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Framing of Bongani Mafu As Highlanders Fc Coach in the Chronicle

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Framing of Bongani Mafu As Highlanders Fc Coach in the Chronicle MIDLANDS STATE UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF MEDIA AND SOCIETY STUDIES FRAMING OF BONGANI MAFU AS HIGHLANDERS FC COACH IN THE CHRONICLE BY: SIBAKHELE TSHUMA R121957V This dissertation is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the Bachelor of Science Honours degree in the Department of Media and Society Studies at the Midlands State University. GWERU, ZIMBABWE NOVEMBER 2015 1 Framing of Bongani Mafu as Highlanders FC coach in the Chronicle ABSTRACT Football has become a widely followed „religion‟ just like Christianity. This has influenced a growth of scholarship on the subject from different theoretical positions. This study explores the sport world from a media centric standpoint. It looks at sports, particularly football from the lens of the media. It unearths how the media manufactures reality while at the same time exploring the discourses that prevail in the media with specific reference to football coaches. The study is an exploration of the re-presentation of Bongani Mafu during his tenure as Highlanders FC coach in the Chronicle newspaper in 2015. Grounded in the framing and Foucauldian discourse theory, the study utilizes a qualitative research approach. Purposively selected newspaper articles on Bongani Mafu were subjected to critical discourse and semiotic analysis. Findings suggest that Mafu‟s image and reputation mutates during the study period as upon appointment he was framed as a savior, progressed to be a rabble rouser who cannot deliver and finally a complete failure. R121957V I Framing of Bongani Mafu as Highlanders FC coach in the Chronicle Acronyms AIPPA………………………Access to Information and Protection of Privacy Act BF…………………………..Barbourfields CDA……………………….Critical Discourse Analysis FAM……………………….Football Association of Malawi FC…………………………Football Club FIFA………………………Federation of International Association MDC……………………...Movement for Democratic Change MIC………………………Media and Information Commission MIT………………………Multimedia Investment Trust MMPZ…………………..Media Monitoring Project of Zimbabwe NDP……………………..National Democracy Congress NFA…………………….Nigerian Football Association NPP…………………….New Patriotic Party POSA………………….Public Order and Security Act STEM………………….Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics UDI……………………Unilateral Declaration of Independence UEFA………………….Union of European Football Association ZANU PF……………...Zimbabwe African National Union- Patriotic Front ZMC…………………...Zimbabwe Media Commission ZMMT…………………Zimbabwe Mass Media Trust ZNA……………………Zimbabwe National Army ZPC……………………Zimbabwe Power Company R121957V II Framing of Bongani Mafu as Highlanders FC coach in the Chronicle Table of Contents ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................................................... 1 Acronyms ...................................................................................................................................................... ii Chapter 1: Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Background to the study ..................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Research Objectives ............................................................................................................................ 2 1.4 Research Questions ............................................................................................................................ 3 Main Research Question ........................................................................................................................... 3 1.5 Assumptions of the study ................................................................................................................... 3 1.6 Significance of the study ..................................................................................................................... 3 1.7 Statement of the Problem .................................................................................................................. 4 1.8 Limitations ........................................................................................................................................... 4 1.9 Delimitations ....................................................................................................................................... 4 1.10 Structure of the study ....................................................................................................................... 5 1.11 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................... 5 CHAPTER 2: Literature Review and Theoretical Framework ........................................................................ 6 2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 6 2.2 Literature Review ................................................................................................................................ 6 2.3 Media, sports and identity .................................................................................................................. 6 2.4 Media, sport rivalry and hooliganism ............................................................................................... 11 2.5 Sport as a Citizenship and Political Tool ........................................................................................... 16 2.6 Theoretical Framework ..................................................................................................................... 20 2.7 Framing ............................................................................................................................................. 20 2.8 Discourse, Power and Knowledge ..................................................................................................... 25 2.9 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................... 27 CHAPTER 3: Research Methods and Methodology ..................................................................................... 28 3.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 28 3.2 Research Paradigm ........................................................................................................................... 29 R121957V III Framing of Bongani Mafu as Highlanders FC coach in the Chronicle 3.3 Unit of analysis .................................................................................................................................. 31 3.4 Sampling Approach ........................................................................................................................... 31 3.4.1 Purposive-Sampling ....................................................................................................................... 32 3.5 Methods of Data Gathering .............................................................................................................. 32 3.5.1 Archival Research ........................................................................................................................... 33 3.6 Methods of Data Analysis ................................................................................................................. 33 3.6.1 Critical Discourse Analysis .............................................................................................................. 33 3.6.2 Semiotic analysis ............................................................................................................................ 34 3.7 Data Presentation ............................................................................................................................. 35 3.8 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................... 36 CHAPTER 4: Political Economy of the Chronicle .......................................................................................... 37 4.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 37 4.2 Historical Background ....................................................................................................................... 37 4.3 Ownership and Control of the Chronicle .......................................................................................... 41 4.4 Funding mechanism .......................................................................................................................... 42 4.5 Chronicle’s Core Business ................................................................................................................. 42 4.6 Links with other Organisations ......................................................................................................... 44 4.7 Editorial Structure of the Chronicle..................................................................................................
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