Electronc Parro It Repeats Everything, You Say,, Without Training Regeivel Beeper Inéssages, And, Phóne Nurnbersrwith a Scanner',"

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AmericanRadioHistory.Com MARCH 1997 Vol. 14, No. 3 o ar ectrouics A GERNSBACK PUBLICATION COVER STORY TINY MACHINES THAT THINK FOR THEMSELVES 39 Build an Alphanumeric Pager Decoder Poplar Electg

This innovative device lets you view digital pager messages right Build a off the airwaves. Just connect the circuit to a scanner radio and Pager Decoder

your computer, load up some special software, and you can be cer- Bold an Electronic Parrot tain your beeper is grabbing all the messages that it should-Alan torn uainIng `Receive Beepn messap. and phone D. Jones numbers with a scanner, and read them on a PC >.a CONSTRUCTION 'Cars - Call for Help No ce k io fewer eme.nn Bo11 Electronic Parrot PC Line -Voltage 45 Build an Monitor :Mü iAe,eeery eryw. Having a parrot repeat what you say can be a lot of fun, but teach- oMnwwa,h ing one to talk can also take a lot of time. With this easy -to -build Page 39 circuit you can have all the fun of an accurate mimic, in about an evening. Best of all, there's no cage to clean)-David Williams

52 Build an AC Line -Voltage Monitor Just how safe are your expensive electronic devices? Find out if the AC outlets in your home or workshop are producing "clean" electricity with this inexpensive circuit-Marc Spiwak FEATURES

48 Cars That Can Call for Help Page 45 Learn how electronics can help roadside assistance get to you, even if you're lost. Also, find out what new technology makes it easy for police to get your stolen vehicle back-Bill Siuru

g 1,}' 58 Intelligent Micromachines , d Microscopic motors and machines have been around for a few years; however, now they can think for themselves. Join us for a look at the marriage of microminiature processors and motors that ^-."-".... ,f could result in some amazing applications-Douglas Page Page 58

POPULAR ELECTRONICS (ISSN 1042-170-X) Published monthly by Gernsback Publications, Inc. 500 81 -County Boulevard. Farmingdale, NY 11735. Periodicals postage paid at Farmingdale, NY and at additional mailing offices. One-year, twelve issues, subscription role U.S. and possessions $21.95, Canada $28.84 (includes G.S.T. Canadian Goods and Services Tax Registration No. R125166280), all other countries $29.45. Subscription orders payable in U.S. funds only, International Postal Money Order or chéck drawn on a U.S. bank. U.S. single copy price $3.50. Copyr'ght 1996 by Gernsback Publications, Inc -All rights reserved. Hands-on Electronics and Gizmo trademarks ore registered in U.S. and Canada by Gernsbock Publications, Inc. Popular Electronics trademark is registered in U.S. and Canada by Electronics Technology Today, Inc and is licensed to Gernsback Publications, Inc. Printed in U.S.A.

Postmaster: Please send address changes to Popular Electronics, Subscription Dept., P.O. Box 338, Mount Morris, IL 61054.9932 e

A stamped self-addressed envelope must accompany all submitted manuscripts and/or artwork or photographs if their return is desired should they be rejected. We disclaim any responsibility for the loss or damage of manuscripts and/or artwork or photographs while in our possession or otherwise.

As á service to readers, Popular Electronics publishes available plains or information relating fo newsworthy products, techniques, and scientific and technological developments. Because of possible variances in the quality and condition of materials and workmanship used: by readers, Popular Electronics dis- claims any responsibility for the safe and proper functioning of readér-built projects based upon or from plans or information published in this magazine. 1

AmericanRadioHistory.Com MARCH 1 9 9 7 Perlar Etctronics

PRODUCT REVIEWS .Larry Steckler, EHF,CET, editor-in -chief and publisher

EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT 24 Gizmo Dan Karagiannis, editor Nintendo 64 and Sony PlayStation videogame systems, Samsung Teri Scaduto, assistant editor GXTV Model GXE1395 videogame TV, Sony ICF-SW1000T Evelyn Rose, editorial assistant Shortwave Receiver, Royal FL95 PC Organizer, and much more Joseph J. Carr, K4IPV, contributing editor Marc Ellis, contributing editor COLUMNS Jeffrey K. Holtzman, contributing editor Don Jensen, contributing editor 12 'Multimedia Watch Charles D. Rakes, contributing The Best PC Speakers in the World?-Marc Spiwak editor Marc Saxon, contributing editor Marc Spiwak, contributing editor 20 Net Watch John Yacono, contributing editor Extra! Extra!-Dan Karagiannis PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT Ruby M. Yee, production director 63 Scanner Scene Ken Coren, Entering the Information Age-Marc Saxon desktop production director Liso Baynon, desktop production Kathy Campbell, 64 Antique Radio production assistant Back to the Star Roamer-Marc Ellis ART DEPARTMENT Andre Duzant, art director 67 Ham Radio Russell C. Truelson, illustrator Bands You've Never Used-Joseph J. Carr CIRCULATION DEPARTMENT Jacqueline P. Cheeseboro, 69 Computer Bits circulation director Theresa Lombardo, Your Own Greatest Hits-Web Style-Jeff Holtzman circulation assistant Michele Torrillo, 71 DX Listening POPULAR ELECTRONICS bookstore Antarctica's Broadcaster-Don Jensen BUSINESS AND EDITORIAL OFFICES Gernsback Publications, Inc. 73 Circuit Circus 500 Bi-County Blvd. Farmingdale, 11735 Power Up-Charles D. Rakes NY 1.516-293.3000 FAX:1.516-293-3115 Web: http://www.gernsback.com 76 Think Tank President: Lorry Steckler Doorbell Circuits-John Yacono SUBSCRIPTION CUSTOMER SERVICE/ ORDER ENTRY DEPARTMENTS 1-800-827-0383 7:30 AM - 8:30 PM EST Advertising Sales Offices 4 Editorial listed on page 114 6 Letters Composition by Mates Graphics Cover Illustration by Michael Linley 8 New Products A5 ABC AUDITED 10 Electronics Library Since some of the equipment and circuit- 81 ry described in POPULAR ELECTRONICS Popular Electronics Market Center may relate to or be covered by U.S. patents. POPULAR ELECTRONICS dis- 114 Advertiser's Index claims any liability for the infringement of such patents by the making, using, or selling of such equipment or circuitry, 114A Free Information Card and suggests that anyone interested in

such projects consult a patent attorney. ,

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AmericanRadioHistory.Com EARN YOUR /7' ; o Yu' B.S. DEGREE 511£d IN COMPUTERS OR Getting Your Beeps

ELECTRONICS Digital pagers-it seems like everyone's using them. But unlike telephones, which can be easily interchanged if you suspect 4L. there's a problem, beepers can't be easily tested. If you don't get a message, did it really ever get transmitted, or did your beeper fail to receive it? Do you need a new service or a new device?

A worse problem is possible if you use an alphanumeric pager-one that lets you receive text messages. With these devices, you could receive part of a long transmission, and not I know that it's incomplete because of the bizarre wording and By Studying at Home punctuation often used by those who want to fit a lot of information into as few words as possible. Grantham College of Engineering, now in our 46th year, is highly experienced in "distance education"- teaching Because pagers can't be swapped without a lot of difficulty, we by correspondence-through printed decided to bring you a better alternative. Called the materials, computer materials, fax, Alphanumeric Pager Decoder, it's a device that will let you modem, and phone. receive beeper messages with your scanner radio and view No commuting to class. Study at them on your computer. your own pace, while continuing on your present job. Learn from easy -to - understand but complete and thorough Also, because of the seemingly endless data -storage capabili- lesson materials, with additional help ties of modern PCs, the Decoder also makes it possible to keep from our instructors. a running log of all the text and phone numbers you receive. Grantham offers three separate distance - After all, pagers can only store so many messages. education programs, leading to the following accredited degrees; (1) The B.S.E.T. with Major Emphasis in But no matter what your concern is, we're sure the Decoder will Electronics. have you pulling pager messages off the airwaves in no time. (2) The B.S.E.T. with Major Emphasis in The story begins on page 39. Computers. (3) The B.S.C.S. the Bachelor of Sci- - iñ ence in Computer Science. This month's cover story is just another example of the latest An important part of being pre- technological coverage that Popular Electronics has to offer. pared to move up is holding the right And, as always, we take pride in providing you with that infor- college degree, and the absolutely neces- mation in a form you can actually use. sary part is knowing your field. Grantham can help you both ways-to With a evolving field like electronics, things are learn more and to earn your degree in constantly the process. always changing. So feel free to peruse our pages often. Write or phone for our free catalog. Because with technology, the best is always yet to come. w Toll free, 1-800-955-2527, or see mailing address below.

Accredited by the Accrediting Commission of the Distance Education and Dan Karagiannis Training Council Editor GRANTHAM College of Engineering Grantham College Road Slidell, LA 70460

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AmericanRadioHistory.Com il,177Y1V2Z Radar -Detector Problems

THE COBRA STRIKES Many thanks for your kind generosi- I need the instructions and/or pro- I read the review of the Cobra ty. I really appreciate your help. And gramming procedures for a Curtis RDL/712SW radar detector in the thanks to Popular Electronics for mak- Mathis H.Q. VHS VCR, Model DV -725 Jariuáry 1997 Gizmo. The features ing it possible! (S/N.V9100406936), as this model is

sound great, and for that reason I had R.J.S. too old for on -screen instructions.

bought one, a few months before it Harper Woods, MI I will be happy to pay for any costs. appeared in your magazine. Thanks.

I found a problem with the detector HAVES & NEEDS A. DRUMMOND

that was not mentioned in Gizmo: The I have been singularly unsuccessful 4471 SE Inwood Lane unit's display cannot take heat. This is in finding a manual for a Sweet -P plot- Port Orchard, WA 98367-9017 an automotive gadget that says in its ter (Model SP -100) that was manufac-

instructions not to allow it to remain in tured by Enter Computer Inc. circa I need a schematic for a Sears a closed car! On a typical day last 1982. If anyone could help me out with dual -cassette stereo, model number

summer, with the unit concealed the manual or point me toward a 28171 (chassis number 132-10102). I

between the seats, the display over- source, I would really appreciate it. especially need a diagram of the cas-

heated and I now have no display at NORMAN LEET sette circuit showing the power source, all. Of course the display can be 840 Hunter Road, Apt. L and a TD6301 AP IC. replaced, but for nearly the price of a Enon, OH 45323-1815 Any help is appreciated. brand new detector! e-mail: ah255@a dayton. wright. edu Feel free to call me at 815-589-

I still find it surprising that an auto- 3576, or to write.

motive unit would require the user to I have an EMC Model 208 tube ED TIESMAN take it out of the car every time you tester, manufactured by Electronic 1231 12th Avenue park. Measurements Corporation (New York, Fulton, II 61252 H.P. NY). The unit is housed in a small

S. Hackensack, NJ black -plastic case that measures Hello, fellow readers. I am seeking about 7 x 5-1/2 x 2-1/2 inches. It a simple synch -lock (time-base correc- AN INTERNAUT SPEAKS checks the following types of tubes: 7 - tion) circuit to lock together two con- Thanks for bringing monthly Internet pin miniature, 9 -pin miniature, octal, sumer camcorders (one VHS and the coverage to Popular Electronics in and loktal. No meter movement is pro- other Hi -8).

Net Watch, and for continuing to pub- vided; instead, a large neon lamp is The reason I'm asking is because I lish articles that deal with its resources. used as the indicating device. inherited a professional JVC KM -

I'm new to the Net, and appreciate hav- I need the instruction manual/tube 1200U video mixer (and color special - ing information on it within the pages of setup chart for this tester; a schematic effects generator). But it is built for

my favorite magazine. diagram also would be helpful. I will be cameras costing thousands of dollars

I was surprised to learn at first just happy to reimburse copying and that come with a synching system how much was available online of postage costs. called "Gen -Lock."

interest to electronics hobbyists, and Thanks. I realize I'm asking for quite a diffi-

indeed, of interest to just about every- DOUGLAS D. FOX cult -to -find circuit, but I have used two one. It's great that the magazine that 603 S. 12th Avenue camcorders with a Videonics MX -1 brought us the first computer informa- St. Charles, IL 60174-3238 mixer, and a Panasonic MX -12 mixer.

tion in the 70s is keeping up with the Because both worked beautifully, I times with the Internet. KEEP' IN TOUCH believe such a circuit does exist for the

Keep up the good work and thanks Now there are more ways than ever to. JVC I now have. for a great magazine. contact us at Popular Electronics. In summary, can anyone help me M.B. use my cameras without the "Gen - You can write to: New Orleans, LA Letters Lock" system? I can't find that gear Popular Electronics anywhere. THANK YOU! 500 Bi-County Blvd. I'd really appreciate any help or Popular Electronics readers are Farmingdale, NY 11735 hints. Thanks in advance for any assis- the greatest! Your response to my plea tance you could provide. Or you can send e-mail to: for a 185 chip has been heart warming. [email protected] BOB MEUSE You have boosted me from the depths 600 Rainbow Drive of apprehension to a restored peace of And don't forget to visit to our Web site at:º #107 http://www.gernsback.com 6 mind. zl Mountain View, CA 94041

AmericanRadioHistory.Com TECHNOLOGY UPDATE or headphones. The transmitter plugs into a standard outlet. One transmitter will No speaker wires...no broadcast to any number of stereo speakers and headphones. Since power cords...no kidding! each speaker contains its own built-in receiv- Wit41 variable bass response, improved acoustics and technology er/amplifier, there are no wires running from to life, Recoton's newest wireless speakers designed prolong battery the stereo. are :he best yet...and they're also cordless! 150 -foot range. Just imagine listening to s TV, VCR by Janes Wong - your stereo, or CD player in any room of your home-without running speaker wire. Plus, you'll never have to worry about range because the new 900 MHz technology allows stereo signals to travel distances of up to 150 With no speaker feet through walls, ceil- wires or power ings and floors without cords, now you can enjoy the losing sound quality. crisp, clean sound Stereo or hi-fi, you of wireless I decide. These speak- Recoton speakers ers have the option of truly anywhere! either stereo or hi-fi sound. Two speakers, I one set on right channel and the other on left, will give full stereo separation. Or, if you just want to add an extra speaker to a room, set it on mono and listen to both channels on Ported design enhances one speaker for hi -fidelity sound. bass response Save $30 on additional speakers. Our factory -direct pricing allows us to sell more Ibought wireless speakers !/ f A timer automatically cuts wireless speakers than anyone! For this rea- Y the speaker off after 20 to 30 min- a few years ago, thrilled ,,a ' son, if you purchase two or more Recoton _ utes after the music stops, or if the at the prospect of not being .., speakers, they'll cost just $99 each. restricted by speaker wires. While that battery voltage drops too low. Plus, these Add headphones, save $100. was convenient, I soon realized that I was still portable speakers have a built-in handle! For a limited time, when you limited by where the existing outlets were in Great sound quality. The speaker, mount- order two speakers and a trans- my home. I could enjoy my music wirelessly ed in a bookshelf -sized acoustically con- mitter, you can add wireless .r within my home, but as for outdoors, I was a two-way bass structed cabinet, provides headphones for only $49. (That's stuck with the same old problem. reflex design for individual bass boost con- a savings of $100 off the system.) freedom to listen trol. Full dynamic range is achieved by the Ultimate portability: Enjoy your music anywhere, risk -free. to music anywhere. The 1N445s are the use of a 2" tweeter and 4" woofer. Plus, auto- Experience for yourself the true freedom of in wireless speakers, because they are matic digital lock -in tuning guarantees opti- ultimate these speakers. They come with Comtrad's also cordless. They are powered by eight "D" mum reception and eliminates drift. The new risk -free home trial. If you don't love both rechargeable lead acid technology provides static -free sound in vir- batteries, an optional their sound quality and portability, return battery or AC power. Put these cordless tually any environment. The speakers are al- them within 90 days for a full refund, "No speakers anywhere you want within the 150 - so self -amplified; they can't he blown out no Questions Asked." All Recoton products are foot range of the transmitter, indoors or out. matter what your stereo's wattage. Plus, the backed by a 90 -day manufacturer's warranty. speakers will mute About -he A single broadcasts when the music Recoton transmitter $69 $8 S&H W445s... TECHNICAL to any number of speakers, up to SPECS: stops playing so no Recoton wireless speaker $42g $9 S&H 150 feet away, indoors or out! Powered by noisy hiss is heard. Buy two or more speakers for just $99 each! batteries Wireless headphone system 544g $9 S&H Improved One transmitter, Save $100 with special offer-only $49 audio circuitry any number of Mutes when Please mention promotional code 2131 -PL -10174. music stops to receivers. The a eliminate hissing powerful transmit- For fastest service call toll -free 24 hours day All controls ter plugs into an found on back audio -out, tape -out 800-992-2966 Built-in carry- PMEPIf/1N or headphone jack eHE55 ing handle ell ® = on your stereo or Turns itself off r Speakers pick up stereo after 20-30 min- I TV component, 7 signals through walls, corrtradindustries utes of inactivity transmitting wire- 2820 Waterford Lake Drive, Suite 102 Midlothian, VA 23113 ceilings and floors! lessly to speakers

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GRAPHICAL MULTIMETER measure small currents with 10-nA res- The Powerport, which is also avail- The Model 8678 Graphical MultiMeter olution. That is useful for finding signal able in a 50 -watt model, is particularly (GMM) is Fluke's most accurate hand- variations in general electronics and in- useful in the field where conventional held multimeter to date. The instrument dustrial transducers. power sources are limited or not avail- provides engineering and industrial The Model 876B's computer inter- able. Powerport can be used to run and users with exceptional graphical and face can be used with an optional soft- charge handheld radios, cell phones, reporting capabilities presented on the ware kit to log readings to a PC for later laptop computers, fax machines, test largest and most technically advanced review. In addition, continuous monitor- equipment, soldering irons, electric display screen available in today's mar- ing is possible through a Trend Graph hand tools, video cameras, and emer- ket, allowing information to be viewed feature that graphically represents a gency lighting. It can even be used for quickly as trends, waveforms, compo- signal's performance over time. boosting low car batteries through the nent V -I curves, or logic symbols. The 867B Graphical MultiMeter lighter plug. costs $695. For more information, The Powerport 149 costs $159.95 contact Fluke Corporation, P. O. Box plus shipping; the 50 -watt Powerport 9090, Everett, WA 98206; Tel. 800 -44 - 50 costs $114.95 plus shipping. For fur- FLUKE; Fax: 800 -FLUKE -FAX; e-mail: ther information, contact Cutting Edge [email protected]; Web: http:// Enterprises, 1803 Mission Street, Suite 78 www.fluke.com. ..qb. 546, Santa Cruz, CA 95060; Tel. 800- CIRCLE 80 ON FREE 206-0115. INFORMATION CARD CIRCLE 81 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD

"4`1- PORTABLE POWER SUPPLY ". Cutting Edge Enterprises' Powerport VIDEO EDITING START-UP KIT 149 portable power supply provides 12 The Home Video Producer from Vide- volts DC and 140 watts AC power with onics is an easy -to -follow video editing 9 amp hours of storage capacity. The start-up kit for camcorder enthusiasts of compact unit measures 4x4.5x6 inch- all skill levels. The kit provides all the es and weighs just nine pounds. basic tools needed to create exciting, The rechargeable power supply is professional -style videos at home. It built around a sturdy 12-volt/9-amp- includes the Thumbs Up 2000 video hour gel cell battery. A fully automatic editor, the Sound Effects Mixer 2000, wall charger is included. The charger an instructional videotape, a handbook allows you to leave your battery of tips and tricks, a microphone, and a plugged in year round, keeping it in set of all-purpose speakers. prime condition and ready to go at a Several innovative technologies moment's notice. The Powerport 149 were used in the Model 867B's display, can also be charged in your car including blue LEDs from Nichia of through the cigarette lighter plug. ,, -- Japan. The color is .a broadband, sky . i blue that is converted to white backlight by means of an amber filter. Coupled with Hitachi's transmissive LCDs, the backlight technology provides higher .. contrast and a significantly brighter -C image than other display modes while using less than half the power of back- The Thumbs Up 2000 video editor lights of similar intensity. allows you to instantly cut or move The Model 876B offers 0.025% scenes anywhere you want in your basic DC accuracy, which allows the v-1---- video production using just two main detection of very small DC signal vari- controls. The large button marked with ations, especially in low-level trans- a thumbs up symbol is used to mark ducers and analog electronics. And, the scenes you want to keep; the because the backlight runs off of 5 thumbs -down button marks those you volts, there is no AC -DC converter in want to delete. The video editor then the multimeter, which produces very assembles all the scenes you want to "quiet" readings. keep and records them on a blank 8 The graphical multimeter also can continued on page 16

AmericanRadioHistory.Com Rugged. FLUKE® Reliable. I. 7LVK ____,.9.5w -+ ~ . . High-performance f' - . Tl7 sFAié tQ1 r ycio:l s '0°H1 scope. 4 Ntsp.; FÍÓa1 R t 49 . :. - . :, , But one feature really stands out.

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The ScopeMeter 90 Series test second repetitive sampling rate. Special tools-with a 10X brighter screen. There's even video triggering, four Daylight or darkness. Indoors or out. hours of battery life and a new time No matter where you're troubleshoot- and date clock feature. Offer. ing, it's easier with our ScopeMeter And for a limited time, Fluke is 90B Series. They're the same rugged, offering its 92B, 60 MHz unit for only Only dependable, hand-held scopes you $945. That's a savings of $550 off know, only much easier to read - the regular price of $1,495. It's time $945 thanks to a cold cathode fluorescent you saw the light yourself. ScopeMeter 92B screen that's literally 10 times brighter. To get your hands on a powerful (2ch/60 MHz) They're also much more accurate, ScopeMeter test tool, call Fluke today with a choice of 100 MHz or 60 MHz at 1-800 -92 -FLUKE. bandwidth and up to 5 Gigasamples/ 1 -800 -92 -FLUKE

I. 1996 Fluke Corporation. P.O. Box 9090, M/S 250E, Everett, WA, USA 98206-9090. U.S. (800) 44 -FLUKE or (206) 356-5400. FLU Canada (905) 890-7600. Europe (31 .0) 2 678 200. Other Countries (2061 356-5500. All rights reserved. -281-104 CIRCLE 158 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD

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PATENT IT YOURSELF: Patent It Yourself: 5th Edition costs TeleVox ToolVox; NetSpeak's Web - 5th Edition $49.95 and is published by Nolo Phone; FreeTel Communications' Free - by David Pressman Press, 950 Parker Street, Berkeley, Tel; White Pine Software's Enhanced CA 94710; Tel. 800-992-6656; Fax: CU-SeeMe for Windows and Macin- The newly revised fifth edition of this 510-548-5902. tosh; VDONet's VCOLive Video Player; guidebook for inventors has been up- CIRCLE 90 ON FREE Telescape's TS Intercom; IDT's Net2- INFORMATION CARD dated with new information about soft- Phone; IRIS Systems' IRIS Phone; the ware and other computer -related beta version of IBM Internet Connection inventions, software claims, design THE INTERNET Phone; and more. patents for computer icons, and more. TELEPHONE TOOLKIT The Internet Telephone Toolkit costs The book discusses the changes in by Jeff Pulver $29.95 and is published by John Wiley patent law brought about by the GATT & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Avenue, New trade agreement, such as the Pro- Save a fortune on your phone bills York, NY 10158-0012; Tel. 800-225- visional Patent Application-a new every month by turning your PC into a 5945; Web site: http://www.wileycom/ program that provides preliminary pro- phone and making your calls via the compbooks. tection for an invention and gives the Internet. All it takes to get started in CIRCLE 91 ON FREE inventor a year to refine his or her ideas Internet telephony is the information INFORMATION CARD before filing a regular patent application. contained in this book and software like that which is presented on the THE LOW BUDGET VIDEO included CD-ROM. BIBLE: The book reveals things that the Revised Second Edition phone companies would prefer to keep by Cliff Roth under wraps. It explains just what you PATENT I can do with Internet telephony, and how Close to a third of American families to avoid some of the trouble spots of own a camcorder. All too often, how- YOURSELF current Internet telephones. It predicts ever, that camcorder spends most of what the future holds for this fast-grow- its time gathering dust in a closet be- /y bid.irr../flrvnfy 1)mridaro, ing industry, and discusses how other cause its owner became frustrated try- emerging technologies like video on the ing to create good videos. This book World -Wide Web will fit in with Internet tackles the "closet camcorder" head telephony. on. It teaches beginners how to avoid some of the most common problems 4`11.'13ID ~OW ,10Y.311 with home -video footage, - .01110.5 Y1111119111i I. 01.51111K1/06 including

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. ,ArW.rr.C.fwafi.wPd[n:_/./nm(p.rJ^kmyl.rv=:<;:. Th. CLIFF The author, a patent attorney and to.olkit T H E LOW "1 former patent examiner, takes you step-by-step through the entire patent process. He explains how to evaluate UDGE whether your idea will be a commercial success and how to document the invention process, including the date of 'Ij'- Td;) conception as well as building and test - w ing activities. P .1. VIDEO' The book shows you how to prepare )eff,.Pulvar ó and process a full patent application, a,. and contains all the forms and instructions necessary to file for a patent in the B E = United States. Filled with clear exam- The CD-ROM lets you test drive ples, explanations, and illustrations, the all of the leading Internet telephone ?¡ /./;íl book also covers international patent and broadcasting software. It presents RE VISED.SECOND.:EDITION'''/f; protection opportunities, marketing your demo software including VocalTel's - invention, and enforcing and maintain- Internet Phone 3.2 and 4.0 Demo Ver- ing your patent. sions, and Internet Wave; Voxware's continued on page 75

AmericanRadioHistory.Com TECHNOLOGY UPDATE

1 The efficiency of ceramic 9, warmth combines with oscillation to create the perfect heater... This compact heater uses a genuine ceramic heating element and an oscillating fan to eliminate cold spots and provide intense warmth throughout an entire room! by Irma I. Westburg

If you could build the perfect heater, what If you're like me, features would it have? A safe, yet effec- you're thinking "Sure, tive, heating element? A thermostat that that sounds like the per- would let you select a desired comfort level? fect heater, but there's An effective way to disperse the heat through- nothing like that avail- out an entire room? Safety features like auto- able." Guess again. Royal matic tip -over and overheat protection? Sovereign recently un- veiled a remarkable new FE IlE3 heater that combines a ce- EXTENSIVE ramic heating element pop-up door to (top view-control panel) with a solid-state thermostat and an oscillating built-in, automatic overheat and tip -over control panel has fan-its called the RST-1200 Oscillating heater. protection. The unit will shut off if tipped over, power r -r The ceramic advantage. Many space airflow is blocked or anything is spilled on it. indicator I heaters use a nickel coil which bums oxygen- A red safety light indicates that the unit has light a process which can produce odors and even shut itself off for some reason. The RST-1200 is safe you can let ít run 24 safety ermostat cause headaches. Plus, the heaters so irdicator often get hot to the touch, creating RST-1200 FEATURES: hours a day, worry -free! light power a possible fire hazard. And because Genuine ceramic to fit in any en- switch Designed they don't have a thermostat, you heating element vironment. The RST-1200 is ctramic constantly turn them on and htating `asy-carry must 70° oscillation very compact, measuring a e ement handle off to stay comfortable. Solid-sta:e electronic mere 13" tall and weighing just The RST-1200, on the other hand, thermostat under two -and -a -half pounds! - / i removable sdid-stat/ utilizes a genuine ceramic heating Automatic tip -over With a diameter of 8.3", you can c rcuitry filter N. element. Ceramic elements are and overheat protection put the RST-1200 virtually any- be efficient and ef- c aol-touch high - known. to a very High -velocity fan where in your home! In addi- heating method. Ceramic cºbinet velocity fan fective Cool -touch cabinet tion, its sleek design makes it heaters do not burn air-therefore, Compact size a welcome addition to any they do not cause any odors or pro- decor-most people won't even Maximum 1500 duce any unwanted side effects. know it's a heater! RST-1200 is the only heater that combines watts, 5200 btu Pie Even more important is the fact that t.e intense warmth of a ceramic heating ele- the RST-1200 does not get hot lo the Try it risk -free. The RST-1200 n ent with a solid-state thermostat and an Oscillating heater is backed by Comtrad's result? An energy -efficient touch-that means it is not a fire hazard. oscillating fan. The exclusive risk -free home trial. Try it, and if you space heater that will consistently heat an Control your climate. The RST-1200 has an are not completely satisfied, simply return it entire room to your desired temperature. electronic thermostat that lets you choose your within 90 days for a full "No Questions own comfort level. Simply set the dial to the Asked" refund. It also comes with a one-year appropriate temperature, and the RST-1200 will manufacturer's limited warranty. The RST-1a00 oscil- automatically maintain that comfort level. It lates 7tr,, distributing provides even, uniform heat-without irritat- RST-1200 oscillating heater $99 $9 S&H warmth throughout ing cycles. mention promotional code 1431 -PL -10175. an entire room. hot/cold Please Spread warmth throughout a room. One of For fastest service, call toll -free 24 hours a day the best features about this amazing new heater is its oscillation-the RST-1200 oscillates over a 800-992-2966 ° The oscillating difference. range of 70°. A high -velocity fan disperses the The RST-1200 is unlike intense warmth produced by the ceramic heat- mail, check or money order for the ordinary space heaters. ing element, resulting in even distribution of To order by send total amount including S&H (VA residents add 4.5% Because it oscilfates cold spots, the heat. The RST-1200 will eliminate sales tax). Or charge it to your credit card by enclos- over a range of 70°, the RST-1200 spreads even in those rooms with poor ventilation! ing your account number and expiration date. the warmth created by its genuine ceramic heating element evenly throughout your Safety features. The RST-1200 may be the safest space heater you can buy. Its cool -touch room, eliminating cold spots. And with its INDUSTRIES solid-state thermostat, you can set a spe- cabinet prevents the RST-1200 trom being a fire cific temperature, and the RST-1200 will hazard, even when in close proximity to drap- 2820 Waterford Lake Drive, Suite 106 23113 maintain it effectively and efficiently. ery, quilts and paper tissue! The RST-1200 also Midlothian, Virginia

AmericanRadioHistory.Com o ú'`H °A WA

BY MARC SPIWAK The Best PC TECHNICAL EDITOR Speakers in the World? WINDOWS MAGAZINE

I recently had the pleasure of test - no power adapter-it's built into the Lotta Love." This speaker system can I ing-or listening to-what 1 think are bass module. really crank, and with no noticeable dis- the best PC speakers in the world. Of Each platinum -colored driver con- tortion at very high volumes. A crowd course they're magnetically shielded, tains a specially designed 2 -1,2 -inch quickly formed outside my office to see but they're also small and sound great. wide -range transducer. The little cube what was going on. The next day I test- But just saying that alone does not do drivers measure only 3 x 3 x 5 inches ed it with a digitally mastered classical this speaker system any justice at all, and weigh 1.1 pounds each. They're CD (Mozart's Eine Kleine Nachtmusik because you really have to see the so small that they can actually get lost performed by The Academy of Ancient system, and then hear it, to under- in desktop paperwork, as opposed to Music with Christopher Hogwood) and stand what I'm saying. I'm talking other speakers I've tested that can was equally impressed by the sound. about the Bose Acoustimass dwarf a 20 -inch monitor. The bass Awesome! And nobody believes how Multimedia Speaker System. module measures 7-1/2 x 18-1/2 x 8-1/2 small yet powerful the drivers are, even while they listen to them. The system boasts a total power output of 90 watts. That's 50 watts for the bass module and 20 watts for each driver. The Acoustimass features active equalization, a separately amplified bass channel, automatic protection circuitry, and automatic turn on/shut off. Dual inputs let you connect both your PC and another source.

