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PHYTOCHEMICAL ASSESSMENT on N-HEXANE EXTRACT and FRACTIONS of Marsilea Crenata Presl
Trad. Med. J., May - August 2016 Submitted : 14-04-2016 Vol. 21(2), p 77-85 Revised : 25-07-2016 ISSN : 1410-5918 Accepted : 05-08-2016 PHYTOCHEMICAL ASSESSMENT ON N-HEXANE EXTRACT AND FRACTIONS OF Marsilea crenata Presl. LEAVES THROUGH GC-MS ANALISIS FITOKIMIA EKSTRAK N-HEKSANA DAN FRAKSI DAUN Marsilea crenata Presl. DENGAN GC-MS "µ≤®°Æ -°ï°≤©¶1*, Mangestuti Agil1 and Hening Laswati2 1Department of Pharmacognocy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia 2Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia ABSTRACT Estrogen deficiency causes various health problems in postmenopausal women, including osteoporosis. Phytoestrogen emerged as a potential alternative of estrogen with minimum side effects. Green clover (Marsilea crenata Presl.) is a typical plant in East Java which suspected contains estrogen-like substances. The aim of this research was to report the phytochemical properties of M. crenata using GC-MS as a preliminary study. M. crenata leaves were dried and extracted with n-hexane, then separated using vacuum column chromatography to get four fractions, after that the n-hexane extract and four fractions were identified with GC-MS. The results of GC-MS analysis showed some compounds contained in M. crenata leaves like monoterpenoid, diterpenoid, fatty acid compounds, and other unknown compounds. The results obtained in this research indicated a promising potential of M. crenata as medicinal plants, especially as antiosteoporotic agent. Keywords: Marsilea crenata Presl., phytochemical, antiosteoporosis, GC-MS ABSTRAK Defisiensi estrogen menyebabkan berbagai masalah kesehatan pada wanita pascamenopause, salah satunya osteoporosis. Fitoestrogen muncul sebagai alternatif yang potensial pengganti estrogen dengan efek samping minimal. -
Marsilea Vestita Hooker & Grev., HAIRY PEPPERWORT. Perennial
Marsilea vestita Hooker & Grev., HAIRY PEPPERWORT. Perennial herb (aquatic or terrestrial), clonal, rhizomatous, fibrous-rooted at nodes, rosetted with acaulous plantlets along horizontal rhizomes, aquatic form with floating leaves (not observed), land form with ascending leaves to 16 cm tall; shoot rosettes with 1−several leaves at each node along rhizome, blades exhibiting sleep movements, very young leaves arising from folded and indistinctly coiled fiddleheads, shoots in range soft-hairy but especially densely stiff- hairy at nodes; rhizomes creeping, congested (mother plant) but often with aboveground, slender, unbranched, stolonlike extensions, cylindric, to 1 mm diameter, internodes of stolonlike rhizome to 20 mm long and sparsely hairy. Leaves (fronds): helically alternate, pinnately compound and 4-foliolate (appearing palmately compound) of 2 opposite pairs of leaflets and having a very short rachis, long-petiolate; petiole (stipe) of land leaves cylindric, (13−)25−150+ × to 0.7 mm, tough, ± villous, hairy at expanded top; rachis to 0.5 mm long; petiolules to 1 mm long, pulvinuslike; blades of leaflets fan-shaped, in range (3−)5−17 × (2−)4−13 mm, thin, triangular-tapered at base, entire, rounded at tip and often reddish along edge, finely ± dichotomously veined with some cross veins, villous with mostly appressed hairs. Sporocarp (sporangium case): containing elongate sori of male and female sporangia, attached on stiff stalk at base of each moderate-sized leaf just above mud level; stalk ascending, unbranched, ± 5 mm long + ridge -
Review on Fern Marsilea Minuta Linn (Marsileaceae)
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS AND RESEARCH (IJSPR) ISSN: 2349-4689 Volume-13, Number - 01, 2015 Review on Fern Marsilea Minuta Linn (Marsileaceae) Modak Dwiti M. Pharm (Ayu.) Scholar, Ayurvedic Pharmacy, Lovely School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Lovely Professional University, Phagwara-144402 Punjab, India Abstract- Marsilea minuta Linn. is a fern belongs to the family III. FAMILY FEATURE Marsileaceae. The plant is distributed throughout India. According to Acharya Charak and Susruth it possess tridosaghan Aquatic or marsh plants with slender creeping rhizomes, property and grahi in nature. The synonyms of the plant are growing in mud, the leaf with blades (when present) often Sitivara and Svastika. The chemical constituent marsilene, a floating on