The Publeaks Projects

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Publeaks Projects Free Press Unlimited The Publeaks projects Free from surveillance Free from intimidation Free from threats Free from interference Free from censorship Free from reprisals Free from obstruction Free from torture Free from corruption Free from repercussions Free from violence Free from propaganda Free from deception Free from ... Free Press Unlimited The Publeaks projects Free Press Unlimited The Publeaks projects Nigerian certifcates Unaoil Leak Certifcate scandal that Cache of emails dating from caused shock and outrage 2001 to 2012 sent within amongst many Nigerians. Unaoil revealed that Unaoil’s Published by Premium Times operatives bribed offcials in April 2018, via Leaks.ng. in oil-producing nations in order to win govern- Barbie’s records ment-funded projects. Unauthorised viewings of Published by Fairfax Media medical records of a Dutch in 2016. hospitalized celebrity. Published by EenVandaag in Ochoa corruption scandal April 2018, via Publeaks NL. Documents indicating —> p.81 Mexico’s anti-corruption president Enrique Ochoa Paradise Papers privately accepting improper A set of confdential payments from a public electronic documents entity. Published by several related to offshore invest- news outlets in September ments, created by legal 2016, via Mexicoleaks. frm Appleby. Published by —> p.53 The Süddeutsche Zeitung in November 2017. Destruction documents Documents involving the Killer contracts systematic destruction of an Illegal contracts to dereg- area of archaeological impor- ister students from the tance and the collusion of the central exams to raise the authorities that had granted school’s average results. construction permits in Valle Published by de Volkskrant de Bravo, west of Mexico in July or August 2017, via City. Published by several Publeaks NL. —> p.41 platforms in March 2016, via Mexicoleaks. —> p.63 Election leak WhatsApp group conver- Highway to hell sation in which offcials Federal Roads and Bridges from the Health Institute of laid the foundations of the the State of Mexico were tender for the company organizing brigades to rally Redisegno, which was votes for Del Mazo, the PRI supposed to offer cyber- candidate. Published by security services, but did several news outlets in not install the systems. May 2017, via Mexicoleaks. Published by several news —> p.31 outlets in January 2016, via Mexicoleaks. —> p.13 Football Leaks Documents including Swiss Leaks contracts, e-mails and Giant tax evasion scheme spreadsheets containing allegedly operated with information about tax the knowledge and encour- avoidance by several football agement of the British multi- stars. Published by several national bank HSBC via news outlets in December its Swiss subsidiary, HSBC 2016. Private Bank (Suisse). Published by CBS in 2015. Free Press Unlimited Stichting Free Press Unlimited ABOUT INVESTIGATIVE JOURNALISM AND THE ROLE OF PUBLEAKS A. Publeaks is a failsafe when 7 legal protections fail Leon Willems, Free Press Unlimited B. Why laws to protect whistleblowers 49 matter for us Anna Myers, Whistleblowing International Network C. Whistleblowers are essential for 89 informed citizens and vital democracies Antoine Deltour, LuxLeaks whistleblower 3 The Publeaks projects THE STORIES BEHIND THE STORIES 1. Leaking news to get revenge 13 Eduard Martín-Borregón, RindeCuentas Homero CamPa, Proceso 2. A case that smells on all fronts 21 Annemieke van Dongen, BN DeStem Sander van Mersbergen, BN DeStem 3. Whistleblowing platforms at election time 31 Sebastián Barragán Hidalgo, Aristegui Noticias Mathieu Tourliere, Proceso 4. How a Publeaks tip can lead to 41 a different story Kaya Bouma, de Volkskrant 5. Méxicoleaks is not a vehicle for politics 53 Claudia Ocaranza, Animal Político Nayeli Roldan, Animal Político 6. A Leak that prevented the destruction 63 of pre-Hispanic ruins Celia Guerrero, Periodistas de a Pie 7. Suppose it is true: Krol fails to pay 71 his own pensions Jeroen Trommelen, Investico 8. Publeaks on snooping into medical records 81 Jan Born, EenVandaag Lotte KuiPers, EenVandaag 4 Free Press Unlimited 5 The Publeaks projects A. Publeaks helps whistleblowers when legal protections fail Leon Willems, Free Press Unlimited 6 Free Press Unlimited PERSONALIA It is the early morning of Wednesday, December 20, 2017. Busloads of peoPle get ready to visit EuroPe’s largest underground Christmas