As I said before, this is the best multimedia speaker system I've ever

heard. But what I haven't mentioned is that it costs $699 to have one of your own. Oh well, the very best always costs a premium. You can look at it as an investment in the future, though. While today's hot PC becomes run- of-the-mill in a matter of months, the Bose Acoustimass Multimedia Speaker System will be considered state-of-the- art for a long, long time.

The Bose Acoustimass Multimedia Speaker System is the best-sounding multimedia speaker system NEW STUFF I've ever heard. Steven Spielberg's Director's Chair, from Knowledge Adventure, puts you When I unpacked the system from inches and weighs 19 pounds. It con- in Steven's seat, and shows you how its carton, I thought the left and right tains a single 5 -1,4 -inch woofer. It looks hard it can be making millions of dol- drivers were missing. Filling the major- great with its black -matte finish and lars. ity of the box was the bass module. bass ports on the left corner. Volume, Seriously, though, this unique game Then I pulled out a small cardboard bass, and treble controls are located requires that you make the right deci- box that I thought contained a power on the front right. Normally you would sions so that you end up on adapter. But then I found another iden- tuck a subwoofer out of the way some- Hollywood's "A -List." Different modes tical small cardboard box and won- where, like below your desk, but the take you deeper and deeper into the dered why there would be two power Bose bass module looks so good you'll world of movie making. You're chal- adapters. Upon opening one of the want to display it right on top of your lenged with creating multiple story boxes I found one driver and then desk proudly. lines, coordinating stunts, special another in the other. They were much I set up the system in my office and effects, and lots more. 12 smaller than I expected. And there is first tested it with Led Zeppelin's "Whole The main goal, of course, is to not

AmericanRadioHistory.Com THE El\1CYCLOPÉth -OF i, Take this GIANT:CIRCUIT, ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS c Volumes 1-4 _-

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mode as well. Plus new game modes, Anyway, Creative Multimedia has a CIRCLE 66 ON FREE - modem and network play, stereo new CD-ROM out, called Highlights INFORMATION CARD sound, 54 championship holes, and Interactive, that coincides with the even a virtual tour of Arnold Palmer's magazine's 50th anniversary. It's multimedia. But that doesn't mean it's trophy room. All of this adds up to intended for kids ages 5 and up. The outdated, because Broderbund has incredible realism. It's almost as realis- disc teaches words, cooperative learn- recently released the latest generation tic as the actual game, except that ing, writing, creativity, and a lot more, of the software, intended for ages 9 and you'll never get rained out! all with the animated characters that up. The traveling detective game now How many of you are familiar with lots of kids know and love. Any kid that features 360 -degree views from 50 DEVO? They were one of the first likes the magazine will enjoy this disc, countries and an extensive database of new -wave bands, if you want to all and you only have to pay $39.95 to world information that helps kids with them new wave. I actually used to like bring it home. the game. Newly available is Where in them, although I haven't listened to New from Activision is Muppet the USA is Carmen Sandiego, which them in years. But I know there are still Treasure Island, an interactive game keeps the traveling within our own plenty of die-hard DEVO fans out there based on the movie. Children can join country's borders. Both titles will sell for who won't be able to resist playing characters from the movie and many around $40. Inscape's DEVO Presents Adventures other popular Muppets in this swash- For children a bit younger, ages 3 to of the Smart Patrol, a multimedia buckling multimedia adventure. There 12, Broderbund has an ImagiMaker game created by the founders of are plenty of places to visit, many things Series of creativity software titles. Kid DEVO. It's a battle between good and to learn, and plenty of laughs. Puzzles, Pix lets kids paint and draw and work evil where you must help the Smart activities, and games round out the on all sorts of art projects-even add Patrol save Spudland from the dread- entertaining disc. Muppet Treasure sound effects. Kid Pix Studio goes a ed disease with a bizarre name: Osso Island has a suggested retail price of few steps further and also lets kids ani- Bucco Myelitis. around $49. mate their creations. The Amazing I'm seeing more and more software Where in the World is Carmen Writing Machine quite effectively lures intended for children, and I have a Sandiego is one of the oldest multime- kids ages from 6 to 12 into the world of

it I bunch of this month. figure it must dia titles for children that I know of. It's creative writing, illustrating, and story 14 be because our kids are now better at been around since the beginning of planning.

AmericanRadioHistory.Com - Parallel 75 ohm resístante TECHNOLOGY UPDATE ,5 '17 TOWER For minimum loss of signal aCF Fifteen years of micro- search Slgral + Resonant fine u conVOl tuner control For selecting electronic research makes For dialing ii trip' multi)le antenna clear TVnstereoo configurations receptafi edial; conventional antennas na:HE'S Vilg - a thing of the past! This little box uses your home's electrical wiring to give non -subscribers, cable subscribers and satellite users better Dual outlets with TV reception on local broadcast networks! surge protection For plugging in additional TVatereo equipment, ntir recently, the only convenient way -o guarding against damage Technology corner Ti great TV reception was to ha -e ano surges cableguarantee installed or place an antenna on tcp Wh don't conventional antennas of your T. But who wants to pay a month y wort as well as the Spectrum? cable fee just to get clear reception, or have ran - bit -ear antennas that just don't work on all sta- Bandwidth of TV Signal con- When TV signals tions? Some people just aren't interested in The "Signal Search" offers varying antenna 1 2 3 4 5 6 the best sig- are tuned at the subscribing to cable. Or they may live in an area figurations for the user to select from passes Megah rfiz TV channel's center they can't get cable and TV -top antennas nals of all those being sent. The signal then where "Fine frequency, optimum aren't powerful enough. And what about those through the Spectrum Antenna's special F_ reception. tuning has been, people who have cable or satellite systems but Tuner" circuit for producing crisp, clear 1:".I may ni achieved. still can't get certain local stations in clearly? Rural areas. If you live in a rural area you W Other antennas signal-most rural o Now, thanks to fifteen years of microelectron- need to enhance the incoming center fre- them harder to á can't offer ics research, a new device has been developed that areas signals are weak, making quencytuning like the is a high -frequency is so advanced, it actually makes conventional fine tune. The "Gain Booster" Spectrum Antenna designed to increase the output lev- m antennas a thing of the past. It's called the signal booster " can. They only offer It deliv- snowy - inowy Spectrum Universal Antenna/Tuner. el of the signal entering your television. such tuning up to the a 10 -fold greater signal which will bring richer Spectrum system: . Advanced technology. Just imagine watchers P`ecision tuning edge of the center fre- color and a noise -free picture. By using the "Gain TV and seeing a picture so clear that you'd al- 4 quency. As a result, ing Booster," all of the Spectrum's fine tuning controls swear you were there live. Just plug the Other systems: your TV picture re- most will function better, giving the Spectrum Antenna Nor. -precision tuning Spectrum Antenna into a standard AC outlet and mains snowy. a stronger signal to fine tune. It also works in con- into the Spectrum. You can remove plug your TV junction with your outdoor antenna. the unsightly clutter of traditional TV -top devices offer. The Spectrum Universal does Spectrum use a home's gathering more dust than to evision signals. Get Risk-free Hoy. 90 -day ready for great reception. Your TV will display a Antenna/Tuner comes with our exclusive electrical wiring as an antenna? manufacturer's sharp, focused picture thanks to Spectrum's ad- risk-free home trial and a 90 -day if you're not satisfied, return BAleve it or not, the Spectr.m Antenna simply vanced "Sgnal Search" and "Fine Tuner" controls. warranty. Try it, and it for a full "No Questions Asked" refund. 'activates" the giant antenna that already Uses your home's electrical wiring. The it uses all of the exists in your home. Essentially, Spectrum Antenna is a highly sophisticated elec- Limited time offer! We realize that most your home's walls and ceilings to ' wiring throughout tronic device that connects into a standard wall people have more than one TV in their home. large as your house for; unbe- make an antenna as outlet. The outlet interfaces the Spectrum Antenna We are offering a special discount on addi- lievally clear reception of local broadcasting. with the huge antenna that is your home wiring tional Spectrum Antennas so you can get network. It takes the electrical wiring in your great reception' on all your TVs!, Acting Antenna or apartment and turns it into a multi -tun- house Spectrum Antenna $39 $4 S&H giant TV reception station which will improve able, Additional antennas just.... $34 S&H free your TV's overall tuning capability. The results are $19 S&H incredible. Just think how much power runs Gain Booster $2 home's AC wiring system-all that through your Please mention promotional code 1495 -PL-10173 . power will be used to receive your local -free 24 hours day broadcasting signals. For fastest service, call toll How it works. Broadcast TV signals are sent out from the local broadcast station (ABC, CBS, 800-230-5023 with your home's AC NBC, etc.). They interface MDR SS 115 power line system, a huge aerial antenna network for the of wiring as large as your home itself. When the To order by mail, send check or money order it, enclose your Spectrum Antenna interfaces with the AC line, the total amount including S&H.. To charge date. signal is sent to its signal processing circuit. It then account number and expiration processes and separates the signal into 12 of the Virginia residents only-please add 4.5% sales tax. best antenna configurations. These specially - processed signals route themselves into 12 sepa- !! comtrad rate circuits. The Spectrum Antenna includes a r=+ industries After, 12-position rotary tapping switch, the "Signal 2820 Waterford Lake Dr., Suite 102 Switch" control, which gathers 12 of the best Midlothian, Virginia 23113 antenna configurations.

AmericanRadioHistory.Com NEW PRODUCTS with a standard slim -line battery (continued from page 8) installed. The battery provides 60 minutes of talk -time and 10 hours of tape. It can remember the location of standby time. more than 200 scenes and can fade to The CT -500 offers several conve- black between scenes. nience features, including automatic re - The Sound Effects Mixer 2000 is a dial of any of the last ten numbers and push-button device that offers a collec- nine programmable one -touch memory tion of 59 sampled audio effects, includ- storage locations for priority numbers. ing footsteps, door slams, rim shots, The phone's flip cover remains closed laughing, crying, birds, gun shots, tire to protect the keypad when not in use. squeals, phone ringing, and hoof beats. Its LCD can be read in almost any light- There are also 18 built-in electronic ing condition. In automatic answer tunes and arcade sounds. The device mode, calls are answered after two offers a built-in audio mixer that lets you rings. Dual -number capability saves on combine sound and music from different roaming charges. An electronic lock sources such as a VCR, CD player, cas- can be used to prevent outgoing calls, sette deck, and microphone. The includ- except emergency 911 calls. ed speakers let you listen as you go. The CT -500 cellular phone sells for The Home Video Producer kit has a $69.99 with activation. (In California, suggested list price of $329. For more the price is $169.99 due to state legal information, contact Videonics, 1370 requirements.) Prices require a new Dell Avenue, Campbell, CA 95008- RadioShack's CT -500 is a handheld, activation and minimum service re- 6604; Tel. 408-866-8300; Fax: 408- flip -style cellular phone that can be set quirement with a RadioShack autho- 866-4859; e-mail: [email protected]; to vibrate instead of ring when a call is rized cellular -service carrier. For further Web: http://www.videonics.com/. received. It can also be placed in information, contact RadioShack, 700 CIRCLE 82 ON FREE "silent mode," where a message on the One Tandy Center, Fort INFORMATION CARD Worth, TX LCD will signal an incoming call. The 76102; Tel. 800 -THE -SHACK; Web: CELL PHONE WITH compact phone measures 5.6x2.4x1.1 http://www.tandy.com/rs. VIBRATION ALERT inches and weighs only 8.6 ounces CIRCLE 83 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD

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AmericanRadioHistory.Com 25 REASONS WHY NRI TRAINING IN COMPUTER SERVICING IS YOUR BEST CHOICE FOR CAREER SUCCESS

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EXTRA! EXTRA! BY DAN KARAGIANNIS

Unless you're really young, and long been this famous paper's motto. Internet should check out CyberTimes haven't seen any old movies, Apparently, the pioneer publisher has and Web Specials. Politics, Business, the title of this month's column should decided that all that news is fit to put Editorials/Letters, Op -Ed, are pretty evoke an image. Most likely that of a on a server as well. Best of all, it's all self-explanatory sections, as are Arts newspaper boy standing on the corner available for free, for the near future. & Leisure, Travel, and Real Estate. and waving the latest edition to come The only catch is that you have to take Again, clicking on any of these sec- off the press. a minute to register as a user. You then tions gives you the information from the current edition. Nelscope -Pile New York Times on the Web] L- BiXI What if you want to find old stories? Ede Edit Yew Qo $ookrnarks Qptons Qireáory Wndow help That's possible too (I sense the demise of library microfilm coming). You can search the Times site by filling out an Netsite:Ihtyr//o nyóme5 c0rrr/ online form. For starters, enter up to

What's New? What's Cool? I Destinations' Net Search People I Software I nf week 1 I, It three search terms and decide whether to search for articles that contain all the knlc terms you entered or at least one of ts i cn "¡lie /he N¢i pork OnceeO n a them. *wady r litn 'AII tA. N.n. Thx'. Pit w ARR. Fr14F, December I, ESSS Next you can choose how many

SECTIONS LATE NEVIS UPDATE results come back to you. Select from Front Par CyberTrme. Politics swine,.. Greenspan Speech 4-50 returns, or click on for the site to Editorials:Lows Op -Ed Are & Leisure Travel Sparks Worldwide give you all the resulting articles. It's Rol Estate Job Market Plunge of Markets Dw.Tratra Web Specials also possible to sort them by most MEWS ITT CATEGORY IN CYSERTINES recent, closest matched, longest, oldest, CLASSIFIEDS I FORUMS Futurist Predicts or shortest first, or just alphabetically. SERVICES I SEARCH is The Fall of the You may also find articles you are TABLE OF CONTENTS Inatanal ERubaonct In Markets 'Wintel' Dynasty looking for by browsing through the following indexes: Quick Read of Today's Firm Time ORen: HtE4+ºY-ksrt !r TNr dN SIN I Bela COMIC I6.^'9E7pPiEt STKd Mann, 9>iskEºa/s+ si I ~Jinja Front Page, CyberTimes Index, Busi- ness Digest, Travel Index, or Arts & ®_J ;fDoame 2Done, áP Leisure Index.

The New York Times wehsite makes it easy to find ally piece of information in current as well as You might have noticed so far that I many past editions of this famous paper. didn't mention a weather section of the online paper. That's because there isn't Of course, in recent years, that pick a password, enter the verification a static Times weather section. Instead, hasn't been the method of choice for code they'll e-mail to you, and access the site links to another site for weather. distributing written news. Newsstands the Times. This was a great idea because, the link and home delivery pretty much did When you first log on, you see a is very impressive and constantly away with those young lads in caps. computerized version of the cover of updated. There's a news -ticker -type And now, it looks like they've met their the New York Times. To the left of the banner that gives current conditions match, too. News off the Web is becom- headlines, there are several selectable and warnings, as well as a color map. ing a hot trend, and soon it might do categories that you can click on. Also, you'll find graphical forecast away with not only those selling news- Front Page, like the name implies, boxes like you're used to seeing on the

papers, but with the paper they're print- has headlines from the front page of news (you know the type I mean, a box ed on as well! that day's edition. News by Category with a name of a day and a picture of a gives you a simulated ability to turn to cloud with rain, or a sun, etc.). THE NY TIMES a particular news section.

I would feel almost guilty if I didn't Job Market and Classifieds are par- USA TODAY cover this newspaper's site first. That's ticularly powerful sections to enter. For- While the New York Times has great for two reasons: First, the New York get about scanning pages looking for a national and international coverage, it Times is considered by many (myself particular item. In true advanced -web - has to devote some space to the first included) to be one of the finest papers site fashion, you can simply enter a few two words in its title: "New York." Of in the world. Second, they have one of keywords and look for a particular course, that's fine in my case, consider-

the finest sites on the Web. career or item for sale, for example. ing that's where I live. However, most of 20 "All the news that's fit to print" has Those particularly interested in the you reading this are not from here, and

AmericanRadioHistory.Com What's better than speed reading? Speed Learning. Speed Learning has replaced speed reading. It's a whole new way to read and learn. It's easy to learn...lasts a lifetime... applies to everything you read. It may be the most productive course you've ever taken.

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AmericanRadioHistory.Com , etºc USA'fÜnAyJ .1, L.4 HOT ( File Ed d j/j ew Sjo @ookmerks Qpbons Qiredory yymdow help SITES The New York Times (I I. 1¡ http://wwwnytimes.com Nelsile:lhttp://www.usetodey_com/ USA Today Whet's Neva I Wheys Cool? Destinations NetSeerch r People Software I efo.eek I I http://www.usatoday.com

ET NBA- Knack., e,. Heat at 7:30PM ET NBA- Sun er KIN" at 8.00PM ET NBA- G Jib vs. spas et 83op:

News olumbla ,mission paper, you will find headline stories, VI! 1 becomes ilongest along with headings that indicate which home To_p_News 11* section the story is found in (News, Scores , Stocks Sports, etc.). Just click on a title and

tlAANb Ilyófad 703r AH ET you'll get a summary. Then you can NCAA ` '. wt choose to read the whole article if you Not sign r, Dow tumbles on Web tech 1 like. Politics Greenspan words Another way to find a story you like Opinion « 1 Federal Reserve chair's comments also force nvºI sell -offs in Europe, Japan. is to use this site's search engine; it's T p TODAY quite different from that found in the Lotteries ML.. Seepshot 111t Times site. At USA Today you first Families to testify in ho best tines" xsre: choose from one or more databases: Shopping Simpson civil case Spae rhWlle Columbín May. in .pace another I,ydryex, News, Reviews, Hotsites, Olympics, estimony.to bring emohooal close; day because of fort. wind M. lootingding soots. _ - ; / 1111 10 _' ekbnri a arming Election, and Sports. Then you Those looking for news from across the nation will love the USA Today site. Note the ticker running describe what you are looking for in a sports scores at the top of the page. few words. Sports fans will particularly like the might not want to deal with "local" cov- they're all present. Those who appreci- front page of this paper. At the top of the erage that's not from your locality. If ate charts, graphs, and illustrations will screen, a ticker -tape application runs that's the case, you should point your love navigating through this very col- off the latest sports scores. Apparently, browser to the online version of another orful site. these ticker apps are the latest craze in well-known newspaper: USA Today. Using colored buttons to the right of online news providing. The free site is instantly accessible; the paper's logo the page lets you Finally, because we touched on the there's no registration of any kind choose from: News, Sports, Money, Times' outside .weather sites, it's impor- required. Once you load up the site Life, or Weather. None of which need tant to note that USA Today has sever- you're met by a full -color, attractive any explanation. You can also pick al weather -reporting options available. page. Actually, "attractive" is a key word from specific sections of each, such as First, you can view the paper's national when describing the online version of Top News, Scores, Stocks, Travel, and map, indicating the forecast for the day. this paper. USA Today is famous for its Lotteries. Or you can click on one of the several good-looking graphics, and online On the front page of the online outside weather sites that are linked in this section. Notacape r [U5!'` TODAY Weáttiott U4fClg3 Well, it's about that time again. Until Ele Edit Wow Sao @óokmerks Qptions Qiredory Window help a next month, I hope these sources save 2 you some time (and currently, some Bad Lanyard Ham %load 11I I [ . °q money). Feel free to get in touch with Netsile:Thep://www.usetodcy.com/weather/whonthbn me by e-mail at peeditor@gerns- Whets New? I Wheys Cool? Destinations I Net Search People I Softwere I efo.eek I I back.com or by sending snail -mail to Net Watch, Popular Electronics, 500 EtQnLp9sEº, _ ewa, $~1, t'kLtLºlL hit,* WmthSr Bi-County Blvd., Farmingdale, NY Storm duCp$ 11735. + L:LIaYA _ .Y -141- IctrOml! 'r.lt'.I,4a14 Frilstfs temBer9t9res ,ter: 1011010 Iowan Regieui 10111010 001101 . - - roreCettt 1110101 ltiest 10111010 Midwest V S. oitlºs Sooth World cities ylghwevs e ask Jack e TOPIC Index Eetiwsz.h9ts Ferri rete * Fnºray India Tasiát 11ttuicen9 1].o6A6- t.yAaad 0031 ~IT L91"- --11 Weather safety ra . ocume Qone. -6/ 22 A good example of USA Today's graphics can be found in the Weather section of the paper's site. "You must have skipped a step."

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AmericanRadioHistory.Com i (Will You Still Love Me) When

I'm 64 J--b's

NINTENDO 64 64 -BIT VIDEOGAME _ CONSOLE. Manufactured by Nintendo of America Inc., 4820 150th Avenue N.E., Redmond, WA 98052; Tel. 206-882-2040. Suggested retail price: $199.95.

The much hyped, long -anticipated moment has arrived: Nintendo 64, the first 64 - bit home video -game console, is finally

being sold on our fair shores. Was it worth CIRCLE 55 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD the wait? Was it ever! Its introduction has been a long time coming. Nintendo, once the uncontested leader in the fickle field of video games, U.S. debut date was pushed back until speed of 4500 Mb per second can be up- intentionally sat on the back burner as its autumn-surprise!-just in time for the graded with the addition of a plug-in 64 - arch rival, Sega, and relative newcomer, 1996 holiday season. It remains to be seen Megabyte, 33/4 -inch magnetic disk drive, Sony, battled it out in the 32 -bit arena. As if sales figures rise dramatically in re- which will be sold separately. the Sega Saturn and Sony PlayStation (response. Nintendo teamed up with Silicon viewed later in this issue of Gizmo) stirred That will be determined in part by the Graphics Inc. (SGI) to create a specialized up the somewhat sluggish videogame mar- amount of available software. After all, it's coprocessor to handle the graphics. SGI ket, Nintendo was busy cooking up its always been the quality of the games that had already come up with a $100,000 de- next -generation 64 -bit machine. sell any given platform. As we go to press, vice, known as the Reality Engine, that That's not to say that Nintendo has been a mere 35 shopping days until Christmas, had proven itself fully capable of tackling completely out of the public eye. For the only three N64 games are available. What any graphics job-most notably, it was past few years, the company has continued good is a 64 -bit machine if you don't have used for some of the special effects that to sell its 16 -bit games for the SNES con- much to play on it? made the film "Jurassic Park" such a sole-including a vastly improved Donkey Actually, in the case of Nintendo 64, the megahit. The challenge facing Nintendo Kong Country-and has introduced some answer is quite good. Our unit arrived with and SGI was to take that $100,000 device new portable games. Nintendo has also just two games-Japanese versions at and somehow make it fit in a home vid- been manipulating the 32 -bit wars from that-Nintendo's own "Super Mario 64" eogame console with a $250 maximum the sidelines with strategically timed prod- and- "PilotWings 64," developed in con- price tag. uct announcements. Last winter, promises junction with Paradigm Simulation. Be- The resultant coprocessor has 90% of of an early springtime release of Nintendo tween the two, we could have kept playing, the features of the original Reality Engine. 64, at a lower suggested retail price than and playing ... if we didn't have to stop to In fact, it consists of two separate pro- either Sega or PlayStation, slowed critical eat, sleep, and write this. More to the cessors. A signal processor does the geo- Christmas sales of both 32 -bit systems. point, the games showcase the new plat- metric calculations (N64 games are based (Despite the introduction of the two 32 -bit form's power and capabilities, and leave on 3D polygons, with characters and back- systems, video -game system sales rose users panting for more. grounds created out of geometric shapes). only slightly last year, from 10.5 -million As for the hardware, Nintendo 64's A display processor, which actually gener- units in 1994 to 14.3-million in 1995- specs are quite impressive. A 64 -bit RISC ates the screen images, also takes care of sorry figures, indeed, when compared to CPU with a clock speed of 93.75 MHz such features as texture mapping and Z - the 27 -million machines sold in 1992.) provides Pentium -like power. A separate buffering. Advanced texture mapping al- All those potential buyers who decided 64 -bit processor is included just to handle lows developers to add reality enhancers, to wait for the more powerful system had the graphics. N64's 36 megabits of such as shadows that follow a character, 24 their patience sorely tested. Nintendo 64's DRAM with a maximum transmission and mood enhancers, such as smoke and

AmericanRadioHistory.Com ated joystick-that is used to manipulate characters in their full 360 -degree range of

motion. Exerting different amounts of r. pressure subtly changes the character's gait-a soft touch makes him creep slowly, full throttle has him running all out. The 3D joystick also provides realistic acceler- A. ation and turning in auto -racing and flight A set of four yellow r. simulation games. buttons, located to the right of the joystick, is used to switch the perspective, revealing objects or characters who become hidden behind other objects in the three-dimensional game. In sports games, the perspective buttons are used to position the players on the field. buttons are two ti Near the yellow others-one blue, one green-that are used to make the character jump, spin, throw punches, and make other moves. Behind the right handle (at the back of the i var- controller) is a button whose purpose ies with the game. In "PilotWings 64," for instance, it is used for snapping "photographs." A trigger button, found on the bottom of the center handle, is most often Additional Nintendo 64 game controllers are available in a variety of colors. used for firing weapons. Above the left- side handle is found a traditional cross - fog to obscure objects but not fully hide ting in front of the TV waiting, and wait- shaped game controller. them. Z -buffering makes it possible for ing, it can seem like forever. Having three handles might seem like the system itself, rather than the games, to You're much less likely to notice the overkill, considering that game-players determine which parts of the image are cartridge's lack of available memory-un- have only two hands. But the separate hidden behind others in each 3D scene. less you're a game developer who has to be grips allow different hand positions for Together, the two processors produce very frugal with it-than the CD-ROM's various game types. For 3D action, racing, lifelike three-dimensional images and lack of instant access. But game de- and fighting games, you would hold the 360 -degree movements. The Reality velopers won't feel the memory pinch too center and right handles. That position al- Coprocessor also handles anti-aliasing, severely. According to Nintendo, com- lows you to get the most out of the 3D which smoothes images by reducing the pression technology allows the cartridges stick. You'd grasp the left and center grips jagged -edge effects often seen in bitmap to store plenty of game data, and the con- to be able to control both the 3D stick and images, and MIP mapping, which im- sole's coprocessor takes over several of the the Z -Trigger button for explosive action proves the appearance of a textured surface memory -intensive tasks that are done in games. The Super NES position-holding by changing the image depending on the the software on CD -based systems. the two outside grips-is used for playing viewer's distance from it. MIP-mapping For consumers looking for more memo- side -scrolling action games, action puzzle keeps an object clear when you zoom in on ry, an add-on option called the 64DD is games, and role-playing games. it, or view it from afar. soon to become available. The high-speed, The Nintendo 64 console offers four Memory -saving features like Z -map- mass -volume disk drive attaches to the front -mounted controller ports. Additional ping are particularly important because bottom of the console. High-density, 33/4 - controllers are available (at a suggested Nintendo decided to forego the memory - inch magnetic disks, which are front -load- retail price of $29.95 each) in five dif- dense CD-ROMs used in Sega Saturn and ed into the unit, each hold about 64 MB of ferent colors-yellow, green, blue, red, Sony's PlayStation in favor of silicon - data. It will allow players to write data to gray, and black. That allows a family of based ROM cartridges. The decision was game software, to save characters and game players to readily distinguish be- not made out of misplaced loyalty to an games, for instance. tween their own customized controllers. old-fashioned format. What cartridges Still more add-on memory is available We found the controller comfortable to lack in memory they more than make up for the Nintendo 64 controller. A memory hold, and the controls to be accurate and for in speed; access time is much faster pack, which plugs into the bottom of the responsive as we moved about the three- than any CD -based system. There's vir- controller, can be used to save a player's dimensional worlds of "Super Mario 64" tually no down time spent waiting for a individual game-play and controller pref- and "PilotWings 64." A third N64 new scene or character to appear, which erences. The memory pack can be re- game-"Mortal Kombat Trilogy"-went can take as much as half a minute with a moved and interchanged with any other on sale as we were finishing up this article. CD-ROM game. That might not sound N64 controller, providing portable If you're concerned about the paucity of like much on paper, but when you're sit - customization. software, keep in mind that more than 50 The controller has been designed to take games currently are being created by Nin- Gizmo is published by Gernsback Publica- full advantage of three-dimensional Nin- tendo and third -party developers. By the tions, Inc., 500 Bi-County Blvd., Farm- tendo 64 games. Its shape is evocative of end of 1996, Nintendo itself expects to ingdale, NY 11735. Senior Writers: with wing- release at least a dozen 3D games, includ- Christopher Scott and Teri Scaduto. some alien space ship, three boat rac- Copyright 1996 by Gernsback Publications, like handles extending out from its front. ing "WaveRace 64" (futuristic "Super Inc:. Gizmo is a registered trademark. All At the base of the center handle is an ing), "TetrisPhear" (puzzle), and rights reserved. analog 3D control stick-a thumb -oper- Mario Kart R" (go-cart racing). 25

AmericanRadioHistory.Com Plumbing The Depths

r SUPER MARIO 64. Manufactured by. Nintendo of America Inc., 4820 150th Avenue N.E., Redmond, WA 98052; Tel. 206-882-2040. Suggested retail price: $59.95.

