ChinaInsight Fostering business and cultural harmony between China and the U.S.

VOL. 18 NO. 9 October 2019 What just landed? Language, p. 5

History, p. 6

Education, p. 8

Actually, it should be: What will land here?

Believe it or not, this copper-colored starfish is not a robot but Beijing’s new Daxing airport. Read about this amazing facility on page 3.

Arts & Culture Minnesotan fall traditions with a Government & Politics, p. 11 Chinese twist

By Judy Hohmann, contributor

The fall season brings many Minnesota traditions, old and new. Why not make fall a reason to celebrate Chinese culture, too? Start with the tradition of a changing Minnesota landscape, as it transforms from Community, p. 16 green to brilliant displays of red, orange, purple and yellow. Whether on paved walk- In This Issue ways along urban lakes or wooded trails, you will feel the magic of Mother Nature’s Arts & Culture 7, 9-10 most colorful season. Two serene spaces at opposite ends of the metro area infuse Books 12-13 the beauty of Chinese culture: The new St. Community 7, 16 Paul-Changsha, China Friendship Garden Education 8,14 of Whispering Willows and Flowing Wa- New mural on Nicollet Ave. Events 15 ters at Phalen Regional Park — in an urban Government & Politics 11 neighborhood of St. Paul; and the University from Chinese government partners, ranging culture, the reunion of families celebrating Language 5 of Minnesota-Shaanxi Provincial People’s from a gilded pavilion to three mountainous fall harvest are rituals dating back centuries Government, China Garden of Harmonious rocks. The harmony with nature in the form to ancient Chinese emperors and the Mid- History 4, 6 Beauty at the Minnesota Landscape Arbore- of water, rocks and plants will uplift your Autumn Moon Festival. Eating moon cakes News 3 tum — in the growing southwest community mood and cultural pride. has evolved with flavors of white lotus Opinion 4 of Chanhassen, showcase distinctive inter- Eat up the fall tradition of the harvest and red bean to chocolate, cream cheese, Pronouncements 2 pretations of the classic Chinese garden de- bounty, whether at farmers’ markets or Society 14 sign. Each garden prominently features gifts family and friends’ gatherings. In Chinese Continued on page 9 PAGE 2 / October 2019 pronouncements www.chinainsight.info Publisher’s Pronouncements ChinaInsight Greetings: Publisher: Fall is upon us. It is a time to enjoy the liam Y. Chang who recently passed away at American community and help to pave the emergence of fall colors as nature does it the age of 103. Chang was a Hawaiian-born way for future newspapers such as China Gregory J. Hugh thing and, sad to say, prepare for winter e. journalist whose English-language newspa- Insight. [email protected] Because of a record rain season, the colors per for the children of Chinese immigrants As, most of you know, Halloween is are expected to be exceptional, so take some in New York sought to help the children of primarily a holiday celebrated by children Manager of time to enjoy it while you can. Chinese immigrants acquire an American in the U.S. but is not quite as popular in Operations/Circulation: Be sure to read the update on the de- identity. For 17 years, he helped them adapt China. While other Western holidays like sign for the Congressional Gold Medal for to life in the United States. Christmas have made it over the Pacific, Richard He Chinese American WWII veterans (page 4) His monthly, Chinese-American Times, Halloween hasn’t caught on as a big thing [email protected] along with how to get involved to ensure was one of the few English-language to do in China but nevertheless, all of us at that theveterans receive the recognition newspapers in operation in the 1950s and China Insight wish you a Happy Halloween. Staff Writers: they deserve. ’60s that were aimed at a multigenerational China Insight is pleased to announce Chinese-American readership. “He wanted Greg Hugh that Jackson Venjohn has joined our all- them to feel they were American, yet still Sincerely, [email protected] volunteer staff as an intern and will be par- Chinese,” noted his daughter Dallas Chang, ticipating in all aspects of the publication. “… that they belonged to America, and that Elaine Dunn Read more about him on page 4 also. there were others like them.” [email protected] We are also happy to acknowledge a Chang closed the paper and retired Gregory J. Hugh group of Chinese American teenagers who in 1972 to travel with his wife. By then President – CEO Intern: have chosen to volunteer for a very noble Chinatown was changing. According to the China Insight, Inc. cause.. Read about them on page 7. Museum of Chinese in America in Manhat- Jackson Venjohn As you will read on page 8, China tan, Chinese-Americans were leaving the [email protected] Insight along with its affiliated company, neighborhood and new waves of Chinese Global Learning Alliance, hosted a recep- immigrants were moving in. Contributors: tion for a delegation of educators from In 2000, Chang received the museum’s Changsha, China, who attendied a training Legacy Award, along with the author Amy Bu Aihua course at the University of Minnesota’s Tan and the actor Jackie Chan. [email protected] China Center, Mingda Institute. We would like to thank Chang for being We, at China Insight, would like to ex- a pioneer in the publication of an English Matthew Cao tend our condolences to the family of Wil- language newspaper to serve the Chinese [email protected]

Chen Na FREE [email protected]

FREESUBSCRIPTIONS SUBSCRIPTIONS Judy Hohmann [email protected] Getting to know you . . . Who are you? What articles do you enjoy reading? Patrick Welsh China Insight would like to ensure our content matches your interests. Please take a few minutes to complete this poll so we can update our reader [email protected] demographics. For your time, the first 10 respondents each month will receive a free annual subscription to China Insight. Winners will be notified by email. Production Editor: Entry Form  Jennifer Nordin Please send me free China Insight for a year if I am one of the first 10 respondents this month The top two articles that interested me the most in this issue are: [email protected] Page Article title Page Article title I would like to see more articles on ChinaInsight About    ChinaInsight is a monthly English Employment Status Student Self-employed Retired Age 19 & under 20 - 40 Gender Male Other (please specify)  41 - 60  60 +  Female language newspaper fostering business and cultural harmony between China Employment Sector Education Government Private industry Ethnicity Asian Caucasian Hispanic and the U.S. Other (please specify) African American Other Where did you get this issue of China Insight? ChinaInsight is a Member of The