fair. The Name Leon Willems annual fair in a cave system in Valkenburg, in the southern tip of the Netherlands, is poPular with Biography visitors from Belgium, Germany, the Netherlands, Leon Willems (1961) was As of December 2008 Radio and farther afeld. The market has earned the city of aPPointed Director of Free Dabang is broadcasting Press Unlimited in May 2011. daily, indePendent news for Valkenburg the title ‘EuroPean City of Christmas’. Before this, he served as the peoPle in Darfur, Sudan. Director of Press Now. At the same time as the visitors get ready to enter His leadership and vision Leon Willems believes the cave, EenVandaag, a prominent current affairs have contributed to Free that media are crucial tools Program that airs on television daily during prime Press Unlimited becoming for democracy building one of the leading press and contribute to the time hours, publishes Life threatening situation freedom organisations of develoPment of society in Christmas market-caves. The major of today. The organisation as a whole. Bringing Valkenburg has for years ignored warnings by is active in more than 30 indePendent media to the the fre department. Should fre breaks out at the countries, focusing on PeoPle is the princiPle aim underground Christmas market, it’s visitors are confict reporting, safety of his work. for journalists, investigative traPPed like rats in a cage. EenVandaag was able journalism, gender and to bring this revelation after a whistleblower youth and media. contacted its newsroom via Publeaks NL. During the nineties, The revelations about the Christmas market- Leon Willems held several Positions at Ikon Television, caves have had several cascading effects. Firstly, a small broadcaster newsrooms around the country and abroad Picked sPecialized in war rePorting up on the press release instantly, to warn the and social documentaries. hundreds of thousands of visitors from home and For years he was the Producer of imPortant news abroad that visit the caves every year. Secondly, stories about the Middle- EenVandaag prominently highlighted both the east and Sub Saharan Africa. indisPensable role of the whistleblower and Between 2004-2007 Willems Publeaks NL in its broadcast and publication. worked for the United In the weeks that followed, both EenVandaag and Nations, setting up indePendent radio stations other particiPating newsrooms are able to bring in South Sudan. In 2008 he additional high-profle stories based on whistle- initiated the Radio Dabanga blower tiP-offs. Thirdly, local administrators have Project in partnership with promised to re-evaluate fre safety at the journalists, NGO’s and Christmas fair. A decision on permits and decision Peace grouPs. making processes is exPected ahead of next year’s fair. 9 The Publeaks projects Public interest whistleblowing is indisPensable media and its audiences in the Netherlands. for strong and indePendent watchdog media. Méxicoleaks has rekindled a solidarity among Without whistleblowers, the stories documented its member newsrooms, and an urgency to in this book — about corruPtion and election publish and fnd strength in numbers. Leaks.ng tamPering in Mexico, about exam fraud and has created a platform for Nigerian newsrooms Privacy breaches in the Netherlands — would to jointly advocate for stronger whistleblower never see the light of day. All too often, journalists Protection. To particiPating newsrooms, and their sources are subjected to violence. The Indonesialeaks is a common banner to rally PerPetrators of this violence continue to threaten Public suPPort for whistleblowing. indePendent watchdog journalism with imPunity. While protection for journalists and their sources But the backbone of these initiatives is the is imPerative, Publeaks is a technological failover Provision of a service to journalists and their for whistleblowers in countries where sources sources: to connect whistleblowers and their don’t enjoy or trust legal protections offered by stories of corruPtion and abuse of power the state. to professional media and their audiences. Publeaks provides a public service — protection With Publeaks, Free Press Unlimited enables for whistleblowers and journalists — that is whistleblowers to contact journalists privately the resPonsibility of governments. But sadly, and anonymously. Whistleblowers can choose around the world, more often than not, this to remain the unsung heroes behind imPortant service is