As the latest incarnation of Super Mario roams the castle in search of a princess who needs rescuing, he encounters large paintings hanging in various rooms. Nudge the 3D stick forward, press the blue JUMP button, and Mario vaults into the picture-like Alice through the looking glass. And that's a bit what you feel like too, as you leave this world behind and fall SPEED .,SEIR LEVEL into Super Mario 64. CIRCLE 56 ON FREE INFORMATION The one -player game features elements i2u' km CARD 11,043 familiar to fans of earlier versions of Super Mario-coins, stars, power -ups, puzzles and mazes, hidden treasures, and his old nemesis, Bowser. But the new Mario is a fully three-dimensional figure, created TIME Flight 01' 45"25 from hundreds of texture -mapped poly- Simulator 4 gons. (At the closest camera zoom, Mario Revisited consists of 1500 polygons.) And Mario's world is a beautifully rendered, intricate land with exciting 3D elements. For in- PILOTWINGS 64. From Nintendo of stance, when Mario climbs inside a can- America, Inc., 4820150th Ave. N.E. Red- non, the view switches to a first -person mond, WA 98052; Tel. 206-882-2040. perspective as Mario is blasted through the Price: $59.99. air (to a safe landing, if you've aimed well). SOLED FUEL ° SEN LEVEL If flying through a three-dimensional The is rescue the lb W/hj I 1+4 game's objective to world is your idea of fun, then you'll have princess and defeat Bowser. To do so, you Meters and gauges don't get in the way a ball with PilotWings 64, the first flight - of the flying fun in this game. must explore 25 different areas, including simulator for the Nintendo 64. Don't even a desert, an undersea landscape, a haunted try to compare it to those rather boring mansion, and snow-covered mountains. simulation games where your main wor- out with you in the air. The object is to land As you travel through each of those en- ries revolve around the mechanical aspects safely at the target. Along the way, how- vironments, it's easy to lose sight of the of flying. This flight simulator is built for ever, you try to fly through aerial targets, objective. There's so much to see and do fun. collecting points. If you need a little extra along the way; the ultimate goal doesn't We were at a slight disadvantage with height, you can fly through some of the seem so important. this game-our pre-release copy of the updrafts produced by factory chimneys, or Truly goal -oriented individuals can as- game was entirely in Japanese, so we through thermals over open fields. With certain Mario's position at any given time, couldn't read the instruction manual or the both the gyrocopter and rocket pack, you and make strategic game playing deci- on -screen displays. Nevertheless, we were start out on the ground. You must suc- sions, by checking a map. As the game able to figure out most of the game play, cessfully take off, hit the targets, and land goes on, Mario can gain the strength of up and even get respectable scores. again safely. to eight plumbers. Like PilotWings for the Super NES, the The three-dimensional worlds are ren- game requires players to progress through dered quite nicely, and fun effects, such as a variety of assignments and stunts to earn shadows and reflections, are thrown in. `19"`4' 144/ >QC iri.k: points for their pilot -license certification. You can choose on your -screen character r , There are three basic games. The first from among six, watch replays of your requires you to pilot a hang glider; the landings, or even take aerial snapshots. second, a gyrocopter; and the third is a Fly your rocket pack to the top of Seattle's rocket pack. After you complete all three Space Needle and rest a bit, if you like. at one level, you can proceed on to the Interestingly, the game was designed next. Each one gets progressively more with the help of a team of programmers difficult-or even impossible for some from Paradigm Simulation, which has a people-as the controls get touchier, and reputation for producing some of the best the fuel supply runs down with great military and commercial 3D flight sim- speed. ulators. PilotWings 64 should earn them a Mario swims with the fishes in one wa- 26 When in the hang glider, the game starts similar reputation in the gaming world. tery landscape.

AmericanRadioHistory.Com slopes, bringing the player closer to the skiing than any ski -simula- 6.4 sensation of tion games we've tried. \bu can precisely control Mario's mo- tions and his speed. As he moves, his _ C1 I' shadow follows him. You can also see the :.r shadows of such perils as bouncing balls, and try to get Mario out of their way before they strike him. As he moves in 360 -degree turns, his world changes to reflect the changing perspective. Objects are hidden a behind walls, or revealed, as he travels around. The result is incredibly realistic-and incredibly addictive-game play. Every- one who saw "Super Mario 64" was immediately impressed by what a big step forward it was from the old, two-dimensional version, and quickly drawn into CIRCLE 57 ON FREE INFORMATICN CARD play. There might not be many games yet available for Nintendo 64, but as far as At each level of play, Mario can lose climbs hills or even trees, slides down we're concerned, in "Super Mario 64" power when he is attacked by various en- slopes. He swims in fountains, pools, or Nintendo has found a killer app. Judging emies. His remaining strength ís denoted the ocean; creeps crab -like along walls; by preliminary retailer reports, holiday by a circular power meter; power can be hangs by his fingertips over ledges and shoppers agree-N64, and its three avail- replenished by finding power-ups. then pulls himself up. In one snow-covered able games, are the big sellers so far this Mario runs, jumps, somersaults, vaults, landscape, he slips and slides down icy season.

Power Play ,cHy PLAYSTATION GAME CONSOLE. Man- ufactured by Sony Computer Entertain- ment America, 919 East Hillside Blvd., 2nd Floor, Foster City, CA 94404; Tel. 415-655-8000, 800 -222 -SONY; Fax: 0 \ M.Y5«1on 415-655-8001; Web: http:// www.sony.com. Suggested retail price: $199.

When Sony decided to test the waters of the videogame market, it didn't just stick its toes in. It jumped right in with its 32 -bit PlayStation-and made quite a splash. Within a year of its introduction, Sony Computer Entertainment America (SCEA) =iOvy. I' E.. shipped close to two million units, and i SCEA and its third -party publishers shipped about 9 -million game CDs. According to Sigeo Maruyama, SCEA chairman and CEO, "The PlayStation game console is one of the most successful new products that the Sony Corporation has introduced during the company's entire 50 -year history." Maruyama attributes set -top box. At its heart is a 33 -MHz, 32 - sound processor can also add built-in dig- the platform's success to several factors, bit RISC CPU that offers a 4 -KB instruc- ital effects, such as reverb and envelop. in real life including its "technological superiority," tion cache and a 1 -KB data cache. The What that all comes down to a diverse selection of software titles, and CPU is backed up by a graphics processor is that the PlayStation provides developers the power of the Sony name. (GPU) that provides a maximum of with enough power to create exciting We can't argue with the name -recogni- 16,770,000 colors and 640- x 480 -dot three-dimensional worlds, and to populate tion factor. Let's take a look at the other resolution. The CPU also handles the tex- them with characters that do more than two claims. ture mapping used in creating 3D games. move up and down and right and left. Like The PlayStation is a 32 -bit, CD -ROM - In terms of audio, the PlayStation delivers the Nintendo 64, the graphics for PlaySta- based system that packs the power of a CD -quality sound-and can be used to tion games are created from geometric computer workstation into a gray plastic play audio CDs as well as games. The shapes, or polygons. The PlayStation's 27

AmericanRadioHistory.Com graphics processor can handle 360,000 flat, shaded polygons per second or 180,000 texture -mapped polygons per sec- *do. ond. From those polygons, developers are Firplatant, able to produce 3D settings and objects. Texture mapping further enhances the realism. 11AliIDIC00T As a CD -based system, Play Station has a huge storage capacity. Each CD has 600 megabytes of space available, of which game action rarely takes more than 5%. Developers can use the remaining space as they see fit, giving them much more freedom than when designing cartridge -based games. They can even add bits of memory - intensive full -motion video and CD -quality digital sound to their games. The main drawback to CD -based games is that they don't provide instant access. There's always that lag in play as you reach a new level and wait for it to be loaded. When you're caught up in the game action, ./ even a few second's delay can be annoying. SONY The PlayStation console features a top - loading disc holder at its center, with the uailltsallehfdclh slollás large round POWER button to its left and an , - refs DOG identical OPEN button to its right. Just behind the POWER is found the RESET button. On the front of the unit are two ports for plugging in the game controller that comes conquer the world. With the help of his with the game, and an additional one you Adventure Down assistant, Dr. N. Brio, he invents two ma- can buy for about $30. chines-one to give the animals superior The controller offers two separate sets Under brain power, and the other to make them of buttons. On the right side are four indi- totally loyal to him. Unfortunately, they vidual buttons, marked with an "X," a CRASH BANDICOOT. Manufactured by don't work as planned; instead of devoted circle, a triangle, and a square. Each is Sony Computer Entertainment America, geniuses, he keeps creating raving luna- used for specific moves in various games. 919 East Hillside Blvd., 2nd Floor, Foster tics. On the left side of the controller is a set of City, CA 94404; Tel. 415-655-8000, Crash Bandicoot was a reject from this four directional buttons that allow you to 800 -222 -SONY;, Fax: 415-655-8001; diabolical program, booted out for his move on -screen characters up, down, Web: http://www.sony.com. Suggested overdeveloped conscience, and cast adrift. right, left, and diagonally. Between the retail price: $59.95. As game play begins, Crash has washed up two groupings are the sELECr and START on the sandy shores of N. Sanity Beach, buttons. At the back of the controller are Move over Mario and Sonic-meet two islands away. He's determined to find four "action" buttons, arranged two be- Crash Bandicoot. (A bandicoot, by the his way back to Dr. Cortex's island, where hind each grip for easy access by the index way, is a marsupial native to Australia.) the love of his life, Tawna, is being held finger of each hand. Sony is banking on Crash to weasel his way captive. Along the way, he faces deadly Just above each of the controller plug-in into game -players' hearts everywhere. pitfalls, collects valuable objects, and en- ports is a slot for a memory card. Available Remember The Island of Dr. Moreau? counters increasingly dangerous enemies optionally, the memory cards let a player Well, this game could have been called and obstacles. save his or her place in a game, store a high "The Island of Dr. Neo Cortex." He's the Okay, we've established the genre. He's score, or save character or team attributes. arch -villain who's trying to turn ordinary collecting tropical fruits and gems instead You can bring your memory card to a animals into armored beasts with which to of coins or stars, rescuing a female mar- friend's house, plug it into his or her Play- supial instead of a princess, navigating Station, and prove that you weren't exag- Y through island jungles instead of a cas- gerating your scores! r: tle-but Crash Bandicoot is an awful lot The Play Station doubles as a CD player, f?.1 like Super Mario. They have two other which is especially nice if you have it con- things in common: Both characters are en- nected to a home -theater setup with a good dearing, and both games are addictive. audio system-or the GXTV, described Crash Bandicoot is one of Sony's "3D" later in this issue. CD operations are con- games for the PlayStation. Crash moves -PP>;14 trolled on -screen, using the game control- - forward (deeper into the picture) and back

ler to select specific tracks, play mode ". 71°k+ +, ; (toward the player), as well as left and right (shuffle, program, continuous), or and up and down, which gives you the "press" play, pause, fast forward, reverse, sense of moving into the game. And after or stop. Crash Bandicoot faces a series of Indi- Crash jumps over a wall, you'll want to In its primary role as a game console, ana Jones -style dilemmas, such as turn him (facing you) to see if there's any the PlayStation is a joy to use. Sound and being chased down a narrow lane by a treasure hidden behind it. 28 (Continued on page 33) huge boulder. (Continued on page 34)

AmericanRadioHistory.Com PLAYSTATI,ON,GAMES

Aquanaut's Holiday This is our kind of video game-non-violent, educational, and, most important, fun. Aquanaut's Holiday takes kids of all ages into a world few people have experienced in real life. On your 3D undersea journey, you can swim along a school of rainbow -colored fish as you explore a marine canyon, and invent your own language to communicate with the denizens of the deep. You'll meet more than 120 varieties of sea creatures as you walk along the ocean floor, build coral reefs, and explore the sunken ships and other ancient ruins hidden throughout the exotic watery landscape. You can play for hours without retracing your steps. This is a pressure -free gaming experience, with no deadline or clear objectives past the joy of discovery. The New Age soundtrack enhances the relaxed mood.

Beyond the Beyond Sony Computer Entertainment America's (SCEA) first role-playing game for the PlayStation is Beyond the Beyond, an adventure saga that leads players through a labyrinth of a storyline, full of cunning knights, dragons, evil monsters, fierce battles, and magic spells. In the Land of Quamdar, an age-old truce between good A knight - and evil ends, and dark forces begin to rise from the depths of the planet. Aquanaut's Holiday in -training named Finn gets on-the-job experience as he and his trusty dragon Steiner lead a band of assorted good guys in the fight to banish evil from Quamdar. It's up to you to develop their powers as you unravel the nonlinear storyline. The 3D strategy adventure is intensified by the use of two rich perspectives: a continuously evolving, top -down, isometric view; and a revolving, 360 -degree three-dimensional view.

Bogey: Dead 6 If you liked watching "Top Gun," you'll love playing Bogey: Dead 6. This 3D rur flight -simulation game features 360 -degree movement, tight controls, grueling ..- combat action, and terrific special effects. There is also a plot: An international crime organization, with the aid of several countries, has built a powerful military . force. You assume the role of a Naval fighter pilot, a team member of an elite air squadron, who is assigned to respond to classified international missions. You can select from various types of fighter planes as you go off to save the world from = M destruction. There's no need to fly off unprepared, however. A "training" mode allows you to build the skills needed to tackle the "scenario" mode, where you'll find air-to-air, air -to -sea, and air -to -ground assaults. -fR* ; a 11,..»1+ Epidemic _ And you thought your real life was bad? In Epidemic (the sequel to "Kileak:. The DNA Imperative"), a deadly virus has forced what's left of the human race to Bogey: Dead 6 live underground. A life-support system controlled by a computer keeps living conditions comfortable. But the population is tyrannized by a dictator who uses the guise of population control measures to obtain superior DNA samples with which to create a master race. As a member of the only group to stand up to the tyrant, you must save your captured leader, find a cure for the virus-which has destroy the dictator's regime. Along the way, you ' infected your girlfriend-and i r`06:5 encounter a variety of enemies, each equipped with an arsenal of weapons, movement patterns, and other combat characteristics. Strategy and action are f1F ti combined in a real-time shooting game, complete with new sound effects, advanced 3-D rendered graphics, and faster character movement. rott'Pr'YI

Jumping Flash! 2 - SCEA's Jumping Flash! 2 opens with Robbit, the robotic jumping rabbit from the award -winning original "Jumping Flash!," trying to save the Muu Muus (poor, pathetic creatures) from total destruction. There are six different worlds, each filled with traps, hidden areas, suspended platforms, and underwater areas to explore. You must collect four Muu Muus before advancing to the next level-not an easy task, with Robbit surrounded by a horde of enemies that he must squish or shoot. They include cockroaches, hermit crabs, paragliding Kiwis, jumbo frogs, slime, and origami cranes. Robbit has unlimited shooting capability and new weapons. For Robbit to succeed, you must sharpen your jumping skills. The game Jumping Flash! 2 29 is enhanced with 3D environments, movie segments, and hidden bonus levels.

AmericanRadioHistory.Com e PLAYSTÁTION.GAM.ES.'

King of Fighters '95 tEr ...-.....$..,.:si .t ` Developed by SNK and aimed at males in their teens and early 20s, King of .cSor+r.,. '3-s gñ ' , Fighters '95 is an adaptation of a popular arcade game. With 24 top fighters- s including those from Fury" "Fatal and "The Art of Fighting 2"-available to ' = ; .^w1-_p: èc -.-¡.,: _'-. form three -player teams, the game provides 2000 +Y C*'NF¢+r,e;- ' ii{3. ,y.-u: game -playing team combina- ª.~."a`ì w.á.é..?-îi;,,r.iG`:X:.3i...;ry tions. Each combatant is armed with at least five special moves, plus an extra "last resort" move that radically alters the game odds in the last seconds of play. Game play is two-dimensional, arcade -style fighting for one or two players. (Parents worried about the senseless violence can try to soothe their consciences with the knowledge that their sons' fighters are trying to save the world from the sinister Omega Rugal.)

.11 MLB Pennant Race With licenses from Major League Baseball (MLB) and the Major League Baseball Players' Association (MLBPA), MLB Pennant Race features the more than 700 players that make up all 28 real -life teams in both leagues. Each team's MLB Pennant Race home stadium is fully texture -mapped in three-dimensional detail. The players- dressed in home or away uniforms-are animated using motion -capture technology for head -first slides, diving, jumping, and spectacular catches. In-depth statistics include tracking full -season stats for each player and team, and ranking league leaders in more than a dozen different categories. You can put yourself in the game by creating a player with your personal attributes, or create an all-star team using the trade -player feature. The game offers three levels of difficulty, in - PHI 0' 1st ,Paid either simulation or arcade style, and allows you to play "Home Run Derby," IIIf1t Wing ANA 0, 3:51 "Exhibition," "Season," "Playoffs," or "World Series" games.

i S NHL Face Off '97 NHL Face Off '97 features realistic 3D hockey action with a twist-a revolu- - tionary new passing system. "Icon Passing" lets you bring up symbols, which Q correspond to the geometric icons on the controller buttons-under the hockey ! players. Press one button to pass the puck to that player. Use a combination of 11"' those buttons to pass it between players with lightning speed. Press the SHOOT - buttons immediately after passing the puck, and the receiving player will shoot on ...' goal. The game also offers a host of team strategies that allow you to change your 9RW o team's offensive and defensive style, and even focus play around a specific hockey player. Real statistics and player attributes are included for each of the 650 National Hockey League players on all 26 teams, and you can invent a player to represent yourself in the game. Get ready to practice your drop passes, fake NHL Face Off '97 shots, give and go's, backward skating, and flips; try to avoid painful injuries; and get ready for the winning teams' exuberant celebrations.

Project: Horned Owl Metallica, a terrorist force of "cyber-mechs," is attacking an urban city resembling Los Angeles in Project: Horned Owl, a futuristic action-shooter l game. As the city is buckling, street by street, you become a member of an elite 1: s armed squad-a.k.a. Horned Owl-whose goal is to seek out and destroy the Metallica force and its evil leader. Armed with an arsenal of weapons including 1.d. bombs, missiles, and automatic machine guns, you progress through increasingly difficult and dangerous levels of non-stop combat action. Fully interactive back- grounds allow you to shoot anything in your path-from blasting out windows to 1 blowing up cars. The game offers one- and two -player modes and three levels of difficulty. iI Twisted Metal 2 . Co -developed by Sony Interactive Studios America and SingleTrac Entertain- _ ment Technologies, Inc., Twisted Metal 2 is a high -action, car-to -car combat 1W game that puts you in control of heavily armed vehicles as you search out your opponents through "live" 3D environments. There are no pre-set paths; you can cut through parks, drive on the sidewalk, and take any action needed to defeat the competition. The game begins where its predecessor, "Twisted Metal," left off- 30 Twisted Metal 2 in the wake of the destruction of Los Angeles.

AmericanRadioHistory.Com Game, Set, Watch!

GXTV MODEL GXE1395 PERSONAL VIDEOGAME TV. Manufactured by Samsung Electronics, 105 Challenger Road, Ridgefield Park, NJ 07660; Tel. 800-SAMSUNG. Suggested retail price: $ 349.

The family dinner, as always, was a noisy affair. Clean-up, a chaotic effort in- volving parents and teens, is done. At last, you can retire to the den, settle in your recliner, and relax in front of the TV, watching-Crash and Burn? MTV? Gone are the days when the whole family would gather around the black -and - The Ed q` T white console to watch Bonanza or a . ,, Sullivan Show. With the wealth of broad- f.liac""' / o cast programming and other video options - - available today, it's hard enough for mem- CIFC_E 58 ON FREE INFORhATION CARD bers of the same generation or gender to reach a viewing consensus-forget about wisely included a MENU button. finding one show to suit the disparate cording to the number of players and their Samsung It can be used to call up the set's on -screen tastes of four or five people who just hap- positions relative to the TV. The built-in menus-without resorting to the remote pen to be related by blood or marriage. set -top subwoofer enhances the bass alike. control. When in menu mode, the volume Before someone ends up in the ER or sounds of games and music videos and channel controls are used to move you're driven to Homicide, why not con- The GXTV is compatible with all vid- through the menus and select features and sider buying the kids their own TV, so that eo -game systems. In fact, if you have more functions. Finally, there's a button labeled they can play their videogames and enjoy than one system, you can keep two of them MODE, which, when pushed, automat- their music videos without disturbing your hooked up at all times, thanks to the two GX turns the set on and puts it into peace? And so they won't feel bad about audio/video inputs found on tl-e rear. ically videogame mode. surrendering the big -screen set in the fam- When you're not playing games, the second GX MODE button can be found ily room to their folks, why not buy them a GXTV won't sit around gathering dust. A on the remote control. The backlighted TV that's specifically designed for video - The second A/V input could also be used remote offers the usual (numeric keypad, game playing? to connect a portable CD or cassette player channel up According to Samsung, its GXTV to take advantage of the set's speakers, or power, volume up and down, and down, mute. input select, menu, Model GXE1395 is "the world's first per- perhaps a VCR instead. (Of course, if your and previous channel) but- sonal game monitor ..." designed to game console is CD -based, like the Sega channel scan, as well as a couple of controls that "completely immerse the player in today's Saturn or Sony PlayStation, you won't tons, standard fare. The P.STD and S.STD hottest video games." To that end, the 13 - need a separate CD player; both games aren't buttons are used to adjust the picture and inch set features two wing -like speakers machines also play audio CDs.) Two RF respectively, by selecting one of that open out for game play and close up inputs allow dual connection of the TV sound, the factory preset modes or your own when not in use, protecting the screen antenna/cable; no ;.eparate switcher box is settings. And the SKIP TIMER (from the fallout of a teenager's room, we needed to select sources. A headphone custom button (a.k.a. "Remote Surf") lets you suppose), and a built-in 15 -watt subwoofer jack is found on the front panel. flip through other channels during a com- to boost the bass. Preset audio modes such The set's swinging -door speaker design mercial break and return to the original as "warzone" and "roadrace" are intend- precludes front -panel A/V inputs-the channel just in time to see your show re- ed specifically to optimize the sound of doors couldn't close with anything turn, thanks to an on -screen countdown games that fall into those popular catego- plugged in. Front -panel placement of timer that you can set in 30 second inter- ries. There are also preset video modes for those inputs-and perhaps a few more of vals up to 5 minutes. At the end of the game -playing and watching TV. them-would facilitate switching input specified time, the TV automatically re- The GXTV more closely resembles a sources. We imagine that with the GXTV turns to the show you were watching. computer monitor than a traditional TV. at the heart of their room -entertainment Once you've got your game console Like a PC monitor, it sits upon a swivel centers, today's electronics -laden kids plugged in and the speakers and screen base. The tilt/swivel stand can be moved would tend to be plugging and unplugging positioned properly, using the 45° to the left or right of center, and up 10° devices frequently as they switched from angle GXTV is a piece of cake. The ox MODE or down 5° from level. As we've become CD to radio to videogame to videotape. button, found on both the front panel and accustomed to in the age of multimedia The swivel base, however, ma_Kes it fairly remote control, automatically powers PCs, there are speakers mounted to either easy to reach the rear panel. the up the set and switches its input to Video 1. side of the screen. The front-panel indicators and controls your game, and you're ready to Those speakers, however, are much big- are found below the screen. They include Turn on PlaY ger than those that come standard with LEDs that light when the subwoofer and game -playing mode, the GXTV of- today's PCs. Set into hinged doors, the surround preset functions are in use, the In you a choice of three different video bass -reflex speakers can be positioned remote -control sensor, and a sensibly thor- fers custom, and standard- anywhere within a 175° range, allowing ough assortment of controls. Besides settings-game, 34) 31 the user to pinpoint the "sweet spot" ac- POWER, VOLUME, and CHANNEL buttons, (Continued on page

AmericanRadioHistory.Com Listening to the World ...n,,.,.,.,, ICF-SW1000T SHORTWAVE RECEIVER. .. ., Manufactured by Sony Corporation of America, One Sony Drive, Park Ridge, soNy. NJ, 07656; Tel. 800 -222 -SONY; Web: http://www.sony.com. Price: $699. --- s F + We doubt that anyone will ever make a perfect radio receiver. We doubt, in fact, whether such a thing actually exists-a 3 ' 4 perfect radio receiver, or anything else rb' ; that's truly perfect. There's a reason that . y , ., those old adages, "You can't please all of \.; rt.-^ the people all of the time" and "You can't .... be all things to all people," have been y O passed down through the generations. ~ Sony's !CF-SW/000T, however, comes close. It will surely please a lot of people most of the time. And it has something for just about everyone. The ICF-SW1000T has two timer set- to. So, for example, when you tune to the Ham -radio operators will like it- tings, so that you can record two different 31 -meter band, you see the frequency of though they probably won't it when use shows. The tape deck is auto -reversing, so the lower band edge, but there's no indica- making contacts, or QSOs. Shortwave lis- you should be able to record up to 90 tion on the display that you're in the 31 - teners will love it-even though they might minutes of programming unattended. meter international broadcast. band. That have a dedicated, desktop receiver that As you'd expect on a receiver with such shouldn't be a problem for experienced they prefer for catching the DX toughest wide coverage, there are several ways to listeners, but it might be frustrating for stations. Travelers will want to take it tune the ICF-SW1000T. One way is to en- newcomers. along-even though they might have more ter the desired frequency directly on the The receiver enters its scan mode when miniaturized receivers available to them. keyboard. For example, to tune to 9,630 either of the outer tuning buttons is held Rush Limbaugh listeners will love it, as kHz, you could press DIRECT-9-6-3-0-EXE. down for about two seconds. The receiver will listeners to NPR's "All Things Con- Alternatively, you could use the tuning will scan in either direction until a station sidered." Even casual listeners will come buttons. is detected. Then it will stop for about to appreciate the ICF-SWI000T, which The receiver has a diagonal row of four three seconds. Scanning will continue un- can open up a whole new world of radio for tuning buttons on the right side of the less one of the tuning buttons is pressed. them. keyboard. They work differently in each of When the top of a band is reached, the Why should the ICF-SW1000T be a fa- the receiver's several operating modes. In scanning will resume at the bottom of vorite the of so many people? It's not only a shortwave mode, the outer two buttons al- band. general -coverage its receiver-although low the frequency to be increased or de- One of the high-tech features that makes coverage does start at 150 kHz (below the creased in relatively coarse 5 -kHz the ICF-SWI000T special is a syn- AM broadcast band) and extend up to 30 increments, while the inner two buttons chronous detector. Signal fading is a big MHz. It also covers the FM band; in fact, allow tuning in 1 -kHz increments. On the problem in shortwave reception. Syn- its FM coverage starts at 76 MHz, the AM band, the outer buttons provide 10 - chronous detection reduces the problem bottom of Japan's FM band. It's portable, kHz tuning steps, and the inner ones tune by replacing the carrier of the received measuring just 7 x 4' x 15/8 inches. And 1 in -kHz increments. (Because the spacing signal with a perfectly synchronized, sta- it is also a cassette recorder; it just happens of AM stations in much of the world is 9 ble carrier generated by the receiver itself. to be the smallest combination shortwave kHz, it is also possible to configure the Another problem that plagues short- receiver and recorder on the market. ICF-SW1000T in 9 -kHz increments.) Fi- wave reception is interference from adja- The recorder is a great feature for short- nally, in the SSB receiving mode, the outer cent stations. However, the synchronous wave listeners, who can use it to verify buttons are used to tune in 1 -kHz and the detector circuit locks onto only the upper reception or to study recordings to try to inner buttons provide 0.1 -kHz increments. or lower sideband (USB or LSB) of the pick up things they missed the first time However, the display cannot show the 0.1 - station. So if the frequency of an interfer- around. But it's an even better feature for kHz steps. ing adjacent station is higher in frequency, any average everyday radio lover. Not only The tuning buttons can also be used to you would want to lock on to the lower does the ICF-SW1000T let you record ra- switch the ICF-SW1000T between short- sideband. Conversely, if the interfering dio reception in real-time, but it can also wave bands. When the AM BAND button is station was lower in frequency, you would time -shift programs. So for example, if held down, the outer tuning buttons be- want to lock on to the higher sideband. you can't stay up late enough to catch a come band -changing controls. So, to tune The receiver's USB and LSB/CW favorite late -night radio show, just tell the to the same 9,630-kHz frequency of our modes allow single sideband and continu- ICF-SW1000T to record it. TV watchers previous example, you would first tune to ous -wave (Morse code) signals to be re- have become accustomed to such con- the 31 -meter band and then use the outer ceived. Single sideband and CW venience, but radio listeners have had to tuning buttons to reach the frequency. transmissions are commonly used by ama- forego ít as consumer -electronics man- Unfortunately, when tuning from one teur radio operators (hams). ufacturers took clocks out of receivers, band to another, the display doesn't give The ICF-SW1000T's tiny front -panel 32 and timer settings out of cassette decks. any indication of what band you are tuned (Continued on page 34)