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Editor, ChinaInsight 750 Mainstreet, #230 nsight Hopkins, MN 55343 ChinaInsight I Tel: 612-723-4872 SUBSCRIPTION ORDER FORM Guaranteed [email protected] 10 issues - $24 for a domestic subscription and $40 for Letters to the editor become the property international. of ChinaInsight and may be edited for YES you could run to the length and published. Articles will not be Please make check payable to ChinaInsight, 750 Mainstreet, store and pick up a copy, but published without the express consent #230 Hopkins, MN 55343 did you know you can have of the author. Name______China nsight I delivered directly NOTICE TO READERS: The Address______to your mailbox? views expressed in articles are the City/State/Zip______A subscription costs a mere author’s and not necessarily those Phone______$24 and brings a full year (10 of ChinaInsight. Authors may have issues) of new understanding a business relationship with the Email______companies or businesses they discuss. about today’s China, Company______from language to business Title______opportunities. Copyright 2019 ChinaInsight, Inc. All Rights Reserved. www.chinainsight.info news October 2019 / PAGE 3 China Briefs Starfish landing High hopes A French man scaled up a 900- plus feet Hong Kong building, untethered, to pro- mote political unity between Hong Kong and China. He unfurled a banner with both the Chinese and Hong Kong flags. It also showed two hands locked in a handshake and a smiling sun looking on. Apparently, the stunt was sponsored by Dead Man’s Fingers rum he was hired to promote – his climbing attire displayed the British rum logo. He had performed a similar stuntfor the rum brand in London in November 2018. However, he did put out a statement prior to his climb saying he With the first flight, a China South- hoped he can “lower the temperature and ern, taking off from the new Daxing maybe raise a smile” regarding the ongoing airport in the afternoon of Sept. 25, anti-China protests. Beijing has joined the ranks of a hand- ful of cities such as London, New York High notes and Tokyo, that can boast two long-haul Ready, set, go! An 65-year-old Tom Jones wannabe international airports. from Jiangxi Province suffered a collapsed Designed by the late British-Iraqi lung while trying to hit the high notes during architect Zaha Hadid, Beijing’s new The visually stunning airport boasts a 10-song karaoke session. airport, in a single, star-shaped building, a glass and steel interior (above and According to the Nanchang News, the is 29 miles south of Beijing city center. below) where travelers will need to walk man experienced “breathing difficulties” It can handle 880,000 flights and 72 mil- no more than 2,000 feet to reach any after singing a few songs with “very high lion passengers per year. Construction of boarding gate. notes.” He also chose to ignore the chest the giant aviation hub began in 2014 and pains until they got so intense he checked employed an army of 10,000 workers, himself into hospital the following day. His costing approximately US$17 billion. doctor said his injury is a result of pressure The airport sits on 18 square miles caused by hitting those high notes. How with a terminal that is 7.5 million square long will his achy breaky lung make him feet (world’s largest). It has 268 jet Tencent Holdings Ltd., China’s tech sit out marathon karaoke sessions? bridges, five concourses, four runways powerhouse, is expanding its stake in the (with three more planned for phase two), technology sector. It established Tengshi High IQ two floors each for arrival and departure, School in May to further integrate software Not! The flight attendant on a flight five traditional Chinese outdoor gardens technology skills and professional skills. from Wuhan to Lanzhou had just briefed and energy-efficient features such as Tengshi provides training, employment tips the woman sitting next to the emergency rainwater collectors and a solar energy car on a “panel” in the parking lot and it and guidance in the AI industry. Its main exit about NOT touching the door lever farm. Its adoption of “smart” technolo- will be lifted to an empty spot by robots. focus is on AI, big data, cloud computing, unless in, what else (?), an emergency. But gies includes self check-in via facial To retrieve your car, scan in the parking mobile apps development and information no sooner had the flight attendant finished recognition, bag-drop kiosks, and radio ticket or enter the car’s license plate and security. than the woman decided the cabin air was frequency identification for luggage information on where to collect the car Since 2017, Tencent has partnered with too stuffy and proceeded to crack open the tracking. will be given. This is on a trial run with the Ministry of Education to focus on the emergency door! But the biggest and best feature is the two robots serving up to 148 spaces. ♦ development of new engineering talent Chinese travelers are notorious for robot parking service! You leave your training. The AI race is on! ♦ causing aviation chaos. This is at least the third time this year a Chinese passenger had opened the emergency exit door! Excuses made sexist and homophobic comments, ranged from fresh air, alternate (quicker) You’re fired! which were not discovered in NBC’s Home at last disembarkation via slide, mistaken for bath- Shane Gil- vetting process. room door and plain old curiosity. lis found out In May, Gillis referred to Democratic comedians are presidential candidate Andrew Yang as a High viewership not exempt from “Jew Chink” in another podcast. The Chinese government randomly being politically Yang did not think Gillis should be selected 100,000 people from all walks of incorrect these fired – a sentiment not shared by and life to attend the 70th National Day parade in days. No sooner surprised many. “We would benefit Beijing. In addition, families in low-income was the new-hire for the 45th season of from being more forgiving rather than households in poor areas will receive China- Saturday Night Live hired than he was punitive. We are all human,” he tweeted. made 32” color TVs so they, too, can watch fired! Apparently, a 2018 podcast of him Yang even offered to meet with Gillis. After months of investigation and dip- the “grandest parade of all time.” using “Chinks” and other racial slurs As we go to print, no word Gillis had lomatic negotiation, The Chinese National Do they get to keep the TVs after the against Asians surfaced. He also had accepted the invitation. ♦ Cultural Heritage Administration brought a parade? set of eight bronze food and water vessels back to China from Japan, where the valu- Low tolerance Butt out able relics ended up as a result of illegal trad- A dog owner in Sichuan Province who ing on the international market after 2014. did not want dog hair in his SUV strapped Hong Kong protesters had waved U.S. flags and marched to the U.S. The 2000-year-old bronzes were origi- the canine to the back bumper for his trip nally stolen from ancient tombs in Hubei down the street! The local traffic cops fined Consulate seeking Washington’s sup- port. U.S. House Speaker Nancy Pelosi Province. The utensils had Chinese char- him for the unconventional dog transport acters engraved on them, which provide and for changing lanes without signaling. and representatives from both parties also met with Joshua Wong, one of the researchers historical information relating to The US$7 fine is about the cost of a car the state of Zeng, modern-day Suzhou. The wash. student leaders from the 2014 Umbrella Revolution, and a few other HK activists, bronzes are believed to have belonged to a However, at least this dog got a ride. noble family of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty Some owners have been known to chain on Sept. 18 in Wash., D.C. The young activists also asked the U.S. government (770 B.C.-256 B.C.). They are part of an their dogs to the car and expect them to run exhibition of repatriated Chinese cultural along at the speed of the car! In 2016, a to stop exporting American police equip- should “stop promoting the review of ment used on the protesters. relevant Hong Kong-related proposals” objects at Beijing’s National Museum of driver in Shandong Province was stopped China held in conjunction with the 70th and attacked by bystanders for dragging his China’s foreign ministry promptly and that China accepts no interference denounced the meeting, saying HK was in its internal affairs. In other words, anniversary of the People’s Republic of dog to its death behind his SUV! China. ♦ Wonders never cease. ♦ “internal Chinese matter” and the U.S. MYOB. ♦ PAGE 4 / October 2019 opinion www.chinainsight.info Two summers in Greater-China: personal observations By Jackson Venjohn, contributor terrain. Pairing the sweltering June heat with and ligaments” of cross-border relations ships with professionals in key industries, humidity seemed to make every trip outside both economically and politically. This past understand better the complex history and feel like a workout. summer while in Shanghai, Hong Kong, and political nuances of Greater-China, solidify- After Hong Kong, I arrived in Taiwan Taiwan, I was able to strengthen relation- ing my strong desire to return soon. ♦ to continue working on my Mandarin profi- ciency at National Taiwan University. While Jackson Venjohn is a native of Minnetonka, Minn., where his interest in China was first in Taipei, I experienced Taiwan’s rich cul- sparked while studying Mandarin in middle school. Years later, he found himself gravitating ture, enjoyed great food, learned how to surf, toward China’s people, culture and rich history as well. and appreciated many fun outdoor activities Venjohn is currently an undergraduate at the University of Minnesota Carlson School of on the beautiful island of Taiwan. In addi- Management, studying finance and Chinese. He is a member of the University’s highly competi- tion, this summer enabled me to compare tive Chinese Flagship Program, a U.S. Department of Defense-backed initiative that “trains and contrast the perspectives of cross-strait students from diverse disciplines to achieve superior-level Mandarin proficiency and promotes relations in Taiwan with my valuable expe- their success as global professionals.” He has just begun a 12-month internship with China riences from the prior summer in Beijing. Insight and will participate in all aspects of the publication. Based on my discussions with individuals on both banks of the Taiwan Strait, it seemed those from the mainland generally view the History shared history, language, and in some re- spects, culture with Taiwan as main reasons Design of Congressional for re-unifying China. Conversely, it seemed Venjohn on Elephant Mountain (象山) in most Taiwanese value the island’s political Gold Medal for Chinese Taipei, June 2019 and economic independence paramount to In 2018, I spent eight weeks in Beijing other reasons for not reunifying. My experi- at Capital Normal University studying ences in mainland China and Taiwan were American WWII veterans Mandarin in a language-intensive program. very positive overall. Individuals from all I thoroughly enjoyed experiencing Asia perspectives welcomed my interest in study- marches forward first in Beijing because it is the cultural and ing Mandarin and their East-Asian culture. Source: Jennifer Zhan, Asian American News political center of China. That summer was During this summer’s midterm break, I particularly impactful because I arrived at returned to the mainland briefly, spending the beginning of formal trade friction be- three days in Shanghai meeting with busi- tween the United States and China. I had the ness professionals in the financial services opportunity to discuss Sino-U.S. economics industry. It was interesting observing how with professors, students and newly made views of the Sino-U.S. trade friction have Chinese friends in Beijing. shifted since the previous summer. Few In July 2018, at the International Mon- college students have the opportunity to etary Forum at Renmin University in understand first-hand the perspectives of Beijing, I heard perspectives on the current the different parties that constitute Greater- U.S.-China trade situation from Chinese and China. For these experiences, I am very American students attending the world’s grateful. Meeting with finance profession- top universities. The forum was particu- als who have “skin in the game” helped me larly thought provoking as I recognized that better understand the implications of the with the possible exception of U.S.-Japan U.S.-China trade friction and the outlook of economic friction in the 1980s, looking U.S.-China relations going forward. These back on history, there are few historical experiences have been most influential and Image courtesy of U.S. Mint examples that are appropriate to compare to will likely leave the greatest impact on me. the current trade situation. The lack of his- At the conclusion of my summer pro- The Citizens Coin Advisory Commit- OCA– Asian Pacific American Advo- torical basis makes forming an opinion and gram at National Taiwan University, I had tee (CCAC) has recommended a design for cates President Sharon Wong said in a 2018 siphoning out truth on the current complex the opportunity to present a final thesis the Congressional Gold Medal for Chinese press release that the recognition was “very and controversial trade situation difficult, project on the “Current Status of East-Asian American World War II veterans, Coin timely,” given that the law passed following yet evermore fascinating. Financial Markets.” As our world becomes World reports. the 75th anniversary of the repeal of the This summer, I was able to return to East more and more globalized and while East- On Sept. 18, the committee reviewed Chinese Exclusion Act. The OCA-Asian Asia for nine weeks in Taipei, Taiwan. Be- Asian economies continue to expand and more than a dozen designs each for both Pacific American Advocates is dedicated fore that, I spent a week in Hong Kong with develop, one area that has particularly sides of the medal before making its rec- to advancing the social, political, and eco- the purpose of understanding the greater interested me among others is cross-border ommendation to Treasury Secretary Steven nomic well-being of Asian Americans and Guangdong region better and strengthening mergers and acquisitions (M&A). Mnuchin, according to Coin World. Pacific Islanders. relationships with business professionals in The CCAC recommended an obverse “Over 20,000 Chinese-Americans Hong Kong. My weeklong stay coincided side that depicts Chinese American service- served their nation and sacrificed their lives with the first week of political demonstra- men and a nurse. The recommended reverse for the sake of our freedom. Although many tions in Hong Kong. At the time, the mag- side sets a World War II American flag of the veterans are no longer with us, it is nitude to which these demonstrations would behind an Iowa-class battleship (a class of still poignant that they have been recognized develop was unknown. In that way, I did fast battleships for intercepting fast enemy by their country for their service,” Wong not consider the situation thoroughly until ships), an M4 Sherman tank and a P-40 added in the statement. several days after I had left. Warhawk from the Flying Tigers. The law dictates that after the medal is Until arriving in Hong Kong, I had According to the Chinese-American formally awarded in honor of the veterans, underestimated the differences between World War II Veteran Congressional Gold it will be given to the Smithsonian Institu- mainland China and the Special Administra- Medal Act, Congress finds that “Chinese tion to be displayed and made available for Venjohn presenting final thesis project at tive Region: language, culture, landscape, National Taiwan University, August 2019 Americans served the United States in every research. economics and politics. As Cantonese is the conflict since the Civil War, and distin- Coin World also reports that the U.S. native dialect in Hong Kong, it felt unusual When a Chinese company acquires a guished themselves in World War II, serving Mint will strike and offer 1.5-inch and and uncomfortable being in an Asian city U.S. company (or any foreign company for in every theater of war and every branch of 3-inch bronze duplicates of the gold medal where I could read the characters but could that matter), there are serious implications service, earning citations for their heroism for public sale. ♦ not communicate verbally except through that are not necessarily present in domestic and honorable service, including the Medal English. However, after several days in the mergers or acquisitions. Among these are of Honor.” Note: Go to www.caww2.org to register financial center of Asia, I began to grasp different legal systems, languages and Senator Tammy Duckworth (D-IL) known Chinese American veterans of WWII just how special Hong Kong is. The vertical cultural norms that make valuing how com- sponsored the bill that called Congress and perhaps be eligible for a free replica nature of the city’s seemingly innumerous panies might synergize and work together to award this collective honor to Chinese of the Congressional Gold Medal that is skyscrapers fueled by the world’s freest among the most interesting challenges. In- American WWII veterans. It was intro- now estimated to be awarded in the Spring economy and capital markets, is extraordi- ternational M&A activity continues to be a duced in the Senate in 2017 and became of 2020. nary given Hong Kong’s steep, mountainous catalyst for growth and acts as the “tendons Public Law 115-337 in December of 2018. www.chinainsight.info language October 2019 / PAGE 5 Chinese Language Corner (漢語角落) By Pat Welsh, contributor