consPicuously absent. Publications, because a story is too exPlosive, the environment too violent to be named as the source. Journalists gain the tools to safely conduct online investigations, and access to information that would otherwise have been kePt from the public. Free Press Unlimited chooses to work with professional media: investigative journalists are uniquely trained to objectively balance access to information with the public interest. The stories in this anthology document the bravery of whistleblowers, the resilience of journalists, and the proPensity of information to always reach the public. Each platform adaPts to the local environment. Publeaks NL has closed the gap between the 10 Free Press Unlimited 11 The Publeaks projects
Recommended publications
  • La Forma De Contar En Pame Central
    The typology of Pame number systems and the limits of Mesoamerica as a linguistic area Heriberto Avelino Department of Linguistics University of California, Berkeley 1203 Dwinelle Hall University of California at Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720-2650 [email protected] Abstract Pamean languages have been considered to be outside of the Mesoamerican linguistic area. However, the number systems of Pame show typical Mesoamerican structures: order of constituents Multiplier-Base-Addend, and the base ‘10’, ‘20’ systems. Pamean languages have a typologically unusual, but consistent base ‘8’. The present study presents a formal characterization of Pame number systems. The distribution and peculiarities of Pame number systems are explained as a result of their location at the border of a major linguistic area. Northern Pame presents a base ‘8’ as the only productive base, whereas Central Pame and Southern Pame show a greater influence of Mesoamerican traits. keywords: Pame, Otomanguean, Mesoamerica, Number systems, linguistic areas 100 words 2 1. Introduction In this paper I present an analysis of the cardinal number systems of the Pamean languages Northern Pame, Central Pame and Southern Pame. The goals of this work are twofold. On the one hand, I offer a formal characterization of Pame number systems in terms of the typology of number systems in natural languages. On the other hand, I discuss the particularities of Pamean number systems as a result of their location at the border of a major linguistic area, namely Mesoamerica.1 I show that Pamean systems present the typical Mesoamerican structures with the order of constituents Multiplier-Base-Addend, and base ‘20’ and ‘10’ systems.
    [Show full text]
  • KI LAW of INDIGENOUS PEOPLES KI Law Of
    KI LAW OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES KI Law of indigenous peoples Class here works on the law of indigenous peoples in general For law of indigenous peoples in the Arctic and sub-Arctic, see KIA20.2-KIA8900.2 For law of ancient peoples or societies, see KL701-KL2215 For law of indigenous peoples of India (Indic peoples), see KNS350-KNS439 For law of indigenous peoples of Africa, see KQ2010-KQ9000 For law of Aboriginal Australians, see KU350-KU399 For law of indigenous peoples of New Zealand, see KUQ350- KUQ369 For law of indigenous peoples in the Americas, see KIA-KIX Bibliography 1 General bibliography 2.A-Z Guides to law collections. Indigenous law gateways (Portals). Web directories. By name, A-Z 2.I53 Indigenous Law Portal. Law Library of Congress 2.N38 NativeWeb: Indigenous Peoples' Law and Legal Issues 3 Encyclopedias. Law dictionaries For encyclopedias and law dictionaries relating to a particular indigenous group, see the group Official gazettes and other media for official information For departmental/administrative gazettes, see the issuing department or administrative unit of the appropriate jurisdiction 6.A-Z Inter-governmental congresses and conferences. By name, A- Z Including intergovernmental congresses and conferences between indigenous governments or those between indigenous governments and federal, provincial, or state governments 8 International intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) 10-12 Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) Inter-regional indigenous organizations Class here organizations identifying, defining, and representing the legal rights and interests of indigenous peoples 15 General. Collective Individual. By name 18 International Indian Treaty Council 20.A-Z Inter-regional councils. By name, A-Z Indigenous laws and treaties 24 Collections.