AmericanRadioHistory.Com Organizer Fit for a King

ROYAL FLASHLINK 95 (FL95) PC OR- GANIZER. Manufactured by Olivetti Of- fice USA, Royal Consumer Business ---'---- Products, 765 U.S. Highway 202N, ... _ c Bridgewater, NJ 08807-0945; Tel. 908-526-8200. Suggested retail price: r TNJI4S i $44.95. i9G?-S55"3Y J _ New Year's Day has come and gone- ;'a..= 4-2 how are your resolutions holding up? Have j_1" you knocked off a few pounds yet? Still walking few miles each morning? Put- ;-747v a 1 ting 10% of your take-home pay into sav- U,J ings? Called your parents at least once a C:.l week (without asking for money)? Finished cleaning the basement or garage raTICL= g9ONIFFEE NF6A0 ,TION CARD or attic? And-this one's a perennial favorite- are you organized yet? Have you cleaned we have out your Rolodex? Updated your address Timex Data Link software is included with Microsoft's Schedule+, into our book using the return addresses on all the with the organizer. It works with Windows been able to integrate the product it like it's a Christmas cards you received a couple of 3.1 or Windows 95, and provides basic routine without having to treat months ago? Come up with a way to re- functions for keeping track of names, ad- chore. us orga- member your appointments, birthdays, dresses, phone numbers, appointments, Will the FL95 finally make the organizer under a and your anniversary? anniversaries, and miscellaneous lists. nized? After losing for couple of If you're anything like us, your inten- When you are ready to send the data to the pile of books and papers a found it only after an appoint- tions were good, but somehow your busi- FL95, you simply click on the on -screen days-we ment alarm started beeping-we've sadly ness -card collection is still jumbled in a "Send to Device" button, and point the that no amount of desk drawer, and you never even got organizer at the screen. come to the conclusion electronics can help with that. But-as- around to sending out Christmas cards, let The Data Link software is adequate for suming that we can find it when we're alone save all the envelopes from the ones getting the information into the organizer, now have a single, highly you received. There are three whole pages but the last thing we would want to do is packing-we portable place to keep our travel itinerary, in our address book devoted to a family give up using our current PIM. For- schedule, and important member who refuses to stay put-in either tunately, we don't have to, because our appointment phone numbers when we go to conferences a home or a job. But we can chronicle his current PIM of choice is Microsoft's or trade shows. last dozen or so addresses, jobs, home, Schedule + . business, and fax numbers, and even the Schedule+ supports the Timex Data usually tran- Link system. In fact, if you're a Sched- names of some of his (also POWER PLAY sitory) girl friends, just by glancing at the ule+ user and you're curious to see what (Continued from page 28) entries crossed out in our book. It's an the flashing on -screen bars look like when interesting, but highly inefficient system. data is being transferred, just click on the are We've sought out electronic help by Data Link button on the Schedule+ tool graphics are excellent, the controls and purchasing pocket organizers. In the spirit bar. easy to handle, movements are quick of keeping resolutions, we began transfer- The FL95 has an 8K memory, which is accurate. ring the names and addresses and phone enough to store over 400 entries. The dis- The PlayStation's "three -dimension- 64 numbers from our business -card collec- play is a two-line by 12 -character LCD, ality" was not quite up to Nintendo im- tions and address books into the organizer, which has a pleasant blue "RoyalGlo" standards, however. While a marked games, you typing on a tiny, cramped keypad. We've backlight. Its keyboard is small, and not provement over "flat" 16 -bit falling into never made it past "C." quite touch -typeable, but it is adequate for didn't get the same sense of by Super This time, however, we have high hopes. inputting occasional entries when you're another world that was afforded however, with We a'so have the Royal FL95 PC Orga- away from your PC. Mario 64. On the plus side, for the nizer. The pocket -sized device has one of In addition to the organizer functions, at least 150 titles to be available bored those midget keypads-but we don't have the FL95 acts as a 10 -digit calculator, and 1996 holiday season, you won't get to use it. That's because the FL95 also has includes metric conversion functions. anywhere in the near future. the game the Timex Data Link, which lets us enter Password protection is also provided to Read on for an in-depth look at than we data on our standard PC keyboard, and keep any confidential entries secure. we spent much more time playing then download it to the organizer. We have never been big fans of personal should have-Crash Bandicoot-and more new The Timex Data Link system was de- organizers-they always proved to be too some capsule reviews of several All of the veloped for the Timex Data Link Watch, a hard to keep up to date, and transferring titles for the Sony PlayStation. wrist watch that doubles as a personal in- data from our PC always seemed to be a games reviewed are available from Sony at sug- formation manager (PIM). The technology big headache. Royal's FL95, however, has Computer Entertainment America about transmits data from a computer to another proven its worth to us. Thanks to the Timex gested retail prices ranging from device by flashing lines on the monitor. Data Link system, and its compatibility $50-$60. 33

AmericanRadioHistory.Com VCR Crib ss Ref ereñce ADVENTURE DOWN UNDER teenagers in the family, you know the posi- (Continued from page 28) tion-and proceeded to play Super Mario NOW Find the right Part 64 for a few hours. for your VCR We were glad to learn that the GXTV The PlayStation's standard controller, features a low -emissions CRT; its X-radia- however, doesn't provide the same range tion of 0.01 mR/H is VCR significantly lower tteWren°e of movement as Nintendo 64's, with its than most 13 -inch TVs, making close-up Cross Parts analog joystick. The only way to regulate viewing safer. We were also happy to hear Numbers 8 Crash's speed is to tap the forward button, that the CRT resists image burn -in, which as opposed to holding it down. (The op- can be caused by leaving a game in the tional PlayStation joystick, which does pause mode for an extended period of provide 360° movement, will set you back time. about $60.) The tilt stand allowed us to slant the TV While Crash can move to either side of down for a comfortable angle of view. It Edit¡0n the screen, the primary action is straight was easy to swing the speakers to the prop- tt th down the middle. The game play remains er angle for our listening position. We linear, despite some 3D effects. At times could easily picture our teenaged selves he can circle around objects or advers- parked on the floor, talking on the phone, aries, but Crash's perspective never thumbing through magazines, watching changes. And you don't get the 360 -de- music videos. And we could easily have With the gree views that make "Super Mario 64" so stayed there, making Mario run, jump, cli- super. mb, and swim, for the whole night-if ISCET VCR You do, however, get a challenging only our not -quite -middle-aged selves game requiring ever increasing levels of didn't get so stiff after a couple of hours on CR055 REFERENCE skill on your part. We found ourselves the floor! This 119 -page reference contains playing for hours on end, and didn't come both model and part -number cross- near completing the more than 30 levels of game references updated to include 1994 play on the disc. And Tawna (who, units. by the way, looks much more like a Barbie LISTENING TO THE WORLD Doll than a bandicoot) is still waiting for (Continued from page 32) VCR's are made in a few factories Crash to come save her. Oh well, maybe from which hundreds of different one of these days. brand names and model numbers Has Sony found its Sonic? It just might speaker is surprisingly adequate for much identify cosmetically -changed iden- have! listening. FM stereo broadcasts are re- tical and near -identical manufactured ceived in stereo through the headphone units. Interchangeable parts are very jack. The audio quality is pleasant enough common. An exact replacement part for casual listening. It is, however, lacking may be available only a few minutes GAME SET WATCH in bass output. No tone controls are avail- from away you even though the (Continued from page 31) able for FM broadcasts, but a NEWS/MUSIC manufacturer supplier is out -of -stock. tone control is provided for the radio's AM You may be able to cannibalize scrap reception. units at no cost! and two audio settings-game and The built-in telescopic whip antenna custom. The video settings change the in- The ISCET VCR Cross Reference performs well for casual listening, as does tensity, brightness, and light levels of the is pre -punched for standard loose- the built-in loopstick antenna for AM - image. The audio settings change equal- leaf binding.. .$38.00 plus $3.00 for band and long -wave reception. For better ization. The on -screen menu shipping for each system can results on the shortwave bands, a clip -on Reference. be used to create custom audio and video antenna is provided with the receiver, so Claggk Inc. settings to suit your tastes. you can string it across the room and great- VCR CROSS REFERENCE OFFER In TV mode, there are even more audio ly increase the power of the receiver. When P.O. Box 4099 and video settings to choose from. Preset you're finished listening, the antenna Farmingdale, New York 11735-0793 audio modes include standard, music, winds up into a compact case. An external Name movies, speech, and custom (set your own antenna jack is also provided. However, bass, treble, Business and balance). Preset video the jack is primarily intended to be used modes are standard, sports, Address movies, mild, with a compatible active antenna -3 volts and custom, which lets you adjust con- City for powering the active antenna is always trast, brightness, sharpness, color, and present on the State Zip jack. tint. Power for the receiver Phone portion is pro- We set the GXTV up in our home of- vided by two AA batteries. A Enclose $38.00 for the Fifth Edition of the ISCET separate AA fice-which, sad to say, a VCR Cross Reference and 53.00 tor shipping for each resembles teen- battery provides power for the cassette Reference. ager's room. It's filled with books and deck. An optional wall -mount adapter is The total amount of my order is $ boxes, tapes and CDs, joysticks, Check enclosed-do not send cash. computer available as well. or please charge my credit card. gear, magázines-everything but empty The ICF-SW-1000T is a very good Visa MasterCard Exp. Date -/_/ pizza boxes and soda cans (we had to draw shortwave receiver and a very good cas- Card No. the line somewhere). With not a single sette recorder, crammed into a rather small Signature empty desktop, we ended up placing the package. Its main problem is that it's New York State residents must add applicable local GXTV on top of a computer monitor box sales tax to total. US funds only. Use US bank check somewhat expensive. Otherwise, it has or International Money Order. C802 on the floor. Then we sat ourselves down something for everyone-and a lot for any- 34 L J cross-legged in front of it-if you have one who really loves radio.

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AmericanRadioHistory.Com \II3UILD \\R15)1411111WIC 11RPRGI DERm

Ca:ch beeper messages from the air waves with this device and view them on your computer screen.

BY ALAN D. JONES

Digital pagers, or beepers as described in this article, together with the reception frequency. they're commonly called, a scanner radio and a PC, will permit Pager signals of the type we are have become exceedingly you to decode the messages that are interested in here are modulated by popular in the past decade. Pagers of transmitted to about 80 or 90 percent the "direct FSK" method. This means all kinds are clipped to the belts of of beepers that are commercially that the RF carrier is switched be- millions of people today, and it's quite available, and view them on your tween center frequency 4- 4.5 kHz kHz, likely that one of those people is you. computer screen. You could, for ex- and center frequency - 4.5 to A signal intended for a digital pag- ample, keep a log on disk of all mes- represent binary "1" and "0," respec- er consists, among other things, of an sages transmitted to your own pager tively. Bit rates currently range from individual pager address followed by and verify that all were received by 300 to 2400 bits per second. the message to be displayed on the the beeper. Also, corporations could The most commonly used data for- pager. Note that the word "digital" keep time -stamped logs of all mes- mat is POCSAG (Post Office Code here refers to any pager that receives sages sent to their in-house pagers. Standard Advisory Group). This coding binary data, including both numeric Units like the Decoder are quite standard was devised in a series of (digas only) and alphanumeric (full effective, and for this reason are even meetings of industry representatives text) pagers. The majority of messages used by law -enforcement agencies. hosted by British Telecom in 1978 and in a broadcast will be simple tele- With such high-tech help, the good 1980, POCSAG is a 32 -bits -per -word phcne numbers or digit codes, but guys in blue can keep tabs on the synchronous error -correcting code people with alphanumeric pagers dealings of known nefarious charac- using a 17 -word frame. It is broadcast are increasingly making use of de- ters. at 512, 1200, and 2400 bits per sec- tailed text messages, often of consid- ond. On most paging channels you erable length. How Pages are Transmitted. will hear the signal switching rapidly But how do you know if the mes- Paging channels can be found scat- between different bit rates as various sages being transmitted are being re- tered around the VHF (152 MHz) and pagers are addressed. To learn to rec- ceived correctly? There's no backup UHF (454 MHz) bands. In most metro- ognize POCSAG by its distinctive message generated by paging ser- politan areas, a large number of pag- sound, just use the search mode on vices, and you therefore have no way ing channels can be found within the your scanner in the 929- to 932 -MHz of determining if you're getting the dedicated paging band rom 929 to range. About 90 percent of the signals whole message. What's needed is a 932 MHz. To discover the frequency you hear will be POCSAG atone of the way of getting a second look at a used by a specific paging service, just three standard bit rates (see the message. look at one of their pagers. There will "POCSAG Messages" box for more in- 39 The Alphanumeric Pager Decoder almost always be a sticker indicating formation).

AmericanRadioHistory.Com +5V +5V al R1 R2 2N3906 47K 47K 1N

Q2 Q3 R4 2N3904 2N3904 RS R6 +V S 200K 47K 2 2K 13 M1 1044 D1 14 1N4148 IC2-d D2 1/4 LF444CN 1N4148 C3 D3 .022 -V -V 1N4148

H ' R7 R8 C5 47K 47K .001 R10 4.7K R12 10K D4 D5 10K 1N4148 1 1N4148 D6 +V 1N4148 O- R13 C6 470K LED1 T -V DATA INDICATOR

401.4, R14 H2 C7 68K 47pF

1M J2 R15 AUXILIARY 200K R17 SPEAKER 2.2K OUTPUT IC3 J1 R18 11ti LP2950CZ INPUT IC2-a IC2-c +5V PD0K-1-)c 1/4 LF444CN 1/4 LF444CN `--O C9

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Fig. 1. Here is the schematic for the Alphanumeric Pager Decoder. Many sections of the circuit take their power from two pins of a PC serial port, through DB-25- connector SOI. Regulator 1C3 also converts that power to a 5 -volt source for use by other parts of the circuit.

Using Your Scanner. A perfectly de- amination of the outputs of several struct the original data by the use of a modulated paging signal should ap- popular scanners reveals certain Schmitt trigger. There are two oppor- pear on an oscilloscope as a series of common characteristics. One of tunities for trigger points on the audio rectangular pulses of varying width these is that all DC information is lost; if waveform: the initial spike and the first (squarewaves). This signal exists at a long string of 1's or 0's is encountered overshoot. Which one is best depends some point within the circuitry of any (no bit transitions), the output quickly on whether or not the amplitude of radio receiver. Unfortunately, most settles to a center zero point re- the initial spike is significantly higher low- to moderate -cost scanners were gardless of the polarity of the binary than the first overshoot. The general designed specifically to listen to voice data. Another is that any bit transition lack of a major second overshoot is transmissions. As a result, that nice causes an initial spike of the proper the detail that allows us to get away clean squarewave passes through polarity followed by a moderate -to - with using the first overshoot instead of several stages of lowpass and high- severe overshoot of the opposite po- the spike. For any particular scanner, pass audio filtering to optimize the larity. The second overshoot (back in direct experimentation will determine sound quality from the speaker. The the original direction) is usually well - the best location for the trigger points. result is that the signal available at the damped and of much lower ampli- If your scanner has a "discriminator" external speaker or earphone jack tude. To make matters worse, the or raw -data output, then you should bears little resemblance to the origi- "ringing" frequency is often roughly by all means use it with the Decoder. nal source. equal to half the bit rate of a 1200 -bps Most do not, however. So, as we'll see One of the functions of the De- data stream, causing transition -in- later, you will probably have to locate coder is that of reconstructing the duced spikes to sometimes super- this unadulterated signal within the in- original data waveform from the high- pose themselves on the first overshoot ternal circuitry of the scanner. A little ly distorted waveform available at the from a previous transition. work with a soldering iron can bring 40 audio output of a typical scanner. Ex- The Decoder attempts to recon- out an extra pair of wires (or a jack)

AmericanRadioHistory.Com providing the desired output. Be- tional asynchronous byte, including sync, word -sync, error -correct, de- cause of the audio filtering, you can start and stop bits, at 19,200 bps. This code, and display the data stream normally decode 1200 -bps and lower amounts to four samples per bit at a from this device would be a project of transmíssíons, but it's pretty hopeless 2400 -bps íncomíng data rate (more greater magnitude than the physical to extract useful data at 2400 bps for lower rates), which is adequate for construction itself. However, a pro- without a direct discriminator output. purposes of software -based bit syn- gram that performs these functions Just because you have an accu- chronization. under either Microsoft Windows 3.1 or rately reconstructed binary data The work of determining the data Microsoft Windows 95 is available at stream doesn't mean that the prob- rate and subsequently converting the no charge via the Internet at http:// lem of interpreting pager signals is data to c usable one -bit -per -data -bit wwwcylexinc.cóm/download.htm or solved. We could try level -translating stored format is still handled by the PC from ftp.gernsback.com. This pro- the signal to RS -232 voltages and itself. The advantage of this method is gram decodes POCSAG at all three feeding it into a serial port, but the that, since data is received by the PC standard rates; if you need to decode following must be considered: (1) bit serial port in the standard way, the another coding format, you will need rates may change unexpectedly, and usual operating -system -supplied se- to write your own software for now. (2) POCSAG is a 32 -bit synchronous rial port device drivers can be used to Note that any program accepting format that is incompatible with the receive and initially buffer the data. data from this device must be capa- data input mechanism of the type of This buffer can be occasionally read ble of accommodating a never-end- UART that is normally used in PCs. and analyzed by an application pro- ing stream of 19200 -baud data and There is some temptation to solve gram that, because of the buffering in performing a fair amount of com- both of these difficulties by feeding the device driver, can easiy run in a putation on that data at real-time the signal to a "handshake" line of the multitasking environment. speeds. It is necessary to use a rea- serial port (instead of the normal data The writing of PC software to bit - sonably fast PC to run such a pro - line) and using highly timing -intensive software to measure individual bit PARTS LIST FOR THE the transitions in order to determine ALPHANUMERIC PAGER DECODER current bit rate and extract the correctly synchronized data words. In SEMICONDUCTORS ADDITIONAL PARTS AND MATERIALS fact, there exist products on the mar- IC1-PIC16C54 preprogrammed XTALI-4-MHz crystal in HC -49/ ket that do exactly this, and the inge- microcontroller, integrated circuit US package low-power op- nuity that must have been required to IC2-LF444CN quad , J1, J2 -3.5 -mm mono phonó jack ' amp, integrated circuit - with write such software is something to be SOI-DB-25, female connector low drop -out 5 -volt admired. The disadvantage of this IC3-LP2950CZ solder -cup terminals' regulator, integrated circuit Hl, H2-Two-pin header (right-angle approach is that the software running Q1=2N3906 general-purpose PNP break -off pin strip, 0.1-idch the PC must perform timing tasks at on silicon transistor spacing) the sub -millisecond level in a way that Q2, Q3 -2N3904 general-purpose Printed -circuit materials, DB-25 essentially prohibits operation under NPN silicon transistor connector hood designed to multitasking operating systems such Dl-D6-1N4148 general-purpose accommodate a DB-25 at both as Microsoft Windows. Such programs silicon diode ends, jumper shunts .(0.1 -inch tend to run under MS-DOS only and LED1-Light-emitting diode; 3 -mm spacing) to fit Hl -and H2, cable must "own" all the CPU time in order to diameter, red with a 3.5 -mm plug on each end, function correctly. wire, solder, hardware,'etc. RESISTORS The Decoder overcomes this disad- Note: The following items are are %s 5% units.) vantage by adding one more pro- (All resistors -watt; available from Cylex Inc. (2501 RI, R2, R5, R7, R8 47,000 -ohm cessing step between the recon- Afton Court, League City, TX R3, R11, R12, R18-10,000 -ohm structed data stream and the PC 77573-3438; Tel. 800-356-7047;' R4, R15 -200,000 -ohm serial port. A Microchip PIC16C54 mi- Fax: 713-332-4730): double -sided R6, R17 -2200 -ohm' etched and drilled PC board with - croprocessor is used to reformat the -ohm R9, R13 -470,000 matching plastic case-$25.00; kit data into a form that is acceptable to R10 -4700 -ohm of parts including pre-programmed PC UART. In order to retain a standard R14-68,000 -ohm PIC16C54 (no board or case)- the versatility and general ap- R16, R20-100,000 -ohm $35.00; pre-programmed plicability of this device for future ap- R19 -100 -ohm PIC16C54 only-$11.00. When plications in decoding other digital ordering by mail add $5.00 data stream formats, the embedded CAPACITORS shipping and handling to all software for the PIC CPU operates sim- Cl, C2-15-pF, ceramic -disc orders. Texas residents please add ply as a constant -rate sampler, con- C3 -0.022-µF, Mylar an additional 7.25% sales tax. tinuously taking samples of the state C4, C6, C8 -1-µF, 16-WVDC, Visa, -MasterCard, American of the data stream at approximately tantalum - Express, and Discover cards will be accepted. A floppy disk 9600 samples per second. Each time C5, C10-0.001-µF, ceramic -disc C7-47-pF, ceramic -disc containing the AccuPage Radio a group of eight samples has been nonpolarized Mylar (see Monitor program will be included is transmit- accumulated, the group text) free of charge with all orders. ted to the PC serial port as a conven- 41

AmericanRadioHistory.Com gram; we recommend a 33 MHz 486 as a minimum.

Circuit Description. The schematic for the Decoder is shown in Fig. 1. Basically, the circuit consists of four blocks: the power supply, input -signal processing, Schmitt trigger, and digital sampler/UART. All necessary power is drawn from the handshake lines of the serial port itself. The request -to - send line (pin 4 of SO1) provides negative voltage and the data -terminal -ready line (pin 20 of SO1) provides positive voltage (software must set r these outputs appropriately). Reg- ulator IC3 creates a 5 -volt logic supply A properly assembled Decoder PC board will fit inside a DB-25 connector hood. for microcontroller 101. The RTS line (negative supply) doubles as a reset C9 and R20 eliminate any undesired board is not desirable. control for 101 when it is set momen- DC components that may exist in the For the most compact assembly, tarily positive, while the data -output scanner signal. One section of an you might want to build the circuit in line from the PC serves as a separate LF444CN, IC2-a, is simply a buffer and the fashion the prototype was as- negative supply to produce the nec- gain block with two jumper -selecta- sem bled-on a double -sided essary voltage swing to drive the PC's ble gain settings; IC2-c buffers the sig- printed -circuit board. That way, the data input at RS -232 levels. nal to the auxiliary speaker output. entire circuit will fit inside a plastic Resistor R19 is a simulated speaker Section IC2-d and its associated DB-25 connector shell. If you'd like to load for the scanner if needed. Com- feedback components form a etch your own double -sided PC ponents R18 and 010 form a lowpass Schmitt trigger with thresholds of ap- board, you can use the solder- and filter to remove the 455 -kHz IF compo- proximately + 0.1 and - 0.1 volts, Ca- component -side foil patterns shown nents (and harmonics) that are often pacitor C5, section IC2-b, and their in Figs. 2 and 3, respectively. Or, you present at discriminator outputs. Both associated resistors are set up to can order a drilled and etched board cause LED1 to flash on each negative from the source mentioned in the transition of the Schmitt trigger output Parts List. as an aid in setting the scanner out- If you build the Decoder on the cir- put -level control. Transistor Q2 con- cuit board, use the parts -placement verts the rail -to -rail swing from IC2-d diagram shown in Fig. 4 as a guide. Be to logic levels for input to micro - careful about the sequence in which controller 101, a PIC16054. you install the parts. Note that some of The PIC contains on -chip PROM the discrete components in Fig. 4 are that must be programmed with the shown made up of dashed lines. small program whose source code Those mount on the solder side of the L111111 IIIIIJ and compiled hex file can be down- board directly under ICs. Solder those loaded from the Cylex Internet site parts in place and clip their leads be- 1-3/8 INCHES H- --» mentioned earlier, or the Gernsback fore you install ICs. Do not use sockets FTP Pre-programmed chips are also under the ICs if you plan to enclose Fig. 2. This is the solder side of the available from a source mentioned in the circuit in the plastic shell; there is Decoder circuit board. the Parts List. This program is clock - simply not enough room. rate sensitive and will not work unless It is also important to solder all a 4 -MHz crystal is used. TO -92 parts (Q1, Q2, Q3, and IC3) with their plastic cases all the way down to Construction. Layout of the circuit is the board, again because of the non -critical. For that reason, any rea- shortage of room. Jacks J1 and J2 sonable breadboard assembly tech- and SO1 go against the edge of the nique can be used to build the board and some of their pins solder to Decoder. The only precautions you'd each side. Be sure that SO1 is perfectly have to follow are: (1) Be sure that straight against the board edge or crystal XTAL1 and its shunt capacitors the connector shell will not fit. The LED Cl and C2 are close to micro - should protrude through a hole in the F 1-3/8 INCHES - - controller 101 with short lead lengths, connector shell drilled or punched to and (2) Keep C8 close to 103, and C3 accommodate it. Also, make sure that Fig. 3. Here's the component side of the close to 101. However, when it comes C9 is small enough to fit in the space 42 board. to size, building the circuit on a bread- allowed on the board.

AmericanRadioHistory.Com S01 outputs. If you are using a discriminator output, then the following para- Tp-R18-- graph referencing volume -control ..1"""r" d ` settings does not apply; you should be c10 C2 I ` XTAL1 C3 . Cl able to just plug and go. If the LED (i) tr.) R19 b does not come on during transmissions, then install the pin on H2. 1. ,y )».19 CI Set the volume control to its mini- -Ri . 14D2 mum position. Connect a small R4,I I z°R20 --) speaker or earphone to J2. Be sure -F{8- -}R15-f)* 7 that the COM port is set correctly and that you check the "Enable" check - R7 box near the top of the AccuPage Ra- I 07 - I dio Monitor screen. Gradually in- 111 crease the volume setting until the LED begins to glow continuously during transmissions; stop at this point. Do not change the volume between transmissions; you will just be turning +, S' -C4 J2 the control with no reference. During D3 '11 , ' R6 ;F12 C5 R12 R7 a paging transmission, the apparent intensity of the LED should appear to waver in sync with the sound you hear, IC2 but it should not go out except between transmissions. (If you have an oscilloscope, connect one channel Fig. 4. Use this parts -placement diagram as a guide when assembling the Decoder on to pin 1 of IC2 and the other to 9 a PC board. Note that the parts drawn with dashed lines are mounted on the pin of component side of the board. 101 to see how the circuit is interpreting the analog waveform.) Keeping all those assembly tips in IC3, are flush against the board. Test It is worth pausing here for a mo- mind, this is the recommended se- the circuit before installing the plastic ment to emphasize the importance quence to optimize putting together shell; the shell is difficult to take apart. of clean reception on the scanner. the circuit board: Solder the two 3.5 - Move or re -orient the antenna as nec- mm phono jacks to the board, center- Checkout and Adjustment. To essary! The sound you hear should be ing them against the edge. The power up and test the circuit, it is nec- as flee as possible from hiss or crack- ground lug on each will need to be essary to have either the AccuPage ling noises. The sensitivity and selec- bent about 45 degrees in order to Radio Monitor program for the PC tivity of a wideband receiver is often touch the pads on the board. Next (mentioned earlier) or a test program not as good as that of a single -fre- mount the Dá-25 connector to the that sets the COM port as follows: quency pager receiver, and getting board using only pins 1 and 13. Tem- RTS = 0, DTR = 0 for at least 0.1 sec, fol- good reception is subsequently more porarily place the board into one side lowed by RTS= 1, DTR=0 indefinitely. difficult. of the plastic shell. If things do not line This resets 101, then configures the Watch the "Signal" indicators near up properly, reheat the solder joints lines to provide power. Start with the the top of the AccuPage Radio and adjust the position of the con- device connected to the COM port Monitor screen. The green to red ratio nector. Then solder the remaining pins but nothing connected to J1 or J2. corresponds to the correct to errors of the DB-25. Measure the voltage (relative to cir- ratio. The left indicator is the one to Using the plastic shell half con- cuit ground) at 101 pin 14 and IC2 pin watch initially; the right indicator al- taining the LED hole as a guide, install 11; these should be + 5 volts and -6 to ways starts at "100% bad" and repre- the LED on the solder side of the -11 volts respectively. The LED should sents a cumulative weighted average board. Be sure to get the polarity cor- not be lit. over the last several seconds of valid rect. We stress this because the in- Next, tune your scanner to an active data. We are looking for the left installation of IC2 later will make paging frequency. Use an appropri- dicator to show mostly green. White desoldering of the LED difficult. Install ate cable to connect the output of indicates no valid data at all. If the 01, 02, 03, X1, R9, R13, R14, and R16 on the scanner to J1. If you are using the indicator remains white, and the LED the solder side of the board as well. speaker/earphone output of the glows as described, try toggling the Leave about 1 mm of extra lead scanner, install a connecting pin to "Inverted Data" checkbox. Every length on C1-03 and bend these header H1; remove it if you are using a scanner is different and the output parts down flat against the board in discriminator output (more on that polarity of yours may be backwards the direction away from the crystal. later). Leave the pin on header H2 off; from the program's convention. Install all remaining parts on the it is needed only in a small percent- If you just can't seem to get any component side of the board. Be sure age of cases with discriminator out- indication on the signal indicator, try that parts, all especially Q1-Q3, and puts and almost never with speaker increasing the volume setting by tiny 43

AmericanRadioHistory.Com incremental amounts, being sure to First of all, get a schematic of the don't have a schemata), look for the try both settings of "Inverted Data" at scanner! Without this, you still might FM demodulator. In many scanners, each position. Once the indicator have success, but it's going to take an this is the popular Motorola MC3361 shows some green, then keep adjust- oscilloscope and a lot of patience. chip. If you find one of these in your ing the volume for best results (mini- Look for the audio amplifier circuit. scanner, then pin 9 is the unfiltered mum red). If you are getting readings This will usually consist of two or three demodulator output. Depencing on but are unable to reduce the "bad" stages of amplification, probably with the external circuitry, it is possible that (red) percentage to a small value, a second -order lowpass filter and a pin 11 is also a good place to get a then approach from the other direc- second -order highpass filter some- signal. Use an oscilloscope if possible tion. Set the Inverted Data checkbox where in the chain. Try to obtdin a to select the "squarest -locking" signal. to its opposite setting (to trigger on the take -off point at the beginning of the In addition to the signal take -off overshoot as described earlier) and amplifier chain. The signal here will point, you must at course ato bring increase the volume to a much higher probably be only a few tenths of a out the scanner's circuit ground. setting. Then decrease the volume in- volt, should look like square waves, Warning: In some handheld scanners crementally, searching for an op- and is likely to have a lot of 910 kHz we have examined, the "case" side of timum setting based on the Signal superimposed on it (twice the lowest the external speaker jack is not indicators. IF). grounded. Look on the circuit boards The AccuPage Radio Monitor pro- As an alternative (particularly if you (Continued on page 60) gram by default logs and displays all messages that it decodes. If you would like to see only text messages, or to filter the messages so that only those for particular pagers are logged, select "File/Search List" from the

menu bar. A typical paging service , 'i might easily transmit 100,000 pages per day, and the message log file generated by logging all of them will rapidly grow to a size of many megabytes. f _ Troubleshooting. The following are some of the most likely reasons why i the device might not work properly:

(1) Connector problems at the scanner output. (2) Wrong COM port set up in software. (3) "Inverted Data" setting is incorrect. (4) Computer is too slow (use a 486/33 or faster). (5) Weak or noisy radio reception. (6) Wrong settings for pins in H1 and H2. (7) The received signal is not direct FSK. (8) Wrong scanner demodulation mode (should be narrow FM). (9) The received signal is not POCSAG (there are other paging formats). (10) Soldering problems, wiring errors, i damaged components, etc. . -F +f g . i? ti;, Obtaining Unfiltered Scanner _. Audio. Every scanner is different, and it would be difficult to provide specific instructions for tapping into the unfiltered demodulator output for every 41,1, type of scanner on the market J 9d (though we will give tips for one later _i .7ia"-=a :r-F. 'd.. on). Here are some general sugges- Fig. 5. Once the board from the Uniden SC -150 is removed (see text), use this photo 44 Lions: as a guide to locating the signal -connection point for demodulator output.