This month, we will look at ways to give simple descriptions. Since language is fluid Pronunciation reminders and regional variations do creep in to daily use and can be heard in many Chinese movies, This system follows Chinese Pinyin with the exception that the letter “u” which has I will try to include these as well, especially those Beijing variations. two pronunciations. Sometimes it has the value of ü (“ee” as in see with rounded lips). At those times we use the symbol “ü” instead of Pinyin “u.” In making this sound, it is Some of the words we will be using for this month most important that the vowel more resembles an “ee” sound and definitely not sounding like a “oo” sound as in “moon.” Chinese English Pinyin characters a, an, ang The “a” in these syllables sounds like the “a” in “father.” ao Sounds like the “ow” in “cow.” A suffix following adjectives composed of two or more de, ge Here the “e” sounds much like the “a” in “above” or the “u” in “under.” 的 syllables. After nouns or pronouns, the word “de“ indicates de ei Sounds like the “ay” in “say” or “day.” possession. This word is always said in the “neutral tone.” en, eng Sounds like the “un” in “fun” or the “ung” in “lung.” A measure word for books and pamphlets. See measure ian Sounds like “ee-ehn” or “yen” (Here “ehn” and “en” almost sounds like 本 bĕn words and how they are used discussed below. the word “yen”.) nǚ Sounds almost like the English word “knee” but your lips must be rounded, A measure word for people and many common objects. 个 ge not spread. That (In Beijing, you might hear nèi instead.) 那 nà ong The “o” here sounds much like the “oo” in “ooze” or “spoon.” q Sounds like an aspirated tch; qin sounds like “tcheen.” Which (In Beijing, you might hear nĕi instead.) 哪 ă qǜ Sounds like “tchee” but said with rounded lips. This (In Beijing, you might hear zhèi instead.) 这 zhè shi Sounds almost like the “shir” in “shirt.” The tongue is retracted and curled up. A measure word for mountains, hills and many buildings 座 zuò si Sounds somewhat like sz, the vowel short, it is between “i” in “it” and “u” in “mut.” When descriptions are made, the adjective precedes the noun ü Sounds much like the “ee” in “see” but the vowel must be uttered with rounded lips. English Chinese characters Pinyin x Sounds like a weak “sh”; xing sounds like “sheeng.” you Sounds somewhat like the “yo” in “yodel.” big mountain 大山 da shān z Sounds like a “tz” without any aspiration. Pronouncing this as ‘dz’ betrays good person 好人 hăo rén American. accent which will still be understood by the listener. If the adjective itself is modified by an adverb, the adverb will precede the adjective. An unstressed particle 的 “de” is added and it directly precedes the noun. This “de” is uttered in the neutral tone. Tones Using numbers: 5 = your normal high 4 = mid-high 3 = your normal mid pitch English Chinese characters Mandarin Pinyin 2 = mid low pitch 1 = your normal low pitch very big mountain 很大的山 hĕn dà-de shān Tone Description Notes very good person 很好的人 hĕn hăo-de rén If an adjective is composed of two or more syllables, the unstressed particle 的 “de” ā High level pitch (55) Regarding Tone ă is inserted directly preceding the noun. á Mid-Rising Tone (35) 1. when occurring directly before ă Dipping (213) another dipping tone, tone ă becomes à High falling pitch (51) tone á. Thus “hĕn hăo” (very good) English Chinese characters Mandarin Pinyin a An unstressed neutral tone. Follow- changes to “hén hăo” pretty woman 漂亮的女人 piào-liang-de nü̆ -rén ing other syllables, syllables in this 2. occurring directly before any other bored man, boring man 无聊的男人 ẃu-liáo-de nán-rén tone tend to be slightly lower that tone, Tone ă will change to a mid-falling of the previous syllable. The lone tone English will usually prefix these phrases with such words “a,” “an” or “the.” Techni- exception is when it occurs after Regarding Tone à cally, Chinese lacks a word for these three English articles. However, it is not unusual for tone ă when the neutral tone is often When occurring before another à tone Chinese to use an expression such as “yi” (one) 一 followed by a one syllable “measure slightly higher. The first tone à reduces its fall to 53 word” such as “ge” 个 . Next month, we will deal with asking about and identifying common objects and places. This is especially true where you are thinking “a…” Describing these objects will be treated afterwards. ♦ English Chinese characters Mandarin Pinyin

a beautiful woman 一个漂亮的女人 yí-ge piào-liang-de nü̆ -rén a boring man 一个无聊的男人 yí-ge wú-liáo-de nán-rén a very high mountain 一座很高的山 yí-zuò hĕn gāo-de shān Production Editor Needed

Chinese also lacks a word for “the.” Therefore, when Chinese say something like “This Great opportunity to gain experience in laying out China is the book,” (in the sense of “This is the book I was talking about.”), they might say Insight, a monthly tabloid newspaper that has serving the something that literally means: “It’s this book,” “It’s that book.” community for 17-plus years.

Chinese English Mandarin Pinyin characters • The right candidate must know InDesign Creative Suite and have graphics background. It’s this book. (This is the book.) 就是这本书。 Jiù-shì zhè-bĕn shū. • Reliability and ability to meet deadlines are critical. It’s this book. 是这本书。 Shì zhè-bĕn shū. It’s that book. 是那本书。 Shì nà-bĕn shū. • A strong interest in Chinese culture and business matters will be an asset. • Must be willing to take creative initiative and be a

About Pat Welsh team player. In 2009 while teaching English at Sichuan University, Welsh was asked to give a speech where he was introduced to the audience as a “pioneer of Chinese American relations” as a This is classified as a volunteer position, but a small stipend result of his cooperative work in international banking during the Deng Xiaoping era. For will be provided to the right individual who demonstrates a more than 65 years, Welsh has been learning Chinese and has used this knowledge both pro- strong passion for our mission and can work with minimal fessionally and personally to enhance his understanding of Chinese and Asian affairs. He uses Beijing Mandarin most frequently when meeting with senior Chinese government officials when supervision. conducting business in China. For 17 years, Welsh taught Chinese, German and Spanish in two local high schools. Now Send resumé to Greg Hugh at [email protected] or fully retired, he currently resides in Georgia where he used to lecture on China to a number of call 612-723-4872 classes at Dunwoody High School. PAGE 6 / October 2019 history www.chinainsight.info Two national days: Oct. 1 and Oct. 10 By Elaine Dunn

The first National Day (1949) was captured by artist Dong Xiwen in an oil painting, unveiled in 1953. The painting, however, had to be “edited” in 1954 where the bearded gentleman to Mao’s left was purged from the Party and the painting after he called for Mao to retire. His spot was replaced by a potted chrysanthemum!