    [Show full text]
  • Otomanguean Historical Linguistics: Past, Present and Prospects for the Future
    Campbell, Eric W. 2017. Otomanguean historical linguistics: past, present and prospects for the future. Language & Linguistics Compass 11: e12240. -- this copy may differ slightly from published version 1 Otomanguean historical linguistics: past, present and prospects for the future 2 Abstract 3 Among the linguistic lineages of Mesoamerica, the Otomanguean family is the most diverse 4 and most widely spread. Long occupying a central position in one of the cradles of human 5 civilization, speakers of Otomanguean languages have played important roles in the region, 6 about which their languages have much to tell. However, Otomanguean is perhaps the least 7 understood of the major Mesoamerican language families, due to its great diversity, the 8 remarkable structural complexity of Otomanguean languages, and the history of the field of 9 Otomanguean historical linguistics, which has seen great achievement alternating with periodic 10 controversy and doubt. With a focus on the higher levels and more ancient time depths of the 11 family, this article surveys Otomanguean historical linguistic work and presents a state of the 12 art perspective on Otomanguean classification, reconstruction, linguistic prehistory, remaining 13 challenges, and prospects for the future. 14 1 Introduction 15 Otomanguean is an expansive language family that has been centered around the core of the 16 Mesoamerican cultural (Kirchhoff 1967[1943]) and linguistic area (Campbell et al. 1986) for 17 as long as we can detect. It extends a little beyond the northern limits of Mesoamerica into the 18 state of San Luis Potosí, Mexico (Pame), and it previously reached as far south as the Gulf of 19 Nicoya along the Pacific slope of Costa Rica (Mangue).
    [Show full text]
  • Cultural Interaction and Biological Distance Among Postclassic Mexican Populations Corey Steven Ragsdale
    University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository Anthropology ETDs Electronic Theses and Dissertations 5-1-2015 Cultural interaction and biological distance among Postclassic Mexican populations Corey Steven Ragsdale Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/anth_etds Part of the Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Ragsdale, Corey Steven. "Cultural interaction and biological distance among Postclassic Mexican populations." (2015). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/anth_etds/55 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Electronic Theses and Dissertations at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Anthropology ETDs by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. i Corey Steven Ragsdale Candidate Anthropology Department This dissertation is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication: Approved by the Dissertation Committee: Heather JH Edgar, Chairperson Osbjorn Pearson Hillard Kaplan Andrea Cucina Frances Berdan ii CULTURAL INTERACTION AND BIOLOGICAL DISTANCE AMONG POSTCLASSIC MEXICAN POPULATIONS by COREY STEVEN RAGSDALE B.A., Anthropology, California State University, San Bernardino 2009 M.S., Biological Anthropology, University of New Mexico, 2012 DISSERTATION Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Anthropology The University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico May, 2015 iii CULTURAL INTERACTION AND BIOLOGICAL DISTANCE AMONG POSTCLASSIC MEXICAN POPULATIONS by Corey Steven Ragsdale B.A., Anthropology, California State University, San Bernardino 2009 M.S., Anthropology, University of New Mexico, 2012 Ph.D., Anthropology, University of New Mexico, 2015 ABSTRACT Human population structure is influenced by cultural and biological interactions. Little is known regarding to what extent cultural interactions effect biological processes such as migration and genetic exchange among prehistoric populations.
    [Show full text]
  • Latin American Book Store
    Latin American P.O. Box 7328 Redlands CA 92375 Book Store Tel: 800-645-4276 Fax: 909-335-9945 www.latinamericanbooks.com [email protected] Mexican Catalogue Part I -- Literature, Drama, Film, Linguistics Literature 1. Aguilar, Luis . AK 47. Monterrey, Mexico: Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Libros de la Mancuspia (Colección UANL), 2017. 75p., wrps. New. Paperback. ISBN: 9786072706606. "ak 47" is a collection of poetry by Luis Aguilar that center around daily violence in the form of microagressions, which are experienced privately but affect society at its very seams. Aguilar was the winner of the Nicolás Guillén International Poetry Prize in 2010. He is also the author of "Tartaria", "Mantel de tulipanes amarillos", "Los ojos ya deshechos", "La entrañable costumbre o El libro de Felipe", "Decoración de interiores", "Lateral izquierdo", "Fruta de temporada", "Ground glass/Vidrio molido" and "Muchachos que no besan en la boca". (64625) $19.90 2. Aguilera Navarrete, Flor. LA POÉTICA DE LA ESCRITURA EN YO EL SUPREMO, DE AUGUSTO ROA BASTOS. Guanajuato: Universidad de Guanajuato (Pliego Literatura), 2015. 277p., wrps. New. Paperback. ISBN: 9786074414073. "La poética de la escritura en Yo el Supremo, de Augusto Roa Bastos" is a study on Paraguayan author Augusto Roa Bastos's historical novel "Yo el Supremo", a fictionalized account of the nineteenth-century Paraguayan dictator José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia. Author Flor Aguilera Navarrete examines the complexity and heterogeneity of the text, as well as the gap between orality and writing, unraveling the aesthetic and ethical possibilities of this dichotomy. She also studies the difficult and delicate relationship between Spanish and Guaraní.