AmericanRadioHistory.Com Build an Electroniç. Parrot., . Enjoy hours of entertainment with this digitit 7 little friend that realistically repeats , whatever you say to it.

et HEAVY DUTY rT M.A El-' 11 . ; d _

BY DAVID WILLIAMS

just a digital voice recorder. The chip It must have been somewhat bor- voice recording/playback controller functions in an active "listening on the open seas a couple that uses an Adaptive Delta Modula- normally ing" mode. In this mode, recording hundred years ago. For this rea- tion (ADM) algorithm to digitize sounds The starts whenever a sound input is de- son, perhaps, you'll find that stereo- and store them in external DRAM. Recording continues until typed pirates often had parrots on chip internally generates the refresh tected. can there is a '/º second of silence de- their shoulders. The idea is that they'd signals required by the DRAM and tected or the DRAM becomes full. At pass some time trying to get their birds address either 64K or 256K of memory. this point the HT8656A automatically to say things. Anyone who's done the The ADM algorithm works by sam- to playback mode and re- same with a parrot or parakeet knows pling the input signal and comparing switches the pre- peats back whatever it heard. it could be quite funny when they fi- the current audio level to 1 runs from a single nally speak. viously sampled level. A digital or 0 is The entire circuit 81, Capacitors C1-C4 Well, thanks to electronics, you can generated to represent a positive or 9 -volt battery, is filtering and bypass- have a talking pet that always repeats negative signal change. The result provide power Components Q1, R1, and D2 form whet you say. The Electronic Parrot de- an encoded bit stream that repre- ing. is voltage regulator that converts the scribed in this article is a digital voice sents how the audio signal chang- a to stable 5 - recorder with automatic playback. ing from instant to instant. On the 9 -volt battery supply a is volts for IC1 and IC2. Transistor Q2 is When the Electronic Parrot is powered HT8656A, the sampling rate deter- to switch the 5 -volt power on up, it will listen for speech, record it, mined by an internal oscillator and used is off by R2, then automatically play it back. can be set to either 16K or 32K bits per and off. Initially, Q2 biased 2 when S1 is pressed, Q2 switches on The entire circuit runs on a 9 -volt second. The 32K bit -rate allows sec- but The HT8656A battery and it automatically shuts onds of good quality recording ca- and IC1 receives power. pulls pin 17 to power off after two minutes of inac- pacity for the 64K DRAM and 8 then immediately The 16K and keeps Q2 on via D1 and tivity. It makes a great learning project seconds for the 256K DRAM. ground times R3 S1 has been released. In order for kids of all ages and will provide bit -rate doubles the recording after the battery, IC1 automatically hours of fun and entertainment. but sound quality is sacrificed. When to save the recorded signal is played back, it powers -off when no sound is de- 2 or when the Circuit Description. Refer to the is clocked out of memory and tected after minutes has occurred 64 schematic of the electronic parrot as through a 10 -bit digital -to -analog play/record cycle passes times. It does this by taking pin 17 high, shown in Fig. 1. The circuit is based on converter (DAC) and then Q2 to switch back off. a CMOS Large -Scale Integration (LSI) through a voltage follower. and allowing R5, R9, and C12 pro- chip from Holtek Microelecronics Inc. The HT8656A has some unique con- Components filtering and bias voltage 45 The HT8656A (IC1) is a single -chip trol circuitry that makes it more than vide power

AmericanRadioHistory.Com C4 R3 C3 .1 Q2e Q1 _I C12 10052 .1 100 2N4401 2N4403 B1 R5 R4 9V 1K 47052 1C2 1M 81256 LED1 20 AO, AO +V 7 16 Al' Al LEDB. H1 +V 6 D2 A2 A2 C13 2 5.6V R7 12 5 MS1 100 A3 A3 1.5K 11 4 H2 A4 'A4 R2 10 3 2 S1 1000 A5 A5 16KB 13 D1 START A6 A6 3.6V 9 2 T A7 A7 START O O- 12 l A8. A8 9 RASB RASB 15 13 CASB 16 CASB C8 R9 GND 10 .1 12K C15 WRB' WRB 24 11 Va 100 DI. DATA IE 5 18 IC3 +IF DO MOTOR C2 20 LM386N BIAS .047 AIN1 C101+ SPKR1 IC1 Cl R12 10 80 C11 ' 470pF 150K HT8656A 22 22 R1 Ao1 GND ----IE R6 C14 100 R10 C6 1K 100 30K a .1 3 AIN2 14 15 OSC2 R8 C5 4.7K .1 C9,, VA. Q3 .1 2N4401 e7 R11 iT 43K MIC1

Fig. I. Here's the schematic for the Electronic Parrot. The circuit is based around the HT8656A (ICI), which is a single -chip voice recording/playback controller.

for the electret microphone, MIC1. Q3 to save power whenever the chip down mode. The microphone output signal is DC - is in listening, recording, or power- The light-emitting diode, LED1, is on coupled to the preamplifier input by C8, and resistors R7 and R8 set the preamp gain at 5. Resistor R8 sets the internal oscillator frequency of 101 to 450 kHz and header H2 selects the sampling frequency as either 16KB/ sec or 32KB/sec. Chip IC2 is either a

64K x 1 -bit or 256K x 1 -bit dynamic RAM chip. The appropriate address, refresh, and read/write signals for the DRAM are provided by 101. Header H1 selects either the 64K or 256K memory size. When 101 is in playback mode, the audio signal appears at the Vout pin (24) and is DC coupled by C5 and filtered by R4 and 07. The audio is amplified by IC3, an LM386 amplifier, which then drives the 8 -ohm speaker, SPKR1. Since IC3 is connected directly 46 to the 61,101 shuts IC3 off via R10 and Fig. 2. If you'd like to build the Parrot on a PC board, use this foil pattern as a gu'de.

AmericanRadioHistory.Com for H2 H1 pieces of solid wire to the board the Iwo jumpers. Next install and sol- j C9 + SPKR1 in place, i C8 der the two Zener diodes C15 R9 noting their polarity. Then move on to

C4 C2 the resistors and ceramic capacitors. C1 e7. Be sure to observe proper polarities -R2- _ _ 6 Cl + a3 when installing the electrolytic ca- -4112- 01 +R8 pacitors and transistors. It may be -R10- I necessary to bend the leads of the MIC1 -R6`,C5 transistors to fit the PC board. 1 A special note on transistor Q3: The \II R7 2N4401 specified in the Parts List can I + 1 LED1© R5 Gli C13' switch up to 600 mA of current for C3 (12; R11-- -RSiQ i4 B1; powering the LM386 amplifier. Other = common NPN transistors such as the --tY2 - 2N3904 are rated at 200 mA and can- Fig. 3. This parts -placement guide should make assembly on a PC board easier. not be used in this circuit or IC3 will oscillate and give a distorted output. whenever 101 is in the "listening" etch your own board, use the foil pat- Now solder sockets, for ICI-IC3 to mode. This LED will turn off during the tern shown in Fig. 2. Or, you can buy a the board. If you use the switch spec- record/playback cycle or upon pre -etched and drilled board from ified in the parts list for S1, it can be power -down. the source mentioned in the Parts List. soldered directly on the printed -cir- Locate all the components shown cuit board as shown in Fig. 3. The elec- Construction. The easiest way to in the Parts List. If you're using a PC trect microphone is polarized and will build the Electronic Parrot is to use a board, refer to the parts -placement not work if installed backwards. Use printed -circuit board, as was done in diagram shown in Fig. 3 to make as- very short wires to attach it as close to the author's prototype. If you'd like to sembly easier. Begin by soldering two the PC board as possible. Before continuing, clean the foil side of the PC board with alcohol or PARTS LIST FOR THE ELECTRONIC PARROT flux remover. Then wire the speaker SEMICONDUCTORS electrolytic and battery connector to the board voice -recording/ as follows: Cut 2 pieces of 26 -gauge IC1-HT8656A ADDITIONAL PARTS AND playback integrated wire about 4 -inches long and strip 1/4 controller,' MATERIALS circuit MICI-Electret microphone (Digi- incn from each end. Solder a wire to 256K x I dynamic IC2-81256 Key #P9949 -ND or equivalent) each terminal of the speaker and RAM, integrated circuit SPKR1-8-ohm speaker then to the printed -circuit board. Next, IC3-LM386N audio amplifier, Sl-Pushbutton switch (Digi-Key attach the red and black wires from integrated circuit #SW403-ND or equivalent) the battery connector to the PC Ql-2N4403 PNP transistor Hl, H2 -2 -pin header with'shorting board, observing the polarity shown Q2, Q3 -2N4401 NPN transistor block in D1 -volt Zener diode Fig. 3. -3.6 B1 -volt alkaline battery Zener diode -9 Now, locate the HT8656A inte- D2-5.6 -volt Printed -circuit materials, IC sockets, diode, any grated circuit (101). In addition to the LED1-Light-emitting battery connector, 22-gauge source mentioned in the Parts list, the color twisted -pair wire, hook-up wire, HT8656A IC is also available from All- RESISTORS solder, hardware, etc. tronics (2300 Zanker Rd, San Jose, CA EAll resistors are Vs -watt, 5% units.) Note: The following are available 95131); please contact them for more R1 -10 -ohm from LNS Technologies (20993 information. Since 101 is a CMOS de- R2, R3-l00-ohm Foothill Blvd, Suite 307R, ohm vice, it can be easily damaged by R4-470 Hayward, CA 94541-1511; Tel. R6-1000 -ohm 800-886-7150): complete kit of static electricity. Take proper anti -stat- -R71 -1500 -ohm parts for the Electronic Parrot ic precautions when handling the R8 -4700 -ohm (PARROT-KIT) including etched chip. Refer again to Fig. 3 before in- R9 -12,000 -ohm and drilled printed -circuit board, stalling 1C1 to make sure of the proper R10-30,000 -ohm speaker, battery holder, and all orientation of Pin 1, then press the IC R11 -43,000 -ohm other components listed above- firmly into the 28 -pin socket. Repeat R12-150,000 -ohm $29.00; Parrot talking -back IC the procedure with IC2 and IC3. CAPACITORS (ICHT8656A)-$10.00; PC board C1-470-pF, ceramic -disc (PARROT-PCB)-$10.00. Please Operation. If you are using the 81256 C2-0.047-µF, ceramic -disc add $5.00 shipping and handling. memory IC (256K) for IC2, install a C3-C9-0.1=µF, monolythic California residents please also add shorting jumper block on header H1. C10-10-µF, 16-WVDC, electrolytic local sales tax. MasterCard/VISA if you used a 4164 memory C11-22-µF, 16-WVDC, electrolytic orders are accepted. No C.O.D. Otherwise C12-CI5-100-1F, 16-WVDC, orders. IC (64K) for IC2, then leave H1 open. (Continued on page 51) 47

AmericanRadioHistory.Com Cars that can Call for HELP

Here's a look at how automotive rv. o+ electronics are helping save lives r and thwart theft. BY BILL SIURU car

Cellular phones are no longer RESCU. Most 911 dispatchers agree dialing the Westinghouse Emergency just for the rich and famous. that many times drivers reporting Response Center in Irving, Texas. West- They can provide motorists emergencies via cellular phones inghouse Security Systems currently peace of mind with instantaneous cannot provide their location. This is handles an average of 25,000 resi- communications in case of an acci- not surprising since calls are often dential and business alarms daily with dent, breakdown, or medical emer- made under the stress of an accident, response verification within an aver- gency. Most cellular phone compa- breakdown, or other emergency. In- age of 20 seconds. nies have special "for emergency deed, the Federal Communications When the tow -truck button is acti- only" services typically costing $15 to Commission (FCC) notes that the abil- vated, the operator at the center ar- $25 monthly. Today, approximately ity of emergency service personnel to ranges for appropriate roadside 10% of the estimated 260,000 daily respond is seriously hindered be- assistance. If the ambulance button is calls to 911 in the U.S. originate from cause cellular -phone callers to 911 do pressed, the operator will contact the cellular phones. The number is ex- not always know their location. local 911 service to arrange police or pected to grow dramatically, as tens Ford's Remote Emergency Satellite medical assistance. of thousands of new cellular phones Cellular Unit (RESCU) offered on the RESCU does a whole lot more than are in installed the U.S. daily, 1996 Lincoln Continentals solves this dialing the phone, which is something phones Car and radio -frequency problem by tracking vehicle location you could probably do yourself. This is communications are the starting and putting a driver a mere touch of a the reason for the GPS receiver in the point for systems that can not only button away from roadside, medical, trunk. Using GPS's 24 geosynchronous send out an "SOS," but which can also police, or fire -emergency assistance. orbit satellites in space, the vehicle's pinpoint the vehicle's precise location RESCU is part of the optional Personal location can be pinpointed to within so help can be dispatched rapidly. Security Package that also includes a about 100 feet. Via the carbon-fiber Stolen cars can now be tracked so voice -activated cellular telephone antenna on the trunk lid (to avoid me- they can be recovered sometimes in and Ford's JBL audio system. tallic interference with the signal), the a matter of minutes. Besides reaching RESCU uses a pair of buttons system transmits data to the message the it car before becomes a victim of mounted in the Continental's over- center. This includes (1) type of alarm a chop shop, police can often catch head console, a Global Positioning (emergency or roadside assistance), the car thief in possession of the vehi- System (GPS) receiver in the trunk, and (2) vehicle identification number cle. Chop shops are common threats a cellular telephone. One button is (VIN), (3) latitude and longitude from because most "professionally" stolen marked by a tow -truck symbol and GPS, (4) the last recorded speed and vehicles are taken for parts; individual the other has an ambulance icon. In direction of the vehicle, (5) a time -tag parts are worth about three times a either case, pressing the button results identifying when the last position was 48 car's value if it is sold intact. in the cellular phone automatically taken and (6) a call-back number.

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rau.,=7 !1 - .1 o...... The motorist pushes the Lincoln RESCU bettor[inside the car to initiate a cellular call. Vehicle location and owner data am- relayed to the Lincoln Security Center as part-of the call. _

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`The Global Positioning Satellite System =continuously updates the vehicle's location. -This information is retained by the Lincoln Via cellular phone system, Lincoln Security talks to the motorist, confirming location - RESCU system in the 1996 Continental. and determining what assistance is needed. The security agent then brings the appropriate public emergency response agency or roadside dispisch service in on the call.

This drawing shows the three basic steps that Ford's RESCU system uses to get help to motorists.

The system can maintain voice competitive system to RESCU. This trac< and recover a stolen vehicle. contact with the motorist until emer- emergency response system does not Flashing lights on the display and an gency help arrives. It can notify pre - require buying a new Lincoln Conti- automated voice indicate that the designated family members or friends nental or even signing up for cellular - message has been dispatched and in case of an emergency. Alter- phone service. Instead, the system will help is on the way. If a tow truck is natively, an estimated time of arrival be sold as an aftermarket item like a requested, the panel displays the esti- of roadside assistance is provided premium stereo system for installation mated time to its arrival. A cancel but- and a call back later checks up to find in virtually any vehicle. ton will reduce false alarms. out if the problem has been resolved. Rather than relying on cellular According to ADT Security Systems, If there is no response from the vehicle phone communications, the ADT/ their system can provide more relia- telephone (just a press of the button) Rockwell system uses "packet data" ble service compared to a cellular the Westinghouse dispatcher will dial communications technology. When phone -based system. Besides instant the 911 number in the locality nearest any one of the three buttons on the communications, it is not prone to sig- the vehicle location. Local authorities device-which, for example, is nal dropoff, interference, lack of knowing vehicle location and situa- mounted on the sun visor-are coverage, or busy signals-the last tion could then send help imme- pressed, a distress signal is sent at the thing you need during an emergency. diately. speed of light to an ADT Customer ADT Security Systems is the largest Lincoln Continental owners with RE- Monitoring Center (CMC). The data provider of security services in the U.S. SCIJ can register passwords with the packet includes the vehicle's GPS co- offering continuous monitoring of se- Westinghouse Emergency Response ordinates, the nature of the emergen- curity systems to over 1 -million cus- Center when the car is purchased. cy, ana a description of the vehicle. tomers in North America and Europe, Wiih the password, the center can There are three icons on the buttons including 700,000 homeowners. As of identify whether the call is made in to denote the type of assistance re- August 1995, ADT coverage exists for error by the owner or the caller is a quested-a police badge, a white more than 7000 cities and towns in potential carjacker, indicated by an cross, and a tow truck. the US and more are scheduled to incorrect password. In the latter case, There is also an optional pocket - come online over the next 18 months. police are sent to the car's location. sized key -ring activator to activate the Initially, the Mobile Security Network system up to 100 feet away from their will be marketed to ADT's commercial Mobile Security Network. ADT Se- vehicle. Since a moving vehicle's lo- customers and then will appear on curity Systems and Rockwell Auto- cation is transmitted every 20 sec- the consumer electronics after - motive Electronics are developing a onds, police can use the system to market. 49

AmericanRadioHistory.Com LoJack. While there are several How LoJack works is demonstrated stolen, the owner reports the theft to stolen systems avail- -vehicle tracking by the system in operation in Southern any law -enforcement agency in Los able in many metropolitan areas California. In Los Angeles County, a Angeles, Orange, or San Diego coun- where car thievery is most prevalent, vehicle is stolen every 3.8 minutes. ties, Immediately, a code and VIN is the most popular by far is LoJack. When a LoJack-equipped car is entered into the California Depart- ment Of Justice Stolen Vehicle Recov- ery Network computer. In PHONEPRINT: THWARTING CELLULAR PHONE'FRAUD seconds, the computer determines if the car is - The `widespread use of cellular completely transparent to the cellular equipped with LoJack. If the answer is .phones has resulted in a new crime phóne user-no modifications to the yes, ten high-powered wave: cellular-phone activation fraud, According phone, additional numbers to punch in, transmitters located throughout to the Cellular Telecommunications In- PINs to remember, and, best of all, no dustry Association (CTIA), well Over a waiting. Southern California broadcast a thousand illegal cellular phone num- PhonePrint was put into operation unique coded radio signal. This signal bers are activated daily. with AirTouch Communications, Inc. for automatically activates the LoJack pne of .the most prevalent forms of their huge cellular market in Los An- transponder hidden in the vehicle so cellular-phone fraud involves "cloning.": geles nearly 1995, and is now being it starts transmitting a silent homing Here the thief illegally duplicates the field:tested by NYNEX Mobile Commu- Electronic Serial Number (ESN) and nications and AT&T in New York City. signal. Police cars and helicopters Mobile Identification Number (MIN) be-= These two cities are considered by the equipped with LoJack-tracking com- longing to a legitimate owner and uses it industry to have the most pervasivé,cel- puters (this includes nearly 500 L.A. on one or more other phones, which are lular-fraud problem. far, 15 -million il- County squad cars) receive the signal often also stolen. At the end' of the bill- legal celtularcalls were termininated in that is to ing period, the legitimate owner gets the Los Angeles area alone. used track the vehicle until it is the bill, usually a huge one, PhonePrint_ can save the cellular- located and recovered. Cellular phones have a subtle, but phone industry millions annually by re- Since its introduction in the early unique radio -frequency signature or, ducing the labor-intensive task of inves- 1990s, LoJack has turned in an amaz- "fingerprint" that can be used to dis- tigating fraud and reconciling custom- ing 94% recovery rate in Southern criminate between legitimate and il- er's bills. Customers will be happier legal phones. PhonePrint, now being becaüsé they won't be billed for California. Most recoveries happen marketed by Corsair Communications, fraudlent calls and don't have to go within two to three hours, the record measures the unique physical charac- through the often -frustrating hassle of being a mere three minutes. In addi- teristics of each phone's radio signal as getting them resolved. By eliminating tion, the Southern California LoJack it enters the cellular system. Each call is illegal calls, cellular phone companies system has compared against the RF signature of will gain more capacity for legitimate uncovered 45 auto theft the legitimate -user's phone stored in the traffic. Finally, PhonePrint will make it rings and chop shops. system's data library. Fraudulent cel- more difficult for criminals to conduct a The Lojack system is installed in a lular calls are -detected instanteously variety of "businesses" using cloned vehicle for a one time cost of around and immediately terminated. This nor- cellular phones, including credit-card mally all in $600 and there are no further monthly happens the time it takes to . fraud, stolen or 'counterfeit money or- fees. The ,process the call setup. The check is ders and airline tickets, and drug and LoJack transmitter is about

weapons trafficking. ' . the size of a chalkboard eraser so it

.. oETeat can be hidden in about 30 f{NaLNNINT - <01,1A11£ 02C1DE different LEGIT-MATO places in the vehicle. It has a backup CDaTDMEN h --V-4~14, battery so it works even if the main battery is disconnected. Upgrades to the system include a starter disabler CLONE and a conventional alarm system. Lo - Jack is operating in over a half -dozen other states. C O L L t C T Q,o L L! QI H.'. D 2 8 P L A i 01144 I 113. CALUO DSlf 01! lCCi1 .11) 17t15)N_ 355-0011 (111) 555-1021 0.0 1 aTUR ` SatSting. S2RK Advanced Tech-

SSS-0011 (111} SSS -1131 0.0 1 ° allr nologies in Canada is offering its Sat - ).555-0011 SS5-11110 0.0 1 COMO 1111 SSS-O ' lf": 1 3.2 13 man Sting Satellite -Based Vehicle Tracking System. Based on su -0631' L court technology developed for police applications in Eu- rope, stolen LATtiT,1555-1111 14 3 air vehicles are tracked via an integrated GPS module in the vehicle. The SatSting unit has a built-in cel- 010/ft' lular-based communications module 'M 555-0611 (1111 513-116$ 0.0 30 allí -Fi s1C íi1) 535-5576 (111) 555-6755, E.1 1 allí that calls and alerts monitoring sta- dá"54 E}31) 355-5570 (U1) 555-1751 0.7 1 alit tions if the car is The 355-5571 (131) 5514735 1.1 3 allí stolen. system can aéttiiIYblT,T ~1.1.16L4riWi43ij.LÜFS.T1.. '1 CT , also be adapted to communicate via VHF PhonePrint compares the r'adio frequehcyisignal of each cellular call to discriminate or UHF radio frequencies. The unit between legitimate phones and clones (see top). This sample "Collect Analysis is small enough so its installation can Display" (see bottom) shows legitimate' calls "granted" and calls on clones that were be completely concealed from a "terminated.'" thief. 50 The SatSting computer can pin-

AmericanRadioHistory.Com ing situation, the driver simply leaves H' ur fingertips the POSSE -equipped car without any service A motorist in Maass ADT Security Systems Emergency are given resistance. Using the nearest touch- activates the network by monitoring I otesslonals providers 1] Pesltiorr ti 2 the nature of the ZIPS) pushhrg one of three Imam receive a Srstom address and emergency and are tone phone, including coin -operated originally easy -to -understand buttons. dispatchable saelt'aep. description/license dispatched b a developed by The network transmits GPS vehicle number. ADT databases precise location or places Rockwell for the U.S. coordinates, vehicle plate and cellular ones, the motorist identification and nature of identity the appropriate address.ta I, W.panment of the emergency to an ADT emergency service provider a toll -free 800 call to the POSSE Com- Defense, continually notifies medical. the vehicle's, Customer Monitoring and the CAM, monitor of roadside location. Center (CMC). police or munications Center to report the assistance providers. theft. In seconds, the Communica- tions Center sends out a signal to activate the POSSE. Once POSSE receives the signal, the car's horn and head- lights began to sound and flash. Once the thief has stopped the car and turned off the engine, the car cannot l be started again. The POSSE system offers more than just theft protection. If the driver locks the car with the keys inside,. a call to the POSSE Communications Center will remotely unlock the car provided Source: ADT Security Systems, Rodwretl Autonobive the car is equipped with power -door locks. Or when you return from a long Unlike RESCU, the ADT Security Systems/Rockwell Automotive Mobile Security flight a winter night you can Network can be added to any car. This illustration shows how it works. on cold call to have the engine turned on. The car be toasty warm by the time point the location of the stolen vehi- flans, and even ground speed of the will lot. In the cle and call up all pertinent vehicle. Positional data, accurate to you reach it in the parking summer, you can have a cool car pro- information (year, make, model, color, 10 to 20 meters (33 to 66 feet), is trans- vided you remembered to leave the etc.). This information is then transmit- mitted every 10 seconds. A con- air-conditioning controls on. ted to a local police department. The cealed panic button can be trig- computer can also fax a copy of a gered in the case of a carjacking or street map showing exactly where the after an accident. If is moving, In Canada, the system is monitored vehicle is located. the car ELECTRONIC PARROT will keep police by Chubb Security Systems, the coun- themonitoring station (Continued from page 47) advised of location changes, direc- try's largest network of Central Station alarm monitoring centers. Combining the capabilities of Chubb Security Sys- Install a 9 -volt battery and press S1 to tems, S2RK's Base Station and proprie- start the Electronic Parrot. The LED FOR MORE INFORMATION tary software, and the MAPINFO should come on, indicating that the databcse, the system provides a HT8656A is in the listening mode. Now ADT Security Systems graphical display of all Canadian speak a short phrase into the micro- 300 Interpace Parkway and major U.S, cities down to street - phone. The LED will turn off as the Par- Parsippany, NJ 07054-1177 level detail. Vehicles are tracked on rot records your voice, and LED1 will Audiovox Corporation digitized street maps that are auto- remain off as the circuit automatically 150 Marcus Blvd. matically selected while simulta- repeats back what you just said. After Hauppauge, NY 11788 neously tracking multiple vehicles a brief pause, LED1 will come back on Lincoln-Mercury Division across diverse geographic regions. showing that your Parrot is ready to Communications S2RK is currently negotiating with perform again! Renaissance Center 301 MetroCell Security If no sound is detected offer 2 min- Room 2730 Tommy Lasorda's utes, or when the play/record cycle Box 43342 to offer a similar capability in the U.S. Detroit, MI 48243 Besides recovering stolen vehicles, has occurred 64 times, the HT8656A for securi- automatically powers-off to preserve LoJack Corporation S2RK is also offering SatSting Another press S1 restarts 9911 West Pico Blvd. ty for truck fleets, especially those car- the battery. of Suite 1000 rying very valuable or hazardous the circuit. The microphone gain is Los Angeles, CA 90035 materials, heavy equipment rental sensitive enough to pick up voices S2RK Advanced Technologies fleets, taxi companies, military-arms from several feet away, while still igno- 1 Holiday Drive shipments, and so forth. ring most background noises. Experi- Suite 530 ment with the best location for your Pointe Claire, Quebec The Audiovox new electronic pet. CANADA H9R 5N3 Audiovox POSSE. Corporation's POSSE is another ap- Your friends will probably be Rockwell Automotive proach to keep stolen cars from be- amazed and delighted by your Parrot. 2135 W. Maple Road But the best part is that you won't have Troy, MI 48084-7186 coming victims of chop shops or just joy riders. For example, in a car -jack- to feed it or clean out the cage! 51

AmericanRadioHistory.Com Line voltage is serious business, and it should always be handled with respect. There's enor- mous potential energy lurking at Build an each and every AC outlet in your home, ready to power an appliance or possibly cause a lethal shock. But lifeforms are not alone when it comes to possible AC dangers. If the voltage coming out of an outlet is not of the proper level, possible hazards exist to Maine wlAsq equipment. At the very least, im- f ,, proper AC line voltages can damage 132 _ one of your precious appliances. 128 Because the AC in voltage level 123 your home is so important, it's good to 118 know what that level is. Especially if you have computer equipment plugged in or have been encounter- e111 105 ing strange problems with certain ap- '4" pliances. And because leaving a 100 voltmeter plugged into an is outlet F. hazardous, wastes batteries, and ties up your voltmeter, it's good to have some kind of inexpensive line - powered device dedicated to monitoring line voltage. AC In about an hour or so, you can build the AC Line -Voltage Monitor described in this article. Best of all, the low time investment involved in the Liñe-oltage project is matched by an equally low economic investment. You can buy the Monitor as a kit (from the source mentioned in the Parts List) for only Monitor $10.95! Of course, you can also build the circuit from scratch. The Monitor works with a makeshift Keep tabs on the, level of the AC line voltage in your bargraph, composed of seven LEDs, home or that displays the AC line voltage in office with this inexpensive circuit,, seven steps from 100 to 132 volts, in approximately 6 -volt steps. The AC voltage in your home or office should BY MARC SPIWAK always be, and usually is, within those limits. But should you see that none of ages from the circuit, but it also pro- regulated operating power from a the LEDs are lit, or if all of them are vides a ready-made DC operating clamped portion of the DC supply pro- brightly lit, then you know there's a voltage for the Monitor's circuitry. The vided by a 5.1 -volt Zener diode, D3. The problem. The is circuit also a good transformer simply supplies about one op -amps drive an LED bargraph con- indicator of how stable the AC volt- tenth of the line voltage, rectified, to sisting of LED1 through LED7. .13 age in your home is. the unit. Larger voltage changes in The op -amps receive an adjustable 2 By now, the presence of the letters the AC line cause smaller, but propor- reference voltage from the center AC á in this article might have startled a tional changes to the DC output of contact of potentiometer R16 and an w few cautious hobbyists. Not to worry, the transformer; the Monitor can de- input voltage from the voltage divider LI though, it's very safe to work on this tect these smaller changes. consisting of resistors R1, R2, R4, R6, R8, 8- circuit d because there are no harmful R10, R12, and R18. Those resistor values voltages present on the board. But Circuit Description. Figure 1 shows were chosen so that the op -amp out- rn how can you monitor AC voltage with- the schematic of the AC Line -Voltage puts sequentially turn on and light the .= out ever touching it? Simple: use a Monitor circuit. As mentioned before, LEDs as the AC line voltage, or one m transformer. The Monitor uses a 120- the circuit receives 12 -volt DC power tenth of it, varies from 100 to 132 volts. volt AC to 12 -volt DC line -voltage from a wall transformer. The circuit is Potentiometer R16 sets the midpoint adapter to supply the voltage input. centered around two quad LM324 of the LED bargraph-usually 118 52 That not only eliminates harmful volt- op -amp ICs (IC1 and IC2) that receive volts-which can be shifted if you like.

