sign in sign up
<<
Home , Bingling Temple, Gansu Provincial Museum, Lanzhou New Area, Line 2 (Lanzhou Metro)

Kina 24.2 til 10.3 2013

自强不息，独树一帜 motto oversat: Be diligent, be realistic, be enterprising 1 Deltagere Billy Bjarne Kristensen Ejvind Frausing Hansen Jørgen Jesper Hvolris Lisbeth Hvolris Nina Weis Otto Kraemer Ove Andersen Torben Mogensen Lars Bo Krag Møller

Denne lille folder er udarbejdet forud for turen til Kina den 24.2 til 10.3 2013. Den består af klip fra nettet (Wikipedia, FDM travel mf) Indholdet er ikke kontrolleret.

lkm

2 Indhold Forside 2 Geografien og populationen 5 Billeder fra 6 Lanzhou new area 7 Lanzhous adminstration 9 Historie, klima, geografi mm 10 Et rejsebureau beskrivelse 11 Geografi og klima 13 Transport 15 Industri og transport 14 Lanzhou universitet 16 Laboratorier 17 Nøgletal for universitetet 18 Ganshou 18 Kort 23 (kort over) 27 Undgå at blive snydt/seværdigheder 28 Praktiske forhold 29

3 Kina 甘 gān ‐ () Navnets oprindelse 肃 sù ‐ () Administrationstype Provins Hovedstad Lanzhou Guvernør Lu Hao Ganzhou Areal 454.000 km² (7.)

Befolkning (2004) 26.190.000 (22.) ‐ Tæthed 57,7/km² (27.)

CNY 155,9 milliard BNI (2004) (27.) ‐ per indbygger CNY 5950 (30.) Officiel hjemmeside: http://www.gansu.gov.cn

Gansu (simplificeret kinesisk: 甘 Hovedstaden:Lanzhou 肃, traditionel kinesisk: 甘肅,Hanyu : Gānsù, Wade‐Giles: Kan‐su, Kansu Bypræfekturerne eller Kan‐suh) er Lanzhou (7) en provins i Folkerepublikken Kina. (af 22 (4) provinser) . Den ligger (6) mellem , Indre Mongoliet og (12) Huangtu‐plateauet og grænser op Jiayuguan (2) Wuwei (5) til Mongoliet i nord. Huang He‐floden Zhangye (3) løber gennem den sydlige del af (13) provinsen. Jiuquan (1) Gansu har en befolkning på omkring 26 (14) millioner (2004) og har en stor (10) koncentration af huikinesere. (11) Hovedstaden i provinsen er Lanzhou, der Det autonome ligger i den sydøstlige del af Gansu. præfektur Linxia Hui Provinsen har store mineralforekomster, for huikinesere (8) og mange planter som bruges indenfor Det autonome kinesisk medicin vokser i området. præfektur Gannan for tibetanere (9) Wikipedia

4 Lanzhou, eller Lanchow, (udtales [län'jō']) er en by på præfekturniveau (se senere) og hovedstaden i den kinesiske provins Gansu, beliggende i det centrala Kina ved Den Gule Flod (Huang He), i en højde af omkring 1.600 moh. Byen har 2,1 millioner indbyggere [1] på et areal af ca. 1.700 km². Lanzhou er også et vigtigt knudepunkt da den ligger strategisk mellem Tibet, Xinjiang Mongoliet og det egentlige Kina. Byen har vigtige olieraffina‐derier.

Mother Huang He statue in Lanzhou

5 Lanzhou new area to flatten 700 mountains for new The first stage of the mountain‐flattening metropolis in the desert initiative, which was reported on Tuesday by Lanzhou new area plan to begin with the China Economic Weekly magazine, began in 'mountain‐moving project', but financial and late October and will eventually enable a new environmental wisdom of project urban district almost 10 square miles in size questioned (The Gardian) northeast of downtown Lanzhou –a small, but important part of the Lanzhou New area project A long, long time ago, an old Chinese peasant to be built. named Yu Gong decided to move two inconveniently located mountains away from One of the country's largest private companies: blocking the entrance to his home. Legend the Nanjing‐based China Pacific Construction has it he struggled terribly, but ultimately Group, headed by Yan Jiehe, is behind the succeeded. Hence the Chinese idiom "Yu initiative. The 52‐year‐old former teacher is Gong moves the mountains." Where there's a portrayed in China as a sort of home‐grown will, there's a way. Now Chinese developers Donald Trump –ultra‐ambitious and are putting old Yu to shame. preternaturally gifted at navigating the country's vast network of "guanxi", or personal In what is being billed as the largest connections. "mountain‐moving project" in Chinese history, one of China's biggest construction Yan was born in the 1960s as the youngest of firms will spend £2.2bn to flatten 700 nine children. After a decade of working as a mountains levelling the area Lanzhou, high‐school teacher and cement plant allowing developers to build a new employee, he founded his construction firm in metropolis on the outskirts of the north‐ 1995 and amassed a fortune by buying and western city. revamping struggling state‐owned enterprises. In 2006 the respected Hu Run report named Yan The Lanzhou New Area, 500 square miles –then worth about £775m –as China's second‐ (130,000 hectares) of land 50 miles from the richest man. city, which is the provincial capital of arid Gansu province, could increase the region's His latest plan has evoked a healthy dose of gross domestic product to £27bn by 2030, scepticism. Lanzhou, home to 3.6 million according to the state‐run China Daily. It has people alongside the silty , already already attracted almost £7bn of corporate has major environmental concerns. Last year investment. the World Health Organisation named it the city with the worst air pollution in China. The city's The project will be China's fifth "state‐level main industries include textiles, fertiliser development zone" and the first in the production and metallurgy. country's rapidly developing interior, according to state media reports. Others Liu Fuyuan, a former high‐level official at the include 's and 's country's National Development and Reform , home to a half‐built, 120‐building Commission, told China Economic Weekly that replica of Manhattan. China's state council, its the project was unsuitable because Lanzhou is highest administrative authority, approved frequently listed as among China's most the Lanzhou project in August. chronically water‐scarce municipalities. "The most important thing is to gather people in places where there is water," he said. 6 Others also pointed to the financial risk of building a new city in the middle of the desert. "All this investment needs to be paid back with residential land revenue, and I don't see much on returns in these kinds of cities," said Tao Ran, an economics professor at Renmin University in Beijing. "If you have a booming real estate market it might work, but it seems to me that real estate in China is very, very risky."

In an email interview, a China Pacific Construction Group spokeswoman dismissed criticisms of the project as unjustified. "Lanzhou's environment is already really poor, it's all desolate mountains which are extremely short of water," said Angie Wong. "Our protective style of development will divert water to the area, achieve reforestation and make things better than before."

Yan's plans could be considered "a protective style of development, and a developmental style of protection", she said, adding: "I think whether it's England or America, or any other country, no one will cease development because of resource scarcity caused by geography."

A promotional video posted on the Lanzhou new area website shows a digitally‐rendered cityscape of gleaming skyscrapers and leafy parks. Against a driving operatic score, the camera zooms out from a large government building to reveal features of the area's imagined urban topography: a clock tower, a new airport, an oil refinery, a light‐rail system, and a stadium packed with cheering fans.

The new area "will lead to an environmentally sustainable economy based on energy‐saving industries" including advanced equipment manufacturing, petrochemical industries and modern agriculture, wrote Chinese Central Television on its website.

The Lanzhou city government could not be reached for comment. Jonathan Kaiman The Guardian, Thursday 6 December 2012 17.48 7 GMT Lanzhou er en by på præfekturniveau En by på præfekturniveau (地级市,dìjíshì) er (Yunnan, Guizhou, Qinghai) og to autonome betegnelsen for en administrativ territoriel regioner (Xinjiang, Tibet) som har mere end tre enhed i Folkerepublikken Kina. Den er en sekundære administrative enheder som ikke er enhed som indordnes mellem provins og amt, byer på præfekturniveau. og som dermed er det sekundære Et præfektur må opfylde en række kriterier for administrative niveau. Tilsvarende med dette, at kunne komme i betragtning for opgradering det vil sige også på sekundært administrativt til by på præfekturniveau: Det må blandt andet niveau, har landet også præfekturer, ligaer og ha et bymæssigt center med bymæssig autonome præfekturer. Fra og med først befolkning på over 250.000 indbyggere og en i 1980'erne har byer på præfekturniveau i de industri hvis bruttoprodukt overstiger 200 fleste tilfælde overtaget efter de gamle mill. RMB. præfekturer som sekundære administrative De største byer på præfekturniveau enheder. er Baoding (iprovinsen Hebei), Zhoukou (Henan En by på præfekturniveau er ikke en «by» i ), Nanyang (Henan)og Linyi (Shandong), og de streng forstand men snarere en administrativ har alle flere indbyggere end Tianjin, som er enhed som normalt består af en bymæssig den mindst folkerige byprovins i landet. kerne (dvs. en by i almindelig forstand) Femten store byer på præfekturniveau er blevet omgivet af mindre urbaniserede og/eller givet status som subprovinsielle byer, hvilket landlige områder der som regel er langt større giver dem væsentlig større autonomi. end den bymæssige kerne. En by på subpræfekturniveau er en by på Byer på præfekturniveau er næsten altid delt amtsniveau med myndighed som ligger tæt på op i tertiære admininistrative enheder som den som tilkommer en by på præfekturniveau. amter, byer på amtsniveau eller andre undergrupperinger. Resumé For at skelne mellem byen på • In ancient times, it was an important city on præfekturniveau og selve byen i strikt the trade route. forstand benyttes udtrykket 市 • The second largest city in northwestern 区 shìqū («urbant område») på kinesisk. China. It is a comparatively prosperous and Den første by på præfekturniveau blev dannet modernized urban area in Gansu Province. den 5. november 1983. I løbet af de følgende • Some Silk Road‐related to tiår har byer på præfekturniveau erstattet sites and ancient construction, such as det store flertal af de før så almindelige (Thousand Buddha Caves) præfekturer. with 5th ‐ 8th century cave shrines and stone De fleste provinser består udelukkende eller statues. næsten udelukkende af byer på • Now highly influenced by a large Muslim præfekturniveau. Af Folkerepublikkens 22 minority. provinser og fem autonome områder er det • Hub for transportation in kun tre provinser and for visiting the Silk Road highlights to the west, as well as an important railway transition on the Qinghai‐Tibet Railway to Lhasa. China Higlights.com

