KØBENHAVNS MUSEUM MUSEUM OF COPENHAGEN / ARCHAEOLOGICAL REPORT Rådhuspladsen Metro Cityring Project KBM 3827, Vestervold Kvarter, Københavns Sogn Sokkelund Herred, Københavns Amt Kulturstyrelsen j.nr.: 2010-7.24.02/KBM-0015 Ed Lyne & Hanna Dahlström Contributions by Camilla Haarby Hansen Metro Cityring - Rådhuspladsen KBM 3827, Excavation Report Museum of Copenhagen Vesterbrogade 59 1620 København V Telefon: +45 33 21 07 72 Fax: +45 33 25 07 72 E-mail:
[email protected] www.copenhagen.dk Cover picture: The Rådhuspladsen excavation, with Area 4 (foreground) and Area 5 open. Taken from the fourth floor of Politikens Hus (with kind permission), July 13th 2012 © Museum of Copenhagen 2015 ii Museum of Copenhagen 2015 Metro Cityring - Rådhuspladsen KBM 3827, Excavation Report Contents Abstract v 1 Introduction 1 2 Administrative data 8 3 Topography and cultural historical background 13 4 Archaeological background 23 5 Objectives and aims 30 6 Methodology, documentation, organisation and procedures 41 7 Archaeological results 62 Phase 1 Early urban development – AD 1050-1250 65 Phase 2 Urban consolidation – AD 1250-1350 128 Phase 3 Urban consolidation and defence – AD 1350-1500 170 Phase 4 Expansion of defences and infrastructure – AD 1500-1600 185 Phase 5 Decommissioning of the medieval defences; and the mill by Vesterport – AD 1600- c. 1670 223 Phase 6 The final phase of fortifications – c. AD 1670- c.1860 273 Phase 7 The modern city – AD 1860- present day 291 8 Assessment of results and future research potential 303 9 Future site potential