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AmericanRadioHistory.Com LED1 O LED2 LED3 O LED4 O LEDS ° LE D6 O LED7O R3 R5 R7 j R9 R11 R13 R14{ 33052 3300 3300 7 33052 3300 3300 i 3300 S

ICI -b ICI -c IC2-d IC2-b IC2-c 1/4 LM324 1/4 LM324 1/4 LM324 1/4 LM324 1/4 LM324 10' 7 8 14 7 8 6 13 ICI -a IC2-a 1/4 LM324 11 1/4 LM324 1912 R17 11 1K 4.3K WV 1N` 4A4.- -MM- R2 R4 R6 R8 R10 R1 1K 1K 1K 1K 1K 8.2K 02 D1 R18 D3 1N4148 1N4148 1K 1N4733 141 1M R16 1K

TO 12VDC = R15 WALL TRANSFORMER 6800

Fig. 1. Here is the schematic for the AC Line -Voltage Monitor circuit. A wall transformer steps down the line voltage and converts it to 12 -volts DC to supply the circuit with both power and a small-scale indicator of how the voltage fluctuates.

PARTS LIST FOR THE Construction. The circuit is very sim- row of LEDs. Mark the right edge of AC LINE -VOLTAGE MONITOR ple, so point-to-point wiring can be those Iwo mounting holes on the used if you like. However, the use of a cardboard with the awl. SEMICONDUCTORS PC board makes construction easier Now, or later, you can tape this ICI; IC2=LM324 quad,op-amp, and makes mounting the finished cir- cardboard to the cover of the mount- integrated circuit cuit in a case easier as well. You can ing case and drill the holes in the Dl, D2-IN4148 silicon diode make your own PC board using the marked locations. Select drill bits D3 -1N4733 5.1 -volt Zener diode'(or equivalent) foil pattern in Fig. 2 if you like, or you based on the size of the LEDs and LEDI-LED7-Light-emitting diode, can simply buy the kit and use the mounting hardware you use. If you are any color (see text) board that comes with it. using the drill guide in Fig. 3, or if you You're probably going to want to are done with the above procedure, RESISTORS - mount the PC board in a small case, then you can proceed with assem- (All fixed resistors are 1/4 -watt, 5% so a few minutes work on the case units.) R1 before you start working on the PC -8200 -ohm R2, R4, R6, R8, RIO, R12, board can save hours of work mea- R18- 1000 -ohm , suring things later on. Any small case R3, R5, R7, R9, RH, R13, R14- will do, as the PC board is very small. 330 -ohm You don't have to do this if you use the R15 -680 -ohm drill guide in Fig. 3 (or a copy of it), but R16 -1000 -ohm, trimmer if you don't want to ruin your maga- potentiometer zine and don't have a photocopy R17 -4300 -ohm machine, then you should do the fol- ADDITIONAL PARTS AND lowing: MATERIALS '- First place the PC board, copper Printed -circuit materials, enclosure, side down, on a piece of thin card- 120-volt AC to 12 -volt DC plug-in board-I used the blank side of a voltage adapter, half -inch spacers business card. Align the LED side of the (2), wire, solder, mounting hardware text), PC board and one end of it to edges (see etc. of the business card to make position- Note: The following is available from ing easier later on. Transfer the cath- Marlin P. Jones & Associates, Inc. ode mounting holes of the LEDs on the (P.O. Box 12685, Lake Park, FL PC board onto the cardboard with a 33403-0685; Tel. 800-652-6733): AC Line -Voltage Monitor Kit pin or awl. There are four mounting 1-1/4 INCHES - (#6797-RB) including everything holes for screws on the PC board in- except a case-$10.95, plus $4.50 cluded with the kit. We'll use only the Fig. 2. This full-size foil pattern can be shipping and handling. - 56 two holes that are farthest from the used to make your own PC board.

AmericanRadioHistory.Com MOUNTING s /5/ HOLES LED1LED2LED 3 LED4eLED5eLEW6I9LED7 R9-OR1t1 R13 !O O r- R5 R ff I 'L -R1- R6- l0 e D2 IR14

I R3 R15 24 132 , t --_ R10 R12 128 0 -R18 Et+

123 'SEE TEXT TO 12VDC WALL TRANSFORMER LEDs 118 Fig. 4. Use this parts -placement diagram when assembling the circuit on a PC board. depending on space provided. 111 Some of the resistors have to be mounted vertically

solder one leg of each LED, then re- the polarity indicated in Fig. 4-re- 105 heat each one individually for any member that this is a DC input, not AC. necessary repositioning. Finally, solder At this point you can plug the thing 100 the second leg of each LED and then in and see if it lights up at all-most go back and firm up the first ones likely it will. Check your soldering and after the second ones cool. Check parts placement if it doesn't, because 3. This drill guide matches the Fig. the finished board for proper solder- that's usually the culprit. The holes you positions of the LEDs and the hardware ing and component orientation. drilled in the case cover should match mounding holes on the PC board. the holes in the case the positions of the LEDs and mount- Preparing the cover for the Monitor's After you drill ing holes on the PC board. With half - enclosure should now be simple. cover as described before, drill a hole in the side of the case for the power inch spacers and appropriate screws cord from the AC -to -DC wall adapter. holding the board against the case blind the PC board. Drilling the hole in the side of the case cover, the LEDs should fit like a glove. it look Figure 4 is a parts -placement di- allows the finished unit to stand on Close up the case and should agram for the circuit. Some of the re- end or flat depending on the setting. like a store-bought product! sistois have to be mounted vertically Pull the end of the cord through the Labeling a case can be a pain in depending on space provided. hole to the inside of the case and tie a the neck. But I found the easiest way in Mount the parts basically in size order knot in it about four inches away from the world to make the labels for this starting with the resistors. Don't forget the end. Now solder the wires to the project. Because of how the LEDs are to install a jumper in the location PC board paying careful attention to arranged, I was simply able to print a marked "J." The kit includes IC sockets, column of double-spaced, 11 -point which are always a good idea to use bold Arial text from a word processor. but aren't necessary if you don't have With a piece of double -sided tape, them. that instant label went on the case like You can do the same, or The kit includes two red LEDs, two a charm. ideas. orange, and three green. The red experiment with your own label LEDs are intended for the high and Ifs to calibrate the low ends, the green for the three mid- Calibration. easy monitor. All you have to range, and the orange for in between line -voltage is set potentiometer R16 so that the each. You can of course use any color do center LED (LED4) turns on with an AC scheme you like. The LEDs have to be mounted evenly, and at a certain supply of 118 volts. if have varia- height off the board, depending on However, you don't a including the length of the spacers you use to ble AC source (most people r myself don't!), then simply-and care- mount the board to the case cover - r. 4r 4:, fully-measure the voltage at the out- later on. With half -inch spacers, the 4rrt All . 11 let that your Monitor is plugged into base of the LEDs has to be about 3/a - with an AC voltmeter. Then adjust R16 inch above the board. I used a 3/8 -inch the LED closest to that voltage wide strip of cardboard, folded over so that each LED and taped to the board, to maintain turns on. The brightness of indicates the relative voltage within the height of the LEDs. Alternatively each step. You now have a simple you can cut 3/8 -inch spacers for the way of knowing what the AC voltage LEDs from plastic tubing, coffee stirrers, The finished PC board makes a very at any outlet in your home is. 57 or whatever. It's a good idea to lightly compact assembly.

AmericanRadioHistory.Com ,

= -

111111111111

Learn how artificial intelligence is being brought to -rri'roscopic motors:

make -s of n s - _BY DOUGLAS PAGE Actuator Ce'ter, "4 lot of people are are not only mass producing clamping at the bit to access this their tiny creations, now they're The Micro Motors. What kind of technclogy," rraking them smart, The intelligence, machines are we discussing here? added to the rnicroma chines in the nfhey are microscopic motors fab- Applications. The technology was fo-m of integrated circuits, will allow ricated by being sunk in= etched first developed to enhance the safety the machines to signal for more trenches along with integrated -circuit and security o` nuclear weapon by power, communicate operating con- "brains" on individual- silicon chips maKlrg their lacking mechanisms ditions, and perform automated ac- "'more en how they're made later), The smarter and more reliable. Now It has tivities-continuing the microworid ?Machines turn two similarly sized, possible applications in several Indus- revolution that has been called the ;nears, _each ore -hundredth the try sectors, from airbag sensors to gy= guest scientific frontier of this cen- weight of a dust mite, at the rate of rescopes to medicine. tury. 200,000 revolutions per minute. Each The motors, which develop 0.5 mi- Usinc methods similar to those of gear is approximately ohe-hundredth crowdts of power delivered through the integrated -circuit fabrication In- the thickness of the paper this page is a gear that's 50 rricrons in diametei dustry, researchers at Sandia National printed on-much thinner_ than a could be used medically, where they Laboratory in Albuquerque, New human hair. are seen as serving as tiny drug-deliv-

Mexico, have succeeded in mass- "This tss definitely a substantial ad- -ery devices within the body. Imagine producing rnicrómachines that can vance they've came up with," said pumps that are no larger than the perform work, and think about what Roger Flowe, director of the University- perbc at the end of this sentence 58 they're doing--H'on one chip. of California, Berkeley's, Sensor and _floating around the bloodstream

AmericanRadioHistory.Com Device Area CMOS Device Area Microrhechanical

Metal -

Poly hilec*enmalpoly Stud

This Sandia trench at the fíir riáht, which is only microns

oeouchng.forinohánce for HIV -in- pn000hThehonÍmnadoNoondkoxide ded in chip trenche oixIm0imetero ` ^ - mu.fecto cells. The blades of mini gears recreates, a level chip surface upQn deep, producing a single -level struc,- coUld one day churn through arteries which circuitry is fabricated by the'` lure su8obleforoccé|emmetemond ohVpp|ngupploque ' usual method of photolithography. other sensors. Thvoe'|owe|stmntumm This new micr technology process Removal of the silicon dioxide at the ha been fabricated to a depth of also allows for the development of ' ^ and of the process liberates the mi- 18 nicrons. These dre capable of turn- o|oo' cromachines.ommochiney. ing external gearing and are corn- small, inexpensive, and durable 'p|st*(y hnn|ou.ouohoxgynmoopeo.Tha|cúter C|rcu|tn fabricated only microns Compatible with the new ' hoi,co military and civilian uoes#hcú tram o machine eliminate ghost dg- integrated technique, could havé a dramatic Impact on the nals-parasitic currents created by "The proces can produce a wice de3|gnof future ouhomobiles and mili- excess electrical capacitance }nIun' range cfm)ommoohip* systems be- tary systems. Eventually we may even gorcunnechngwimo."Wdhoutthioin- cause it allows independent op- employ armies of the tiny Itifle things terference, by applying a mechan- t|mbotionofmicromochineond to clean up polluted riverS or toxic , ioo| load_ you can measure the mkcmcimuitpedbnnonoex.^ooidK4o- dumps, capacitance' change In the drive - VVhorter,thenabyachieWAgtho^pord' ' "This will be a big enabler for a vari- gear teeth as they move in and out, doc|oo| but desirable result of larger, ety of new pructs to be produced explains Sandia enginéer Ernest Gar- more powerful micromachines with that are smog, smart, and cheap," cia. "Then you,know how fast the ma- smaller transistors" 9 said Paul McWhorter, project mon' chine|omoving.^ ihe Sandia engine and gearing ex- ocerinSond|oóM(ome|eofmnicoDe' Montague's method of assembling tendtend a micromotor construction tech- velop,nant Laboratory. "We've cre- a machine and oincuíton a single nicue first developed at UÇ Berkeley. ated o generic manufacturing pm- chip allowed the researchers to over- The bdsic batch process, which, when come a basic problem. The difficulty pfected, should allow production of with joining a microcircuit to a micro - thousands of fully assembled, opera- Manufacturing. Sandia mdnufao machine has been that the aluminum' 8ono)miommochines,boginoononi|'sil- turem the mcchines using break- circuit connectors, if formed first, melt icon substrate. Scientists deposit a th!ough technology that etches when the micromachines are heats layer of, electrically Insulating materi- nmnuxou|etrenches in silicon chips, treated. If the gears are not heat - al, followed by a film of polycrystalli ie then fabricates the machine wIthin treated to approximately 900"Cenz, sÜcon`for use do electrically con- these depressbns, like hot tubs sunk in tigrade, researchers say they curl like ducting lead-ins._ On top of these a backyard decking. The heat -treated potato chips. If the m|cromoch>nel temporary vener of silicon dioxide Is machines are then submerged and were fabricated first, their elevation put down, so called pecause its pur-

above the chip surface would create . pose is to serve merely as mouppÜrt pxeoenaxd.|iko/nxeots/nomber,/no , slight drop of hardening silicon diox- bumps that distort -the delicate pro- while the rest of the structure is built. ide. cess of etching accurate microcir- When the silicon dioxide is removed :If you first sink the'machine In a cuits. At this scale fivA microns, is a ' by several etching processes, open- trench and then fill In around it, in mountain. ings through the oxide allow the next efed you've created o pristine wafer Sandia's m|unomoonines are ap- layer of polysilicon to anchor to the for doing electronic pFocessing," said proximately one -millimeter square. insulating _layer the bohoh* The Sieve Montague, inventor of the op' The machines currently are nmbed' PontinuedbnpoA*p2/

AmericanRadioHistory.Com ~ '- PAGER DECODER (Continued from page 44) POCSAG MESSAGES.

for obvious ground planes. If the de- POCSAG transmissions are always codewords for a message are transmit- modulator is an MC3361, then pin 15 preceded by a''preamble" consisting of ted immediately after the address co- of that chip is ground. a series of alternating 1 and 0 bits, at deword, without regard for frame least Be careful when working on your 576 bits in length, at the same ' number. The message ends when an- baud rate as the upcoming data. This is other address -codeword or idle co- scanner! Its internal circuitry is proba- done to accommodate battery=saving deword is -transmitted. Bits2 through 21 bly densely packed surface -mount functions in pagers. -of a data codeword contain the actual components. Use a small, low-power The remainder of a transmission con- message data. Bits 22 through 31 con- soldering iron, a steady hand, and a sists of one or more "batches." A batch tain the error-correcting redundancy consists .of exactly 17 codewords of 32 bits BCH(31,21) magnifier if necessary. It is easy to corresponding to'a bits each. Each codeword is transmit- code. Bit 32 contains a simple parity bit really mess things up if you are not ted in high -order-bit -first sequence. that causes the entire codeword to have careful. When closing up the case, be The first codeword in every batch is a even parity. sure not to crush any wires you added. synchronization word. Although 8 -sync codes have been defined, the only one currently in use is (in hex): 7CD215D8. Using a Uniden SC -150 Scanner. The other 16 codewords in a batch Although not the best choice for a are defined as 8 consecutive frames of Table 1 high-tech feature -rich scanner, the 2 codewords each: The frames are Uniden SC -150 is a good choice for numbered 0 through 7, in the order Code Character transmitted. dedicated pager -data monitoring 0000 0 Each data codeword in a frame may 0001 "1" because of its price (approximately be one of three types: an áddress co- 0010 $160) its and coverage of the 929-932 deword, a data codeword, or an idle 0011 MHz paging bands. To use this scan- codeword: An idle codeword-is (in hex): 0100 ner with the Decoder you have two 7A89C197. Address and- data co- 0101 dewords are distinguishable by their options, which we mentioned earlier: 0110 high -order bit, which is 0 for an address 0111 filtered (speaker) and unfiltered out- codeword and 1 for a data codeword. 1000 put. Idle codewords are used as space fill- 1001 ers in frames corresponding The SC-150 presents filtered audio to pager- 1010 " " (space) address.groups in from a 3.5 -mm monaural phono which there are no 1011 "U" jack messages to be sent. at the top of the unit next to the anten- 1100 ""(space) For the remainder of.this discussion, 1101 na connector. To connect this to the we will number the bits in a codeword 1110 from 1 to 32, where bit 1 is the high -order 1111 bit and bit 32 Is the low-order bit. This is non-standard to most software.proc grammers, but it is the convention used in the official POCSAG document from Message data may be defined as el: British Telecom. ther 4 bits per character or 7 bits per Bits 2 through 19 of an -address co- character. Originally, the function bits in deword contain the high -order 18 bits of the address codeword were to be used the 21 -bit address of a pager that is to to distinguish these message formats, be triggered. The low -order 3 bits of the but there is now no universal standard. pager's 21 -bit address are implicitly de- Usually, the pager itself receives only fined by the frame number (from 0 to 7) one. of these forrnats and the paging in which the address codeword ap- terminal must be configured appropri- pears. .# Bits 20 and 21 of an address ately. Reliably selecting the correct for- codeword are defined as the "function mat for decoding- requires prior code." The pager may ignore these knowledge of the pager type. Generally,. bits, it or may use them to determine numeric -only pagers use the 4 -bits -per- 'whether to decode the message that character format, while alphanumeric follows as 4 -bit or 7 -bit data, and/or it pagers use 7 bits per character (even may use them to select one of several for numeric messages). Message different alert sounds. Bits 22 through characters are:'packed" into the 20 bits 31 contain the error-correcting redun- available in each codeword, with the dancy bits corresponding to a result that there are 5 characters per BCH(31,21) code'(more on that later). .codeword in 4 -bit format, and two and Bit 32 contains a simple parity bit that six -sevenths characters per codeword causes the entire codeword to have when using 7 -bit format. Characters are even parity. transmitted in the order that they are to The address of a pager, also known be displayed, but within each character as its "capcode," is usually specified as the bits are transmitted in reverse order a 7 -digit decimal number ranging from relative to the convention used in the 0000000 to 2097151. Each time an ad- address codeword. The low -order bit of dress codeword istransmitted, it is (op- each character is transmitted first. ..FBI tionally) followed by one or more data The characters of the 4 -bit format are: Fig. 6. This close-up shot shows you where codewords containing the message to shown in Table 1. The characters of the to make the ground connection for be displayed on the pager. All the data 7 -bit format are'standard ASCII. 60 demodulator output on a Uniden SC -150.

AmericanRadioHistory.Com When the last codeword of a mes- 11101101001. The .10 redundancy bits rect erroneous bits. Several different sage is partially filled, the unused are created by performing a "poly- methods can be,used'to do this; all are A good portion is filled with "space" codes nomiál division" operation between the too involved to explain here. Error-Cor- (1100b) in the case of 4 -bit data, or zero zero-padded original data and the.gen- reference work is the book Edition by W bits in the case of 7 -bit data. erator. rectng Codes, Second The BCH(31,21) error -correcting The example of redundancy-bit cal- Wesley Peterson and rE. J. Weldon, Jr., by the Massachusetts In- code allows up to 2 erroneous bits per culation shown in Listing 1 is extracted published codeword to be corrected by the receiv- from the British Telecom document. It is stitule of Technology Press, Cambridge, 0 16 039 0) ing device. Bits 22 through 31 of each set up to resemble the paper-and -pen- Massachusetts (ISBN 262 POCSAG codeword contain 10 redun- cil "long division" procedure. Note that (Library of Congress 76-122262). dancy bits based on this code. Note all column operations are not subtrac- It is possible to receive and decode that this applies to ALL codewords,, in- tion, but are instead exclusive-or opera- POCSAG by simply ignoring the error cluding synchronization and idle co- tions. No carry bits propagate in either correction information and extracting the data portion of each codeword; dewords. , A POCSAG decoder is direction. recQption expected to run an error -correction al- The full POGSAG codeword would however, In the real world will fre- gorithm as the first step in processing consist of the 21 bits of data, followed by quality is'variable and errors be received data, even before syn- the 10 redundancy bits, followed by a quent. In particular, a single -bit errór In chronization codeword detection, since parity bit: Codeword = a synchrdnization or address co- synchronization words may themselves 11010001011000100100011000110110. deword can cause the entire message contain errors. A receiving device, of course, must to be lost. The error -correction al; The BCH code used here is based on run the complementary procedure, gortthrri is a necessity in practical de- ers, an .11 -bit "generator" of (binary) using the redundant information to cor- coc

LISTING 1

Starting conditions: Data pattern: 110100010110001001000 Generator: 11101101001

<- quotient is irrelevant 11101101001 11101000101100010010000000000000 <- pad data with 10 zeros 11101101001 . <- XOR with generator

11110001000 11101101001 <- XOR with generator 11100001010 11101101001 . <- XOR with generator 11000110100 11101101001 . <- XOR with generator 10101110100 11101101001 <- XOR with generator 10000111010 11101101001 . <- XOR with generator 11010100110 11101101001 <- XOR with generator 11100111100 11101101001 . <- XOR with generator

10101010000. 11101101001. <- XOR with generator

10001110010 11101101001 <- XOR with generator

1100011011 <- this is the answer

AmericanRadioHistory.Com page decoder, you will need a 2 -con- tion shown in the photograph. Orient INTELLIGENT ductor cable with a 3.5 -mm phono the wire so that it leads diagonally MICROMACHINES plug on both ends (twisted pair is fine; toward (and past) the bottom end of (Continued from page 59) coax is not necessary). It's acceptable the 22 -pin connector. to use stereo 3.5 -mm plugs; the "ring" Flip the board back over to its origi- process forms vertical axles for gears contact will simply remain unused in nal position. Just beyond the bottom and elastic supports for the engine. the mono jacks. end of the 22 -pin connector there is a Additional layerings and removals of Beware of pre -made cables sold large square area of bare metal, cen- the oxide free the gears and linkages. for the purpose of connecting the tered around a hole through which During these steps researchers add earphone output of one cassette one of the case screws passes. This is a a hard, smooth substance, silicon nitri- player to the microphone input of an- ground point (see Fig. 6). Cut a 4 -inch de, which functions as a kind of other; these cables contain at- length of wire and strip approximately grease to permit the gears to rotate tenuator resistors and will not work. If 1/16 inch of insulation from one end. more freely. In the final step hydro- you buy a pre -made cable rather Orient the board so that the antenna fluoric acid is added to remove all the than making your own, use an ohm- connector is "up" and solder the wire temporary supporting layers of silicon meter to verify that the ground -to - to the upper right corner of this pad. dioxide. ground and tip -to -tip resistances are Avoid creating a "mound" of solder, as (they low should be well under 10 this will prevent the case from closing Gear Systems. Micro motors consist ohms). properly. of Iwo tiny silicon combs separated by After connecting the cable (to J1 of Even up the other ends of the two a shuttle. The edges of the shuttle the decoder), follow the volume -con- wires, strip a small amount of insula- form combs with teeth that interdigi- trol -adjusting procedure described tion from each, and solder them to tate with those of the stationary earlier in this article. Note that plug- the terminals of the in -line 3.5 -mm combs. These stationary combs, ener- ging in the cable will disable the jack. The ground wire from the SC -150 gized by on -off electric pulses, alter- SC -150's internal speaker. This config- board goes to the "outer" or case nate pulling the shuttle by an uration will allow you to decode 512 connection on the jack. The other wire electrostatic attraction similar to that and 1200 baud POCSAG, but not 2400 connects to the "tip" terminal; be which causes a balloon to adhere to baud. careful not to erroneously select the a shirt, or dust to stick to a television If you want to be able to decode "middle -band" terminal if you are screen. 2400 baud POCSAG, and decrease using a stereo jack. An attached shaft turns a drive gear the number of errors at lower baud Re -install the circuit board back into in a quarter of a circle during the rates, you will need to tap the scan- its proper location within the SC -150, shaft's power stroke. Another comb - ner's unfiltered audio. To do that you making sure to avoid trapping the sig- drive engine, at right angles to the first, will need the 3.5 -mm cable just de- nal wire between the pins of the 22 - is timed to turn the gear on the sec- scribed, a 3.5mm in -line phono jack, pin connector as it mates together. ond quarter of its rotation. The two and a small amount of 26 -gauge or Bend the Iwo new wires over the near- drives, alternating their force, turn re- smaller insulated wire. est edge of the front half of the plastic ciprocating motion into rotary motion Slide the battery cover downward case, avoiding the small case -align- to drive the gear completely around. and remove it. Lift out the NiCd bat- ment "tooth". Re -install the back half Efforts are underway to transfer the tery pack and unplug its connector of the case. Do not excessively tighten technology to industrial partners for from the unit. Using a small Philips the screw nearest where the new large-scale production. That in effect screwdriver, remove the four screws wires exit, as this can damage or cut makes the machines plug -compati- holding the back half of the case; lift the wires. If you are willing to do so, it is ble so other integrated circuits can be away that half. best to use a small file or Dremel tool added to achieve novel uses. Lay the unit face down on the table. to cut a small notch in the edge of the The inexpensive manufacturing Using your fingers, gently pry upward case to allow room for the wires. process can be used either to pro- on the uppermost circuit board at the Re -connect the battery pack, insert duce thousands of units a day, signifi- end nearest the battery compart- it into its compartment, and replace cantly reducing costs for government ment. This will disengage the dual in - the battery cover. Use the 3.5 -mm, and industrial manufacturers, or to line 22 -pin connector between the two -plug cable described earlier to produce unique motors and circuits two circuit boards. The upper board connect the new in -line jack to J1 of for specialized medical and research together with the plastic case top, the Decoder. Be sure that the pins on work. control knobs, and antenna con- headers H1 and H2 are not installed. nector can then be lifted away from Follow the setup procedure de- the unit. scribed earlier in this article for de- Flip over the board you just re- modulator/discriminator outputs. moved. Its "bottom" side will match Note that the volume and squelch Volunteers the photograph shown in Fig. 5. Cut a controls of the SC -150 have no effect 6 -inch length of 26 -gauge or smaller on the demodulator output signal. An Welcome insulated wire and strip approximately auxiliary speaker will not be needed 1/32 inch of insulation from one end. in this case since the unit's internal 62 Carefully solder the wire to the loca- speaker will still work.

AmericanRadioHistory.Com SCA\NÑ'E'R ENI

Entering the Information Age BY MARC SAXON

or those monitors who want to EleFscape IÁ.J=.L.:J rrdaw thi-p have virtually the entire FCC Ede Edit bew Qo @ookmerks Qpticns pireaory licensee database at hand, there's 11 * exk L-^ nM41.1Bl[/bn. A.H.fyby t;;cs p MI Y4p ,...,...`!Ea = good news. Several CD-ROM data- htm - - bases now available allow the average Locetlon;http://www.perconcorp.com/spectrum VAtePs Coo!? Destna@ons Net Search_ People Soh+rue I into»e hobbyist to have instant and convenient NrhnYs Ner? I access to that mountain of valuable information. All you need is a personal F< y<.p computer with a CD-ROM drive. And, SPECTRUM naturally, you'll need one of the proper Database CD-ROMs with FCC databases to pro- Frequency vide the information. For DOS / Windows / MAC Of the several that we have seen, the one we liked best was Spectrum, t:Rt`tAum which covers more than three -million FCC listings in the United States. You can run the mouse -operated program qe,,..o.r.w.r¡ e through Windows (3.1 or higher, Win- dows 95, or NT), DOS, and Mac (Sys- records. Data is extractedfrom the FCC' tem 7 or higher). What type of hardware SPECTRUM - Winter 96 is a frequency database with over 3 Million Database. is required? A PC with at least a 386 Master Frequency _ _ ,.- . - r microprocessor with a VGA monitor for ooaánent Do ne ------retrieved Windows (CGA for DOS) is suggested. The Spectrum CD-ROM contains more than three -million U.S.-based FCC listings, easily website. You'll need at least 4 megabytes (MB) by instant database searches. Get more information at the PerCon of space on the hard disk and another 4 weekly publication, MB of RAM. Mac owners should have whole enchilada. Listings are viewed bined into a single Web. color monitors with 16 -color capabili- on your monitor and/or run off on your available free on the World -Wide includes applica- ties, and will also need 4 MB free on the printer. This publication also for correction, hard disk, plus 4 MB of RAM. No user's manual is included with tions that were returned You're going to find pretty much this CD-ROM. You can select what you amended substantially since prior ac- everything licensed by the FCC on the want by pressing various on -screen ceptance for filing, and resubmitted Spectrum CD-ROM. It includes listings buttons, and then following easy on- after being bounced. FCC services are for public -safety agencies, business screen instructions. I found installation The following Marine radio, broadcasters, coastal stations, to be a tad finicky when following the covered: Broadcast Auxiliary, experimentals, microwave, and more. information provided. The CD-ROM Public Coast, Alaska Public Fixed, There aren't any hams or listings for does not practically "install itself" as Aviation (Ground Advisory, En Route, specific maritime mobile or aircraft sta- many others on the market seem to Fixed, and Control Tower), Commercial and Fixed tions. And, of course, no federal sta- these days. Mobile Radio Services, tions because the FCC doesn't license The Spectrum CD-ROM costs Microwave Services. federal stations. $29.95 plus shipping and handling. The weekly notice is updated to the The CD-ROM offers FCC data Similar CD-ROMs in the Spectrum Web at the URL: http://www.fcc.gov/ searches by licensee name, call letters, series are available: U.S. Amateurs Bureau/Wireless/Public-Notices/index. the county, operating frequency, frequency costs $19.95 plus shipping, and one html. That file name is based upon as range, FCC Radio Service Code, or for all Canadian services is $49.95 weak of publication and is displayed Week class (type) of station. Each listing pro- plus shipping. For more information, "WTB Applications Released XX vides call letters, frequency, licensee contact PerCon Corporation (4906 of the Month." These notices remain on name, class and type of station, city Maple Springs/Ellery Road, Bemus the Web for one month, and then they following and county of the transmitter, and lati- Point, NY 14712; Tel. 716-386-6015; are overwritten with the tude and longitude, as well as the num- Web: http://www.perconcorp.com). month's publication. can ber of land, air, marine, portable, and Questions about this service be Tele- pagers authorized. MORE FCC DATA answered by the FCC's Wireless The amount of data you'll retrieve FCC applications accepted for filing communications Bureau Consumer on any particular station is up to you, in a number of different two-way com- Assistance Branch, which is located in page 66 63 so you can call up just the basics or the munications services are now com- continued on