8 History Originally in the territory of the Western Qiang Downtown Lanzhou seen from across the peoples, Lanzhou became part of the territory Yellow River of the State of Qin in the 6th century BC. Under the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644) the In 81 BC, under the (206 BC–220 prefecture was demoted to a county and AD), it was taken from the Huns' Huandi placed under the administration Chanyu and made the seat of Lintaosuperior prefecture, but in 1477 of Jinchengcommandery (jùn), and later of Lanzhou was reestablished as a political the Jincheng county (xiàn), later unit. renamed Yunwu. The city used to be called the The city acquired its current name in 1656, Golden City, and since at least the first during the Qing Dynasty. When Gansu was millennium BC it was a major link on the made a separate province in 1666, Lanzhou ancient Northern Silk Road,[1][2] and also an became its capital. important historicYellow River crossing site. To In 1739 the seat of Lintao was transferred to protect the city, the Great Wall of China was Lanzhou, which was later made a superior extended as far as Yumen. prefecture called Lanzhou. After the fall of the Han Dynasty, Lanzhou Lanzhou was badly damaged during became the capital of a succession of tribal the Dungan revolt in 1864–1875. In the states. In the 4th century it was briefly the 1920s and 1930s it became a center capital of the independent state of Liang. of Sovietinfluence in northwestern China. The dynasty (386–534) During the Second Sino‐Japanese reestablished Jincheng commandery, War (1937–1945) Lanzhou, linked renaming the county Zicheng. Mixed with with Xi'an by highway in 1935, became the different cultural heritages, the area at terminus of the 3,200 km (2,000 mi) present‐day Gansu province, from the 5th to Chinese‐Soviet highway, used as a route for the 11th century, became a center Soviet supplies destined for the Xi'an area. for Buddhist study. Under the Sui This highway remained the primary traffic Dynasty (581–618) the city became the seat of route of northwestern China until the Lanzhou prefecture for the first time, retaining completion of the railway from Lanzhou this name under the Tang Dynasty (618–907). to Urumqi, Xinjiang. During the war Lanzhou In 763 the area was overrun by the Tibetan was heavily bombed by the Japanese. Empire and in 843 was conquered by the Tang. During the 1937 Japanese invasion of China, Later it fell into the hands of the Western Xia the Guominjun Muslim Generals Ma Dynasty (which flourished in Qinghai from the Hongkuiand Ma Bufang protected Lanzhou 11th to 13th century) and was subsequently with their cavalry troops, putting up such absorbed by the Song Dynasty (960–1126) in resistance that the Japanese never captured 1041. The name Lanzhou was reestablished, Lanzhou.[3][4][5] and the county renamed Lanzhuan. The city is the seat of a currently After 1127 it fell into the hands of the Jin vacant Roman Catholic diocese[6] and was Dynasty, and after 1235 it came into the previously the center of a vicariate possession of the Mongol Empire. apostolic (Vicariate Apostolic of Northern Kan‐Su).[7]

9 Overview (iflg et rejsebureau) Lanzhou is the capital of Gansu Province. Tea Horse Road went through Yunnan in the far About 3.2 million people live in the urban southwestern corner of China. For the capital area. Lanzhou was an ancient city on the ‘Silk cities of China’s large dynastic empires at Xi’an Road’ trade route between Europe and China and Beijing and for the populous northern because it is at the entrance of a lowland provinces, the and Lanzhou were corridor called the Hexi Corridor. On either vitally important for trade and contact with the side of this big long valley, there are high West. mountains, deserts and plateaus that blocked travel to the north and south. The people One of the legacies of the Silk Road is the benefited from the trade through the area, Bingling Temple (Thousand Buddha Caves) that and they were influenced by Western ideas are one and a half hours southwest of Lanzhou. and religions. The first frescoes were carved during the 4th or In and around Lanzhou are ancient Buddhist 5th centuries AD. Carving and excavating temple sites and shrines. Now, Lanzhou has a continued for about 1,000 years. There are large Muslim minority of about 9% of the more than a hundred caves and hundreds of population. The city is an important carved figures. Some are quite big. A famous transportation hub. The legacy of centuries of one is more than 27 meters tall and is similar in travel and trade on the Silk Road are the style to great Buddhas that were carved in Bingling Temple Grottoes near Lanzhou and Central Asia. ancient temples and fortifications in the Hexi Corridor, and the modern city of Lanzhou History offers the as a travel The history of Lanzhou is tied up with the Silk highlight and modern facilities for a Silk Road Road. The Han Empire (206 BC – 220 AD) rulers tour. wanted trade and allies and sent Zhang Qian as an emissary to western countries two times about the year 100 BC. He had very long and On and off for about 1,600 years after 100 BC, adventurous journeys that included being the Silk Road through the Hexi Corridor and captured for 10 years and escaping. The Han Lanzhou was an important trade route. For rulers sent a big embassy with him with trading centuries, between the Chinese empires and goods, and they interested the countries to the kingdoms in the Far East and the empires and west with trade with China. Silk was the most kingdoms to the west, the quickest and safest prized Chinese product, and the Chinese wanted overland route north of the Himalayan big horses and manufactured products such as mountains passed through the town of glass articles. at the western end of the Hexi Mogao Grottoes Corridor, though the Hexi Corridor passage, Along with the goods, ideas traveled with the and then on to Lanzhou. The Hexi Corridor is people on the caravan routes. Western about 1,000 kilometers long, and the towns ideologies greatly affected the Chinese and rivers were used by traders, troops and Dynasties. It is said that a Han Emperor named travelers. On both sides of this corridor is Mingdi had a dream of a golden figure, and his inhospitable terrain. To the south are the advisers said that the figure was the Buddha Qilian Mountains and the , and who was the god of the West. In 68 AD, Mingdi to the north are the Beishan Mountains and sent Cai Yin to Central Asia to learn about this the . For going between the West religion. The main religion of Central Asia was and China, the big, long valley was one of the . Cai Yin brought back Buddhist two main land routes. The other route called scriptures and two Buddhist monks. the Southern Silk Road or the Buddhism became popular, and people built the big ancient Buddhist temple sites associated with the Silk Road at the Bingling Grottoes, Mogao Grottoes and the Zhangye Giant Buddha Temple during the next thousand years. The Western influence can be seen in the style of the ancient sites. The people near the Silk Road accepted Persian and Indian Buddhist teaching. When Arabs attacked Central Asia in the 700s, Islam replaced Buddhism as the major religion. The Silk Road fell into disuse after the Tang Dynasty fell in the year 907. Then Mongolians conquered China Mogao grotterne and most of Asia and established the Yuan Dynasty (1279‐1368) in China. They brought Muslims from .” It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and Persia and Central Asia to China. Many Mongolians is said to be among the largest and best converted to Islam. preserved Buddhist grottoes in the Best time to go: The best time to go is between world. Much of the area is closed off April and September when it is warm. There isn’t though. The ancient sites in the Hexi much rain during any month. Even in the summer, a Corridor mainly relate to the Silk Road jacket may be necessary. era. The Silk Road breaks into three Altitude and Pollution: The altitude is 1,500 meters branches at Dunhuang, and Turpan, or almost 5,000 feet. This is almost a mile high, like Urumqi and Kashgar are travel highlights the altitude of Denver, Colorado. Lanzhou is one of further west. the world’s smoggiest cities. If you suffer from asthma or high altitudes, it would be good to spend only a short time there. There is also a lot of dust in the air sometimes. Nearby Attractions White The main ancient attraction near Lanzhou is the Bingling Grottoes. Another is the White Pagoda park area. Following the Silk Road going westwards in the Hexi Corridor, there is the city of Wuwei with the Confucian Temple complex. Further west is the city White pagode of Zhangye near the Giant Buddha Temple. Next there is the Jiayuguan Fort that guarded the western border of China at the narrowest point of the Hexi Corridor called the . The city of Dunhuang is at the western end of the valley and was also the end of the Great Wall of China that once stretched all the way from Beijing. Near Dunhuang are the Mogao Grottoes that are sometimes called the "One Thousand Buddhas Caves. Wikipedia: Geography The mean annual temperature is 9.8 °C (49.6 Area: 13,300 km2 (5,100 sq mi) °F), while annual rainfall is 315 millimetres Elevation: 1,600 metres (5,200 ft) above sea (12.4 in), almost all of which falls from May level to October. China's northwest geographical center The winters are so dry that snow is More than 20 square kilometres (7.7 sq mi) extremely rare. of urbanisation along the southern banks of Serious Air pollution in the city means that it the Yellow River. has some of the worst air quality of all the Zonary basin cities in China.[8] According to the Mountains are located on the south and Blacksmith Institute, Lanzhou is one of the north sides of the city: 30 most polluted cities in the world, with its Qilian Ranges, Mt. Pingliang and Mt. TSP (total suspended particle)] rating 247% Kongtong (the most noted in Taoism) above that of the Gansu State River: recommendation. Air quality is so poor that The Yellow River flows through from west to at times one cannot see Lanshan, the east. mountain rising straight up along the south Lanzhou is situated on the upper reaches of side of the city. At one point, a controversial the Yellow River where it emerges from the suggestion was put forward to bulldoze a mountains and has been a center since early mountain adjacent to the city, in order to let times, being at the southern end of the fresh air in to the bowl where Lanzhou is route leading via the Hexi Corridor across situated. It was suggested on the premise Central Asia. It commands the approaches to that the surrounding mountains block a free the ancient capital area of Chang'an flow of air in the city. The city is located in a (modern Xi'an) in Shaanxi province from narrow river valley with an unfortunate curve both the west and the northwest, as well as causing it to be hemmed in with no free air the area of Qinghai Lake via the upper flow. Lanzhou is also the home of many waters of the Yellow River and its tributaries. factories, including some involved in petroleum processing, and suffers from large Earthquakes dust storms kicked up from the Gobi Desert, Lanzhou experiences earthquakes regularly, especially in the winter and spring. In 2011, although usually at low intensities. In 1920 a using Chinese statistics, the World Health large earthquake was experienced killing Organization reported that Lanzhou has the more than 100,000 people in Eastern Gansu worst air quality (annual mean PM10 ug/m3 province, although only 42 were killed in of 150) among eleven western China cities, Lanzhou itself, the low number being and is even worse than Beijing with its attributed to the strong yet flexible nature of reading of 121.[9] the wooden buildings in the city.[12] The reach of the Yellow River at Lanzhou carries a high load of silt, giving the river its Climate and environment characteristic muddy appearance; however Further information: Environment of China water quality in this reach is better than the Lanzhou is situated in the temperate zone "fetid outflow that barely passes for water and enjoys a semi‐arid climate (Köppen BSk) two hours downstream".[10] with hot summers and cold and dry winters. Diurnal temperature ranges tend to be somewhat large due to the high elevation 12 and aridity. Productivity Industrial zones: Since 1949 Lanzhou has been transformed Lanzhou Economic and Technological from the capital of a poverty‐stricken province Development Zone into the center of a major industrial area. The Lanzhou High‐tech Industrial Development GDP per capita of Lanzhou was 25,566 (RMB) Zone (US$3,681) in 2008, ranking it at number 134 [edit]Agriculture among 659 Chinese cities. Lanzhou is the collecting center and market Natural resources for agricultural produce and livestock from Minerals: coal, gold, silver, zinc, nickel, a wide area. manganese, clay, and dolomite Spring wheat, vegetables, beans, oil‐ Hydropower boiling, melon, peaches, and tobacco. There is a thermal generating plant supplied Roses and lilies with coal from fields in Qinghai. In addition, there is a hydroelectric station at Zhulama Gorge in Gansu, and a large multipurpose dam has been built in the Liujia Gorge on the Yellow River above Lanzhou.[13]