In 1949, Chairman Mao Zedong de- participants rush toward the review platform Typical crowd on the Shanghai Bund on National Day clared on Oct. 1 the founding of the People’s to cheer and greet the leaders present. A Republic of China (PRC) and Oct. 1 would “living image” element was added in 1957. in major tourist destinations enjoyed close to Taiwan and in large Chinatowns by over- be its National Day. This consisted of thousands of people hold- 70 percent bookings. According to WeChat, seas Chinese. On the mainland, if Oct. 10 That first inaugural proclamation was ing bouquets or colored placards facing Ti- the bulk of travel by Chinese during the is recognized at all, it is recognized as the followed by a military parade, numbering ananmen Gate to form a huge visual pattern. 2017 National Day Golden Week, which co- anniversary of the Wuchang Uprising. 16,400 troops and thousands of cheering Around the holiday, portraits of revered incided with Mid-autumn Festival that year, The first Double Ten National Day civilians marching along. leaders are prominently displayed in public originated from four first-tier cities: Beijing, celebration in Taiwan took place in 1949. Since 1949, National Day in China spaces still. Guangzhou, Shanghai and Shenzhen. Most Tragedy struck the celebration of 1964. has been marked by much bigger military With the growing economy, the Chinese headed to countries within Southeast Asia, One of the three air force fighters doing a parades (in Beijing and Shanghai), state government established a weeklong holiday with Hong Kong being the most popular flyover struck a broadcasting tower. Its fuel banquets, large political gatherings and in the year 2000 for celebrating National destination. The most remote destination tank separated and fell to the ground, killing speeches. In 1954, Beijing even sent a Day, known as “Golden Week.” From Oct. for these travelers was Greenland. three spectators, one of whom was a baby. representative to Moscow to study how the 1-7, it seems like the entire population is on To mark the 70th anniversary of the The other two fighters collided mid-air while Soviets conducted such events. The result the move! Government statistics showed PRC, President Xi Jinping will deliver a looking for the crashed one, killing both pi- of that trip was the addition of an “advancing that on that first Golden Week, 59.82 million speech to be followed by a military parade lots. The parade was suspended until 1971, forward in unison” element, where parade Chinese traveled during the holiday. Hotels and mass pageantry. In the evening, there and the flyover resumed in 1975. will be fireworks and art performances. Nowadays, Double Ten Day means a A first for this year is the recognition day off for the Taiwanese. Celebrations in of prominent figures who have “made out- Taipei, capital of Taiwan, begin with rais- standing contributions to and the develop- ing of the flag in front of the Presidential ment of” the PRC. Foreigners who have Building followed by singing of the National made significant contributions to China’s Anthem. The military parade has given way modernization also will receive Medals of to a parade by civic organizations, athletes Friendship. and disaster response personnel, which So that’s Oct. 1. What about Oct. 10, is followed by a speech by the president. also known as Double Ten Day. What is Nowadays, the day’s celebration focus on its significance? What does it celebrate? the nation’s uniformed service personnel, In the early1900s, the Han Chinese has not its military. The day concludes with had enough of rampant corruption within fireworks. the ineffective Manchu government. They Many modern Taiwanese view Oct. 10 also resented foreign encroachment and los- not as “Taiwan’s birthday,” but as the birth ing control of their ports to the Europeans. of a new regime in China in 1911, that led to Furthermore, they harbored deep-seated the end of the imperial Qing dynasty. They discontent of the Europeans restoring the also look forward to the day when they can Manchus to power after the Taiping Rebel- celebrate Taiwan as an official independent lion (1850-1864). country, with membership to the United On Oct. 10, 1911, in Wuhan, Hu- Nations. ♦ bei Province, revolutionaries organized the Wuchang Uprising, which brought about the eventual col- lapse of the Qing Dynasty in February 1912. The Wuchang Uprising also resulted in the dec- laration of independence from the central government by Wuchang and other provinces. In the ensuing Chinese civil war (1945-1949), the govern- ment of the Republic of China (the Kuomintang founded by Dr. Sun Yat-sen in 1912, and later led by Chiang Kai Shek) was defeated by Mao Zedong’s Com- munist Party and fled to Taiwan in 1949. Therefore, Double Ten Students participate in Double Ten National Day Parade Day is mainly celebrated only in in Taiwan. www.chinainsight.info community October 2019 / PAGE 7

Edina teens 24527 co-founded Twin 5 x 7 bw Cities’ Super Joey Foundation By Matthew Cao

Managing your money your way You have places to go and people to see. Stay on top of your finances when and where it’s convenient for you — with your laptop or mobile device, in a branch, or at one of our ATMs. At Wells Fargo, it’s all about making your banking easier.

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Teen volunteers at the 5K run fundraiser. Left to right: Lenny Chen, Steven Wang, May wellsfargo.com Tang, Joy Tang

To most, September marks the end of who are undergoing treatment. Ronald summer and the month school resumes. McDonald House provides housing and But to a group of teens in Edina, it meant a food within the hospital for little-to-no cost lot more. September is Childhood Cancer to the families, thereby effectively giving Awareness Month. them one less thing to worry about. © 2019 Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. All rights reserved. Member FDIC. IHA-24527 This past May, when most high school- Though the Twin Cities branch started ers were eagerly awaiting the start of sum- very recently, the team had been busy. In mer vacation, this group of teens co-founded July, we volunteered to serve brunch at the the Twin Cities’ branch of the Super Joey Ronald McDonald House at the Children’s ArtsCulture Foundation. Specialty Center in downtown Minneapolis. The first Super Joey Foundation was First, we contacted some local restaurants founded in Los Angeles, inspired by a such as 98 Pound Buffet, Hawaii Poke Bowl, Gathering: Collecting and 4-year-old boy from Los Angeles named Golden Wok, and Blackwater Coffee & Café Joey, who was diagnosed in 2013 with to donate food. Then we cooked up some Documenting Chinese Stage-III Wilms tumor (a type of cancer that scrambled eggs, sausages and pancakes on starts in the kidneys and the most common site and served approximately 100 people American History type of kidney cancer in children). Though staying at the Ronald McDonald House. Joey battled and overcame many challenges, The brunch was a great success, with a huge Location: Museum of Chinese in America, 215 Centre Street, New York he unfortunately lost his fight against cancer surplus of food! City in February 2016. More recently, the group hosted a 5k Date: Oct. 17 – March 22, 2020 When a child faces a serious illness or race for families in the Twin Cities as a injury, the entire family is put under intense fundraiser. A wide range of ages came out “Gathering: Collect- Objects Project, through pressure. Between medical treatments, high in support of the Super Joey Foundation, ing and Documenting the Tenement Museum’s medical costs, and possible displacement, and the entry fees, combined with donations, Chinese American His- “Your Story, Our Story” the parents and child all take a heavy toll. generated more than $1,000 in profit, which tory” tells the story of digital platform. The Super Joey Foundation was founded to went towards hosting future events to benefit historical societies, muse- “Gathering” will be alleviate some of the stress to these families families at the Ronald McDonald Houses, as ums, and organized proj- accompanied by the ex- through meaningful community service. well as more fundraising events to benefit ects that document and hibition “The Chinese It hopes to instill “a love of volunteering the community. make public the history Helped Build the Railroad from an early age” and to help its volunteers “I think it’s a great opportunity to help of Chinese throughout – The Railroad Helped “understand the needs of others.” the community” says Joy Tang, chairwoman America. Build America,” which Since its inception, the organization has of the Twin Cities chapter. “Seeing our work This is a first-of-its- tells the story of the expanded to more than 10 cities across the make an impact makes me happy.” kind survey exhibition more than 12,000 Chi- United States, including Boston, Seattle and, We welcome and look forward to hear- in what is part of MO- nese laborers who built most recently, the Twin Cities. ing from anyone interested in volunteering. CA’s yearlong initiative a significant part of the Melody Zhou, known for her work in Time commitment is low. Participants to commemorate the Transcontinental Railroad the Chinese community as the president will meet and work with people from a wide contributions of Chinese and the resulting backlash of the Minnesota International Chinese cross-section and develop new leadership railroad workers in the against the Chinese after School, recruited some family friends skills. The group meets monthly to plan completion of the Trans- its completion in 1869. earlier this year to start the local branch. I events every few months. For more infor- continental Railroad 150 years ago. This historical exhibition traces the Chi- and some Chinese American teens at Edina mation about the Super Joey Foundation, The goal of this exhibit is to showcase nese contribution to the construction of the High responded. We got involved with the visit tinyurl.com/superjoeymn or email the breadth, depth, and investment of or- Transcontinental Railroad. Starting in 2012, foundation through her. [email protected]. ♦ ganized documentation and collection of photographer Li Ju visited sites along the Currently, the Twin Cities team is com- Chinese history in America. It is hoped route of the Transcontinental Railroad. This pletely run by teens. While we are still all that this project will expand the dialogue, exhibition presents historical photographs in school, we have organized and completed strengthen connections, and increase collab- alongside Li’s contemporary images of a few successful events already. Read ChinaInsight online orative work among relevant organizations. significant railroad sites to resurrect these We teamed up with the Ronald Mc- www.chinainsight.info For “Gathering,” the MOCA worked stories and honor the achievements of the Donald House to support families of those closely with 1882 Foundation and its 50 laborers. ♦ PAGE 8 / October 2019 education www.chinainsight.info A delegation of educators from Changsha, China visit Minnesota By Greg Hugh

A delegation of 27 educators from Garden Society - part of a delegation from Changsha, recently attended the Psychol- Minnesota that will be visiting Changsha, ogy of Education course at the University the sister city of St. Paul, the week of Oct. of Minnesota China Center’s Mingda In- 5- were in attendance.. stitute for Leadership Training. As part Although it was planned as an informal, of the training program, the China Center social event, the hosts included a program enlists the assistance of local organizations to provide some more background on the and individuals to provide the delegates State of Minnesota. Richard He along with the experience of western culture includ- Greg Hugh, founders and executives of ing sightseeing, sporting events and other China Insight and Global Learning Alliance, aspects of Minnesota Nice. welcomed the delegation while the group The delegates, comprised of K-12 prin- enjoyed a catered dinner from Legendary cipals and teachers. They arrived here on Spice Restaurant. Chang Wang, a principal Sept. 15 and will depart on Oct. 4. with the Kingsfield Law Firm, was then In addition to the formal course work, introduced by He to deliver a presentation they visited some Minnetonka schools, Yin- that covered immigration aspects during the ghua Academy, Highland Park High School, New Era. Following his presentation, Wang Wayzata High School and Jie Ming Acad- graciously held a Q & A session and pre- emy. They also saw the governor’s man- sented the entire delegation with a copy of sion, the state capitol and the Xiang Jiang his book, “New Tales of the Twin Cities-The Pavilion at Lake Phalen. The delegation also History, Law, and Culture of Minnesota,” attended a Twins game and a football game which is published in Chinese. John Twohig, at Hamline University. A trip to Duluth was director of Northland Scholars Academy, also part of their extracurricular activities. was then introduced by He to make the final Naturally, no trip to the U.S. and Minne- presentation of the evening discussing the sota would be complete without a shopping benefits of attending the academy, trip to Mall of America, which dominated China Insight, Global Learning Alliance most of their last Sunday here. and the China Center are pleased to have China Insight, along with its affiliated been able to provide the delegation from company Global Learning Alliance, hosted Changsha with a worthwhile experience. a reception later that evening for those who Wishes for a safe trip home along with the still had the energy. Several board mem- many good experiences and memories that bers from the Minnesota China Friendship have been created. ♦ www.chinainsight.info arts & culture October 2019 / PAGE 9 Minnesotan fall traditions with a Chinese twist Continued from page 1