AmericanRadioHistory.Com AnriQWE Radio

Back to the Star Roamer BY MARC ELLIS

Well, at long last I managed to break out the soldering iron, dust off the workbench, and get back to work on the Star Roamer project- begun in the September and November 1996 issues, and put aside for various reasons these past three months. For those of you who didn't happen to see the earlier issues, the Star Roamer was a Knight Kit (Allied Radio's house brand) low -end communications receiver that was a popular starter set for SWLs and would-be hams in the mid -1960s. My Star Roamer came to me (along with the Heat Q -Fiver and Holstrom Associates preselector that apparently had been used with it) cour- tesy of a sharp-eyed friend who had spotted the unit in someone's trash. During the time that the project was

on the back burner, I at least managed to order a copy of the original Star Fig. I. Here's the Star Roamer schematic as primed in the original Knight Kit manual. Roamer construction manual. It included a pictorial diagram (Fig. 1) and large (C-4) capacitors. Another control (R-4), job of wiring this kit. We also cleaned off schematic (Fig. 2) that I will share with with the deceptive label "sensitivity," the grime and checked the tubes. After you this month. The art will take up a lot actually introduces a controlled amount replacing the electrolytic capacitors (a of space, so I'll have to keep my text of oscillation into the IF stage to make it standard procedure prior to recommis- short! quite serve as a beat -frequency oscillator into sioning any antique set) and installing a the IF stage for CW (code) reception. modern silicon diode rectifier in place of THE CIRCUIT Switch S-2 is the AVC on/off control, the old selenium job, we powered up As long as we now have the Star and S-3 switches diode CR -2 into the the radio and tried it out. The results Roamer's schematic, it's probably circuit, when necessary, to act as a were disappointing. A few weak sta- appropriate to review a few details of noise limiter. Potentiometer R-11 is the tions were heard on the broadcast the circuit. The set is essentially a con- volume control. band; nothing on the shortwave bands. ventional broadcast superheterodyne Phone jack J-1 automatically discon- At the close of the November col- receiver enhanced with shortwave and nects the speaker when headphones umn, we announced the strategy for long -wave bands and a few additional are plugged in. S -meter M-1 is connect- future work sessions. Once the manual niceties of importance to the serious ed across the AVC line and can be cal- was obtained, we would make a shortwave listener. ibrated by the rear -apron -mounted detailed check of the set's construction In Fig. 2, V-1 (6BE6) is the oscilla- "S -Meter Adjust" control, R-8. Also on to be sure that the wiring was done cor- tor -mixer (otherwise known as the the rear apron is "key" jack J-2, paral- rectly. If the Star Roamer could be "converter") and V-2 (6HR6) serves as leled by S-4 which is labeled "Code - brought back to life through finding a the single IF stage. Diode CR -1 is the Normal." When open, S-4 places a key mistake, fine. Otherwise, we would pro- detector, and is followed by V-3, a plugged into J-2 in series with one of ceed with a realignment of the radio. 12AX7 dual triode-which is connect- the speaker leads, which, with the IF ed as two stages of audio amplifica- stage set to oscillate, makes it possible CONTINUING THE tion. The audio -output stage, V-4, is to use the receiver for code practice. TROUBLESHOOTING either a 6AK6 or a 6AR6-which are The comprehensive Knight Kit man- interchangeable in this circuit. The WHAT'S BEEN ual, supplied as an excellent -quality re- power supply is transformer -operated DONE ALREADY production by Hi -Manuals (P.O. Box and uses diode CR -3 as a half -wave In the September and November 802, Council Bluffs, IA 51502) made it rectifier. issues, we gave the Star Roamer a really easy to do the wiring check. In the The set has a front -panel -mounted careful inspection, noting that the origi- past, I've been annoyed at the relative- 64 antenna trimmer (C-3) and bandspread nal owner had done a very competent ly high prices of manuals for units origi-

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soiuoJloa13 Jelndod 2661 431e141 nally sold as kits. It seemed silly to have The wiring check having revealed no and a cell phone, as well as other com- to buy all those extra pages of kit -build- problems, I next took care of a few last- munications, a signal light gun, and ing instructions for a radio that had minute details in preparation for the wind -data instrumentation. already been assembled. Well, I was realignment to be attempted next. The The Air Boss is privately owned and wrong! composition -board rear panel, which not operated by the FAA, although cer- I started to check the Star Roamer had snapped horizontally along a row of tainly it is used with FAA permission. Its by comparing its wiring against the ventilation holes, was neatly repaired frequencies will be different from show schematic. Starting at the front end with a pair of small mending plates fas- to show, but the primary air operations (antenna end) of the radio, I quickly got tened thorough conveniently located are said to be on 123.975 MHz, with a tangled up in the hard -to -follow connec- holes. The plates were installed out of secondary frequency of 126.0 MHz. tions associated with the bandswitch. I sight on the inner side of the panel, their Military aircraft communicate on 388.0 thought, maybe I should resort to a pic- mounting screws dressed up with deco- MHz. Monitors have also reported it on torial diagram from the kit instructions. rative washers. The loopstick antenna 122.925 MHz, the 121 -MHz ground - That way I could see if the switch con- was then securely fastened to the panel control frequencies, and even 122.92 nections are right without actually trac- and wired in as shown in the manual. MHz (5 kHz off the authorized 122.925 ing them electrically. Finally, I was ready to try a realign- MHz channel). My personal guess is That worked I out so well that con- ment-but here I was frustrated. Turn- that it also operates on 123.1 MHz, as tinued using I the pictorials as checked ing on the receiver, I found that a really that's a big air -show channel. the remainder of the wiring. The orga- annoying intermittent connection had nization' of the Knight manual really developed in the dense tangle of wiring BETWEEN A ROCK made it easy. The parts are wired in associated with V-3 (the 12AX7 dual tri- AND A HARD PLACE "layers" with a separate pictorial dia- ode). So far, no amount of prodding and How many of you remember the gram provided for each group. The pic- probing has identified the culpable con- olden days when scanners were fre- torial for each successive layer nection, which makes the audio cut in quency controlled by plug-in crystals? includes all of the parts and connec- and out at irregular and unpredictable That was before programmables tions for the previous one. The previ- intervals. came into existence. Apparently, there ously installed parts and wires are We should, hopefully, have that are still loads of ancient crystal -con- "grayed down;" the ones to be installed problem solved by next month. See trolled scanners floating around out in the current layer are in white. It's a you then! there at least that's what my mail system that works as well for methodi- lets me know several times per month. cal "after -the -fact" checking as it did for SCANNER SCENE The problem seems to be that nobody the original construction. (continued from page 63) knows where to obtain the crystals My thorough check of the wiring that those scanners require in order to revealed no problems or mistakes, but Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. The phone install new frequencies. it did clarify some points that I hadn't number is 800-322-1117. We have looked around for crystal been sure of earlier: (a) Was the sources, but couldn't find any. If there antenna loopstick an original part of the ROLLING TOWER are any places that can supply crystals receiver or had it been wired in later to Manny W., of Chevy Chase, Mary- for RadioShack (Realistic), Regency, avoid the necessity of using an outside land, writes that when he went to an air Sonar, and similar vintage scanners, antenna for the broadcast band? (b) show at an area airport, the air show please let us know about them. We will Was the disconnected "Code -Normal" activities were being run from a mobile run that information here and make switch on the rear chassis originally the control tower parked next to the runway. many people very happy. BFO switch for code reception? (c) His scanner was programmed with the We are always interested in hearing What had been removed from the rec- airport's regular frequencies, so he was from you with information, questions, tangular opening labeled "key"-now thrown into a tailspin when confronted new frequencies, suggestions, and being used for a jerry-rigged IF strip with this mobile tower that wasn't using whatever. If it relates to VHF/UHF, mon- connection, probably for the Heath Q - any of the field's usual communications itoring, or scanning, then our readers Fiver? channels. Manny asks if anyone has want to know. Feel free to write to Though the original loopstick looked knowledge of this type of arrangement Scanner Scene, Popular Electronics, like a casual later addition, it was and the frequencies that might be used 500 Bi-County Blvd., Farmingdale, NY indeed original with the receiver and is, with it. 11735. in fact, the only antenna for the broad- According to the Radio Monitors cast band. (The receiver's antenna and Newsletter of Maryland (P.O. Box 94, ground terminals function only on the Hampstead, MD 21074), what Manny other bands.) The "Code -Normal" encountered is something known as switch, S-4 on the schematic, which "Alr Boss." It's a 26 -foot, portable air- has already been discussed in our cir- craft tower, adapted for use with a trail- cuit description, enabled the receiver to er. The Air Boss is towed around the be used for code practice. The missing country to air shows to serve as a part was J-2 (see circuit description), a temporary control tower and public - double -tip jack used for connection to announcement system. It contains one 66 the code -practice key. UHF and three VHF aeronautic radios,

AmericanRadioHistory.Com Bands You've Never Used BY JOSEPH J. CARR

Ham -radio operators use the OMEGA LORAN C medium -wave (MW), shortwave EUROPEAN LF AM (HF), very -high -frequency (VHF) and BCB MW AM BCB ultra -high -frequency (UHF) bands for communication. Most of us think that 540 the lowest band for ham communica- 10 14 60 100 145 280 500 WWVB tions is 160 -meters (1.8 -MHz band). In FREQUENCY (kHz) the USA, that's true for the official ham Fig. I. This diagram illustrates the VLFILF frequency spectrum. bands. But there are other transmitting opportunities available in the low -fre- Agency (RA) of Great quency (LF) and very -low -frequency Other users of the same portion of munications licensed ama- (VLF) bands below the AM broadcast the spectrum are European broadcast- Britain allows "Class -A" to use any mode of band. One is an unlicensed service ers. In Europe, the 145- to 280 -kHz teur radio operators in narrow band of 71.6 to under Part 15 of the FCC Rules and band is the LF AM broadcasting band operation a kHz. The total Regulations, while another is a small (they also use the 540- to 1,700 -kHz 74.4 kHz, or 73 ±1.4 2.8 kHz, which is ham band recently allowed by the MW AM BCB as well). Some of those bandwidth is only signal British for their hams. stations are megawatt blowtorches about what a single-sideband (such as Radio 252 from Ireland, requires. ! suspect CW will be quite VLF AND LF which runs megawatt level power). It is popular on 73 kHz. Hams are allowed up one watt At one time, the VLF and LF bands interesting to see if these stations can to use power levels to radiated power (1-W ERP). To were all that were available for any be picked up in North America. I've effective hams must give kind of reasonable communications. had some success using both loop use the band, UK district These bands are those frequencies and long-wire antennas, but so far it seven days written notice to their Service (which I below the 540 -kHz lower end of the has been sketchy as to results. Radio Investigation to be similar to our FCC Field AM broadcast band. Figure 1 shows some of the activity take no mobile or mar- The LF bands are roughly 100 to to expect in the LF/VLF region. Engineering Offices); 540 kHz, while the VLF bands are from Between about 10 and 14 kHz are the itime operation is allowed. VLF/LF news from the about 5 to 100 kHz. Below 5 kHz are Omega navigation stations. Up around Other -radio front is an the ELF (extremely low frequency) and 100 kHz are other navigation stations European amateur

C category. At 60 kHz, I International Amateur Radio Union what I call ULF (unbelievably low fre- of the LORAN amateur quency) bands. you will find the National Institutes of (IARU) paper proposing an Standards and Technology (NIST) allocation around 190 kHz on a shared 1,750 METERS time and frequency station WWVB. basis with other services. The French European Part -15 of the FCC Rules and This station is more accurate (espe- are suggesting a common kHz. Other Regulations allows operation on many cially at a distance) for frequency mea- frequency near 143 to 144 from other semi-official and bands, on a non-interference basis, of surements than the HF stations WWV proposals opera- transmitters not exceeding one -hun- and WWVH. You can spot the WWVB official groups include amateur 148 to 149 dred milliwatts (100 mW) into an signal because it uses a binary coding tion in 132 to 140 kHz, and antenna not longer than 10 feet long scheme that depends on a 10 -dB kHz. funny about these allo- (that 10 feet, by the way, includes the amplitude shift for 0 and 1 binary lev- What's really is that early wire in any loading coils!). The 160- to els. WWVB can be received all over cation recommendations those fre- 190 -kHz (1,750 -meter) LF band is the lower 48 states, plus a consider- hams operated on precisely War I, however, used for communication using these able distance into Mexico and Canada quencies! After World back on low power levels. There are no call (some even tell me it's hearable in when amateurs were allowed air, the comment was made "put signs assigned by the FCC, so users Alaska, but I don't know about Hawaii). the and down, they'll of 1,750 -meters tend to make up their In the region between Omega and 'em on 200-meters backyards with own (usually their initials). WWVB are a number of communica- never get out of their "200 - Many users of 1,750 meters oper- tion stations used by various nations to that!" In terms of wavelength, is HF shortwaves ate "beacons" that can be detected communicate with submarines at sea. meters and down" the out of (with skill and difficulty, at times). ... which is really great for "getting that radio Users report on hearing the various 73 KHZ (4,100 METERS!) your backyard." It seems early beacons, and specialty (or club) publi- In the United Kingdom amateurs experts of the late teens and cations will publish lists of those heard may now use 73 kHz with very limited twenties had not heard of ionospheric 67 (and when). RF power levels. The Radiocom- propagation!

AmericanRadioHistory.Com J2 cases, judicious building and layout J1 RF OUT might produce a converter VLF/LF TO capable of INPUT RCVR receiving frequencies below 10 kHz. 4 O Most cases, however, will permit oper- LT ation down to about 10 kHz unless really sloppy layout and shielding prac- I I tices are used (in which case, the builder will definitely get what he or she deserves). C3 The input circuit consists .47 ^ of a single broadband RF transformer (T1). If you )I want to restrict C1 operation to below 100 8 XTAL1 47pF kHz, then T1 can be an audio inter - 3.5 MHz OR I= stage or output transformer. The out- C5 R1 4.0 MHz put -style works well. Select a unit with 1 4752 600 or 1000 ohms on one side and 4 or 8 ohms on the other. Use the low IC2 +9-12VDc 78L05 impedance winding for the primary C6 C7 (connected to the antenna), and the T 10 high impedance winding to connect to .1° *SEE TEXT the NE -602 input pins (pins 1 and 2). Fig. 2. Here's a simple VLFILF-to-HF converter circuit that you can build. I've tested garden-variety cheap transformers from a number of mailorder sources, as well as both types avail- LF/VLF-TO-HF 10- to 500 -kHz band will be found able from Radio Shack, and found CONVERTER PROJECT between 3.510 and 4.0 MHz on your them usable to about 120 kHz (though Many ham -radio receivers today are HF receiver. Similarly, if the 4.0 -MHz they work well up to only 100 kHz). also general coverage receivers, even frequency is selected for XTAL1, then Some higher -priced professional -grade when part of a ham -bands -only trans- the LF/VLF frequencies are translated microphone transformers (usually with ceiver. It is not uncommon to find ama- to between 4.01 and 4.5 MHz. The lat- 50- to 600 -ohm ratios) work well to teur -radio receivers that go down to 100 ter is preferred because the readout around 250 kHz, but cost in the $15 to kHz or even 30 kHz. But many makes more sense to the user, howev- $30 range (as opposed to $1.98 for the receivers do not cover such low fre- er, not all ham receivers actually cover cheapies). quencies. And some of them that do 4-4.5 MHz. The output transformer is made cover LFNLF frequencies are not all In either case, the lower end is from a toroid core. Either a T-50-2 or that wonderful at those frequencies. specified as 10 kHz, but the real lower T-50-6 core can be used. Wind 25 Sensitivity seems pukey at best for end depends on how close you can turns of wire for the primary winding, many models. You can, however, build get to the LO crystal frequency. The and 3 turns for the secondary winding a converter that will translate the LO is suppressed in the output of the of the transformer. LFNLF frequencies to either 3.5 to 4 NE -602, but that doesn't mean it is MHz or 4 to 4.5 MHz. Figure 2 shows a "eliminated altogether." Also, if the SOUPING UP YOUR sample LF/VLF-to-HF converter circuit converter is not well shielded internal- RECEIVER you can build. ly, LO energy from the oscillator will Suppose you have a LF/VLF band This converter is based on the NE - couple to the output circuits and get on your station receiver, but the best 602 chip (IC1). It contains the circuitry through to the receiver. In that case, you can say about it would not be necessary to make the front-end of a the lowest frequency covered may well printable in a family publication. The superheterodyne receiver. It contains depend on how close your receiver usual problem is sensitivity, and an oscillator that can be operated from can get to the LO without overloading results from the fact that many of these very low frequencies up to about 200 or otherwise responding. In many continued on page 70 MHz. It also contains a transconduc- tance cell double balanced mixer IC2 +9-12VDC (DBM) that works to 500 MHz or so. 78L05 +I C7 C6 R1 The DBM is the preferred mixer T10 1 T 4752 because it passes only the mixer prod- L1 L2 L3 ucts (RF ± LO) to the output, and sup- = C1 17µH 30µH 17µH presses the original products (RF and J1 LO). Thus, the output selector for IF RF IN J2 need only concern itself with the sum RF OUT TO RCVR and difference frequencies. C3 C4 .0082 .7 .0082 T The LO circuit in Fig. 2 consists of capacitors Cl, C2 and crystal XTAL1. 1 68 If XTAL1 is a 3.5 -MHz crystal, then the Fig. 3. Soup up your receiver with this VLFILF preamplifier.

AmericanRadioHistory.Com D1 r, V7111 IEMYZ

Your Own Greatest Hits BY JEFF HOLTZMAN Web Style file in your browser. If all Many people make their own Next time we'll provide details on how Open the "greatest hits" tapes by record- to customize it to your liking. Along the has gone well, you should see some- Fig. 1. If not, you ing songs from several CDs (or LPs) way, you'll learn about several begin- thing that looks like against the onto cassettes. You can do the same ning and intermediate aspects of using should check your typing thing with Web pages. And here you HTML. As written, the page should printed listing. page, just click on a link. won't run up against any artificial 45 - function correctly on any modern To use the exter- I and minute -per -side limits. browser capable of handling tables. Nota that it has both internal nal links. External links take you to fy.Jaotpt-1>]vFe,u.itSte.l _tal`7e1 other Web sites. Internal links allow Ed Yee. L lyderls 0:tior -Directory Widow tlbo you to jump around different portions of page. For example, all those - 1 the . 1 the TOC at the tpeehn411eruda.e. )'. "back" links redisplay

( i tistV.ecNpj, 5dwae,1 io ter. l 1.0 LoatT Ranch,. NMSesch top of the page. -J . . My Favorite Sites URL BASICS URL stands for Uniform Resource b1y TOC Locater; it's the official name for an

Delphl Site Internet address. A URL typically con- Shareware See sists of an address preceded by a pro- - Other Saes 1 - Other Saes 2 tocol spec, usually "http" or "file," but Other Saes 3 or other designations. A Other Sees 4 possibly "ftp" Other Sees 5 URL like the following loads a page Other Sees 6 called mypage.html across the Internet Delphi Sites from a site called mysite:

Description ..._ ! URL

aortamd Developer's Confetwce _ ,Borland DeaCon , http://www.mysite.com/mypage.html 32 .32_ Delphi 1 1 Cell 2 located on a local _ell ------If mypage.html were kack drive, the spec would appear like this: ShareWare Sites file:///C \mydir\mypage.html That is the naming convention accept- Zack ed by Netscape. Note that there are ;titer Sites 1 three forward slashes following "file:", er{ DasmtDae --- and there is a vertical bar after the let- Explorer. Fig. /. Create your own Greatest Web Hits page. It runs corder both Netscape and ter C. The v -bar stands for a colon. Internet Explorer accepts the well as a All you need to do is create a sim- specifically tested it with Microsoft Netscape convention, as ple text file containing about a dozen Internet Explorer 3.0 and Netscape more natural looking: different kinds of HTML tags. In so Navigator 2.0. (by the way, version 3.0 doing you'll end up with a highly func- is now available) file://C:\mydir\mypage.html tional Web page complete with a table a drop - of contents, which allows you to orga- INSTALLING AND Most browsers provide manually nize your favorites by topic. After the CUSTOMIZING down box in which you can previously TOC comes one section containing all Using any text editor (e.g., DOS enter a URL, or select a tie URLs for each topic type. When Edit or Windows Notepad), enter the used one from a list. Most browsers (like you're done, you'll end up with a page file shown in Listing 1, or obtain it from also have menu commands that you can load at any time to quick- the Gernsback FTP site (ftp.gerns- File/Open Location) that accomplish ly navigate to all of your favorite Net back.com). If you type it in yourself, be the same thing. sites. very careful to enter all the special This month we'll talk about how to characters correctly, or your page may HTML BASICS Markup use the page and integrate it with your display incorrectly or not at all. Save HTML stands for Hypertext browser for maximum productivity. the file in any convenient directory. Language; it's really just a way of 69

AmericanRadioHistory.Com LISTING 1-BASIC HTML FILE', point on a page, via either an internal or 1. 33. an external jump. 2. 34. 4. For specifics on HTML tags and 3. 35. <TD>Delphi 32</ D> standards, browse through http://www. 4. My Favorite Sites 36. <TD><A HREF="http://www.del- w3.org, the official standards body for 5. phi32.com/">Delphi 32 Web -related activities. 6. 37. <,TR> Next time we'll provide a detailed 7. 38. discussion of how the page works, 8. 39. cell 1 how to customize it, and how to make 9.

My Favorite 40. Cell 2 it the "home base" for all your browsing Sites 41. sessions. See you then. 10.
My TOC4H2> 42. 11.
43. Back 12.
Delphi Site 45. (continued from page 68) 13.
Shareware Site Sites">ShareWare Sites
receivers use no RF amplifier ahead of 14.
Back the mixer at LF/VLF. The solution for 1 ">Other Sites l 48. you might be the preamplifier circuit 15.
Other Sites 2 1 ">Other Sites 1

This preamplifier will provide around 16.

Back 15 to 18 dB of gain at LF/VLF 3">Other Sites 3 51. frequencies. It is 17.

Other Sites 4 2">Other Sites 2 MAR -6 device (Ocean State Electron- 18.

Back ics, P.O. Box 1458, Westerly, RI, 5">Other Sites 5 54. 02891; Tel. 401-596-3080). They also 19.

Other Sites 6 3">Other Sites 3 mally thought of as a VHF -to- 20. 56. Back microwave amplifier, the low -noise 21. 57. MAR -6 actually works to near -DC fre- 22.