Industry Main industries include textile mills, rubber processing and fertilizer plants, an oil refinery, petrochemicals, machinery, and metallurgical industry. Gansu has one of the largest oil refineries in the country and Lanzhou itself is the center of the province's petrochemical industry. Lanzhou has a large refinery linked to the fields at Yumen by pipeline. It also manufactures equipment for the oil industry. Lanzhou has a large textile industry, particularly noted for the production of woolen and leather goods. In addition, Lanzhou produces locomotives and rolling stock for the northwestern railways, as well as machine tools and mining equipment. aluminum products, industrial chemicals, and fertilizers are produced on a large scale, and there is a large rubber industry. Copper is mined in nearby Gaolan. Lanzhou has been one of the centers of China's national nuclear power industry since the 1960s.

13 Construction of new high‐speed passenger‐ only railway lines is carried out both toward the east (the Xulan Passenger Dedicated Line) Transportation and the west (the Lanxin High‐Speed Railway). Airlines These services will be using an upgraded Lanzhou Airport serves as the main airport Lanzhou West Railway Station. and is located 70 km (43 mi) north of Lanzhou. Flights from more than 20 cities depart and Lanzhou Railway Station is located in arrive at the airport. Chengguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province Railway / Subway along Huochezhan Dong Road (火车站东路). Lanzhou is the 2nd city in northwest China to Opened in October, 1952 under the begin building subway lines, in August 2012. jurisdiction of the Lanzhou Railway Bureau. It The planned urban railway network will handles both passenger and freight as a consist of six subway lines running 207 km Chinese classified first‐class station. It is (129 mi), Yuan said. Three of the subway lines, served by the Longhai Railway, Lan‐Xin Railway coded Line 1, Line 2 and Line 3, will extend 90 and Baotou‐Lanzhou Railway km (56 mi) in the city proper, while the three Lanzhou Railway Station Soft Seat Waiting outer lines, coded Line 4, Line 5 and Line 6, Area will run 117 km (73 mi), connecting the city The station building has an area of 18,006 center with Lanzhou Zhongchuan Airport, square meters, with a total area of 33,528 and , square meters with the outdoor square. It has respectively. The first two lines will cost about been designed to hold 6,000 waiting 23 billion yuan ($3.6 billion) and be completed passengers. It is served by an elevated by 2020.[14] footbridge across the lines, arrival and Regional departure car ramps, escalators and central Lanzhou Railway Station is a major railway hub air‐conditioning, electronic ticketing and an of western China. Everyday over 100 electronic‐oriented information inquiry passenger trains originate or pass via this system. The outdoor station square hosts a station. It is a vital focal point connecting the large replica of the ancient Galloping Horse on western Chinese provinces with the east. a Flying Swallow statue, a symbol of Lanzhou. Lanzhou Railway Station's location is on Lanzhou station has 5 platforms and a total of Huochezhan Dong Lu, in Chengguan district. 12 shared tracks (passenger and freight). It has the following railway connections: Usage Longhai Railway to the east (Xi'an, , Lianyungang), with connection to the main Lanzhou station is served by Longhai Railway, railway of Eastern China supporting direct Lan‐Xin Railway and Baotou‐Lanzhou Railway trains to Beijing, Shanghai, etc. This was the as a major provincial first class station. The first railway to reach Lanzhou (1953). average daily handling capacity is for Lanxin Railway to the west and northwest passenger trains is about 100 trains, including (with direct trains to western Gansu and various types of originating and through Ürümqi, and further connections to other passenger trains. points in Xinjiang and to Kazakhstan) Future high speed train services to east to Lanqing Railway to the west and southwest, Xi'an and west to Urumqi, currently under with direct service to and Lhasa construction, will bypass this station via a A line to the north and northeast, with direct tunnel to Lanzhou West Railway Station, 8km service to and Baotou to the west. 14 , founded in 1909, (simplified Chinese: 兰州大学; traditional Although the old dormitory buildings were in Chinese: 蘭州大學; pinyin: LánzhōuDàxué) is a disrepair, the campus is undergoing an major research university located in Lanzhou, overhaul of its image. New dormitories are Gansu Province, China. It is one of the key being built, with some finished already. Lanzhou University employs instructors from universities under Ministry of Education, outside China in foreign languages (e.g. China(Project 985 & Project 211). It is also the English, Russian and Japanese) and in best comprehensive university in northwest of physics, as well as frequently inviting guest China. It provides programs for undergraduate, lecturers from a variety of fields. It also has a graduate students on four campuses‐‐three in popular Friday gathering within the gardens Lanzhou city centre and one in Yuzhong (榆中), of the university to allow students to which is about 30 miles away from the main practice their English language skills. Non‐ campus. Total enrollment is approximately university students are generally allowed to 20,000. Undergraduate students study at the attend such gatherings. Yuzhong campus. There are 6 National Bases for the Training of Researching and Teaching Other public institutions Northwest Nationalities University (西北民族大学) personnel for Fundamental Disciplines. The Eastern Gansu University (陇东学院) University operates an additional 35 institutes Gansu Institute of Political Science and Law along with 1 national key Laboratory of the Northwest Normal University founded 1902 Lanzhou University of Technology founded 1919 Applied Organic and 3 key laboratories of Arid Lanzhou Jiaotong University founded 1958 and Grassland Ecology, West China Lanzhou City University founded 1958 Environment, Magnetism and Magnetic Gansu Agricultural University founded 1958 Lanzhou Medical College (Lanzhou Medical Institute) Materials of the Ministry of Education, a key Gansu College of Traditional Chinese Medicine laboratory of Grassland Agro‐ecosystem of the Lanzhou Commercial College (Lanzhou Business Ministry of Agriculture. Lanzhou University was Institute) Gansu Political Science and Law Institute one of the first universities entitled to enroll Lanzhou Niuroumian Cultural Research Institute Bachelor Master’s and Doctoral degree Tianshui Normal University (天水师范学院) candidates in 1981. Lanzhou University is one Gansu Lianhe University (甘肃联合大学) of the top ten universities in contributions to Health Care academic publications in international journals Lanzhou Heavy Ion Cancer Treatment frequently cited by ongoing research from Center, joint venture by Sheng De Group, around the world. the city government and Chinese Academy Lanzhou University had formerly been one of of Sciences' Institution of Modern Physics China's premier institutions of higher learning According to the provincial health bureau, with its position as the best university in about 42,000 people die of cancer every Northwestern China. year in Gansu, accounting for 25 percent of Lanzhou University maintains one of China's the province's overall deaths. More than 1 billion yuan (146 million U.S. dollars) is spent top ten Ph.D. programs in physics, chemistry, annually on treating cancer in the province. and geography and highly‐ranked programs in information science, biology, botany, mathematics, history, media, ecology and Places of interest Xiguan Mosque after a Chinese literature. Friday Prayer Lanzhou University's main campus is a ten Gansu Provincial Museum minute walk from Lanzhou Train Station. Parts Wuquan Mountain of the campus are considered aesthetically Baita Mountain pleasing, particularly in comparison to the rest Xinglong Mountain of highly‐industrialized Lanzhou, with a small Lutusi ancient government 15 park and man‐made pond. Primary Laboratories Lanzhou University has three primary laboratories and analytical testing facility sanctioned by the Chinese Ministry of Education and deemed as high importance to the state.