    [Show full text]
  • Misión De Chichimecas, a Case Study
    Language Documentation and Description ISSN 1740-6234 ___________________________________________ This article appears in: Language Documentation and Description, vol 2. Editor: Peter K. Austin The need for capacity building in Mexico: Misión de Chichimecas, a case study YOLANDA LASTRA Cite this article: Yolanda Lastra (2004). The need for capacity building in Mexico: Misión de Chichimecas, a case study. In Peter K. Austin (ed.) Language Documentation and Description, vol 2. London: SOAS. pp. 108-121 Link to this article: http://www.elpublishing.org/PID/024 This electronic version first published: July 2014 __________________________________________________ This article is published under a Creative Commons License CC-BY-NC (Attribution-NonCommercial). The licence permits users to use, reproduce, disseminate or display the article provided that the author is attributed as the original creator and that the reuse is restricted to non-commercial purposes i.e. research or educational use. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ ______________________________________________________ EL Publishing For more EL Publishing articles and services: Website: http://www.elpublishing.org Terms of use: http://www.elpublishing.org/terms Submissions: http://www.elpublishing.org/submissions The need for capacity building in Mexico: Misión de Chichimecas, a case study Yolanda Lastra 1. Introduction When the Spanish conquerors arrived in 1519 in what is today Mexico, many languages were spoken, but in the central part Nahuatl predominated because it was the language of the Aztecs who were in control of a vast territory. After some relatively peaceful years, with the discovery of silver in Zacatecas the numerous bands of hunters and gatherers (collectively called Chichimecs by the Spaniards) started to attack the travelers and their Indian allies who invaded the territory located between the mines and the already colonized sites.
    [Show full text]
  • ©Copyright 2012 Elda Miriam Aldasoro Maya
    ©Copyright 2012 Elda Miriam Aldasoro Maya Documenting and Contextualizing Pjiekakjoo (Tlahuica) Knowledges though a Collaborative Research Project Elda Miriam Aldasoro Maya A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2012 Reading Committee: Eugene Hunn, Chair Stevan Harrell Aaron J. Pollack Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Anthropology University of Washington Abstract Documenting and Contextualizing Pjiekakjoo Knowledge through a Collaborative Research Project Elda Miriam Aldasoro Maya Chair of the Supervisory Committee Emeritus Professor Eugene Hunn University of Washington The Pjiekakjoo (Tlahuica) people and their culture have managed to adapt to the globalized world. They have developed a deep knowledge-practice-belief system (Traditional Environmental Knowledge (TEK) or Contemporary Indigenous Knowledges (CIK)) that is part of the biocultural diversity of the region in which they live. This dissertation describes the economic, social and political context of the Pjiekakjoo, to contextualize the Pjiekakjoo CIK, including information on their land tenure struggles, their fight against illegal logging and the policies governing the Zempoala Lagoons National Park that is part of their territory. The collaborative research on which this dissertation draws, based on a dialogue of knowledges and heavily influenced by the ideas of Paolo Freire, fully recognized Indigenous people as subjects. Through participant observation, interviews and workshops we documented the names, uses, myth, beliefs and stories that the Pjiekakjoo people give to an extensive variety of organisms: mushrooms, invertebrates, vertebrates and the most important useful plants. Basic knowledge about the milpa and corn was also documented. Through the analysis of the information gathered it is clear that the relation of the Pjiekakjoo with other living beings is far from solely utilitarian in nature.