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Red pagoda at the Landscape Arboretum, Chaska

custard, green tea and fruity options. While the Autumn Moon Festival 5 CARD DRAW POKER was commemorated this year on Sept. 13 with a Rainbow Chinese Restaurant on Nicollet full moon, moon cake Ave. aficionados can indulge ton, Prior Lake and Savage) at U.S. Bank JACKS OR BETTER Mooncake year-round. Stadium Level 3 during Vikings home Fall traditions are games. Choose Chinese sesame chicken, about seasonal pairings. One pairing is vegetable fried rice and five-spice chicken DEUCES WILD food and Chinese art. While Minnesota is wings — the “newest home-town flavors” renowned for its expansive Chinese culi- from a restaurant first founded in 1958. ROYAL FLUSH WINS UP TO $24,000 nary talent, the art of Chinese culture paired For longtime Vikings fans, another tie to with food took to the streets this year. The Chinese culture -- NFL linebacker Kailee legendary “Eat Street” in Minneapolis, dat- Wong played for the Vikings from 1998- RunAces.com ing back five decades, is described as “the 2001, selected by the Vikes in the 1998 several-block stretch along Nicollet Ave. second round NFL Draft. that is home to more than 50 restaurants, Perhaps the most enduring Fall tradi- with cuisines representing a wide variety of tion is the spirit of learning and renewal. places around the world: China, Germany, Paired with Chinese culture, it is that desire Greece Jamaica, Malaysia, Mexico, Viet- to explore and learn more about heritage, nam, and more.” It is here that Rainbow history and contemporary life. Get started Chinese Restaurant, owned by chef Tammy with these: Wong. -- a local pioneer in cooking with Minneapolis Institute of Art presents Ancient Medicine local and sustainable foods, and in “green- a free exhibit of Chinese art, “An Art as ing” the Eat Street landscape with plants Lyrical as Poetry,” featuring recently ac- and sidewalk gardens -- for 27+ years, first quired Chinese paintings, through Nov. 24. for Modern Healthcare introduced a street mural featuring a family Theater Mu presents “Fast Company” of Chinese pandas. In Fall, 2019, Wong by Carla Ching, American playwright, at enlisted artist Erin Sayer to reproduce a Dowling Studio/Guthrie Theater, a dram- The Doctor of Chinese Medicine new version of the street mural. Indoors edy about a family of swindlers hoping to program allows students to gain or out, Rainbow offers a tasty menu from pull off their best con, Nov. 8-24. a deeper understanding of dumplings, noodles and more—even a Walker Art Center presents “Five mocktail named after Chinese-American Ways In: Themes from the Collection” Chinese medicine and how it actress Lucy Liu. exhibit in Galleries 4, 5, 6 with Wing provides the natural solution for Another fall pairing: Chinese food Young Huie as one of the artists, thru today's healthcare issues. and sport. Fall 2019 features Minnesota Sept. 26, 2021. A Duluth native and son of Vikings football with Chinese chow. Enjoy Chinese immigrants, Huie’s work includes the first-ever pairing of Chinese food from Frogtown and Lake Street outdoor photo David Fong’s Restaurants (of Blooming- exhibits. and memoir “Chinese-ness.” ♦

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nwhealth.edu/Chinalnsight DIVERSITY RECEIVE AInquirecupunct atur e Chinese Medicine Chiropractic • 952-885-5409Therapy Fong’s at US Bank Stadium 1 SCHOLARSHIPS 50% OFF & • • Massage AVA IL ABLE TU IT ION PAGE 10 / October 2019 arts & culture www.chinainsight.info Goddess Sa worship in Dong ethnic groups in China, Part I By Chen Na and Bu Aihua, The Center for Hunan Cultural Heritage at Huaihua University, contributors

Note: This is the first article of two on Goddess Sa worship by Dong ethnic groups submitted by The Center for Hunan Cultural Heritage as U.S.-China cultural and educational exchange and research. The Center for Hunan Cultural Heritage is located in Huaihua University, southwest Hunan Province, China. It is a provincial translation institute dedicated to the preservation and development of Hunan’s diverse ethnic communities and shared with the global community. This month’s article features folk beliefs of Shamanism---the practice of Goddess Sa worship in Dong ethnic groups in China. Chen Na is a lecturer at Foreign Language School of Huaihua University. Her research interests cover comparative educa- tion and cross-culture study. Living in the minority area, she has strong affection and various chances to experience the minority cultures in the local area. Professor Bu Aihua is the head of International office, Centre for Hongkong, Macau and Taiwan Exchange as well as the dean of International School of Huaihua University. Her major research interests cover comparative education, biculturalism and bicultural active living lifestyle with a special focus on the Hmong youth in western part of Hunan Province and the state of Minnesota. She is also the vice director of the Center for Hunan Cultural Heritage. This article is also supported by the 2018 key project of the Philosophy and Social Sciences Fund Project of Huaihua Municipality.

Goddess Sa is the goddess grandmother defend their homeland and long-suffering something good or special, they of Dong ethnic groups and also the embodi- fellow villagers. Later when outnumbered, would offer to Goddess Sa first ment of everything wonderful in Dong she was besieged, and resolutely jumped for protection and blessing. In culture. Dong people believe they are her off the cliff and sacrificed her life bravely addition, if a family member is descendants and that she protects them and and gloriously. From then on, Xingni was sick, they would go to Sax dungh bless them for happiness, harmony and remembered and worshiped by Dong people to pray to Goddess Sa. After re- prosperity. Goddess Sa knows everything, as a symbol of Goddess Sa. An altar, Sax covery, they would return to Sax and she created everything in the world. In dungh, was built to commemorate her at dungh to express their gratitude Dong regions, every Dong village builds the hilltop of Nongtanggai in Longe village, by offering a piece of meat as a Sax dungh (萨坛), an altar for Goddess Sa, Liping County in Guizhou Province, where sacrifice to Goddess Sa. How- to worship her. The Sax dungh is usually she once fought and died, and is also con- ever, there are different sacrificial located in an open area of the village, beside sidered the general Sax dungh for Goddess rituals for Goddess Sa in different the Dong drum towers, at the entrance or Sa by Dong people. Dong regions. end of a Dong village, or even on the edge of cliff of a Dong village. Fire-picking-up The practice of Goddess Sa worship has ceremony to welcome been infiltrating every aspect of the lives of Dong people. This article looks at Goddess Goddess Sa In Guizhou Province, when Sa worship from two aspects: the origin of a village is newly built, Dong Goddess Sa worship; the practice of God- people must invite their profes- dess Sa worship in Dong ethnic groups in sional master Yin and Yang ( different Dong regions. An open air Sax dungh in a Dong village---- photo from 阴阳) to help them build Sax Wu DingYong dungh to welcome Goddess Sa I. The origin of Goddess Sa to the village and their homes. worship The general Sax dungh at the hill of The Dong masters Yin and Yang are usually of approximately 15 (W) by 20 (L) and, Nongtanggai in Longe village--- photo from The mythological first Goddess Sa is middle-aged men and considered to possess 3(H) “chi.” Weizhizhong originated from some folk stories in Dong great power and specially trained. They On the midnight of the day of the regions. The most popular one is that God- are usually in charge of offering sacrifice completion of Sax dungh, the Dongs would Afterwards, when Dong people build dess Sa is Dong people’s great-grandmother, or connecting their ancestors and Goddess hold a fire-picking-up ceremony to welcome their own Sax dungh in their village, they Samianbi, who gave birth to all things in the Sa, etc., to the world or Dong people, and Goddess Sa to the village and their homes. 1 would send out a team, cross mountains and world. According to Dong Kuanci (款词) , helping build or repair Sax dungh. The Dong On that day, the villagers would prepare a rivers to Nongtanggai, where they would Samianbi hatched four eggs in the mountain believe that women do not possess psychic small pile of wood shavings in Sax dungh bring some white stones and mud back village. Three bad ones were thrown away, powers for inviting Goddess Sa to come out for ignition. When the night falls, all fami- to their own village, symbolically guid- and the good one bore Songsang. From then to talk with them. lies in the village would first put out the ing Goddess Sa’s soul back to their own on, we had the root of reproduction. To build a Sax dungh, first dig a rect- lights and fire in their houses. At midnight, newly-built altar for worshiping the holy Samianbi, also known as Satianba by angular, square or circular “eye well”--- a the masters Yin and Yang would start a Goddess Sa. some Dong ethnic groups, is believed to hearth with about 5 “chi” (尺)2 deep, then fire the primitive way – strike ham stones According to Chinese historical records, be a giant spider with four hands, four feet put an iron pot with a small silver pot inside, with a sickleonce. When the fire is blazing Goddess Sa is Lady Xian, the leader of the and two big thousand-sight eyes. She is not a bracket, a bowl, chopsticks, a cup, clothes merrily, every villager would reverently ancient Yue ethnic people, who is the an- only large, but also has omnipotent power, and other daily necessities and textile tools come to Sax dungh to welcome the fire and cestor of Dong ethnic groups. Dong people giving birth to the heaven, earth and man- such as spinning wheel, loom, and shuttle to show their respect and devotion. Then build Sax dungh to worship her in memory kind. She created the world and nurtured etc., then bury the iron pot, into a mound each family would take the sparks of the of her great achievements, and she has been all living creatures. In Dong language, “Sa” fire home, which means they considered the symbol of the means “mother,” “grandmother,” “mother’s guide Goddess Sa home. supreme Goddess Sa by Dong mother,” “father’s mother,” or “the first Dong people believe that if people. grandmother.” “Tian” means “thousand,” the fire is bestowed from the and “Ba” refers to “aunt.” Thus, “Satianba” first grandmother, she would means “the first goddess grandmother who II. The practice of bless their families for burn- bore thousands of aunts.” In Dong culture, Goddess Sa worship ing fire to cook from one the uncle’s wives on the mother’s side and In Dong regions, the pop- generation to another. ♦ sisters on the father’s side enjoy more power ular practice of worshiping and authority than their parents in a family, Goddess Sa is believed to Notes: so their nephews respectfully call their aunts help t and protect the Dongs 1. Dong Kuanci, as “款词” in “Ba” (巴), which symbolizes sacred female all the time. Whether they Chinese, is an encyclopedia of in Dong society. get up early or go to sleep Dong ethnic groups mainly about Besides, Goddess Sa is the heroine late, or go out to meet with Dong folk regulations, and it Xingni in ancient Dong society. In order to friends or sow or harvest, also covers Dong ethnic origin, history, geography, economy, resist the oppression of the local govern- they would always worship politics, and literature etc. ment, she rose in revolt and led Dong people Goddess Sa and pray for her 2. Chi: a Chinese measure unit of to fight against the tyrannical government, blessing first. When they get The statue of Lady Xian in Gaozhou city, Guangdong province---photo from www. baidu.com length (1 Chi =1/3 meter) www.chinainsight.info government & politics October 2019 / PAGE 11