Laboratory of Arid Agroecology The laboratory was founded in 1991 under ratification of the Planning Commission of China and engaged in arid agriculture ecology research. The Laboratory of Arid The laboratory is equipped with major Agroecology is the only lab engaged in arid facilities including a vibrating sample agriculture ecology research under the Chinese magnetometer, high pressure mossbauer Ministry of Education. The lab has been highly spectroscope and magnetron sputtering developed on the basis of the authorization to system, along with many others. The lab confer bachelor, masters, doctorate and post‐ also serves as a key resource for research doctoral degrees through the financial aid of in materials science and condensed matter the World Bank loan. physics. Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry The laboratory has 24 professional The Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry researchers and technicians, among who was one of the first state key laboratories are 4 doctoral advisers. ratified by Planning Commission of China. It Analytical Testing Center was founded in December 1987, open to Financed by the first loan issued by the visiting scholars and scientists from both within World Bank to develop universities, China and abroad. It is one primary laboratories construction on this center began in 1982. to cultivate talents for organic chemistry. The It contains more than 20 major researches of the laboratory focus on organic instruments and devices including a High‐ molecular chemistry of special function, Resolution Mass Spectrometer, Infrared especially in the field of basic research on Spectrometer, X‐Ray Quadrupole active organic molecules. Diffractometer, Laser Raman Spectrometer, Open Laboratory of Applied Magnetism FT‐IR Spectrometer, and others. The center Created in 1993 by the Chinese Ministry of is primarily engaged in the determination Education, this is an open laboratory and analysis of the structure of matter. It conducting research in the field of Applied also conducts graduate students’ Magnetism. The lab is chiefly engaged in experiments which leads to the conferring studies on applications of perpendicular of Master’s and Ph.D. degrees. A testing magnetic recording. The laboratory also service is available to the public. conducts research and development on new Established by the State Technology applied magnetic materials which can be used Superintendency in 1992, it is the for commercial applications. Mossbauer approved lab for the inspection of spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resource spin imported and exported chemical and echo spectroscopy and general magnetic mining products. testing media are used to study magnetic Wikipedia materials’ microscopic structure and general 16 magnetic behavior. Motto ;‐) 自强不息，独树一帜 Motto in English Be diligent, be realistic, be enterprising. Established 1909 Type national key university of P.R .C h i n a Project 985 & Project 211 President Zhou Xuhong 周绪红 Academic staff 1,758 Admin. staff 2,444 Undergraduates 19,756 Postgraduates 6,921 Location Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China [1][2] Colors Blue Black Nickname 兰大 LanDa Website http://www.lzu.edu.cn