    [Show full text]
  • Tri-Bulletin-V34-2015.Pdf
    TROPICAL RESOURCES The Bulletin of the Yale Tropical Resources Institute Contents About TRI iii Mission iii TRI News iv The Burch Prize 2015 iv A Word from the Director v TRI Fellows research sites represented in this issue vi TRI Fellows: The first thirty years 1 Erin Beasley, MEM 2014, Tamara Thomas, MEM 2016 & Katelyn Liesner, MEM 2016 Caffeine and theobromine analysis of Paullinia yoco, a vine harvested by indigenous peoples of the upper Amazon 6 Luke M. Weiss, MF 2015 Mercury exposure and risk among women of childbearing age in Madre de Dios, Peru 16 David J.X. Gonzalez, MESc 2015 The social roots of ecological degradation in El Nevado de Toluca natural protected area, Mexico 25 José C. Pons, MESc 2015 Numb to the world: Degradation desensitization and environmentally responsible behavior 36 Alexandra C. Alhadeff, MEM 2015 Devouring the Congo 52 Gina Rae N. La Cerva, MESc 2015 i CONTENTS Plantation projects in Madagascar: Approaches, objectives and reflections for fuelwood production 62 Karin Bucht, MF 2015 Penguin politics: Human dynamics in the African penguin conservation debate 72 Linda Holcombe, MESc 2015 Are Chinese companies devastating the African environment? Exploring the role of a Chinese hydropower company in the Zambian environmental impact assessment process 78 Tianjun Hou, MEM 2015 Etic vs emic as adaptive measures to climate change: The rat as a misguided friend 87 Sarah Casson, MEM 2015 Characterizing the traditional tree-garden systems of southwest Sri Lanka 93 Klaus Geiger, MF 2014 FIELD REPORT—Resting on the smallest wings: The flight of conservation 104 Sarah Casson, MEM 2015 & Nicole Wooten, MEM 2016 Announcing the 2015 TRI Fellows 109 Please access the 2015 Bulletin at http://environment.yale.edu/tri/publications/ in order to view maps, graphs, photographs, and figures in color.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Áreas Naturales Protegidas Y Sistema De Uso Común De Recursos
    Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Forestales ISSN: 2007-1132 [email protected] Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias México De La Cruz Hernández, José Antonio; Ávila Akerberg, Víctor; Rivera Herrejón, María Gladys; Vizcarra Bord, Ivonne Áreas naturales protegidas y sistema de uso común de recursos forestales en el Nevado de Toluca Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Forestales, vol. 7, núm. 38, noviembre-diciembre, 2016, pp. 25-42 Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias Distrito Federal, México Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=63450027002 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Forestales Vol. 7 (38): 25-42 Artículo / Article Áreas naturales protegidas y sistema de uso común de recursos forestales en el Nevado de Toluca Protected natural areas and common use system of forest resources in Nevado de Toluca José Antonio De La Cruz Hernández1,2, Víctor Ávila Akerberg1, María Gladys Rivera Herrejón1 e Ivonne Vizcarra Bord1i Resumen El ejido San Francisco Oxtotilpan posee un territorio de 2 107 ha, de las cuales 98 % son forestales y forma parte de tres áreas naturales protegidas, dos federales y una estatal. Esto genera una dinámica que entrelaza el aprovechamiento de recursos forestales a través de la conformación y funcionamiento de un sistema de recursos de uso común del ejido, con la política de conservación del patrimonio natural mediante áreas naturales protegidas.
