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Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 324 International Conference on Architecture: Heritage, Traditions and Innovations (AHTI 2019) Protection of Macau's Historic Architectural Heritage Ran Liang Faculty of Innovation and Design City University of Macau Macau, China Abstract—As Macau once was a Portuguese colony, there cultural spirit and charm are given to play and its form, are the oldest, largest, best preserved and most centralized function and space are properly restored and restructured in a buildings with eastern and western styles coexisting in the reasonable manner to meet the functional needs of the city historic urban area of Macau. The process of urban renewal and the spiritual needs of the society. has caused damages of different degrees to historical architectural heritage. It can be said that urban modernization B. Purpose was born at the cost of historical architectural heritage. Around the world, the protection of architectural heritage has In the process of urban renewal, modern architecture is been carried out in various forms since the formation of constantly emerging. As historical relic, historical human society. In recent centuries, with the continuous architectural heritage needs to develop and change. In the development of civilized society, this protection activity has context of urban renewal, it also needs to make been expanding in both depth and scale. In view of huge corresponding changes and countermeasures to adapt to the number of historical architectural heritage, it has been facing development of the city. Existing urban planning mostly difficulties and challenges to protect and utilize them all over stays at the level of control with respect to the protection of the world. The ways and strategies for protecting the historic architectural heritage. It preserves the architectural heritage architectural heritage is a topic that scholars all over the world by delimiting the scope of protection rather than really think and discuss together. regarding architectural heritage as an important part of urban development. Keywords—Macau’s historic architecture; architectural heritage; protection; reutilization The architectural style, architectural feature, building materials, architectural structure, architectural space and I. INTRODUCTION architectural decoration of historical architectural heritage contain abundant historical and humanistic information, A. Background which is of great protection value and research value. When people generally talk about the historical architectural At the beginning of the 16th century, driven by the "Age heritage, many of them talk about the protection methods or of Exploration" in Europe, Portuguese sailed along the west modes of historical architectural heritage from the coast of Africa, bypassed the Cape of Good Hope, and perspective of architecture. However, for historical arrived at Macau via India and Malacca. In the age with architectural heritage, the more important value is the wind as power, after a long sea voyage and coastal mooring, historical and cultural information contained in the historical Portuguese combined its own European culture with architectural heritage. That is to say, in the process of different regions, nationalities and cultures of Africa and protection of historical architectural heritage, the protection Asia and brought them to Macau together. and continuation of history and culture cannot be ignored. Macau has its unique economic and development model This paper discusses how to better continue and inherit its for more than 400 years since its inception. Macau boasts historical and cultural connotations, and combines it with the historic architectural heritage heavy with Portuguese needs of the current society and the city, thus providing some overtone, and still retains a relatively complete and large- reference for the protection of historical architectural scale architectural complex of southern European style. A heritage. historic urban area consisting of 22 buildings on the Macau Peninsula and eight adjacent forelands was officially listed C. Ideas and Implications of Topic Selection on the World Heritage List by the UNESCO World Heritage 1) Ideas of topic selection: Macau is Asia’s only city Committee on July 15, 2005. which boasts a world cultural heritage complex with For such historic architectural heritage complex, in the southern European characteristics. It witnesses the constant renewal and development of the city, the demolition integration of Chinese and Western cultures. For many and construction of architectural heritage cannot meet the investors or tourists, Macau has the scale and appeal of an needs of the society to seek a new way of survival. The main international market. In this context, exploring Macau's purpose of the protection of historical architectural heritage is to preserve historical authenticity, and to ensure that culture and history has become particularly important and Copyright © 2019, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). 474 Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 324 also promotes the study on Macau's world heritage and cultural resources. Protection of architectural heritage is the symbol of human history, culture and civilization. In the protection of architectural heritage, people never stop discussing the concept of "protection". As for whether the architecture is maintained as per the status quo or restored to its initial state, scholars from different countries may give different answers. However, in any case, the management, protection and development of architectural heritage should be made based on actual situation and follow the principles of scientific planning, rational development and sustainable utilization. 2) Implications of topic selection: With social development and historical evolution, these historical buildings are faced with various problems: buildings have Fig. 1. Fu de Temple. (taken by the author) not been utilized effectively though being repaired for many times; buildings have been used excessively, causing Heritage, an ancient and widely implied word, is the damages to their integrity; buildings have become victims in memory of social development and personal past experience. the process of urban development, and disappeared forever As an important branch of cultural heritage, historical architectural heritage is not only a very old thing, but also a from people's horizon, but waited to be submerged in history. new thing, and a developing thing. The European Charter of In Macau, Historic Centre of Macau has local history and the Architectural Heritage promulgated in 1975 states that culture as well as core competitiveness. It is the world "European architectural heritage not only includes the most cultural heritage of Macau and China’s 31st World Heritage. important monumental buildings, but also includes the This paper analyses and studies the protection and secondary buildings located in ancient towns and utilization of architectural heritage in Macau, and puts characteristic villages as well as their natural and artificial forward some feasible suggestions for the current situation of environments." Since then, the scope of the architectural Macau. heritage that people think is worth protecting has expanded rapidly. D. Methods The historic architectural heritage planned in this paper This paper uses investigation, analysis and literature not only includes the historic buildings themselves, but also research as its main research methods. include the spirit and soul of the historic buildings. The environment and time of different historic architectural Firstly, it collects the information about the protection of heritages determine that buildings have different historical architectural heritage and collates relevant characteristics. Whether the building itself or the soul of the theoretical bases; secondly, it conducts a detailed study on architectural heritage is indispensable. Without any part, the Macau's historical architectural heritage by using the historical architectural heritage will lose its due value and analytical method combined with the theoretical bases, and significance. infer a reasonable way to preserve the historical architectural heritage. 2) Protection: The protection of historical heritage generally refers to the improvement, restoration and control E. Selection Subject of cultural heritage such as historical buildings and historical 1) Historical architectural heritage: Architectural areas. With the progress of the society, the protection of heritage reference in this paper mainly refers to buildings historic architectural heritage is moving on in various forms created or left over by human activities in history, such as with its theory and practice gradually adjusted and improved. architectural relics, historic blocks, architectural groups, etc. The concept of protecting historical architectural heritage When it comes to Macau, people may think about Ruíns of was originated in Italy, and the work of protecting historical St Paul, Historic Centre of Macau, A-Ma Temple, architectural heritage might be traced back to the Charter of Mandarin’s House, church and so on, as shown in "Fig. 1". Athens 1931. The Venice Charter 1964 further expanded the scope of protecting historical buildings. Since then, the promulgation of a series of international regulations, such as