Gansu (simplified Chinese: 甘肃;traditional The southwestern corner of Gansu is Chinese: 甘肅;pinyin:Gānsù; Wade–Giles: home to a large ethnic Kan‐su, Kansu, Kan‐suh) is aprovinceof Tibetan population. the People's Republic of China, located in The capital is Lanzhou, located in the the northwest of the country. southeast part of the province. Gansu is It lies between abbreviated as "甘" (Gān) or "陇" (Lǒng), the Tibetan and Huangtu plateaus, and and is also known as Long West or Long borders Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, Right, in reference to the Long and to the north, Mountain east of Gansu. Xinjiang and Qinghai to the west, Sichuan to History the south, and Shaanxi to the east. The Yellow River passes through the southern Jiayuguan Fort part of the province. Gansu is a compound name first used in Gansu has a population of 26 million (2009) Song Dynasty China, of two Sui and Tang and has a large concentration of Hui Chinese, Dynasty prefectures (州): Gan (around and the historical home, along Zhangye) and Su (around Jiuquan). with Shaanxi of the dialect of the Dungans, who are Hui who migrated to Central Asia. 17 The ruins of a Han Dynasty (202 BC ‐ 220 AD) By the Qingshui treaty, concluded in 823 Chinese watchtower made of rammed earth between the Tibetan Empire and the Tang at Dunhuang, Gansu province, the eastern Dynasty, China lost for a long while the whole edge of the Silk Road Gansu province.[5] In prehistoric times, Gansu was host to a After the fall of the Uyghur Empire, an Uyghur number of Neolithic cultures. The Dadiwan state was established in Gansu that lasted culture, from where numerous from 848 to 1036 AD. During that time, many archaeologically significant artifacts have of Gansu's residents converted to Islam. been excavated, flourished in the eastern end Situated along the Silk Road, Gansu was an of Gansu from about 6000 BC to about 3000 economically important province, and a BC .[1] The Majiayao culture (馬家窯文化) cultural transmission path as well. Temples and part of the Qijia culture (齊家文化) also and Buddhist grottoes [6] such as those at took root in Gansu from 3100 BC to 2700 BC ('Caves of the Thousand and 2400 BC to 1900 BC respectively. Buddhas') and Maijishan Caves contain artistically and historically revealing murals.[7] The Yuezhi originally lived in this area until An early form of paper inscribed with Chinese they were forced to emigrate by the Xiongnu characters and dating to about 8 BC was around 177 BCE. The Qin state (秦), later to discovered at the site of a Western Han become the founding state of the Chinese garrison near the Yumen pass in August 2006 empire, grew out from the southeastern part [8] of Gansu, specifically the Tianshui (天水) area. The Qin name itself is believed to have The province was also the origin of the originated, in part, from the area.[2][3] Qin Muslim Rebellion of 1862‐77, which later tombs and artifacts have been excavated from spread to much of China and resulted in the Fangmatan near Tianshui, including one 2200‐ deaths of upwards of twelve million Chinese year‐old map of Guixian County .[4] Muslims[9] in addition to the decimation of Chinese Muslim culture in Yunnan province, In imperial times, Gansu was an important where over one million Muslims were killed strategic outpost and communications link for by Qing forces.[10] Among the Qing forces the Chinese empire, as the Hexi corridor (河 were Muslim Generals like Ma Zhan'ao and 西走廊) runs along the "neck" of the Ma Anliang who helped Qing crush the rebel province. The Han dynasty extended the Muslims. The Dungan revolt (1895–1896) Great Wall across this corridor, also building spread into this province from Qinghai. the strategic Yumenguan (Jade Gate Pass, Its frequent earthquakes, droughts and near Dunhuang) and Yangguan (阳关) fort famines have tended to slow its economic towns along it. Remains of the wall and the progress, until recently when based on its towns can be found there to this date. The abundant mineral resources it has begun Ming dynasty also built the Jiayuguan outpost developing into a vital industrial center. An in Gansu. To the west of Yumenguan and the earthquake in Gansu at 8.6 on the Richter Qilian Mountains, at the northwestern end of scale killed around 180,000 people in 1920, the province, the Yuezhi, Wusun, and other and another with a magnitude of 7.6 killed nomadic tribes dwelt (Shiji 123), occasionally 275 in 1932.[11] figuring in regional imperial Chinese geopolitics. 18 Muslim General Ma Hongbin was acting summers and cold to very cold winters. Most of Chairman of the province, and Muslim General the precipitation is delivered in the summer Ma Buqing was in virtual control of Gansu in months. 1940. in Wuwei was However,due to its extreme altitude and previously his headquarters in Gansu, where remoteness, some areas of Gansu exhibit the he controlled 15 million Muslims.[12] Subarctic Climate ‐ with winter temperatures [edit]Geography dropping to ‐40. Economy Semi‐arid land, suitable for light grazing The Yellow River in Lanzhou seen from the park Gansu has an area of 454,000 square of the White Pagoda. kilometres (175,000 sq mi), and the vast Agricultural production includes cotton, linseed majority of its land is more than 1,000 metres oil, maize, melons (such as the honeydew melon, (3,300 ft) above sea level. It lies between the known locally as the Bailan melon or "Wallace" Tibetan Plateau and the , due to its introduction by US vice president bordering Mongolia (Govi‐Altai Province) to Henry A. Wallace),[16] millet, and wheat. Gansu the northwest, Inner Mongolia and Ningxia to is known as a source for wild medicinal herbs the north, Shaanxi to the east, Sichuan to the which are used in Chinese medicine. south, and Xinjiang to the west. The Yellow However, most of Gansu's economy is based on River passes through the southern part of the mining and the extraction of minerals, especially province. The province contains the rare earth elements. The province has significant geographical centre of China, marked by the deposits of antimony, chromium, coal, cobalt, Center of the Country Monument at copper, fluorite, gypsum, iridium, iron, lead, 35°50′40.9″N 103°27′7.5″E.[13] limestone, mercury, mirabilite, nickel, crude oil, Part of the Gobi Desert is located in Gansu, as platinum, troilite, tungsten, and zinc among well as small parts of the Badain Jaran Desert others. The oil fields at Yumen and Changqing are and Tengger Desert. considered significant. Gansu has China's largest nickel deposits The Yellow River gets most of its water from accounting for over 90% of China's total nickel Gansu. The Yellow River also flows straight reserves.[17] through Lanzhou. Area around Wuwei is part Industries other than mining include electricity of Shiyang River Basin.[14] generation, petrochemicals, oil exploration The landscape in Gansu is very mountainous in machinery, and building materials. the south and flat in the north. The mountains According to some sources, the province is also a in the south are part of the Qilian Mountains, center of China's nuclear industry. which contains the province's highest point, at 5,547 metres (18,199 ft) (39°12′12.0″N Despite recent growth in Gansu and the booming 98°32′38.1″E). economy in the rest of China, Gansu is still A natural land passage known as Hexi Corridor, considered to be one of the poorest provinces in stretching some 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) China. Its nominal GDP for 2011 was about 502.0 from Lanzhou to the Jade Gate, is situated billion yuan (79.69 billion USD) and per capita of within the province. It is bound from north by 12,836 RMB (1,879 USD). Tourism has been a the Gobi Desert and Qilian Mountains from bright spot in contributing to Gansu's overall the south. economy. Gansu generally has a semi‐arid to arid, As mentioned below, Gansu offers a wide variety continental climate, with warm to hot of choices for national and international tourists. 19 As stipulated in the country's 12th Five Year Dongxiang, Tu, Manchu, Uyghur, Yugur, Bonan, Plan, the local government of Gansu hopes Mongolian, Salar, and Kazakh minorities. Prior to to grow the provinces GDP by 10% annually the Panthay Rebellion (also Muslim Rebellion), by focusing investments on five pillar Gansu province had a large community of industries: renewable energy, coal, Chinese Hui Muslims, which was almost chemicals, nonferrous metals, completely decimated by Qing authorities. pharmaceuticals and services.[18] [edit]Economic and technological Languages development zones Most of the inhabitants of Gansu speak dialects Lanzhou National Economic and of Northern Mandarin Chinese. On the border Technological Development Zone areas of Gansu one might encounter Tu, Amdo Tibetan, Mongolian, and the Kazakh language. Lanzhou Economic & Technology Most of the minorities also speak Chinese. Development Zone was established in [edit]Culture 1993, located in the center of Lanzhou Sheep grazing beside a main road near Jiuquan . The zone has a planned The cuisine of Gansu is based on the staple area of 9.53 square kilometers. 17 colleges, crops grown there: wheat, barley, millet, beans, 11 scientific research institutions, 21 large and sweet potatoes. Within China, Gansu is and medium‐size companines and other known for its lamian (pulled noodles), and 1735 enterprises have been set up in the Muslim restaurants which feature authentic zone. Main industries include textile mills, Gansu cuisine. rubber, fertilizer plants, oil refinery, petrochemical, machinery, and Religion metallurgical industry.[19] Muslim restaurants are known as "qingzhen Lanzhou New & Hi‐Tech Industrial restaurants" ("pure truths (Islamic) Development Zone, Lanzhou Hi‐Tech restaurants"), and feature typical Chinese Industrial Development Zone, one of the dishes, but without any pork products, and first 27 national hi‐tech industrial instead an emphasis on lamb and mutton. There development zones, was established in was a Dungan revolt from 1895 to 1896. The 1998 covering more than 10 square Muslim Conflict in Gansu (1927–1930) was a kilometers. It is expected to expand conflict against the Guominjun. Kuomintang another 19 square kilometers. The zone Islamic insurgency in China (1950–1958) was a mainly focuses on Biotechnology, chemical prolongation of the Chinese Civil War. Gansu has industry, building decoration materials and many works of , including the information technology.[20] . Dunhuang was a major [edit]Major business enterprises centre of Buddhism in the Middle Ages. Many new business enterprises have been started in Gansu. Among the largest is Silk Route Museum Yasheng Group, with over 15,000 The Silk Route Museum is located in Gansu employees.[21][22] Province, and has over 100,000 square feet (9,300 m2) of exhibition space. On the streets of Linxia [edit]The Jiayuguan Pass of the Great Wall Gansu province is home to 30,711,287 Main article: Jiayuguan Pass people. Most of the population, 73%, is still rural. Gansu is 92% Han and also has Hui, 20 Tibetan, Jiayuguan Pass, in , is the largest The historic Silk Road starts in Chang'an and goes and most intact pass, or entrance, of the to Constantinople. On the way merchants would Great Wall. Jiayuguan Pass was built in the go to Dunhuang in Gansu. In Dunhuang they early Ming dynasty, somewhere around the would get fresh camels, food and guards for the year 1372. It was built near an oasis that was journey around the dangerous Taklamakan Desert. then on the extreme western edge of China. Before departing Dunhuang they would pray to Jiayuguan Pass was the first pass on the west the Mogao Grottoes for a safe journey, if they end of the great wall so it earned the name came back alive they would thank the gods at the “The First And Greatest Pass Under Heaven.” grottoes. Across the desert they would form a train of camels to protect themselves from An extra brick is said to rest on a ledge over thieving bandits. The next stop, Kashi (Kashgar), one of the gates. One legend holds that the was a welcome sight to the merchants. At Kashi official in charge asked the designer to most would trade and go back and the ones who calculate how many bricks would be used. stayed would eat fruit and trade their Bactrian The designer gave him the number and when camels for single humped ones. After Kashi they the project was finished, only one brick was would keep going until they reached their next left. It was put on the top of the pass as a destination. symbol of commemoration. Another account Located about 5 km southwest of the city, the holds that the building project was assigned Crescent Lake or Yueyaquan is an oasis and to a military manager and an architect. The popular spot for tourists seeking respite from the architect presented the manager with a heat of the desert. Activities includes camel and requisition for the total number of bricks that 4x4 rides. he would need. When the manager found out Bingling Temple that the architect had not asked for any extra Bingling Temple, or Bingling Grottoes, is a bricks, he demanded that the architect make Buddhist cave complex in a canyon along the some provision for unforeseen Yellow River. Begun in 420 AD during the Western circumstances. The architect, taking this as an Jin Dynasty, the site contains dozens of caves and insult to his planning ability, added a single caverns filled with outstanding examples of extra brick to the request. When the gate was carvings, sculpture, and frescoes. The great finished, the single extra brick was, in fact, Buddha is more than 27 meters tall and extra and was left on the ledge over the gate. is similar in style to the great Buddhas that once [edit]Mogao Grottoes lined the cliffs of Bamiyan, . Access to The Mogao Grottoes near Dunhuang have a the site is by boat from Yongjing in the summer or collection of Buddhist art. Originally there fall. There is no other access point. were a thousand grottoes, but now only 492 [edit] cave temples remain. Each temple has a large Labrang Tashikyil Monastery is located in Xiahe statue of a buddha or and County, Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, paintings of religious scenes. In 336 AD, a located in the southern part of Gansu, and part of monk named Le Zun (Lo‐tsun) came near the traditional Tibetan province of Amdo. It is one Echoing Sand Mountain, when he had a of the six major monasteries of the Gelukpa vision. He started to carve the first grotto. tradition of in Tibet, and the During the Five Dynasties period they ran out most important one in Amdo. Built in 1710, it is of room on the cliff and could not build any headed by the Jamyang‐zhaypa. It has 6 dratsang more grottoes. (colleges), and houses over sixty thousand [edit]Silk Road and Dunhuang CityA terracotta religious texts and other works of literature as warrior from Gansu, with traces of well as other cultural artifacts. polychrome and gold, from the Tang Dynasty Wikipedia 2013 21 (618–907) Gansu provinsen med provinshovedstaden Lanzhou

