Gansu Kina 24.2 til 10.3 2013 自强不息，独树一帜 motto oversat: Be diligent, be realistic, be enterprising 1 Deltagere Billy Bjarne Kristensen Ejvind Frausing Hansen Jørgen Jesper Hvolris Lisbeth Hvolris Nina Weis Otto Kraemer Ove Andersen Torben Mogensen Lars Bo Krag Møller Denne lille folder er udarbejdet forud for turen til Kina den 24.2 til 10.3 2013. Den består af klip fra nettet (Wikipedia, FDM travel mf) Indholdet er ikke kontrolleret. lkm 2 Indhold Forside 2 Geografien og populationen 5 Billeder fra Lanzhou 6 Lanzhou new area 7 Lanzhous adminstration 9 Historie, klima, geografi mm 10 Et rejsebureau beskrivelse 11 Geografi og klima 13 Transport 15 Industri og transport 14 Lanzhou universitet 16 Laboratorier 17 Nøgletal for universitetet 18 Ganshou 18 Kort 23 Beijing (kort over) 27 Undgå at blive snydt/seværdigheder 28 Praktiske forhold 29 3 Kina 甘 gān ‐ Ganzhou (Zhangye) Navnets oprindelse 肃 sù ‐ Suzhou (Jiuquan) Administrationstype Provins Hovedstad Lanzhou Guvernør Lu Hao Ganzhou Areal 454.000 km² (7.) Befolkning (2004) 26.190.000 (22.) ‐ Tæthed 57,7/km² (27.) CNY 155,9 milliard BNI (2004) (27.) ‐ per indbygger CNY 5950 (30.) Officiel hjemmeside: http://www.gansu.gov.cn Gansu (simplificeret kinesisk: 甘 Hovedstaden:Lanzhou 肃, traditionel kinesisk: 甘肅,Hanyu Pinyin: Gānsù, Wade‐Giles: Kan‐su, Kansu Bypræfekturerne eller Kan‐suh) er Lanzhou (7) en provins i Folkerepublikken Kina. (af 22 Jinchang (4) provinser) . Den ligger Baiyin (6) mellem Qinghai, Indre Mongoliet og Tianshui (12) Huangtu‐plateauet og grænser op Jiayuguan (2) Wuwei (5) til Mongoliet i nord. Huang He‐floden Zhangye (3) løber gennem den sydlige del af Pingliang (13) provinsen. Jiuquan (1) Gansu har en befolkning på omkring 26 Qingyang (14) millioner (2004) og har en stor Dingxi (10) koncentration af huikinesere. Longnan (11) Hovedstaden i provinsen er Lanzhou, der Det autonome ligger i den sydøstlige del af Gansu. præfektur Linxia Hui Provinsen har store mineralforekomster, for huikinesere (8) og mange planter som bruges indenfor Det autonome kinesisk medicin vokser i området. præfektur Gannan for tibetanere (9) Wikipedia 4 Lanzhou, eller Lanchow, (udtales [län'jō']) er en by på præfekturniveau (se senere) og hovedstaden i den kinesiske provins Gansu, beliggende i det centrala Kina ved Den Gule Flod (Huang He), i en højde af omkring 1.600 moh. Byen har 2,1 millioner indbyggere [1] på et areal af ca. 1.700 km². Lanzhou er også et vigtigt knudepunkt da den ligger strategisk mellem Tibet, Xinjiang Mongoliet og det egentlige Kina. Byen har vigtige olieraffina‐derier. Mother Huang He statue in Lanzhou 5 Lanzhou new area China to flatten 700 mountains for new The first stage of the mountain‐flattening metropolis in the desert initiative, which was reported on Tuesday by Lanzhou new area plan to begin with the China Economic Weekly magazine, began in 'mountain‐moving project', but financial and late October and will eventually enable a new environmental wisdom of project urban district almost 10 square miles in size questioned (The Gardian) northeast of downtown Lanzhou –a small, but important part of the Lanzhou New area project A long, long time ago, an old Chinese peasant to be built. named Yu Gong decided to move two inconveniently located mountains away from One of the country's largest private companies: blocking the entrance to his home. Legend the Nanjing‐based China Pacific Construction has it he struggled terribly, but ultimately Group, headed by Yan Jiehe, is behind the succeeded. Hence the Chinese idiom "Yu initiative. The 52‐year‐old former teacher is Gong moves the mountains." Where there's a portrayed in China as a sort of home‐grown will, there's a way. Now Chinese developers Donald Trump –ultra‐ambitious and are putting old Yu to shame. preternaturally gifted at navigating the country's vast network of "guanxi", or personal In what is being billed as the largest connections. "mountain‐moving project" in Chinese history, one of China's biggest construction Yan was born in the 1960s as the youngest of firms will spend £2.2bn to flatten 700 nine children. After a decade of working as a mountains levelling the area Lanzhou, high‐school teacher and cement plant allowing developers to build a new employee, he founded his construction firm in metropolis on the outskirts of the north‐ 1995 and amassed a fortune by buying and western city. revamping struggling state‐owned enterprises. In 2006 the respected Hu Run report named Yan The Lanzhou New Area, 500 square miles –then worth about £775m –as China's second‐ (130,000 hectares) of land 50 miles from the richest man. city, which is the provincial capital of arid Gansu province, could increase the region's His latest plan has evoked a healthy dose of gross domestic product to £27bn by 2030, scepticism. Lanzhou, home to 3.6 million according to the state‐run China Daily. It has people alongside the silty Yellow River, already already attracted almost £7bn of corporate has major environmental concerns. Last year