surface of water and petioles arising from macrocyclic ketone has been isolated from the plant which rootstocks, the blades simple or with 2 or 4 pinnae, fan- possesses sedative and anti-convulsant properties. The plant has shaped, the veins dichotomous and anostomosing at margin; been studied for their various pharmacological activities like plants monoecious, producing megasporangia and adaptogenic-antistress, anti-depressant, anti-diabetic, anti- aggressive, anti-fertility, anti-tussive, hepatoprotective, analgesic microsporangia; the sporocarps hard and bean-shaped, borne and hypocholesterolemic activity. Ethno botanically the plant is on the petioles laterally or at their bases, stalked, solitary or important as it is used in the treatment of diabetes by local people numerous. Morphologically, the sporocarps are a modified in Javadhu Hills Tamil Nadu, India. Though, systemic leaf segment, folded together, containing 2 rows of information on various aspects of this species is unavailable. In indusiated sori within. Megasporangia produce megaspores present review, an attempt has been made to present the which on germination give rise to egg cells, while the information regarding plant profile, pharmacological properties microsporangia produce microspores that give rise to sperm- and ethno botany. -
Marsilea Aegyptiaca (Marsileaceae) on the Mediterranean Island of Elafonisos (Laconia, Peloponnese, Greece)
FERN GAZ. 20(7): 293-300. 2018 293 MARSILEA AEGYPTIACA (MARSILEACEAE) ON THE MEDITERRANEAN ISLAND OF ELAFONISOS (LACONIA, PELOPONNESE, GREECE) Armin Jagel1 & Marcus Lubienski2 1 Danziger Str. 2, 44789 Bochum, Germany; [email protected] 2 Am Quambusch 25, 58135 Hagen, Germany; [email protected] Key Words: Marsilea aegyptiaca, Elafonisos, Greece, European species ABSTRACT The water-clover species Marsilea aegyptiaca was first detected on the Mediterranean island of Elafonisos (Peloponnese, Greece) nearly 25 years ago. This was the first record for the species as part of the European flora. Recent work has shown that M. aegyptiaca still occurs at the site, and data are presented concerning its identification, habitat and distribution. Morphological characters of all known European species within the genus are compared. INTRODUCTION Water-clovers (Marsilea L.) are heterosporous ferns and the most species rich group within the Marsileaceae. The family additionally comprises the pillworts (Pilularia L.) and the monotypic genus Regnellidium Lindm. All three genera are aquatic to semi- aquatic rhizomatous plants with roots and leaves born at nodes and sori arranged in sporocarps (Kramer, 1990; Nagalingum et al., 2006). Recent phylogenetic studies have revealed that the Clover ferns (Marsileaceae) together with the Floating ferns (Salviniaceae; Salvinia Seg. and Azolla Lam.) represent a monophyletic group of heterosporous ferns within the fern clade, which evolved in the Mesozoic (Pryer, 1999; Smith et al., 2006; Nagalingum et al., 2006). Twentieth century treatments of the genus mainly focussing on morphology have been published for Africa (Launert, 1968, 1970, 1971, 1984), Australia (Jones, 1998), India (Gupta, 1962), and the Americas (Johnson, 1986). -
Assessing Phylogenetic Relationships in Extant Heterosporous Ferns (Salviniales), with a Focus on Pilularia and Salvinia
Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 157, 673–685. With 2 figures Assessing phylogenetic relationships in extant heterosporous ferns (Salviniales), with a focus on Pilularia and Salvinia NATHALIE S. NAGALINGUM*, MICHAEL D. NOWAK and KATHLEEN M. PRYER Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA Received 4 June 2007; accepted for publication 29 November 2007 Heterosporous ferns (Salviniales) are a group of approximately 70 species that produce two types of spores (megaspores and microspores). Earlier broad-scale phylogenetic studies on the order typically focused on one or, at most, two species per genus. In contrast, our study samples numerous species for each genus, wherever possible, accounting for almost half of the species diversity of the order. Our analyses resolve Marsileaceae, Salviniaceae and all of the component genera as monophyletic. Salviniaceae incorporate Salvinia and Azolla; in Marsileaceae, Marsilea is sister to the clade of Regnellidium and Pilularia – this latter clade is consistently resolved, but not always strongly supported. Our