    [Show full text]
  • Mixtec Plant Nomenclature and Classification by Alejandro De Ávila a Dissertation Submitted in Partial Satisfaction of The
    Mixtec plant nomenclature and classification by Alejandro de Ávila A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor in Philosophy in Anthropology in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Overton Brent Berlin, Chair Professor Laura Nader Professor Leanne Hinton Fall 2010 Abstract Mixtec plant nomenclature and classification by Alejandro de Ávila Doctor of Philosophy in Anthropology University of California, Berkeley Professor Overton Brent Berlin, Chair Ñuu Savi (‘Sacred Rain’s collectivity’), the Mixtec people of southern Mexico, had created some of the most complex polities in the continent at the time of European contact. Five hundred years later, they remain cohesive, culturally distinct communities, as increasing numbers of individuals and families migrate to northern Mexico and the US for work in the agricultural and service sectors. In 2005, the Mexican Federal Government reported there were more than 446,000 speakers of Tu’un Savi (‘Sacred Rain’s word,’ the Mixtec languages) five years of age and older, 322,000 of them still living in 1551 settlements within their historic homeland; an additional 100,000 to 200,000 are estimated to reside in the US. The term Mixtec, derived from the Náhuatl mixte:cah (‘cloud-people’), has been considered by different authors to encompass between 12 and 52 mutually unintelligible languages, in addition to numerous dialects. According to the Summer Institute of Linguistics’ Ethnologue, it is the second most diversified group of languages in the Americas, after Zapotec. The Instituto Nacional de Lenguas Indígenas, however, recognizes 81 variants of Mixtec, making it the most diversified language group in Mexico following official criteria.
    [Show full text]
  • Flexibility and Conformity in Postclassic Nahua Rituals
    Flexibility and conformity in Postclassic Nahua rituals Harriet Lucy Cramond Smart A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of History Faculty of Arts and Humanities University of Sheffield Acknowledgments My greatest thanks go to my supervisor Dr Caroline Dodds Pennock who has devoted countless hours to helping me. I think this page of acknowledgments must be the only one that she has not commented on and her thoughtful and incisive criticism have always pushed me to think harder. I could not have had a better supervisor and I sincerely hope that this work reflects her high standards. My project would not have been possible without extremely generous financial support. Most importantly, the University of Sheffield Faculty Scholarship allowed me to devote three years to research and writing. Highlights of my doctoral research have been the Yale Nahuatl Summer Program, archival research in Mexico City and organising the Indigenous Languages and Cultures international conference at Sheffield. These endeavours were made possible by funding from: University of Sheffield History Department; the Society for Latin American Studies; the Petrie Watson Exhibition Fund; the Bryan Marsden Prize for American History; the Royal Historical Society; Santander Universities; and the University of Sheffield International Office. Closer to home, I was able to attend conferences in Norwich, Oxford and London due to the generous hospitality of Anne Aves, Jack Clift and Sarah Erridge. A summer spent in humid Connecticut was an extremely important turning point in my thinking about the Nahuas. Languages have always been my passion and it was only once I got to grips with Nahuatl that I could begin to fathom the culture.
    [Show full text]
  • The Typology of Pame Number Systems and the Limits of Mesoamerica As a Linguistic Area
    493 $Id: lt9-3.tex,v 1.5 2005/10/19 13:16:07 eyrich Exp $ |19/10 17:56| 493 The typology of Pame number systems and the limits of Mesoamerica as a linguistic area HERIBERTO AVELINO Abstract Pamean languages have been considered to be outside of the Mesoamerican linguistic area. However, the number systems of Pame show typical Mesoamer- ican structures: order of constituents Multiplier-Base-Addend, and systems with bases 10 and 20. Pamean languages have a typologically unusual, but consistent base 8. The present study presents a formal characterization of Pame number systems. The distribution and peculiarities of Pame number systems are explained as a result of their location at the border of a major linguistic area. Northern Pame has 8 as the only productive base, whereas Central Pame and Southern Pame show a greater influence of Mesoamerican traits. Keywords: cardinal numerals, linguistic area, Mesoamerica, number systems, numeral, Pame 1. Introduction In this paper I present an analysis of the cardinal number systems of the Pamean languages Northern Pame, Central Pame and Southern Pame. My goals are twofold. First, I offer a formal characterization of Pame number systems in terms of the typology of number systems. Second, I discuss the particulari- ties of Pamean number systems as a result of their location at the border of a major linguistic area, Mesoamerica.1 I show that Pamean systems present typ- ical Mesoamerican structures with the order of constituents Multiplier-Base- Addend and with bases 10 and 20. However, Northern Pame is of special in- terest for the typology of number systems owing to the consistent use of a base 1.
    [Show full text]