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ENDRI KONFERENCA ICSNS VIII Qershor 2020.Indd Book of proceedings EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON: “SOCIAL AND NATURAL SCIENCES – GLOBAL CHALLENGE 2020” (ICSNS VIII-2020) Brussels, 22 June 2020 Organized by International Institute for Private- Commercial- and Competition Law (Austria) in Partnership with Institute of History and Political Science of the University of Białystok (Poland), School of American Law (Greece) Edited by: Dr. Lena Hoff man 1 EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON: “SOCIAL AND NATURAL SCIENCES – GLOBAL CHALLENGE 2020” (ICSNS VIII-2020) Editor: Lena Hoff man Brussels, 22 june 2020 ISBN: 978-9928-4298-8-9 Disclaimer Every reasonable eff ort has been made to ensure that the material in this book is true, correct, complete, and appropriate at the time of writing. Nevertheless the publishers, the editors and the authors do not accept responsibility for any omission or error, or any injury, damage, loss or fi nancial consequences arising from the use of the book. The views expressed by contributors do not necessarily refl ect those of University of Bialystok (Poland), International Institute for Private, Commercial and Competition law (Austria), School of American Law (Greece). 2 International Scientific Committee ICBLAS III 2015 (ICSNS VIII-2020) Prof. Dr. Helmut Flachenecker, Universität Wuerzburg (Germany) Prof. Dr. John Rowley Gillingham, University of Missouri (USA) Prof. Dr. Jürgen Wolfb auer, Montanuniversität Leoben (Austria) Prof. Dr. H. Ekkehard Wolff , Universität Leipzig (Germany) Prof. Em. Dr. Karl Otwin Becker, Universität Graz (Austria) Prof. Em. Nikolaus Grass, Universität Innsbruck (Austria) Prof. Em. Rolf Ostheim, Universität Salzburg (Austria) Prof. Dr. Werner Lehfeldt, Universität Goett ingen (Germany) Prof. Dr. Horst Weber, Universität Chemnitz (Germany) Prof. Em. Josef Barthel, Universität Regensburg (Germany) Prof. Dr. Gracienne Lauwers, Universiteit Antwerpen (Belgium) Prof. Dr. Evis Kushi, University of Elbasan (Albania) Dr. Sasha Dukoski, University St. Kliment Ohridski – Bitola (Macedonia) Dr. Hans-Achim Roll, Rechtsanwalt (Germany) Prof. Em. Johannes Bronkhorst, University of Lausanne (Switzerland) Prof. Dr. Horst-Dieter Westerhoff , Universität Duisburg-Essen (Germany) Prof. Dr. Francesco Scalera, Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro (Italy) Prof. Dr. Thomas Schildbach, Universität Passau (Germany) Dr. Angelika Kofl er, Europäisches Forum Alpbach (Austria) Prof. Em. Ott o Rosenberg, University of Paderborn (Germany) Prof. Dr. Joseph Mifsud, University of East Anglia, London, (UK) Prof. Dr. Nabil Ayad, University of East Anglia, London, (UK) Dr. Mladen Andrlic, Director of the Diplomatic Academy (Croatia) Prof. Dr. Iraj Hashi, Staff ordshire University (UK) Prof. Em. Winfried Mueller, University of Klagenfurt (Austria) Prof. Dr. Juliana Latifi , Tirana Business University (Albania) Prof. Em. Hans Albert, University of Mannheim (Germany) Dr. Magdalena El Ghamari, University of Bialystok (Poland) Prof. Dr. Bektash Mema, University of Gjirokastra (Albania) Prof. Dr. Piotr Kwiatkiewicz, University of WAT/WLO (Poland) Prof. Dr. Slađana Živković, University of Niš (Serbia) Prof. Dr. Sebastiano Tafaro, Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro (Italy) Prof. Em. Johann Götschl, University of Graz (Austria) Prof. Dr. Rajmonda Duka, University of Tirana (Albania) Prof. Dr. Laura Tafaro, Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro (Italy) Prof. Em. Robert Müller, University of Salzburg (Austria) Prof. Dr. Malyadri Pacha, Osmania University (India) Prof. Dr. Mario Calabrese, Sapienza University (Italy) Prof. Dr. Azem Hajdari, University of Pristina (Kosovo) 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Inheritance in Albanian International private law ...........................................6 Endri Papajorgji Greta Alikaj Political concepts for security ................................................................................10 Alban Malia Mechanisms for inclusion of citizen in decision-making process in Kosovo ...................................................................................................................17 Avni H. Alidemaj Objection to paternity in the Albanian judicial practice .................................30 Enkelejda Mecka Propaganda of the Albanian communist press for the administration of President John F. Kennedy, in the years 1961 – 1963 .....................................38 Marsel Nilaj Historical evolution of the“Execution of Final Court Decisions” in Albania ....................................................................................................................... 