Hong Kong today, HOST FAMILIES NEEDED Host a Chinese student and make a difference… Taiwan tomorrow Enrich their experience and enhance your own By Elaine Dunn ♦ As a host family you share American President Xi Jinping has steered China over it. culture with a student from China into one of its most repressive periods since The Taiwanese are increasingly alarmed and provide them more than they Mao Zedong’s rule. Those who dare step by what’s happening in Hong Kong since could learn in a classroom. outside party line are silenced, detained, or Xi had mentioned “One Country, Two worse. The fact that he is unencumbered by Systems” may be a model for Taiwan after ♦ Learn about their culture, explore presidential term limits has empowered his reunification, AND that “China reserved the the differences and develop new pursuit of “national rejuvenation” more than right to use force” to that end. connections. ever. And reunification is only a matter of Approximately 300 Taiwanese turned up destiny and a requirement for rejuvenation. in Taipei’s Central Park on Aug. 11 to spell Global Learning Alliance (GLA) is a Twin Cities based organization that Hong Kong, in utmost turmoil as this out “Free Hong Kong.” There are efforts serves as a facilitator to assist students from China that want to study in goes to press, knows full well the signifi- by private Taiwanese citizens to collect and the United States. To ensure that the students obtain the best experience cance of Xi’s power. The extradition bill donate to Hong Kong protesters kits of gas possible, GLA seeks to place the students with host families. The length of introduced earlier this year raised their masks, air filters and helmets. As in Hong their stay could vary from a few months to a full school year and include antennae for trouble ahead. The current Kong, Lennon Walls at rally sites and coffee high school and college students of both sexes. Hong Kong protesters are prepared to do shops are proliferating in Taiwan as well. whatever it takes to resist Beijing’s increas- Taiwan’s President Tsai Ing-wen has Since we recognize that hosting a student from China may place a financial ing encroachment. also been completely resolute in her support burden on some families, we will provide some financial reimbursement Of course, there also is a different camp of the Hong Kong protests. A June 17 parlia- who would like to see an end to the protests, mentary statement included one paragraph but expect a family to be a host because of the mutual cultural exchange if not just because of the inconvenience, but that said, “The legislature expresses sup- that both will receive and not just the financial aspect. because of the chaotic image projected to port for the citizens of Hong Kong in their the world. They fear economic repercus- pursuit of democracy and freedom. It urges While we are seeking host families in all parts the Twin Cities area, we are sions and abhor the violence and property the Hong Kong government to withdraw the especially seeking families in Eden Prairie. damage. extradition bill.” The violent clashes of 2019 stand in Tsai tweeted in June: To learn more about being a host family, contact Richard He at stark contrast to the mainly peaceful Oc- 612-987-6540 or email, [email protected]. cupy Central movement of 2014. But then, the stakes also are much higher today. The protesters are fighting for their freedoms and their way of life. A Sept. 28 South China Morning Post article disclosed that Carrie Lam, Hong Kong’s chief executive, had to seek Xi’s approval to formally withdraw the infamous extradition bill despite saying it was her own decision to do so three weeks earlier. The mid-September U.S. Congressional hear- ing in Wash., D.C., which, amongst others, included student activist Joshua Wong, Cantonese pop star Denise Ho and Dan Garrett, a U.S. citizen and academic who had lived in and written a book on Hong Kong, told of deteriorating circumstances and increasing erosion of civil liberties Tsai has defied Xi’s reunification. In facing Hong Kongers. Garrett was denied her 2019 New Year speech she called on reentry to Hong Kong after his testimony in China “to face squarely the reality of the front of Congress. existence of the Republic of China on Tai- Are mass arrests and martial law next? wan” and that China should “respect the Or worse … a repeat of Tiananmen Square insistence of 23 million people on freedom played out at Tamar Park, the Admiralty or and democracy.” any one of the many protest sites? However, Tsai’s sentiment is not shared Who, besides Hong Kongers, is paying by all Taiwanese. Her political rival (for the full attention to all this? The 23 million January 2020 presidential election) Kaoshi- A group of anti-protest protesters rallied in support of the police in August people on an island approximately 440 miles ung Mayor Han kuo-yu is pro-Beijing. He to the east of Hong Kong. visited with senior Beijing officials in Hong China has been forcing the 20-some The island of Taiwan, for all intents Kong and Shenzhen. But fearing political countries to sever their diplomatic ties with and purposes, has been an independent, backlash for his “I don’t know” comment on Taiwan. Since 2016, Taiwan has lost five al- self-governing democracy since 1949 even the Hong Kong protests, he came out with a lies. The latest allies to cave were Solomon though China has claimed sovereignty “never one country, two systems” statement. Islands and Kiribati, leaving Taiwan with only 15 countries in the world that recognize its sovereignty currently. Despite a decrease in official diplomatic ties, Tsai has done a great job in increasing international engage- ment since coming to power in 2016. Additional strongarm tactics from Heavy police stop-and-search presence at China toward Taiwan include forcing ma- many spots on Hong Kong Island as well as jor airlines to list Taiwan and Hong Kong across the harbor cause inconvenience and under China! Taiwanese representatives traffic snarls are blocked by China from attending inter- national conferences as observers. feasibility of signing a “peace treaty” with It also is reported that China is waging China can see from Hong Kong’s situation cyber warfare in an effort to sway the out- how fragile and untenable such a treaty come of Taiwan’s January 2020 presidential may be with a country known not to keep election. As treatment of Hong Kong’s pro- its promises. testers deteriorate, Tsai’s anti-reunification More and more Taiwanese and Hong position will only strengthen and help Kongers have come to realize the benefits of her political campaign. Those in Taiwan collaborating in their resistance to China’s Aerial view of human “Free Hong Kong” chain in Taipei who may have previously considered the power grab. ♦ PAGE 12 / October 2019 books www.chinainsight.info “China’s Hong Kong: The Politics of a Global City” by Tim Summers By Nicholas Gordon, Asian Review of Books, Sept. 19, 2019

Author: Tim Summers Publisher: Agenda Publishing Publication date: September 2019 Softcover: 176 pages

Summers lives in Hong Kong where he lectures at the Centre for China Studies at the Chinese University of Hong Kong. He speaks both Cantonese and Mandarin. He has been a senior consulting fellow at Chatham House, the Royal Institute of International Affairs, and has presented at numerous academic and policy research conferences. He was a British diplomat for 13 years, including a posting as consul-general in Chongqing (2004–07), and in Hong Kong (1996–2001). His expertise is on Chinese politics and inter- national relations.