22 Provinshovedstaden Lanzhou

23 Hotellet i Lanzhou

24 Hotellet i Lanzhou

25 Beijing (Vores hotel ved B)

200 m Undgå at blive snydt! Selvom størstedelen af varerne på markeder som Her var man ved at gøre klar til 1. Oktober‐festen, Silkemarkedet i Beijing ikke er ægte er der alligevel som er en kæmpe begivenhed iKina. Her fejrer man, mange turister der tager et smut derhen. Dog at det netop var på denne dag i 1949, at Mao ender mange med at betale en meget høj pris for proklamerede fødslen af den kinesiske folkerepublik knap så gode varer. Den gyldne tommelfinger regel –og det skete selvfølgelig på ”Pladsen” lige midt i med 50% af sælgerens salgspris er slet ikke nok, Beijing. Der var ved at blive pyntet op med enorme hvis man tager på disse markeder! Jeg har oplevet mængder af blomster –samt en kopi at Dalei ´s at ville købe en 'Haglofs' regnjakke med fleece‐ tempel i Tibet samt en miniatureudgave af den nye jakke indeni. Startprisen var 3500 Yuan og jeg dæmning over ”De Tre Kløfter”. endte med at betale 125 Yuan (100 DKK). Jeg er sikker på det stadig var en god pris for sælgeren for Beijing ‐ Den Forbudte By han opfordrede mig til at komme tilbage igen! Her Om Lørdagen skulle vi i ”Den Forbudte By” samt i er nogle priseksempler som forhåbentlig kan ”Sommerpaladset”. Det var fantastisk at opleve ”Den hjælpe andre. Alle er i Kinesiske Yuan (Kuai) Forbudte By”, også selvom de var ved at restaurere Dametasker: 150 Regnjakker: 125‐175 Fleece en stor del af de gamle paladser. Vi fik alligevel et jakker: 125‐150 Converse sko: 50‐75 5 Ralph godt indtryk at, hvordan det har været at være kejser Lauren Polo t‐shirts: 125 Grøn jade armbånd: 250 i Kina. Og den sidste kejser (Pu Yi) i dette Hættetrøjer: 80‐100 Jeg håber det giver lidt kæmpeland, kom til tronen, da han var blot tre år vejledning til prisniveauet. Hvis startprisen er flere gammel. Han blev afsat da han var seks år gammel hundrede Yuan eller endda tusinde, så er der et (omkring 1915), og så genindsatte japanerne ham, eller andet galt! da de besatte Kina under den anden verdenskrig. Da krigen var forbi, blev Pu Yi fængslet. Han sad Lokale markeder indespærret i 10 år –og endte sine dage som gartner Sjovt nok ser man aldrig lokale kineser på disse i Beijing såmænd. markeder. De gider simpelthen ikke at handler her. Beijing ‐ Sommerpaladset Mange kineser tager til Xidan som er et stort ”Sommerpaladset” var kejserens sommerresidens. shopping område med 8‐10 kæmpe store shopping Her tog han ud og nød sommeren med hele sit følge centre. For dem der virkelig har mod på at komme af koner, konkubiner, embedsmænd og ikke mindst ud at handle med de lokale kan jeg stærkt anbefale eunukkerne. Eunukkerne var de eneste Xizhimen, som ligger næsten lige overfor Beijing ”mandspersoner”, som måtte omgås kejserens Zoo. Her bliver der handlet 2. sorterings kvindelige bekendtskaber. Men de kunne jo heller mærkevarer tøj, tasker, sko etc. til den store ikke gøre megen skade, da de opbevarede deres guldmedalje. Varerne er af meget høj kvalitet og manddom i en lille dåse. En eunuk ville begraves som det er ikke nødvendigt at 'prutte' om prisen. En ”en hel mand”, derfor blev manddommen gemt! Quiksilver t‐shirt koster f.eks. 20‐25 Kuai. Hvis der Med hensyn til konkubinerne så var kejseren af Kina er nogle der er interesset så skriv lige en sædvanligvis en travl mand. Det var derfor ikke kommentar, så skal jeg gerne oplyse hvordan I unormalt, at han kun ”besøgte” en konkubine én kommer derhen :) God handel! gang i hendes liv. Så skønt må det være, når man har flere hundrede elskerinder at vælge imellem… Beijing ‐ Den Himmelske Freds Plads Vi ankom til Beijing Fredag ved middagstid efter små 15 timers rejsetid. Vi blev straks kørt til vort fornemme 4‐stjernede hotel midt i byen. Her fik vi en time til at pakke ud, og så skulle vi ellers på den første sightseeingtur i en af verdens største byer. Vi blev kørt en tur ind på ”Den Himmelske Freds Plads”.