49 Amanda Gjyli (Vrioni) Impact of Covid-19 in fi nancial reporting 2019 ..................................................58 (Case study Albanian SME-s) Brikena Tolli Some Applications of Machine Learning in Cryptography ............................68 Jollanda Shara Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation factors among football fans in Albania .75 Julian Bundo Mirdaim Axhami Error analysis in the process of Second Language learning: ...........................84 Albanian case: grammatical errors of Albanian EFL learners .........................84 Morena Braçaj The injured party and their legal protection ......................................................93 Shaban Sulejmani Urim Iseni 4 Gender Equality in European Union over the last decade: how can policies and legislation overcome social norms? ..............................................................99 Leudita Ademi Problems of equivalence in translation ...............................................................105 Silvana Dervishi Historical and theoretical aspects of the institute of the marriage dissolution ................................................................................................................. 111 Ganimete Bexheti Ismaili Allied strategy and operations in support of wartime resistance in Albania 1943-1944 .....................................................................................................120 Etleva Babameto The phenomenon of suicide in Albania during the communist regime .......141 Zyhra Gripshi 5 Inheritance in Albanian International private law Assoc. Prof. Dr. Endri Papajorgji Dean of the Faculty of Law at Tirana Business University College, Tirana, Albania Msc. Greta Alikaj Ministry of Tourism and Environment Abstract Inheritance is an important institution of private law. In Albania, inheritance as a private law institution and property acquisition is regulated in articles 316-418 of the Albanian Civil Code. According to Article 316, the inheritance is defi ned as: “Passing by law or by will of the deceased person, one or more persons (heirs), according to the rules defi ned in this Code” In this article, inheritance is not only analyzed as civil legal relation, but also as a way of gaining ownership. According to Albanian law, inheritance consists on the entirety of legal norms governing the property relations that arise due to the death of a person and regulating the transfer of property left by the decedent to his heirs. 1 According to the Albanian Civil Code there are two causes for the transfer of property from the decedent to the heir: • Legal Inheritance (articles 360-371); • Testament inheritance (articles 372-418) By legal inheritance is understood the transfer of property from a deceased person (testator), to other persons (inheritors), which is done not according to the will of the decedent (by testament), but according to the rules provided by the law itself. According to Article 360 of the Civil Code: Legal heirs are children, grandchildren, spouse, parents, brothers and sisters and children of brothers and sisters, grandparents, persons unable to work in charge of the decedent, other relatives up to the sixth degree, and the state. These are called to inheritance specifi ed in this Code. Keywords: Inheritance, Albania, International private law, EU. Introduction Albania s civil code is based on Roman law for determining inheritance up to the sixth degree, clearly defi ning the levels of the heirs, while the state gains the property through legal inheritance, in case of the absence of heirs of these levels. On the other hand, by testament inheritance is meant the passage of the property of the deceased person (the testator), to other persons (heirs) based on the expressed will in the testament, of the testator. In case of the invalidity of the will or when the decedent does not have a will, then the legal inheritance is enforced. While in cases where the will is partially void, or when the decedent has disposed by will a part of the hereditary estate, both legacy and testamentary inheritance apply.2 The rules of private international regarding the right to inheritance are based on 1 Kondili, E drejta civile II (Private law), (2008) 196. 2 Kondili, E drejta civile II (Private law), (2008) 199. 6 three main principles: • the principle of residence; • the location of immovable property; • nationality; International law distinguishes between the deceased with a last residence in Albania and those with a last residency in a foreign country. On the other hand, international law imposes a limitation on the ability to have disposition in the will and lastly, international law sets special rules on the validity of the will. According to Article 33 paragraph 1 the inheritance of movable property is regulated by the law of the State in which the decedent has his usual place of residence at the time of death. According to international law, citizenship in this case does not matt er. The Albanian hereditary right applies, as long as the principle
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