investment. the World Health Organisation named it the city with the worst air pollution in China. The city's The project will be China's fifth "state‐level main industries include textiles, fertiliser development zone" and the first in the production and metallurgy. country's rapidly developing interior, according to state media reports. Others Liu Fuyuan, a former high‐level official at the include Shanghai's Pudong and Tianjin's country's National Development and Reform Binhai, home to a half‐built, 120‐building Commission, told China Economic Weekly that replica of Manhattan. China's state council, its the project was unsuitable because Lanzhou is highest administrative authority, approved frequently listed as among China's most the Lanzhou project in August. chronically water‐scarce municipalities. "The most important thing is to gather people in places where there is water," he said. 6 Others also pointed to the financial risk of building a new city in the middle of the desert. "All this investment needs to be paid back with residential land revenue, and I don't see much on returns in these kinds of cities," said Tao Ran, an economics professor at Renmin University in Beijing. "If you have a booming real estate market it might work, but it seems to me that real estate in China is very, very risky." In an email interview, a China Pacific Construction Group spokeswoman dismissed criticisms of the project as unjustified. "Lanzhou's environment is already really poor, it's all desolate mountains which are extremely short of water," said Angie Wong. "Our protective style of development will divert water to the area, achieve reforestation and make things better than before." Yan's plans could be considered "a protective style of development, and a developmental style of protection", she said, adding: "I think whether it's England or America, or any other country, no one will cease development because of resource scarcity caused by geography." A promotional video posted on the Lanzhou new area website shows a digitally‐rendered cityscape of gleaming skyscrapers and leafy parks. Against a driving operatic score, the camera zooms out from a large government building to reveal features of the area's imagined urban topography: a clock tower, a new airport, an oil refinery, a light‐rail system, and a stadium packed with cheering fans. The new area "will lead to an environmentally sustainable economy based on energy‐saving industries" including advanced equipment manufacturing, petrochemical industries and modern agriculture, wrote Chinese Central Television on its website. The Lanzhou city government could not be reached for comment. Jonathan Kaiman The Guardian, Thursday 6 December 2012 17.48 7 GMT Lanzhou er en by på præfekturniveau En by på præfekturniveau (地级市,dìjíshì) er (Yunnan, Guizhou, Qinghai) og to autonome betegnelsen for en administrativ territoriel regioner (Xinjiang, Tibet) som har mere end tre enhed i Folkerepublikken Kina. Den er en sekundære administrative enheder som ikke er enhed som indordnes mellem provins og amt, byer på præfekturniveau. og som dermed er det sekundære Et præfektur må opfylde en række kriterier for administrative niveau. Tilsvarende med dette, at kunne komme i betragtning for opgradering det vil sige også på sekundært administrativt til by på præfekturniveau: Det må blandt andet niveau, har landet også præfekturer, ligaer og ha et bymæssigt center med bymæssig autonome præfekturer. Fra og med først befolkning på over 250.000 indbyggere og en i 1980'erne har byer på præfekturniveau i de industri hvis bruttoprodukt overstiger 200 fleste tilfælde overtaget efter de gamle mill. RMB. præfekturer som sekundære administrative De største byer på præfekturniveau enheder. er Baoding (iprovinsen Hebei), Zhoukou (Henan En by på præfekturniveau er ikke en «by» i ), Nanyang (Henan)og Linyi (Shandong), og de streng forstand men snarere en administrativ har alle flere indbyggere end Tianjin, som er enhed som normalt består af en bymæssig den mindst folkerige byprovins i landet. kerne (dvs. en by i almindelig forstand) Femten store byer på præfekturniveau er blevet omgivet af mindre urbaniserede og/eller givet status som subprovinsielle byer, hvilket landlige områder der som regel er langt større giver dem væsentlig større autonomi. end den bymæssige kerne. En by på subpræfekturniveau er en by på Byer på præfekturniveau er næsten altid delt amtsniveau med myndighed som ligger tæt på op i tertiære admininistrative enheder som den som tilkommer en by på præfekturniveau. amter, byer på amtsniveau eller andre undergrupperinger. Resumé For at skelne mellem byen på • In ancient times, it was an important city on præfekturniveau og selve byen i strikt the Silk Road trade route. forstand benyttes udtrykket 市 • The second largest city in northwestern 区 shìqū («urbant område») på kinesisk. China. It is a comparatively prosperous and Den første by på præfekturniveau blev dannet modernized urban area in Gansu Province.