“China’s Hong Kong” has the rare privi- Mainland China: namely, whether Beijing rejected, as it was in their view too small a or at least an additional, explanation as lege of being a book made extremely timely is respecting the “significant degree of au- step on the path towards universal suffrage. to why dissatisfaction in Hong Kong has due to current events. The anti-extradition tonomy” it promised the city. However, after intense lobbying by then- increased. Most writing about Hong Kong bill protests that have raged for months have Summers argues that focusing exclu- Chief Executive Donald Tsang, the Hong suggests that rising discontent is solely due made Hong Kong’s governance — normally sively on this relationship misses dynamics Kong Democratic Party chose to vote for to increasing Chinese interference with interesting only to those who live in the city on both the local and global level. In other the package. This decision backfired on Hong Kong. But “China’s Hong Kong” — a topic of global concern. words: Hong Kong may be a mess, but not the Democratic Party, whose willingness to suggests that Hong Kong is part of a pattern Tim Summers — a lecturer at the City necessarily just because of Beijing. When it compromise was punished by voters in later of discontent sweeping several advanced University of Hong Kong and a former comes to local political dynamics, Summers elections. The lesson since then, according economies. British diplomat — wrote “China’s Hong notes that Hong Kong’s politics have been to Summers, was “not that building consen- The danger of focusing purely on the Kong” before the current protests: only a polarised, gridlocked and dysfunctional for sus could achieve progress, but that making Hong Kong-China relationship to explain small afterword deals with the extradition much of the post-Handover period. This has concessions would lose them votes.” The the city’s discontent is that one might end bill, and even this was completed before the meant that the city has been largely unable conversation over political reform has now up looking at the wrong place. Most dis- protests took their more intense turn. But to tackle the major social and political issues been stuck for over a decade. cussions of “what to do” about Hong Kong Summers’s arguments are vitally important that plague the city. Thus, Summers proposes a different read focus on Beijing: namely, calling upon the for those who care about Hong Kong, who A core example is the political reform for Beijing’s concerns about Hong Kong: Central Government to honour its commit- want to see its autonomy and strengths package that passed in 2010: this expanded not due to worries about a free society, but ments to Hong Kong. Instead, “China’s preserved into the future. Hong Kong’s Election Committee and the rather that the current version of “Hong Hong Kong” suggests that people should In a succinct retelling of events, “Chi- franchise for Hong Kong’s “functional Kong people running Hong Kong” has not focus their efforts on improving the city’s na’s Hong Kong” argues that the way most constituencies” (the seats in the city’s Leg- led to very good results. political structures. people analyse Hong Kong is simplistic. islative Council reserved for certain sectors But while Hong Kong may have been It’s easy — possibly too easy — to look Most outside observers look at Hong of the economy). The pan-democratic op- governed poorly for decades, protests have at Hong Kong as another society struggling Kong solely through its relationship with position argued that the package should be only started to take a more intense turn in the against outside authoritarianism. It lends past few years. Summers points to global itself to clean depictions of right and wrong; dynamics: specifically, the rise in dissatis- it, ironically, also dissuades anyone from faction with the status quo after the global looking too closely at possible solutions. financial crisis of 2008 and an economic “China’s Hong Kong” presents a more recovery that has privileged elite interests. nuanced and complex view that does not Be Your Own Boss! Hong Kong, despite growing at a rea- lend itself cleanly to moral certainty. But sonable rate for an advanced economy, it leaves open the path for positive change: China Insight is seeking a self-motivated individual has significant cost-of-living and income change that will have to happen if the city to sell advertising space for our newspaper. China inequality issues. It’s well known that the is to survive. ♦ Insight has been publishing for 15 years. The ideal city has some of the world’s most expensive individual we seek must be passionate about our housing. Poverty is also stubbornly high: mission, be resourceful, creative and capable of Summers quotes statistics that it affects one About the reviewer working independently. We offer a very generous in five, while one in five children do not get commission structure and you get to set your enough to eat. Social mobility has become Nicholas Gordon has a Master of own hours. more constrained. Philosophy from Oxford in International Summers connects Hong Kong to the Relations and a Bachelor of Arts from Contact Greg Hugh at 612-723-4872 or email “populist” reactions in the United States Harvard. He works at a think tank [email protected] and the United Kingdom; one could perhaps in Hong Kong. His writing has also add France’s gilet jaunes movement as a appeared in The South China Morning comparison as well. Post, The Diplomat, China Daily and The global dynamics offer an alternate, Caixin. www.chinainsight.info books October 2019 / PAGE 13 “Chinese Spies: From Chairman Mao to Xi Jinping” by Roger Faligot Reviewed by Francis P. Sempa, Asian Review of Books, August 17, 2019

Author: Roger Faligot Publisher: Hurst Publication date: August 2019 Softcover: 568 pages

Faligot is an investigative journalist and author of many books on European and Asian intelligence, including “The Chinese Mafia in Europe” and “La Piscine,” the first history of France's secret service. He was a correspondent for The European (1992-9) and Far East correspondent for Intelligence Online (1993-2018). Since 1977, he has completed more than 30 books on con- temporary history, spycraft, etc.

French investigative journalist Roger cial Branch in Shanghai and placed it under for the improvement of relations with the These so-called “Red Princes” also head-up Faligot has been writing about Chinese the leadership of Kang Sheng, one of the United States in the late 1960s and early state-controlled economic enterprises that spying and intelligence for more than thirty most important figures in the history of CCP 1970s. also engage in intelligence and espionage years. His encyclopedic knowledge of the intelligence. Organizationally, Faligot notes, China’s de facto alliance with the United work abroad. This political nepotism among history of Communist China’s intelligence the Teke was responsible for the protection States, however, did not survive the end of the Chinese nomenklatura is an instance of services is on full display in his book “Chi- of Party leaders, intelligence and counter- the Cold War. Chinese leaders rightly feared guanxi, a “special web of relationships.” nese Spies,” originally published in France intelligence, the elimination of traitors, and that events in Eastern Europe and the Soviet This remarkable book also includes in 2008 (and later updated in 2015) and now communications. Kang Sheng used the Teke Union in the late 1980s could spill over fascinating spy stories, such as the rescue of in an English translation by Natasha Lehrer. to fight a clandestine war against Chiang into China. The Tiananmen Square protests Chinese dissidents by Western intelligence This book could not be more timely. Kai-shek’s Kuomintang. In the 1930s and were brutally repressed. There would be no services after Tiananmen, and colorful char- Chinese President Xi Jinping’s expansion 1940s, he joined Mao Zedong and Zhou Chinese Gorbachev. acters, such as the female Chinese spy Gong of the People’s Liberation Army and Navy, Enlai to establish “an embryonic communist China’s intelligence services engaged in Pusheng, a daughter of one of Sun Yat-sen’s coupled with the Belt and Road Initiative’s state” in Yan’an, Shaanxi province. economic espionage in the 1990s, seeking generals, who became a confidante of Elea- geopolitical reach, threatens to upend the Faligot describes Kang Sheng’s “reign industrial and technological secrets from nor Roosevelt. It also includes a fascinating “liberal world order” established by the of terror” unleashed in areas of China under the West, especially the United States. and revealing account of the Chinagate scan- United States and its allies after the Second communist control in 1942. He employed Geopolitically, China’s intelligence com- dal in the United States during the Clinton World War. China’s intelligence services, a diverse range of techniques of re- munity focused on reunification with Hong administration, where the Democratic Party most especially the Guoanbu (Ministry of pression … that are still employed by the Kong, undermining movements for formal received millions in donations from groups State Security), will likely play a key role political police in 2019. independence on Taiwan, and challenging tied to Chinese intelligence for President in Xi’s “China Dream”. These included forcible confessions, the economic and military primacy of the Clinton’s reelection campaign. Faligot sees the Guoanbu as the 21st- brainwashing, slave labor, and various United States. Faligot ends the book with a warning. century successor to the Soviet KGB — it means of torture. “Kang established,” Twenty-first-century Chinese intel- Chinese intelligence services, he writes, are is both the sword and shield of the Chinese Faligot writes, ligence activities include cyber warfare, the world’s largest. They are competent and Communist Party (CCP) and its intelligence an inquisitorial system, utilizing tech- cultural infiltration (via the proliferation of effective. They are “involved in the massive tentacles are worldwide. Faligot traces niques of punishment and interrogation Confucius Institutes throughout the world), siphoning of economic, scientific, and tech- its roots to early 1920s Shanghai where inspired by the millennia-long Chinese and the promotion of global Chinese inter- nological intelligence” from other countries. Chinese communists organized under the tradition of torture, updated by twentieth- ests. There is also a renewed emphasis on President Xi has amassed more individual auspices of the Moscow-led Comintern, century Stalinism for the requirements of cracking down on domestic opposition, such power than any Chinese leader since Mao, created by Soviet leader Vladimir Lenin the era. as the Falun Gong movement and Uyghur and he is committed to use the intelligence to foment world revolution. China was an The CCP’s intelligence services helped nationalists. Also, in 2018, Xi instructed the services and all the other pillars of Chinese early target. Mao gain power in October 1949, and Guoanbu to partner with foreign intelligence power to advance China’s global economic China in the early 1920s was a political since then have served China’s interests in services to promote and secure the Belt and and geopolitical interests. ♦ and military battleground fought over by Asia and other parts of the world. Faligot Road Initiative. the CCP, the Nationalist Kuomintang, and describes Chinese intelligence activities One of the book’s most important various warlords. The Soviets established in Korea, Indochina, Hong Kong, Taiwan, chapters describes the growing partnership ties to both the Communists and National- Australia, Europe, and the United States. A between Chinese and Russian intelligence About the reviewer ists, and for a time oversaw the nascent Ministry of Public Security, or Gonganbu, services in the 1990s and early 2000s. intelligence services of both parties. Faligot was set up in 1949 and was headed by Luo Faligot blames U.S. policymakers for fail- Francis P. Sempa is the author of notes that the Chinese diaspora in Paris (he Ruiqing, known as the “Chinese Dzerzhin- ing to foresee that the end of the Cold War “Geopolitics: From the Cold War to the calls them “Hakkas” after a Chinese ethnic sky” (after Felix Dzerzhinsky, the first head and increased competition between China 21st Century” and ”America’s Global group known for traveling beyond China) of the Soviet Cheka, later called the NKVD and the U.S. could lead to a Sino-Russian Role: Essays and Reviews on National — including Zhou Enlai, Deng Xiaoping, and KGB). The Gonganbu was Mao’s in- rapprochement. It has happened, and the Security, Geopolitics and War.” His Chen Yi, Ye Jianying, and Zhu De — would strument of domestic repression, and played geopolitical consequences could be great. writings appear in The Diplomat, play important roles in the formation of the a role in the horrific repressions of the Great A common thread throughout the his- Joint Force Quarterly, the University CCP and the leadership of its intelligence Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution. tory of CCP intelligence agencies is the Bookman and other publications. He is services. Faligot shows how China’s intelligence extent to which they are headed by family an attorney and an adjunct professor of In the late 1920s, Zhou Enlai created the services targeted the Soviet Union after the members of key CCP leaders and descen- political science at Wilkes University. Zhongyang Teke or Central Committee Spe- Sino-Soviet split and helped pave the way dants of the survivors of the Long March. PAGE 14 / October 2019 society www.chinainsight.info Leading Chinese-Americans highlight impact of U.S.- China tensions on American science, technology, business, and education

The Committee of 100 (C100) convenes nearly 300 leaders in science, technology, government, business, education, and civil rights to address the human impacts of geopolitics