27 Beijing ‐ på byrundtur Tirsdag havde vi ”fri”. Vi hyrede derfor vor chauffør med minibus, hvorefter vi blev kørt rundt i Beijing. Vi var bl.a. i Zoo og se Panda‐bjørne. Der eksisterer ikke mere end godt 1200 Panda‐bjørne, hvoraf de 200 lever i fangenskab. Man prøver at opbygge en ny bestand; men det går langsomt, da en Panda‐mor kun er i stand til at opfostre en unge af gangen. Får hun to unger, afstøder hun sædvanligvis den ene. Herefter var vi på to forskellige markeder (elektronik og tøj m.v.). Inde Beijing ‐ Hutong på tøjmarkedet blev der pruttet om ALLE priser. Et Efterfølgende var vi en tur i gamle sted havde en temmelig stor amerikaner afgivet et bydel Hutong. Hutong betyder ”snæver tilbud på en t‐shirt. Sælgeren, en lille spinkel gade”. Der er cirka 900 ”snævre gader” kinesisk pige, mente ikke tilbuddet var helt godt tilbage i Beijing –og de er nu fredede. Vi var nok. Amerikaneren vendte sig om for at gå – hun inde og så et privat hjem samt på besøg i en greb fat i hans trøje, som pludseligt blev dobbelt børnehave. Begge dele var vældigt så stor, og amerikaneren på det nærmeste lå hen interessante. Og så var der det der med af gulvet. Scenariet var urkomisk –og alle skreg af børnehaven: Kineserne afleverer deres barn grin. Vi pruttede os til en god pris på tre jakker. Mandag morgen –og henter den lille igen Prisen startede ved kr. 2.700 pr. styk –for at ende i Fredag eftermiddag. I byområderne hersker kr. 510 for alle tre. Sælgeren kunne ikke give der ”enbarnspolitik”. Man ønsker på denne tilbage – hun pakkede jakkerne ind, gav os dem, måde at begrænse befolkningstilvæksten. På og løb efter byttepenge. Vi stod stadig med landet må man gerne få flere børn – lige betalingen i hånden –det er tillid –det er også indtil man får en søn, så er punktummet sat Kina. Sådan er stemningen bare på disse for den fornøjelse. markeder. Beijing ‐ Himlens Tempel Den Kinesiske Mur Mandag var vi på besøg i ”Himlens Tempel” Søndag kom så den store udflugt til ”Den Kinesiske samt et buddhistisk/tibetansk tempel. Mur”. Den kaldes også ”Muren For Fred”, da den Spændende at se og høre lidt om blev bygget for at holde mongolerne ude af Kina. buddhismen samt ikke mindst at opleve livet i Muren er næsten 6.500 kilometer lang. Den parken omkring Himlens Tempel. Her dyrkede starter helt ude ved Det Gule Hav og ender et godt byens pensionister motion – eksempelvis stykke oppe i Gobi Ørkenen. Omkring Beijing er dans klokken 9 om morgenen samt Tai‐Tchi Muren faktisk tre‐dobbelt. Byggeriet startede for (som ligner en mellemting mellem gymnastik omkring 2000 år siden; men Muren som den ser og yoga). I Kina kan kvinderne blive ud i dag stammer tilbage fra cirka år 1400. Det er pensionerede som 55 årige, mens mændene et fantastisk bygningsværk med stigninger på op til må vente til de bliver 60. Det var fantastisk at 75% (tæt på lodret). Vi gik på et stykke som nok se, hvor smidige disse ældre kinesere var –og svarede til cirka en kilometer. Det var lidt hårdt for ikke mindst at opleve den ro og harmoni, bentøjet, da stigningerne var voldsomme og som omgav dem, mens de nød livet i al dets fodfæstet ikke altid lige godt. Dertil kom, at der enkelthed. Det kunne vi andre nok godt lære selvfølgelig var masser af mennesker og ikke lidt af. mindst sælgere af alle mulige former for FDM travel souvenirs. 28 Praktiske forhold ‐ Restauranter: I rejsehåndbøger kan du læse, at du kan få serveret kinesisk mad for kr 10‐50, Valuta, kontanter og kreditkort Kursen og at fastfood koster ca. kr. 20. Og rigtigt, du på CNY har i en årrække ligget nogenlunde kan få "serveret" kinesisk mad for kr. 10‐20, fast på omkring 70/80 ved henholdsvis men det er steder, som du som almindelig salg og køb af CNY, men i kølvandet på dansk førstegangsturist i Kina, næppe vil den økonomiske krise, har der været en besøge. del udsving, så kursen er nu oppe i En god skål nudelsuppe kan du sagtens få for nærheden af 80/90. kr. 20, hvis du går ind i en af de mange små I rejsehåndbøger og på nettet står der lokale spisesteder, men du vil vel næppe spise ofte, at du kun kan veksle til/fra CNY i nudelsuppe hele ferien. Kina. Det er ikke rigtigt. Du kan købe og Vil du have et typisk kinesisk måltid med flere sælge CNY i din lokale bank, og du kan små lækkerier på en mellemklasse restaurant, også købe/sælge CNY i lufthavnen i så vær klar til at betale 80 ‐ 120 kr. for maden. Kastrup. Te og vand var før i tiden altid gratis, men flere Det kan ofte betale sig at bruge kreditkort og flere restauranter er nu begyndt at tage i Kina ‐ både til at hæve de nødvendige betaling for te. kontanter, og til at betale regninger, da kursen oftest er bedre end almindelig ‐ Te‐huse: Der findes stadig mange te‐huse i bankkurs. Kina, hvor de oftest serverer rigtig god te. Mange kreditkort tilbyder nu, at du kan Uanset om du går ind i et fint te‐hus og handle i DKK, når kortet bruges i udlandet. oplever den traditionelle te‐ceremoni, eller om Fordelen er, at du så kender prisen. du går ind i et te‐hus i en park, hvor du får et Ulempen er, at det kan være til en glas med te og en termokande med varmt dårligere kurs. vand til at fylde efter med, så er det en Der er ingen problemer med at hæve oplevelse, som du sikkert sent vil glemme. kontanter på kreditkort i Kina. I alle Hvis du køber en te‐ceremoni i et af de fine te‐ storbyer er det let at finde huse, så kommer du typisk til at smage 4 ‐ 6 pengeautomater (ATM), men indimellem forskellige udsøgte slags te serveret i små fine kan det være lidt besværligt at bruge te‐skåle af glas. Det er en hyggelig og for de danske kreditkort, når man skal betale på fleste også en sjov oplevelse, og efter hotel og i forretninger, for personalet er ceremonien kan du købe din ynglingste i den ofte meget nervøse for, at kortene er tilstødende forretning. falske eller stjålne. De skal ofte først ringe I mange parker findes der et te‐hus, der kan til en bank, der så igen ringer til en variere fra et fint sted, hvor teen skænkes fra europæisk bank, hvorefter de ringer en kande op i fine små kopper, og til mere tilbage til butikken/hotellet. Når det er på enkle steder, hvor de lokale mænd sidder og plads, er det lidt forsklligt, om man skal spiller kort eller brætspil, hvor teen skænkes i indtaste PIN koden (som de alle steder store glas, og hvor du får en stor termokande kalder "Password"), men man skal i med varmt vand, så du selv kan fylde nyt vand næsten alle tilfælde underskrive slippen. på din te. Selv bruger jeg MasterCard og Diners Club til det mest, og jeg handler næsten altid i lokal valuta, når jeg bruger kort. Drikkepenge: Du kan ofte læse i håndbøger, I holder naturligvis fast i, at guiden skal være at drikkepenge ikke forventes i Kina ‐ hverken med, og at I betaler. Udover at det er det af taxichauffører, guider, på restauranter eller eneste anstændige at gøre, så giver det også andre steder. Det kunne let give det indtryk, en mulighed for at komme til at snakke lidt at drikkepenge overhoved ikke forventes i mere privat med guiden, hvilket kan lede Kina, men min erfaring er, at det stort set kun bedre indsigt i de lokale forhold og i nogle gælder for taxi og de billigste lokale tilfælde til spændende nye oplevelser. spisesteder. På en individuel shopping og/eller sightseeing Mange servicemedarbejderes løn er så lav, at tur med egen guide, ville guiden forvente de ikke kan leve af den. Drikkepenge er noget mere afhængighed af arrangementets derfor en meget væsentlig del af deres varighed. Hvis den individuelle tur er købt indtægt, så giv altid lidt, selvom de ikke gennem et bureau, forventes det, at du som forventer det. minimum giver guiden nogle hundrede, men Hvor meget gi'r man så? Vurder selv det er ikke ualmindeligt, at en god guide får et drikkepengene i forhold til ydelsens pris og par tusinde, hvis gæsten altså er fra Tyskland. varighed. Ud over det, så anses det for meget uhøfligt På lidt pænere restauranter vil det være ok at ikke at invitere guiden med, hvis man skal lade småpengene ligge. Giv piccoloen en lille have noget at spise eller drikke. De fleste seddel for at bringe bagagen op til værelset, guider vil sige, at det behøver du ikke, men og han vil give ekstra service med et stort udover at det er det eneste anstændige at smil resten af dit ophold. gøre, så giver det også en mulighed for at Drikkepenge til turguider og chauffører er lidt komme til at snakke lidt mere privat med speciel, da ders indtægt stort set guiden, hvilket kan lede bedre indsigt i de udelukkende kommer fra drikkepenge og fra lokale forhold og i nogle tilfælde til bonus i de forretninger, hvor deres kunder spændende nye oplevelser. køber varer. Blandt guider i Kina, er danskerne desværre Offentlige toiletter> (公共)厕所: I ikke i særlig høj kurs. Vi opfattes som turistområderne kan man ofte klare sig med at brovtne, uhøflige og meget nærige! Tyskerne spørge efter toilet, men man skal ikke langt de vestlige turister, som guiderne helst viser væk, før det ikke er nok. Her er det godt at rundt. De er venlige, viser respekt og vide, hvad et toilet hedder. På kinesisk hedder påskønner guidens arbejde, ved at give gode et offentligt toilet Gōnggòng Cèsuǒ. Det går drikkepenge. fint at udtale det som gong gong tshø suo ‐ Hvis du har været på en lidt længere guided eller bare tsøh suo. Forstår de det ikke første tur eller en rundvisning i et større selskab, gang, så prøv bare igen ‐ eventuelt ville jeg mene, at 20 ‐ 50 RMB er passende ‐ underbygget af lidt "tegnsprog". afhængig af gruppens størrelse guidens Du kan langt hen ad vejen klare dig i Kina uden indsats. at kende de kinesiske tegn, men det er godt at Ved mange seværdigheder er der guider, der vide, at der på herretoiletterne står 男 (Nán) tilbyder at vise dig rundt. Her gælder det, at I og på dametoiletterne står der 女 (Nǚ). Der er aftaler en fast pris inden rundvisningen. Der et par andre ting, som det også er godt at forventes ikke drikkepenge, men hvis I går ind være opmærksom på, når du skal på offentlige et sted for at spise eller drikke, forventes det, toiletter i Kina. at I betaler for guiden. Nogle guider siger, at det behøver I ikke, og nogle siger, at de bare venter udenfor, til I er færdige, men I storbyerne betaler man ofte 1 eller 2 RMB, Taxi: Det er billigt at køre i taxi ( 出租汽车 og har ud ikke selv papir med, så husk at (ChuZu QiChe) eller 打的 (DaDi)) i Kina. I 2010 bede om det, når du går ind. Oftest får man koster det i Shangha om dagen 12 CNY for de kun ét eller to små stykker. første tre km og 2 CNY for hver efterfølgende I turistområderne og på hotelelrne er der km ‐ lidt mere om natten. Alle officielle taxier for det meste almindelige toiletter, om vi kører efter taxameter. Bliver det ikke slået til, kender det hjemmefra, men mange steder så bed chaufføren om at gøre det. Brug bare udenfor disse områder er toiletterne blot et fagter. Peg på taxameteret og sig "fa piao" hul i gulvet. (åbent "a" som i "andre" i begge ord), så bliver Man sætter sig på hug og sigter bedst muligt det slået til ;o) efter hullet i gulvet, uden at ramme sko, Der kan være stor forskel på de enkelte taxiers strømper eller bukser. Er man heldig, er der kvalitet og renlighed, men de fleste officielle en dør, man kan lukke, men ofte er det bare taxier er ok. De blå har det bedste ry, og de en bås, og kineserne opfatter det ikke som mørkerøde har det dårligste. uhøfligt at se på. De er jo bare lidt I anledning af EXPO 2010, så er der nu nysgerrige efter at se, hvordan denne kommet helt nye og større taxier på gaden. De udlænding klarer sig. Til sidst skal man på er hvide og grønne, og bører logoet for Expo den type toiletter huske, at det brugte papir 2010. De er væsentligt mere behagelige end skal i kurven ‐ ikke i toilettet. de almindelige taxaer, og så er de eneste Ulækkert? Det kan det blive, men det er taxier, der må køre ind på Expo området. også en oplevelse, som man kan grine Opfører chaufføren sig ikke korrekt, kan man meget af, når man er kommet hjem. nægte at betale for turen. Reglerne står på plasticskærmen bag chaufføren, hvor der også Togrejser: Maglev er måske dit første møde er et telefonnummer som udlændinge kan med togrejser i Kina, men før eller siden får ringe til,hvis de har problemer af en eller du mulighed for at rejse med tog mellem anden art med chaufføren. forskellige byer i landet, og jeg vil absolut Du kan stoppe en taxi på gaden, men du kan anbefale, at du prøver det, når lejligheden også ringe efter en. byder sig. Togrejser i Kina kan være en Da taxichauffører stadig (2010) er relativt godt prøvelse, hvis man rejser på billigste klasse lønnede i forhold til de fleste andre servicefag, med et overfyldt bumletog, og det kan være så forventes det ikke, at du giver drikkepenge. rimeligt behageligt, hvis man hygger sig i en Kun få taxichauffører taler engelsk, og selvom blød køje. Har du travlt, og har du behov for det var målet, at alle taxichauffører skal kunne at arbejde undervejs, så vælger du et af engelsk inden EXPO 2010, så har jeg netop i hurtigtogene, der på de fleste strækninger 2010 erfareter, at det stadig kun er ganske få, kører ca. 250 km/t. Ud over togets der reelt vil være i stand til at forstå navne på hastighed og afstanden, der skal køres, så hoteller, parker, centre og gader, hvis det ikke varierer priserne også efter den komfort, siges eller som du vælger. Hårde sæder er meget billige, bløde sæder koster lidt mere, hårde senge koster igen lidt mere og bløde senge er de dyrest, men selv billetter til bløde senge kan købes til en rimelig pris. Togrejser og billetkøb er et helt kapitel for sig selv, så det kommer der mere om, når jeg lige får nedfældet mine og andres erfaringer. skrives på kinesisk. Vil du være sikker på at Det er let at finde rundt i metroen, men man komme hurtigt frem, så få receptionen på ser jo mere i en bus, så udenfor myldretiderne hotellet, konferencecenteret eller hvor du nu oplever man lidt mere, når man tager bussen. er, til at skrive adressen du skal til ned på en At tage en bus er let, hvis man ved, hvilken bus, seddel, som du kan vise chaufføren. man skal tage, og man kender stedet, hvor man Hvis du har nummeret til den person eller det skal af. Lidt sværere bliver det, hvis man skal sted, som du skal køres til, så kan du ringe skifte bus og måske ikke er helt sikker på, hvor vedkommende op og give telefonen til man skal af, men hvis man har en seddel med chaufføren, der så kan få kørselsvejledningen adressen på det sted, hvor man skal af, så gør direkte fra den, du skal møde. Det virker rigtig både chauffør og medpassagerer alt, for at det godt. skal lykkes for dig. Er du ikke på dit hotel eller konferencecenter, I myldretiden kan det være mindre behageligt og har du ikke en livline, som du kan ringe til, for specielt kvindelige passagerer i busserne, da så vær frimodig og gå ind et hvilket som helst der desværre stadig er mange mænd, der sted, hvor du kunne formode, at de kan benytter sig af trængslen til at komme lidt (for) hjælpe dig (andre hoteller, centre, store tæt på det andet køn ‐ siges det fra pålidelig forretninger, etc.). Langt de fleste vil gerne kilde. hjælpe, og skulle der opstå tumult og lidt råben omkring dig, så er det bare fordi alle vil Metro: I modsætning til busserne, så har jeg give sit besyv med. Hav tålmodighed, og rejst meget med metroen (地铁 (DiTie)). I forsøg ikke at standse dem. Når de er Shanghai er der et veludbygget metronet med (nogenlunde) enige om, hvor du skal hen, og p.t. 11 linier, og det er let at finde rundt. Spørg hvordan du kommer der, så forsøg at få det på dit rejsebureau, en Expo 2010 stand, i skrevet ned på en seddel, som du så viser til lufthavnen eller på en metro station efter en chaufføren, eller få en af hjælperne til at ruteoversigt. Prisen for en tur i metroen er på forklare chaufføren, hvor du skal hen. mellem 3 og 12 RMB afhænger af, hvor langt du Derefter kan du ikke gøre så meget andet end skal. Jeg har hørt, at det skulle være muligt at at håbe og bede til, at det de skrev/sagde, var købe dag og ugekort, men har ikke selv erfaring det rigtige ;o). med det. Til gengæld har jeg et metrokort, hvor jeg kan sætte penge ind, og hvor der så trækkes Bus: Jeg har kun lille erfaring med at køre for hver tur. offentlig bus (公共汽车 (gong gong qi che)) i Morgen og aften, kan det ske, at man ikke kan Kina, men da der findes over 1.200 buslinjer i komme ind i toget, men så er det jo godt at Shanghai, er der gode muligheder for at vide, at der kun er få minutter mellem togene i komme rund. myldretiden. Stationerne annonceres op til Det koster mellem 1 og 4 CNY at køre bus, og flere gange på både kinesisk og engelsk, og i de det anbefales, at man betaler med lige penge. fleste toge er der skærme eller lyspaneler, der Du skal være opmærksom på, at du ikke får viser navnet på næste station. penge tilbage i de busser, hvor du trækker Alex Blom Blomtown, Blomsite billetten i en automat. God dag –ni hao ‐你好 Mit navn er…… ‐ wo djiao…. (tryk på ao) Nej, ikke ok 不行 bu / xing / går ikke, 谢谢 Tak –sjiæ sijæ (tryk på første bogstav) ‐ Ok, det går an 行 xing / 我要回家 Jeg skal hjem – uaia horitja ‐ Pæn, flot, køn 好看 hao V kan\ meget 我是丹麦人 Jeg er dansker ‐ wo shø dan mai ren ‐ smuk /pæn 一个啤酒 En øl ‐ ji..i gøh pi..i djåu ‐ Regning 发票 fa‐ piao \ restaurant Rigtigt 对 dui \ Tone 1 (‐) (f.eks. ē) er en flad ensartet lidt Bekræftende ja langtrukken tone. Tone 2 (/) (f.eks. é) er en Tak 谢谢 xie \ xie opadgående tone, Tone 3 (V) (f.eks. ě) er todelt – Te 茶 cha / først nedadgående og derefter opadgående, og Tone Te, grøn 绿茶 lü \ cha/ 4 (\) (f.eks. è) er nedadgående. Tegnene ‐,/,\,(V) Te, sort 红茶 hong/ cha/ herunder skal bruge til at lægge det rigtige tryk/TONE Toilet 厕所 ce \ suo V på stavelserne Er der ingen angivelse af tonen, skal Toilet, offentligt 公共厕所 gong‐ gong \ ce \ suo V det udtales ubetonet i retning af en meget kort Udsolgt 卖完 mai \ wan/ førstetone. Undskyld 对不起 dui \ bu qi V Vand 水 shui V Dansk Kinesisk Lyd (Pinyin) drikkevand og vand Barn, børn 孩子 háizi Ven 朋友 peng / you uanset Centrum 中 zhōng køn Cola 可乐 kělè Vi, os 我们 wo V men Danmark 丹麦 dan‐ mai\ Vin, hvid 百葡萄酒 bai V pu / tao/ jiu V Dansker 丹麦人 dan‐ mai\ ren/ Vin, rød 红葡萄酒 hong/ pu/ tao / jiu V De, dem 他们 ta‐ men Øl 啤酒 pi‐ jiu V Om mennesker 它们 ta‐ men Nul, 0 零 ling / ikke mennesker En, et, 1 一 yi‐ Den, det 它 ta‐ En, 1 一 yao‐ Du, dig 你 ni V 2 二 er\ Tallet 2 Dyr, dyrt 贵 gui\ 2 两 liang V Antal Engelsk 英语 ying‐ yu V 3 三 san‐ Far 爸爸 ba\ ba 4 四 si\ Farvel 再见 zai \ jian \ 5 五 wu V Forkert 不对 bu/ dui \ 6 六 liu\ God, godt, fint 好 hao V 7 七 qi‐ God dag, hej 你好 ni V hao V 8 八 ba‐ Besvares på samme måde med 你好 9 九 jiu(V) I, jer 你们 ni V men 10 十 Shi / Ja 对 dui\ 11 十一 shi / yi‐ Jeg, mig 我 wo V 12 十二 shi / er \ Juice 果汁 guo V zhi‐ 20 二十 er \ shi/ Kaffe 咖啡 ka‐ fei‐ 100 一百 yi‐ bai3 Kina 中国 zhong‐ guo/ 1000 千 Qian‐ Kinesisk 汉语 han\ yu V 10.000 万 Wan \ Kop, glas 杯子 bei‐ zi Alex Blom. Blomtown, Blomsites Kvittering 发票 fa‐ piao\ Nej 不对 bu/ dui\ det er forkert