individual species-level investigations for Pilularia and Salvinia, together with previously published studies on Marsilea and Azolla (Regnellidium is monotypic), provide phylogenies within all genera of heterosporous ferns. The Pilularia phylogeny reveals two groups: Group I includes the European taxa P. globulifera and P. minuta; Group II consists of P. americana, P. novae-hollandiae and P. novae-zelandiae from North America, Australia and New Zealand, respectively, and are morphologically difficult to distinguish. Based on their identical molecular sequences and morphology, we regard P. novae-hollandiae and P. novae-zelandiae to be conspecific; the name P. novae-hollandiae has nomenclatural priority. -
The Vegetation of the Western Australian Deserts
©Reinhold-Tüxen-Gesellschaft (http://www.reinhold-tuexen-gesellschaft.de/) Ber. d. Reinh.-Tüxen-Ges. 18, 219-228. Hannover 2006 The Vegetation of the Western Australian Deserts - Erika and Sandro Pignatti, Rom - Abstract The internal area of W. Australia has arid climate and conditions for plant growth are particularly difficult. The surface of this huge, almost uninhabited territory consists of four landscape systems: the Great Sandy Desert, the Little Sandy Desert, the Great Victoria Desert, the Gibson Desert. The four deserts extend between 21-26° of south- ern latitude, linking to the central Australian deserts and the Nullarbor Plain in the South. Meteorological stations are only in settlements of the surrounding semi-desert areas (Wiluna, Meekatharra, Cue, Warburton), and all show around 200-250 mm year- ly rainfall; in the centre of the deserts rainfall is still much lower, and indicated as “erratic and unreliable”; some areas may lack rain for several years. Despite of the par- ticularly severe ecological conditions, most of the surface is covered by vegetation (at least a discontinuous one) and during expeditions in 2001 and 2002 over 700 species were collected and more than 350 phytosociological relevés were carried out.Two main habitat types can be recognized: Mulga – scattered growth of treelets (Acacia aneura, generally about 3-4 m height), with open understorey (Senna, Eremophila, Solanum) and herbs usually covering less than 20 % of the surface; in the Gibson Desert mulga occurs mainly on hard rock sub- strate (granite, laterite). Because of the discontinuous plant cover, fire can spread only over limited areas. Spinifex – Quite a compact cover of perennial grasses (several species of Triodia, with sharply pointed leaves in dense tussocks 3-5 dm high, panicles up to 1 m and high- er) in monospecific populations covering 60-80 % of the surface; in the sandy deserts, on siliceous sand. -
Salvinia Molesta (SALVINIACEAE) a NEW RECORD for the FLORA
International Journal of Science, Environment ISSN 2278-3687 (O) and Technology, Vol. 8, No 1, 2019, 132 – 140 2277-663X (P) Salvinia molesta (SALVINIACEAE) A NEW RECORD FOR THE FLORA OF SUDAN * Ikram Madani , Faisal Sinada and Talal Mohammed Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Khartoum University, Khartoum, Sudan E-mail: [email protected] (*Corresponding Author) Abstract: This is the first documentation for the presence of Salvinia molesta in the White Nile, Sudan. Floating Salvinia molesta were encountered in the open water for the first time in Sudan near Kosti town (N 13° 11' 15.50" E 32° 40' 20.37"). Specimens of Salvinia were positively identified consulting relevant taxonomic keys, illustrations and descriptions. Leaf areolation patterns, sporocarps morphology, and types of hairs on the abaxial surface of the leaf were considered as key characters for identification. Keywords: Salvinia molesta; White Nile; Sudan; new record. Introduction Salvinia molesta D. S. Mitchell (Salviniaceae) is a floating water fern which infest tropical and subtropical wetlands worldwide. Several authors reported that S. molesta is native to South America, particularly south-eastern Brazil (Mitchell and Thomas, 1972; Forno, 1983). It has been spread widely throughout the world during the past 80 years. In Africa it has been reported in Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cote d’Ivoire, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe (Julien et al., 2009) and recently in Uganda (Andama et al., 2017). It spread to the Indian sub-continent, south-east Asia, Australia, New Zealand, Mexico and southern USA ( Forno and Harley, 1979; Thomas and Room, 1986 .) The family Salviniaceae has only one genus Salvinia and 10 species reported worldwide, eight of which grow in South America (de la Sota, 2001). -