[PALO ALTO, Ca- and we must not allow our fears to create Century China Center at the School of depended crucially on immigration. Re- lif., Sept. 28, 2019] – A an environment that erodes America’s talent Global Policy & Strategy, UC San Di- cent demonstrated examples of violations group of leading policy pool nor America’s values of equal oppor- ego, and former U.S. Deputy Assistant of scientific ethics, coupled with fears for makers, legal experts, tunity for all, freedom of inquiry, scientific Secretary of State: “China and the U.S. U.S. economic competitiveness and national educators, business integrity, and openness.” wove together a dense fabric of trade, tech- security, may well lead to governmental leaders, scientists, and C100 research from 2017 shows that the nology, and education – forming a nexus restrictions that broadly and severely restrict community leaders percentage of people of Chinese heritage of what became globalization. To preserve the flow of people and ideas.” convened in Silicon charged under the Economic Espionage Act America’s open society and vibrant research • Dr. John L. Hennessy, Chairman, Valley to tackle the impact of rising U.S.- (EEA) tripled from 2009 to 2017, and that environment, we should double down on Alphabet Inc.; President Emeritus, Stan- China tensions on the Chinese American defendants of Asian heritage convicted of American openness, not put limitations on ford University: “Immigrants come to this community and American society as a espionage received sentences over twice as scientific collaboration.” country to make America a better country. whole. Brought together by the Commit- severe as those of other ethnicities. • Dr. David D. Ho, Renowned HIV Scien- There are a number of important American tee of 100 (C100), a non-profit American At the conference, speakers detailed tist; Scientific Director, Aaron Diamond companies with foreign born founders. If organization of prominent and extraordinary the negative impact of a climate of fear AIDS Research Center; Former Time you cut that off, you cut off an important part Chinese Americans, the group detailed and suspicion on individual scientists and Magazine Man of the Year: “There’s a chill of our nation’s economic vitality.” a heightened rise in scrutiny of Chinese researchers, as well as on a wide range of in the air for Chinese and Chinese-American As an output of the conference, C100 Americans and people of Chinese descent, industries, universities, research institutions scientists. Over 250 scientists are being in- will generate recommendations to share especially those who work in science and and businesses critical to U.S. innovation vestigated in over 60 institutions, many of with congressional leaders, the scientific and technology, and the chilling effect on civil and economic leadership. whom are Chinese or Chinese-American. educational communities, law-enforcement, liberties, as well as American science, tech- • Gary Locke, former U.S. Ambassador Science depends on open and free exchange. businesses, and civic organizations and nology and research initiatives. to China and former U.S. Secretary of Science has no borders. Science by defini- communities. “With growing U.S.-China tensions and Commerce: “The U.S.-China relationship tion is global. The real threat is not from oc- Conference Chair Charlie Woo noted, fears of Chinese espionage, we hear clearly is the world’s most consequential bilateral casional cases of espionage; the real threat is “It is our hope to come together and find from our members that Asian Americans, relationship. We must be concerned about not believing in science, and the creation of a balanced solutions that protect national se- especially those who work in the STEM security concerns and condemn illegal activ- toxic environment that drives away talented curity, uphold the civil liberties of all Ameri- fields, are facing an increasingly hostile ity, but in recent years there have been many Chinese and Chinese-American scientists.” cans, and continue to foster the welcoming environment where our loyalty is being cases of wrongful prosecution. Our pride in • Thomas F. Rosenbaum, President, environment for the development of science, consistently and unfairly challenged,” said our heritage does not mean we are any less California Institute of Technology: “The technology and research that America has H. Roger Wang, chairman, Committee of loyal or patriotic to America.” strength of the United States as a scientific, always been known for.” ♦ 100. “We are a nation built on immigrants, • Professor Susan Shirk, Chair, 21st technological and economic power has

Education American teacher sows seeds of love in NW China

Source: Xinhua, Sept. 25, 2019

Melissa K. Smith had re- got sleepy, and they often gave placed several mobile phones the same answer to every ques- over the past 26 years. However, tion," Li said. the American English teacher Noticing these problems, alway keeps a black-and-white Smith taught teachers to guide photo on her phone that was tak- students to participate in the en in northwest China's Ningxia class and learn to think inde- Hui Autonomous Region in pendently. 1993. "It's a real revolution in The old photo depicts the teaching," Li said. busiest street in the city of Guyu- With the help of Smith, Li an, where there were only gravel has now become one of the most paths and shabby dwellings. It popular English teachers in the was taken by Smith 26 years ago university. when she first came to China. Apart from her own work, When she was 26 years old, Ningxia Univerisity Smith also cares about children she worked at Ningxia Univer- in rural areas. sity, training teachers and teaching English had never spoken to foreigners at that time. "They didn't have heaters or for three years. Born in Indiana of America, They could hardly speak fluent English," even toothbrushes and some- she had never been to such a poor place said Li Yuhong, a professor, who was then times had to attend classes with empty The 52-year-old said she saw the im- before. She did not expect that the English an English teacher with the university. stomachs," Smith said. provements in education that the Chinese language teaching level in the hinterland To help teachers improve their English She often visits village schools, together government has achieved over the past would be so far behind the times. and teaching methods, Smith set up an Eng- with other foreign teachers, reading stories years, with more new schoolhouses, free But the years in Ningxia left her many lish corner at her apartment, making use of to the children and teaching them to brush meals and good teachers in the western unforgettable memories, which made her her spare time to teach the teachers. their teeth. regions. believe that she would come back to Ningxia Teachers were afraid of losing face in her She also launched fund-raising activities In 2014, Smith received the Friend- again. training class at first, Li recalled. "However, at the campus and raised money to purchase ship Award, given annually by the Chinese "It's my second hometown, and it feels she spoke slowly and always encouraged books for schools in poverty-stricken areas. government to honor outstanding foreign like I have grown up here," Smith said. us," said Li, adding that Smith's patience "When I saw books sent to them become experts in China, but Smith only said she did Smith returned to Ningxia after she got and encouragement inspired her to attend dirty and dog-eared, I was so happy. They what she should do as an ordinary person. a Ph.D. in education in 2004, determined the English corner for 16 years. got very excited each time we came. I re- Smith hopes to postpone her retirement to improve the English language education As teachers had no idea about "student- ally hope these lovely and innocent children until 70, devoting herself and her time and in the region. centered teaching," spoon-feeding education could enjoy learning like this for their whole energy to English language teaching in the "Most English teachers in the university was prevalent in the classes. "Students often life," Smith said. region. ♦ www.chinainsight.info events October 2019 / PAGE 15

The Minnesota Chapter of the US-China Peoples Friendship Association will host the 27th National Convention Forty Years and Beyond: Friendship, Successes, and Challenges

October 18–20, 2019 Airport Hilton 3900 American Blvd., Bloomington

Convention attendees will participate in national USCPFA business meetings, attend lectures, presentations, and a gala dinner (watch “40 Videos for 40 Years” project), and a field trip to the newly constructed St. Paul–Changsha Chinese Friendship Garden as well as the world-class Asian art collection at the Minneapolis Institute of Art. A delegation from Minneapolis’ Sister City, Harbin, China, is expected to attend along with other local, state and international guests.

The convention is for USCPFA members only. Not a member yet? Join inow and be eligible. immediately A limited number of sponsorship opportunities are also available.

For complete detail visit https://uscpfa-mn.org/ or scan bar code

Event is presented in collaboration with the Midwest Region and the national leadership of the US-China Peoples Friendship Association.

Minnesota China Business Council presents Global Trade: Crisis and Opportunity Wednesday, Oct. 9, 2019 7:30-9:30 a.m. Fredrikson & Byron 200 South 6th St., #4000, Minneapolis

Cost: $35 (includes light breakfast)

Register at minnesotachinabusinesscouncil.org/ eventregistration

Speakers will address the current U.S.-China trade environment and will hep business leaders devise global trade strategies accordingly. Attendees will have an opportunity to network before and after the presentation.

The event is presented in collaboration with Fredrikson & Byron. PAGE 16 / October 2019 community www.chinainsight.info Mid-Autumn Moon Festival celebrated at Mall of America By Greg Hugh The local Chinese American community China to participate in this event. More recently gathered for a day of music and than 15 local members of the Chinese and cultural performances at Mall of America Hmong communities presented 30-plus to celebrate China’s Mid-Autumn Festival. performances throughout the day. The daylong event was free and open to The Chinese Mid-Autumn Festival has the public. been celebrated since the Zhou Dynasty This festival is one of the most popular (1045-221 B.C.). It started as a celebration holidays in China. Much like America’s of the moon. The Emperor believed that by Thanksgiving, it is celebrated by the entire giving gifts to the moon after the fall harvest country where everyone travels to visit would help guarantee a good harvest the fol- family. lowing year. These offerings were usually The rotunda at Mall of America was placed on an outdoor altar for the moon to decorated with many red lanterns suspended “see,” and consisted of various foods and from the ceiling, providing a festive setting drinks, like tea. The practice of celebrating for the main stage where performances took the moon spread from just the Emperor place throughout the day. Unfortunately, through the upper class and into the masses seating was limited, as was the ability to during the Tong Dynasty (A.D. 618-907). It view the performances from the edge of the wasn’t until the Song Dynasty (A. D. 960- rotunda owing to the placement of many 1279) that a formal festival was established posters extolling the virtues of the city of and celebrated by the entire country. It is to Chongqing, one of the event’s primary occur on the 15th day of the eighth month of sponsors. the lunar calendar corresponding with a full The event began with a cultural and moon, which means it can occur anywhere tourist video by Chongqing, followed by between the middle of August through early performances that included the Chongqing October in the Gregorian calendar. ♦ Jaio Ayi Art Troupe that had traveled from All photos by Will Ahern