Structure and Function of Spores in the Aquatic Heterosporous Fern Family Marsileaceae
Int. J. Plant Sci. 163(4):485–505. 2002. ᭧ 2002 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. 1058-5893/2002/16304-0001$15.00 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF SPORES IN THE AQUATIC HETEROSPOROUS FERN FAMILY MARSILEACEAE Harald Schneider1 and Kathleen M. Pryer2 Department of Botany, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, U.S.A. Spores of the aquatic heterosporous fern family Marsileaceae differ markedly from spores of Salviniaceae, the only other family of heterosporous ferns and sister group to Marsileaceae, and from spores of all ho- mosporous ferns. The marsileaceous outer spore wall (perine) is modified above the aperture into a structure, the acrolamella, and the perine and acrolamella are further modified into a remarkable gelatinous layer that envelops the spore. Observations with light and scanning electron microscopy indicate that the three living marsileaceous fern genera (Marsilea, Pilularia, and Regnellidium) each have distinctive spores, particularly with regard to the perine and acrolamella. Several spore characters support a division of Marsilea into two groups. Spore character evolution is discussed in the context of developmental and possible functional aspects. The gelatinous perine layer acts as a flexible, floating organ that envelops the spores only for a short time and appears to be an adaptation of marsileaceous ferns to amphibious habitats. The gelatinous nature of the perine layer is likely the result of acidic polysaccharide components in the spore wall that have hydrogel (swelling and shrinking) properties. Megaspores floating at the water/air interface form a concave meniscus, at the center of which is the gelatinous acrolamella that encloses a “sperm lake.” This meniscus creates a vortex-like effect that serves as a trap for free-swimming sperm cells, propelling them into the sperm lake. -
The Autecology and Reproductive Biology of Marsilea Vestita Hook. Et
University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1976 The autecology and reproductive biology of Marsilea vestita Hook. et. Grev. Jane Louise Kotenko The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Kotenko, Jane Louise, "The autecology and reproductive biology of Marsilea vestita Hook. et. Grev." (1976). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 6673. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/6673 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE AUTECOLOGY AND REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF MARSILEA VESTITA HOOK. ET. GREV. by JANE L. KOTENKO B.S., Michigan State University, 1972 Presented in partial fu lfillm e n t of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Botany THE UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA 1976 Approved by: ( 9 ^ Chairman, Board of Examiners Dgjrn, -hJL- D a t ^ 7 " UMI Number: EP37474 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI Otssfldatiofi PuWi$h#ng UMI EP37474 Published by ProOuest LLO (2013). -
A Guide to Mass Rearing the Salvinia Weevil for Biological Control of Giant Salvinia
A Guide to Mass Rearing the Salvinia Weevil for Biological Control of Giant Salvinia A Guide to Mass Rearing the Salvinia Weevil A Guide to Mass Rearing the Salvinia Weevil for Biological Control of Giant Salvinia Allen Knutson and Julie Nachtrieb Project Coordinators Chapter Authors Chapter 1 Giant Salvinia, Salvinia Weevil, and Biological Control of Giant Salvinia Allen Knutson and Abhishek Mukherjee Chapter 2 Water Quality Parameters Important to Growing Giant Salvinia Allen Knutson Chapter 3 Rearing the Salvinia Weevil for Biological Control of Giant Salvinia at the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Lewisville Aquatic Ecosystem Research Facility Julie G. Nachtrieb Chapter 4 Rearing the Salvinia Weevil in Outdoor Tanks at Caddo Lake, Texas Patrick Ireland, Allen Knutson, and Lucas Gregory Chapter 5 Rearing the Salvinia Weevil in the Greenhouse Lee J. Eisenberg and Seth J. Johnson Chapter 6 Rearing the Salvinia Weevil in Ponds Dearl Sanders, Wendell Lorio, and Keith Whitehead Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service Special Publication ESP-475 A Guide to Mass Rearing the Salvinia Weevil Table of Contents List of Figures .........................................................................................................................iv List of Tables ............................................................................................................................v List of Acronyms and Abbreviations ........................................................................................v Preface ....................................................................................................................................vi -
An Access-Dictionary of Internationalist High Tech Latinate English
An Access-Dictionary of Internationalist High Tech Latinate English Excerpted from Word Power, Public Speaking Confidence, and Dictionary-Based Learning, Copyright © 2007 by Robert Oliphant, columnist, Education News Author of The Latin-Old English Glossary in British Museum MS 3376 (Mouton, 1966) and A Piano for Mrs. Cimino (Prentice Hall, 1980) INTRODUCTION Strictly speaking, this is simply a list of technical terms: 30,680 of them presented in an alphabetical sequence of 52 professional subject fields ranging from Aeronautics to Zoology. Practically considered, though, every item on the list can be quickly accessed in the Random House Webster’s Unabridged Dictionary (RHU), updated second edition of 2007, or in its CD – ROM WordGenius® version. So what’s here is actually an in-depth learning tool for mastering the basic vocabularies of what today can fairly be called American-Pronunciation Internationalist High Tech Latinate English. Dictionary authority. This list, by virtue of its dictionary link, has far more authority than a conventional professional-subject glossary, even the one offered online by the University of Maryland Medical Center. American dictionaries, after all, have always assigned their technical terms to professional experts in specific fields, identified those experts in print, and in effect held them responsible for the accuracy and comprehensiveness of each entry. Even more important, the entries themselves offer learners a complete sketch of each target word (headword). Memorization. For professionals, memorization is a basic career requirement. Any physician will tell you how much of it is called for in medical school and how hard it is, thanks to thousands of strange, exotic shapes like <myocardium> that have to be taken apart in the mind and reassembled like pieces of an unpronounceable jigsaw puzzle. -
MARSILEACEAE 1. MARSILEA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1099. 1753
This PDF version does not have an ISBN or ISSN and is not therefore effectively published (Melbourne Code, Art. 29.1). The printed version, however, was effectively published on 6 June 2013. Lin, Y. X. & D. M. Johnson. 2013. Marsileaceae. Pp. 123–124 in Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong, eds., Flora of China, Vol. 2–3 (Pteridophytes). Beijing: Science Press; St. Louis: Missouri Botanical Garden Press. MARSILEACEAE 蘋科 ping ke Lin Youxing (林尤兴)1; David M. Johnson2 Plants small, herbaceous, in shallow water or on shores of lakes and ponds. Rhizomes slender and creeping with a siphonostele, covered with short side-attached hairs or glabrous. Fronds linear or with 2–4 obtriangular or fan-shaped pinnae attached at top of stipe, these floating on water surface or emergent. Spores formed inside bean-shaped sporocarps attached to stipe by a short peduncle. Sporocarps containing 2–30 sori, each sorus including both megasporangia and microsporangia. Megasporangium with 1 large spore; microsporangium with 16–64 small spores. Three genera and ca. 60 species: Africa and Australia are the centers of diversity; one genus and three species in China. Lin Youxing. 2000. Marsileaceae. In: Lin Youxing, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 6(2): 336–339. 1. MARSILEA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1099. 1753, nom. cons. 蘋属 ping shu Lemma Adanson; Spheroidia Dulac; Zaluzianskia Necker. Fronds in deeper water with stipes lax and slender and pinnae floating upon water surface; fronds in shallow water or on land with erect stipes and pinnae oriented in various positions by action of basal pulvini; pinnae 4, obtriangular to fan-shaped, clustered at tip of stipe.