Delphi 58.
Other Sites 4
the value of capacitors Cl and C2, for 23. 59. Back all practical 24. 60. purposes). 25. 61.
Other Sites 5
cuit ín Fig. 3 is limited to lower than 27. 62. Back 500 kHz by the use of a low-pass filter 28. 63. with a -3 dB cut-off at 500 kHz. One 29. 64.
Other Sites 6
interference from AM BCB stations 31. 66. With the filter in place, more of the 32. amplifying LF/VLF signals. You can contact me at P.O. Box 1099, Falls Church, VA, 22041; via e- marking document structure and for- played, depending, of course, on the mail at [email protected], or through the matting using plain ASCII text files, type of tag. magazine. I look forward to hearing rather than the binary formats used by I'll provide more HTML details next from you. products like WordPerfect and Word. time, but by studying the listing, you The basic structure of an HTML file can probably figure out how to cus- appears in Listing 1. tomize the page yourself. In the mean- 1111i)'' Note that there are several strings of time, here are a few hints to help you characters enclosed within angle brack- get started with HTML: ets . Each of those things, 1. Tags usually come in pairs, e.g., including the brackets, is called a tag. and . There are many tags in HTML; our 2. Tags containing "A HREF .. . Greatest Hits page uses the most com- are reference tags, which specify go to mon, as well as a few extra powerful URLs. ones. 3. Tags containing "A NAME .. . By convention, tags are capitalized. are anchor tags, which specify a place Any text that appears outside of a tag in a document, and a name by which will be displayed on the web page: is that place known. Anchors provide "The villagers are coining up our drive- 70 Some text within tags is also dis- the capability of jumping to a specific way carrying torches"
AmericanRadioHistory.Com Antarctica's Broadcaster BY DON JENSEN
ntarctica is one of the more re- mote spots on the globe. And REPUBLICA ARGENTINA over the years, only two shortwave ij0 Af?6 rR broadcasting stations have operated .. from this most southern of all the IPA. o`t. continents. 36 RADIO NACIONAL Though the American Forces Antarctic Network's SW outlet at Mc- "ARCANGEL SAN GABRIEL" Murdo Base has been silent for years, EASE DE EJERCITO ESPERANZA - ANTARTIDA ARGENTINA E COMUt the other Antarctic broadcaster, Argen- tina's LRA36, Radio Nacional Arcangel UBICACION GEOGRAFICA San Gabriel reportedly is alive and well Let 569 24' Sur CONFIRMO SUS DATOS Long 53° 59' Oeste DE FECHA: 03 Nov after an impressive 17 years of opera- 79 tion (though it has been transmitting .FRECUENCIA: 6030 KHz 26i^ --.. NLLE6NAC 9121llnl7,R sporadically). Apartado Postal 9411 MUCHAS GRACIAS C1OMUti7C.ACION_£> Buenos Aires While most nations have forsworn J r?X - KkM6 territorial claims to the frozen conti- nent, where the thermometer reads 30 Here's a verification card front Radio Nacional Arcangel San Gabriel, operated front Antarctica by degrees below zero on a typical mid- the Argentine military. winter day, Argentina has claimed sov- ereignty for decades. It backs this ings. The staff is headed by two cials hope to reach with this bizarre contention with nearly 20 Antarctic out- sergeants, Jose Luis Amat and Luis broadcast! posts, scientific bases, military detach- Ramirez, along with Vivana Lopez, For SWLs, if the signal is strong ments, and, since 1980, a shortwave Adriana Arias and Mari Dupuy. enough, the musical programs are var- station. The station broadcasts Spanish lan- ied and enjoyable, although it is a bit LRA36 is located at an Argentine guage programs just two hours a day, surprising to hear romantic Argentine Army installation known as Base 1800 to 2000 UTC, Mondays through tangos aired by a radio station in such Esperanza, or Hope Base, at latitude Fridays. a remote and frigid locale. 63.24 south and longitude 56.59 west, The transmitter, a vintage, low -pow- It is evident that the local military on the long Antarctic peninsula that ered 1 -kilowatt Dutch -made Phillips personnel and their families prefer the juts northward below the tip of South sender, was already nearly two dec- broadcasts of two, 24 -hour -day short- America. At that extreme latitude, it is ades old when it was installed on the range FM relay operations that receive without a doubt the most southerly SW Antarctic peninsula in 1980. Since Argentine mainland programs via station on the air today. then, Barrera reports, the harsh ele- satellite from FM Feeling and FM Hori- The polar station is, sometimes, ments of wind and snow have taken zonte in Buenos Aires. Satellite signals heard as far away as the United States their toll, making it somewhat difficult to also are received from Argentine TV and Canada on its frequency of 15,476 transmit from this old unit. stations. kHz. That's an impressive signal. The station's music library still relies Barrera says that as of this writing, A longtime DXing friend, Gabriel mostly on old 33.3 -RPM LP records, Radio Nacional Arcangel San Gabriel is Ivan Barrera, writing from Argentina, some 1200 of them, although in 1996, best heard after 1900 UTC, when inter- provides some interesting background LRA36 received its first batch of 13 ference ends from shortwave neighbor about this very fascinating SW radio CDs of Argentine music. Africa No. 1 in Gabon, West Africa, on operation. As a part of Argentina's Servicio 15,475 kHz. Radio Nacional Arcangel San Oficial de Radiodifusion and its Radio The sign off at 2000 UTC, he notes, Gabriel, he says, is operated by Argen- Nacional, the Antarctic outlet hopes is nominal, and can vary from as early tine army personnel, headed by Lt. Col. that there will be funding made avail- as about 1945 UTC. The SW outlet Luis Alberto Dupuy, who also is the able for modernization of the aging leaves the air with an instrumental commander of the Esperanza military facility, says Barrera. anthem, "Aurora." base, a remote outpost of just 14 build - Its programming is, frankly, curious. LRA36, Radio Nacional Arcangel One of its regular Spanish language San Gabriel will usually verify any cor- CREDITS: Bill Bergadano, NJ; William programs, Descubriendo la Argentina, rect reception reports with a QSL card. McGuire, MD; Ed Newbury, NE; Dan or Discovering Argentina, focuses on Its mailing address is in care of Base Ziolkowski, NY; North American SW Esperanza, 9411 Antartida Association, 45 Wildflower Road, Levittown, tourist attractions of the home country. de Ejercito PA 19057. One can only wonder who station offi- Argentina. 71
AmericanRadioHistory.Com r THEN AND NOW Ms. Jurey was employed by the What happened to all those trans- VOA for some 28 years, half of that as You can Build Gadgets; mitters once operated by the vast its White House news correspondent. Soviet shortwave broadcasting appa- During that period she was responsi- Here are 3 reasons why! ratus within the former USSR? ble for the presidential news coverage A lot of these stations, under new that was heard by listeners BP345-GETTING around the STARTED IN management, are still broadcasting. world. PRACTICAL Here are some selected English broad- Arey says that the stories Ms. ELECTRONICS$5.95 casts from some of these ex -Soviet Jurey relays of those administrations If you are looking into SWers. This data has been collected in launching an exciting are told a personal and very anec- hobby activity, this text by DXer Kevin Hecht, who invites dotal style. provides minimum es- SWLs to submit additions and cor- "Along the way, the radio enthusiast sentials for the builder rections to his e-mail address: khecht gets a taste of how the VOA was run and 30 easy -to -build fun projects every experi- 19@a mail.idt.new. through this era, including issues such menter should toy with. Printed -circuit board Radio Ukraine International broad- as programming and budget problems." designs are included to give your project a pro- casts to eastern North America and Though the average American fessional appearance. Europe at 0000 UTC on 5,905, 5,915, knows little about our overseas short- 6,010, 6,080, 7,150, 9,550, 9,560 and wave broadcasting, Jurey makes it BP349- 9,735 kHz., and to the rest of North clear that American presidents have PRACTICAL OPTO- ELECTRONIC America at 0300 UTC on 7,150 and seldom doubted the VOA's power as a PROJECTS $5.95 9,550 kHz. diplomatic tool. If, you shun opto -elec- Radiostantsiya Belarus has English "This is a well -written memoir," says tronic projects for lack of on Tuesdays from 1845 to 1900 UTC Arey, knowledge, this is the on "worth the time of any radio hob- book for you. A bit of in- 7,210 and 11,960 kHz, and via Ukrain- byist with an interest on how this busi- troductory theory comes ian transmitters, 7,180 and 9,875 kHz. ness of international shortwave is first and then a number Radio Vilnius, Lithuania, has English conducted." of practical projects which utilize a range of opto devices, from a fil- at 0030 UTC, relayed by a 100 -kilowatt ament bulb to modern infrared sensors and emit- German transmitter on 9,560 kHz. DOWN THE DIAL ters-all are easy to build. Radio Dniester International, sup- Looking for some interesting SW posedly transmitted from Pridnestrovye, signals? Try these. Remember that Practical Electronic Music Projects BP363- a separatist territory of Moldova, has Universal Coordinated Time, abbrevi- 1-1 PRACTICAL English programming on a sporadic ated as UTC, is equivalent to EST+5 RAPENSOW ELECTRONIC MUSIC PROJECTS basics from 2030 UTC on 11,750 kHz. hours, CST+6 hours, MST+7 hours or $5.95 Uzbekistan's Radio Tashkent is PST+8 hours. The text contains a good- reported from 0100 to 0130 UTC on GERMANY -6,085 kHz. Bayerischer ly number of practical music projects most often 6,160, 7,190 and 9,715 kHz, and from Rundfunk in Munich is one of the pri- requested by musicians. 1200 to 1230, and 1330 to 1400 UTC vate German shortwave outlets. This All the projects are rela- on 7,190, 9,715 and 15,295 kHz. has been reported around 0045 UTC tively low-in -cost to build Voice of Armenia is on the air with German -language programming, and all use standard, readily -available compo- nents that you can buy. The project categories Monday through Friday at 1745 UTC but American country and western are guitar, general music and MIDI. on 4,810, 4,990, 7,480 and 9,965 kHz. music. It also is scheduled daily at 2030 on GUATEMALA -4,835 kHz. Radio 9,965, 11,615 and 11,665 kHz. Tezulutlan has been logged both Mail to: Radio Almaty in Kazakhstan is on morning and evening on this frequen- Electronic Technology Today, Inc. 6,230 kHz from 0030 to 0100 UTC, cy. Try around 1125 UTC and 0145 P.O. Box 240 and, via a Ukranian transmitter, 0530 UTC. Programming is, of course, in Massapequa Park, NY 11762-0240 to 0100 UTC on 11,705 kHz. Spanish, and local marimba music is Shipping Charges in USA & Canada often heard. $0.01 to $2.00 $30.01 to $5.00 $40.00 $6.00 INSIDE THE VOA IRAN -6,050 kHz. Voice of the Islamic $5.01 to $10.00 $3.00 $40.01 to $50.00 $7.00 $10.01 to S20.00 $4.00 $50.01 and above S8.50 Skip Arey, host of the Listener's Republic of Iran, VOIRI, in Teheran $20.01 to $30.00 $5.00 Library column in The Journal of the can be heard on this frequency around Sorry, no orders accepted outside of USA and North American SW Association, 0030 UTC with English programming. Canada. All payments must be in U.S. funds only. recently reviewed an interesting book SWITZERLAND -6,135 kHz. Swiss Number of books ordered. about the inner workings of the Voice Radio International, has an English Total price of books $ Shipping (see chart) $ of America and its news operations. newscast at 0400 UTC. Subtotal $ The book, A Basement Seat to ZIMBABWE-3,396 kHz. Zimbabwe Sales Tax (NYS only) $ History: Tales of Covering Presidents Broadcasting Corp. in southern Africa Total enclosed $ Nixon, Ford, Carter and Reagan for suffers from some interference from a Name the Voice of America was written by radioteletype signal but still can be Address Philomena Jurey, (Linus Press, P.O. logged on occasion around 0350 UTC City State _ZIP Box 5446, Washington DC 20016; with African highlife music and English allow 6-8 weeks for delivery. 72 LPlease $16.95). commentary.
AmericanRadioHistory.Com CRC !RCVS
Power Up BY CHARLES D. RAKES
Welcome, circuiteers. Let's pop INPUT were to add a larger -value capacitor, the lid off of the old circuit pot SUPPLY the circuit could, in a pinch, operate as VOLTAGE op again, stir it a little, and select a few the negative supply for an -amp hopefully, useful and interesting items S1 -a circuit. to look over. If a larger capacitor is used, though, Our first three circuits are offered in C1 add a low -value resistor in series with loo response to a fellow experimenter who one input lead to protect the switch a and simple way to from arcing during the initial charging wanted cheap S1 -b light a neon lamp using just two 9 -volt cycle. A 10- to 100 -ohm resistor with a - _ NEGATIVE wattage rating high enough not to go batteries and without using a trans- OUTPUT former or any solid-state devices. He up in smoke during the charging cycle Fig. 2. Move SI from the position shown here to also wanted to double the output volt- should be used. the other one, and you'll have a negative volt- A quick flip of the switch to first age of a 9 -volt battery and supply a age supply. negative low -current bias voltage in a position and back renews the negative similar manner. PARTS LIST FOR THE supply. So, without further delay, let's get NEGATIVE VOLTAGE SOURCE right to those circuits, as well as a few (Fig. 2) 5X VOLTAGE SOURCE others. Our last switching power supply is C1 -100-1F, 35-WVDC (or other rating to the 5x voltage source shown in Fig. 3. capac INPUT handle input voltage), electrolytic Here we have five DPDT switches (S1 - SUPPLY DOUBLED itor and five 100-µF, 35-WVDC, elec- VOLTAGE VOLTAGE S1-DPDT toggle switch S5) OUTPUT Wire, solder, etc. trolytic capacitors (C1-05) connected S1 -a together to multiply the voltage of two 9 -volt batteries in series by five. The C1 result will be a 90 -volt output, which 100 NEGATIVE VOLTAGE can light neon -lamp NE1. As shown in the schematic, switch- St -b SOURCE The negative voltage circuit, shown es S1 -S5 are in the charge position Fig. I. Move switch SI to its other position, and in Fig. 2, is very similar to the previous with all five capacitors tied across the the charged capacitor will double the voltage circuit but has a different output output of this circuit. As shown in switching arrangement. PARTS LIST FOR THE Cl is tied across the PARTS LIST FOR THE the schematic, 5X VOLTAGE SOURCE (Fig. 3) is fully charged. 'VOLTAGE DOUBLER (Fig. 1) power source and positior Switching S1 to the other Ri-R5-22-ohm, 1/2 -watt, 5% resistor C1 -100-µF, 35-WVDC (or other rating to takes the capacitor's positive lead to R6-470,000 -ohm, 1/4 -watt, 5% resistor handle input voltage), electrolytic capac-) ground and its negative lead to the Ci C5-100 µF, 35-WVDC, electrolytic capacitor itor output terminal. S1-DPDT toggle switch NE1-Neon lamp, type NE -2 The negative supply may be used Wire, solder, etc. S1-S5-DPDT switch as a low -current bias source. Or, if you B1, B2 -9 -volt alkaline battery Wire, solder, etc.
R1' R2* R3' R4' R5' VOLTAGE DOUBLER j R6 2252 7 220 ? 220 220 220 A simple voltage -doubler circuit is 470K shown in Fig. 1. In the circuit, a 100-µF o-- electroytic capacitor is connected to 0-10 B1 S2 -a S3S3-~f S4 -a the wipers of a DPDT switch and, as 9V MEMO shown, is charged to the input supply C4* C5' voltage. +I C2` I I C3' ci` T100 + 100 100 Throwing the switch to its opposite 100 "too B2 1:100 position places the negative side of the 9V NE1 capacitor to the positive side of the S3 -b S4 -b NE -2 power source. As a result, the positive T 'SEE TEXT output voltage of the circuit will be tem- porarily doubled. Fig. 3. With this circuit, you can turn 18 volts into 90 volts, which is enough to power neon -lamp NEI. 73
AmericanRadioHistory.Com 18 -volt source. Five 22 -ohm, 1/2 -watt not everyone has been there and done load current around the SCR allowing resistors, R1 -R5, limit the charging that, and that's one reason for pre- it to turn off and opening the circuit to current and protect the switch con- senting the next circuit. The LM741 the load. This occurs as soon as you tacts. When all five switches are op -amp is probably older than many of release S2. switched to the opposite position the our readers, but for those who have The SCR type should be selected five capacitors are connected in series not played around with this versatile to meet the demands of the load circuit to produce the 90 -volt output. When semiconductor yet, here's a very sim- and power supply. Always select a the neon lamp begins to dim, flip the ple and useful circuit application to device with a higher current and volt- switches over to charge, and bring start with. age rating than the application calls them back for a bright light. A single -supply, LM741 inverting for. A little safety factor here is a Some of you might think these AC amplifier circuit is shown in Fig. 4A. cheap insurance policy, and will save antique voltage multipliers are of little This circuit may be added to just about the trouble and cost of buying more value in today's high-tech arena. In the any existing project for additional gain thyristors. majority of cases, you'd be correct too. where needed. The circuit's input But if you had no other method avail- impedance is equal to the value of STEPPER AND DRIVER able at the time, you'd be surprised input -resistor R3, and the output Our last, and slightly more involved, how some of these simple circuits impedance is somewhere around 100 entry (see Fig. 6A) this time around is might become very useful, indeed. ohms. a sequential stepper and driver circuit. INPUT The amplifier's gain is equal to R4 This was originally designed as the ti divided by R3. A table in Fig. 4B shows sequential driver for a setup that per- C1 several resistor values for R3 and R4 formed six different tests on an elec- 4.7 R4' that you'll need to obtain for gain fig- tronic component. The circuit uses a C2 ures of i to 500. seven -segment LED display, DISP1, 47 to show the step position. Two gates of a two NAND +9v Ic1 + ( quad -input LM741 d gate IC (4011), 101-a and IC1-b, are R24 (NJ 10K. OUTPUT connected in a bounceless switch set and reset latch circuit (make sure to 'SEE TABLE ground pins 8, 9, 12, and 13 of 101 to ground).
A Each time S1 is moved from the position shown to the other position R3 R4 GAIN and back, the output at pin 3 of 101-a 'SEE TEXT toggles, sending a clock pulse to the 1K 1K 1 clock input of IC2 (a 4017 CMOS 1K 10K 10 Fig. 5. This latching circuit can be used as an decade counter/divider). That 4017 is 1K on/off switch with a memory. 100K 100 connected in a counter circuit that 1K 500K 500 PARTS LIST FOR THE counts from one to six and then 10K 10K 1 MEMORY POWER SWITCH repeats over and over as long as puls- 10K 100K 10 es from (Fig. 5) are received IC1. 10K 1 MEG 100 A 4511B BCD to seven -segment
10K 2 MEG 200 SCR1-50-volt, 1 -ampere silicon -con- latch and driver, IC3, supplies drive trolled rectifier (or select type for desired B load) Fig. 4. Add some to gain a project with the circuit R1 -1000 -ohm, 1/4 -watt, 5% resistor PARTS LIST FOR THE shown in A. The values of R3 and R4 determine R2 -10,000 -ohm, -watt, resistor 114 5% STEPPER AND DRIVER (Fig. 6) the gain of ICI; use the table in B to select them. S1, S2-Pushbutton switch, normally open SEMICONDUCTORS PARTS LIST FOR Wire, solder, etc. THE IC1-4011 quad two -input NAND gate, inte- GAIN PROVIDER (Fig. 4) grated circuit MEMORY POWER SWITCH IC2-4017 decade counter/divider, inte- IC1-LM741 op -amp, integrated circuit grated circuit Our next entry (see Fig. 5) uses R1, R2-10,000 -ohm, 1i4 -watt, 5% resistor IC3-4511 B 7 -segment latch and driver, R3, R4-1/4 -watt, 5% resistor (see table in an SCR in a latching circuit. This can integrated circuit Fig. 4B for value) be added to a DC -operated circuit as } DISP1-7-segment display, common - C1 -4.7-µF, 35-WVDC, electrolytic capac2 a type of on/off switch that actually cathode itor D1 -D9 silicon has a memory. -1N914 diode C2--47-µF, 35-WVDC, electrolytic capac= itor Pressing S1 momentarily supplies ADDITIONAL PARTS Wire, solder, etc. current to the SCR's gate, thereby AND MATERIALS
turning it on and supplying power to R1 -R6 -100,000 -ohm, 114 -watt, 5% resistor the load. As long as the load current is R7-R13--080-ohm, 114 -watt, 5% resistor C1 -C3 -0.1-µF, ceramic -disc capacitor greater than the SCR's minimum hold- S1-SPDT switch GAIN PROVIDER ing current the power will remain on. Wire, solder, etc. 74 Sometimes it's easy to forget that Closing S2 momentarily shunts the
AmericanRadioHistory.Com R1 ELECTRONICS LIBRARY 14 100K (continued from page 10) 3
IC1 a excessive zooming, shaky pictures, 1/44011 tt R2 focus, and lack of editing and 1.100K poor continuity. This book helps camcorder enthu- S1 4 siasts of all levels to achieve profes- 6 101 b sional results by using creativity 1/4 4011 7 It provides 5 15 14 D1 instead of a lot of money. 1N914 advanced camcorder users with plenty N 3 of advice unavailable anywhere else, D2 -- +12V such as how to edit between different 1N914 16 best B brands of equipment to get the ._ C3 quality at the lowest cost). D3 103 R3 DISP1 1N914 4511B The book covers the advantages IC2 100K 4017 13 and disadvantages of all camcorder for- D4 R7 mats (VHS, 8mm, Hi8, VHS -C, Super - 1N914 68052 15 VHS, and the new digital MiniDV N ;..n, R8 cassette). It discusses the differences 05 6800 1N914 4 between various camcorders and be- 2 NM, N R9 tween editing VCRs. 6800 D6 The book shows readers how to R4 Mti 1N914 100K RIO achieve professional quality in lighting, 6800 0 sound, editing, and other areas without D7 spending a bundle. The book explains 1N914 R11 6800 how RC, SMPTE, and VITC time codes
D8 R12 are used; how personal computers and 1N914 6800 personal video are merging; how to N 7 D R13 maximize the use of audio tracks; when D9 R5 6800 non-linear editing can help save 16 1 8 5 8 6 113 1N914 100K money; and how to record the best { R6 sound. It also explains potentially con- S 100K +12V fusing video terminology and jargon in plain English. A The Low Budget Video Bible: Second Edition costs $27.95 and is IC3 INPUTS IC3 INPUTS RESULTING RESULTING published by Desktop Video Systems, DISPLAY DISPLAY O C B A DCBA Box 668, Peck Slip Station, NY 10272; TeL 800-247-6553. It can be purchased 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 C . directly from the publisher with a credit card; add $3 shipping (NY residents 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 )S must also add $2.31 sales tax). a «pi CIRCLE 92 ON FREE 0 0 1 0 .,, o 1 1 1 INFORMATION CARD g
n 1 0 0 0 1 1 I 0 0 ;,n
II r_i o 1 0 0 1 0 0 1
B
Fig. 6. This sequential stepper and driver (A) uses a seven -segment LED display, DISP1, to show the step position. Follow the truth table (B) for ii put data. current for DISP1. The 4017's 1 to 6 other display readings are, you just decimal output count is converted have to follow the truth table for IC3 tl-rough a diode matrix to a BCD for- input data. mat to input the 4511B. Resistors R7 - It's about closing time here at the R13 limit current for the display. The circus, so here's hoping that at least 4511 B's truth table is shown in Fig. 6B. one of the above circuits will in some For example, to produce a "0" reading way be helpful to you. In any case, all four of the 4511 B's BCD inputs good circuitry until we meet here again "I think you'll be surprised at how far automation program" 75 must be low. To find out what all of the next issue. we've come with our
AmericanRadioHistory.Com LlizR11
BY JOHN J. YACON Doorbell TECHNICAL EDITOR Circuits WINDOWS MAGAZINE
This month's contributors have all applying voltage in the correct direc- and varies; from design to design. But provided circuits to enhance tion is called "forward biasing," while that's enough theory let's check out doorbells. We'll get to their circuits applying voltage in the other direction what's ringing. after we continue our discussion of is called "reverse biasing." semiconductors. Now we know enough about diodes THE COMPLETE We were up to PN junctions last to mention a little more nomenclature. SMART-BUTTON CIRCUIT time, and I posed the question: "What The P its I region and wire form the wanted a circuit I could add to my simple component is made of just a "anode" of the diode. The N region and doorbell system to unlock the door single junction?" Well, a diode consists wire are the "cathode." after the right number of button press- of one junction. Its structure is shown The barrier potential mentioned last es occurred in a specific amount of in Fig. 1A and its schematic symbol is month produces a voltage drop across time. My first concept is shown as a shown in Fig. 1 B. any diode even when it's forward block diagram in Fig. 2. The doorbell biased. That is called the "forward -volt- pushbutton, Si, is debounced by R1, age drop," and it depends on the sub- Cl, and ICI -a. Integrated -circuit IC4 strate the diode's made from. The two counts the P MATERIAL closures of S1 until a pause most -common materials are silicon causes IC4 to reset at the trailing edge LEADS and germanium, with forward drops of of the IC3-a pulse. Integrated -circuit around 0.7 and 0.3 volts, respectively. IC5-a triggers on the trailing edge of N MATERIAL The forward current a diode can han- the IC3-a pulse and IC5-b triggers on dle is not limitless. The actual amount the trailing edge of the pre -selected for a given unit depends on the area of count output of IC4 which coincides its junction, the heat dissipation of its with reset. The outputs of IC5-a and case, etc. This characteristic is called IC5-b are then gated by an AND and a P SIDE the "maximum forward current." XOR gate. If both IC5-a and IC5-b out- When there is a gentle reverse bias, put pulses are present at IC6-a, then a tiny amount of current does actually an "accuracy" pulse will appear, but flow through an electron. It's called the there N SIDE will be no "error" pulse from IC7- "leakage current." You can get large a. If only one pulse is present at the B amounts of reverse current to flow, but inputs of IC6-a and IC7-a, then there you have to apply a very large poten- will Fig. 1. A diode consists of one junction; its be no accuracy pulse output from structure is shown in A and its schematic sym- tial to break the diode's spirit. The volt- IC6-a, but there will be an error pulse bol is shown in B. age at which this "breakdown" occúrs output from IC7-a. Via some coupling is called the "reverse breakdown" or circuit, error pulses could be routed to The most typical use for a diode is "peak -inverse" voltage of the diode, a doorbell sounder, while accuracy to make sure current flows in only one IC3-a direction. For conventional current IC5-a +V ONE-SHOT (where we envision the flow of positive ONE-SHOT charges) current flows across the junc- +TRIG IC6-a Q ACCURACY tion from the P material to N R1 the mate- Q AND 0 PULSE rial. For the electron -current view (the +TRIG ICI -a flow of actual electrons), current flows from the N material to the P material. IC5-b However, for obvious reasons, you ONE-SHOT IC7-a IC4 can't easily force electrons to flow from ERROR RESET O PULSE the electron -poor P region into the electron -rich N region, while pulling DECADE -TRIG COUNTER holes from the electron -rich N region c4 into the hole -glutted P region. S1 C5 In simpler terms, conventional cur- C6 -o rent will not flow from the N to the P region, and electron current will not C7 -0 flow from the P to the N region. So the CLOCK diode only allows current flow of either Fig. 2. This block diagram is an early concel t for c circuit that unlocks a door after the right num- 76 type in one direction. The action of ber of button presses occur in a specific amo rnt of time.
AmericanRadioHistory.Com +V AM +V R5 C4 = 27K 47 1/4 4081 4 11 12 R4 s 12K ? 16 3 2 IC6-b IC2-e 7 / CLR RC 1/4 4081 1/6 4050 R3 IC5-a 2.2K 1N` 1/2 4528 IC2-a +V 8 1/6 4050 IC1-b PN2222 1/6 40106 R8 -T CLR 270K
p RC
IC3-b C7 1/2 4528 47
12 5 PUSHES . - 3 16 5 CLR -T
RC 1/4 4070 1/4 4081 4628 IC3-a 1/2 1/2 4528
Q RESET +V 3 14 12 15 CLOCK 6 1-- IC8-a PUSFiÉS J CLOCK 1/2 4013 IC1-a 7 PUSHES 6 r SET 7 1/6 40106 CE 8 PUSHES Cl 13 4.7 -O O- 12 11 6 9 8 13 IC6-d IC1-c , IC1-d yr., LED2 1 /4 4081 LED3 1/8 40106 1 /6 40106 ACCURACY ERROR R9 R11' R12'
02 Q3 PN2222 PN2222 ePN222 )R10 R12 2.2K 2.2K 7 4 6 IC2-b IC2-c IC2-f 1/6 4050 1/6 4050 1/6 4050 ERROR PULSE 'SEE TEXT ACCURACY PULSE
Fig. 3. This complete circuit makes the idea in Fig. 2 workable. pulses could be conditioned to disen- long as S1 is pushed rapidly enough. from IC3-a will time-out, resetting IC4. gage a door -lock solenoid. Too long an interval between the push- The output of IC3-a is delayed by However, there are some bugs in es of S1 will cause IC4 to reset by R4 and C3 so that IC5-a is not trig- this basic design, solved by the more allowing the pulse from IC3-a to time gered before IC5-b. The delay is nec- complex circuit in Fig. 3. Pushbutton out. That interval is determined by R2 essary to ensure that false error pulses S' is debounced by R1, C1, and IC1- and C2. Four of the output lines of IC4 that accompany the accuracy pulse a. The first push of Si removes the are selectable: Counts 4 through 7. are blanked out by IC8-a. Integrated - high on the reset line of counter IC4 by Count 4 output represents 5 pushes of circuit IC5-a is then triggered (after a triggering one-shot IC3-a. The reset S1- count 5represents 6 pushes, and slight delay) at the trailing edge of the line is then held low by subsequent so on. The output of IC4 will be a pulse pulse from IC3-a. Integrated -circuit pushes of Si thereby allowing IC4 to even if S1 is stopped after the correct IC5-b will always trigger a little before count the subsequent pushes of S1 as number of pushes because the pulse IC5-a (which is delayed) because IC5- 77
AmericanRadioHistory.Com TO REST OF HOUSE - R3 -R6 MESSAGE - DOORBELL 9V 10K R4 180K RECORDING CIRCUIT 100K D1 DECK l O 1N914
R1 R7 1K 50K ---- S1 -b 10 14 9V PL1 R5 12 6 50K t -4> IC -a IC1-b 131 R8 D2 8 1N914 S1 - 1/2 NE556 1/2 NE556 1K MESSAGE - I0 PLAYING DOORBELL Q2 RY1 DECK PUSHBUTTON 2N2222 Q1 Cl + 9V REPLACEMENT C2 2N2222 100 ^ 100 R9 1K R2 e,0- 03 2N2222 PL2!¡'1
Fig. 4. Here's a circuit that is similar to a telephone -answering machine; however, it takes messages from those who ring your doorbell.
b is triggered by the trailing edge of the S2 b IC4 output, which coincides with the TO TEST R8 trailing edge of the pulse from UPSTAIRS IC3-a. R6 10K DOORBELL The pulses from IC5-a and IC5-b R4 { R5 10K R7 are gated by IC6-a and IC7-a. A pulse 390K 220K 340K 1W from IC5-a results from S1 subsiding, while pulse from IC5-b results from Si Cl R2 C4 closing the correct number of times. 4.7 4.7 When both pulses are present at the R9 Q1 22K input of IC6-a an output occurs. The C2 R3 R1 in 50K 2N3904 IC6-a output is then gated with the 1n D1 A SENSITIVITY 02 C3 05 2 WATT 1N5817 2N3904 pulse from IC3-b (in IC6-b) in order to .1 blank out any over counts (such as 15- 18, or 25-28 pushes of S1). Integrated - circuit IC3-b triggers on the error pulse NA^ caused, in part, by exceeding the cor- R11 8 4 10K rect number of S1 closures and multi- ples thereof. The I03 -b output pulse is R12 approximately 3.5 seconds. (By the 2 MEG IC1 R14 way, the RC values used for the one D2 NE555 Q3 5 330K shots in this circuit may not prove out = 1N914 2N3904 R13 560K mathematically, but the pulses are sta- R10 C6 ble enough for this application.) 1 C7 390K 1 The error pulse is derived from gat- TANTÁLUMT ing the outputs 01105-a and IC5-b in IC7-a. If the output pulse of either IC5- a SCR1 or IC5-b is present when the other is 400V absent, then there will be an output 8A OFF pulse from IC7-a. If, however, the puls- S1 es from IC5-a and I05 -b are either o IC2 ON 78L12 both present or both absent, then no D3 R15 1N4001 3.3K G pulse will appear at the output of IC7- 1/2 WATT TO BASEMENT a unless those present pulses don't C9 TRANSFORMER BELL C8 LED1 -2. 330 completely overlap each other. So to (16 VAC) 330 ON T prevent false error pulses from this i source,. the output of IC7-a is gated Fig. 5. Hear your doorbell in the basement with this circuit. with the output of IC8-a (a "D" flip-flop), which goes low when IC5-b is trig- To achieve an accuracy pulse you seconds before trying again. gered (IC5-a is delayed) if S1 has must push S1 at least 3 times per sec- Light -emitting diodes LED1+-LED3 stopped being pushed. ond for the pre -selected number of could be mounted either on the circuit Charging C1 at power on causes a times. If you push too many times, or if board or on a panel and, in either false error pulse, which is suppressed you push too few times, or if you push case, used for practice. Resistors R9, by gating the output of IC6-c with a too slowly, then an error pulse will trig- R11, and R12 should be about 220 78 pulse derived from the charging of C6. ger IC3-b and you must wait about 4 ohms for +5VDC, 390 ohms for
AmericanRadioHistory.Com T1 The circuit is simple. When some- DOORBELL one depresses S1 (which replaces TRANSFORMER Z your doorbell pushbutton) the doorbell BATTERY - 01 switches on. The tran- POWERED rings, and CHIMES sistor in turn triggers both monosta- bles. The first one will energize relay T1 1:1 RY1 for approximately 13 seconds, D1 AUDIO a 1N4003 which will cause a tape deck to play TRANSFORMER message from a looped cassette (a cassette that repeats without rewind- ing). The second monostable will ener- gize relay RY2 for approximately 23 seconds via 02, starting a deck set to record your playing message (as a separator between messages) plus a Fig. 6. This circuit enables you to ring additional door bells in adjacent areas such as basements, message from your visitor for the work shops, or garages. remaining 10 seconds. The two variable resistors allow you INACCESSIBLE PARTS OF WIRING to adjust the outgoing and incoming FRONT BUTTON message length. Note that the values of the resistors are not critical. I z i 1 FRONT A. Bahzad, Doha -Qatar if o o'1 S S -Sohail This is easily one of the most inter- OUTPUT ]á BELL OR esting ideas I've seen: a doorbell that TERMINALS _ __J CHIME takes a message. This sort of thing HOUSEHOLD BELL REAR BUTTON TRANSFORMER should be available retail, but I haven't 10-16 VOLTS -T. - I , , seen anything like it. I wonder if RY1 BACK and RY2 could be wired to the memo and OGM (Out -Going Message) 117VAC BREAK switches on a regular answering machine to replace the two decks? It'd X COM be neat if you could use one device to get both phone and door messages. ADD r BASEMENT BELL R1 R2 On my street there is a retired per- 100 = 100 son who works in his basement and cannot always hear the doorbell. Since - in the doorbell transformer is the base- ment and the rest of the wiring is
upstairs, I built the following circuit - Q1 (shown in Fig. 5) that senses the cur- 276.2025" rent flow through the transformer and Cl 02 rings a bell in the basement. .47 D1 276-2017' = 1N4002 The 1 -ohm resistor, R1, serves as a NEW D2 current shunt to sense the one to two BELL OR CHIME 1N4002 'RADIOSHACK PART amperes of current. The wave shape is L J NUMBERS clamped to ground to increase its pos- itive amplitude. And then low-pass fil- tering is used so that line -noise will not Fig. 7. With this circuit, you can add a remote bell to an existing doorbell circuit, without tearing out walls to access the wiring between the door button and chime. trigger the one-shot multivibrator. The "Sensitivity" control is part of the low- +9VDC or 560 ohms for +12VDC. by ripping out the switch and flooding pass filter; increasing the resistance Therefore +V could be either 5, 9, or the circuit input with high voltage. improves the filtering, but decreases 12 volts DC. sensitivity. Set the control low enough -George T Kysor, San Jose, Costa BELL -ANSWERING to ensure triggering. Rica MACHINE The trailing edge of the multivibrator Wow! Great design work! I recom- Want to know for sure if a friend or wave shape is used to start the timer. mend an optical coupling to the sole- maybe the cable guy has stopped by That provides a delay for the basement noid circuit. Using a relay or a plain your house? Build the circuit shown in bell; thus both bells are not pulling a solid-state switching device common Fig. 4. It is similar to a phone answer- high current from the transformer at the to the solenoid could be compromised ing machine, but it is for your doorbell! same time. The timer can be adjusted 79
AmericanRadioHistory.Com to ring the bell from one to five seconds. chimes as you'd like without disturbing ed, return current flowing through the There is a "Test" button for ringing the the operation of the existing doorbell. common circuit creates a voltage drop in bell to aid set-up. The "Off-On" switch Since I have a garage that's 24 -feet across the two resistors. Depending on allows the circuit to be disconnected so long and an attached shop the same its direction it activates either Q1 or Q2 the basement bell will not ring. length, I used a chime for each, setting after a brief delay (caused by the charg- -Richard W. Johnston, Troy, Ml them at different tones. ing of C1). That diverts current briefly to Nice work; I like how it doesn't need I hope this circuit is of some value as the new chime which sounds off. its own supply. I wonder how you'd it needs no current or voltage source The device can be housed in a have to condition the signal to use a other than its own. small metal box, such as a 4 -inch junc- 555 as the one shot. It might take a bit -Edward B. Worman, Roscommon, Ml tion box (that's what the dashed box in of thinking, but then a 556 could be I'm definitely going to add the audio the diagram represents). Variations on used for both the timer and one-shot transformer/relay circuit to my secret - the circuit will allow the use of a piezo- circuits. recipe book. I never thought to power electric alarm, or special purposes can a small circuit from an audio trans- be accommodated, since the circuit SHOP BELL former before. essentially routes power upon sensing
Enclosed is a circuit I designed to current flow. enable you to ring additional door bells EXTRA BELL -Russ Head, Marshalltown, IA in adjacent areas such as basements, The enclosed circuit (see Fig. 7) is Very interesting. I'll bet I know what work shops, or garages (see Fig. 6). offered as a possible contribution to everyone's thinking: Replace R1 and The circuit steals a little current from your Think Tank section. Initially, R2 with a single 5 -ohm resistor Right? the main doorbell system via a center - thought of it as a construction project, The Tank is empty for now. So until tapped audio transformer to drive relay but realized it may not appeal to a next time, if you've got some cool cir- RY1 (RadioShack number 275-005 or broad readership. Basically, it allows a cuits, please send a schematic and a 275-004). The relay closes the con- remote "bell" to be powered from an complete description of how it works to tacts to a battery -powered chime box existing doorbell circuit, without tearing Think Tank, Popular Electronics, 500 making it sound out when the main out walls to access the wiring between Bi-County Blvd., Farmingdale, NY doorbell is activated. the door button and chime. Only the 11735. If it appears in the column, you'll All the circuit does is operate the doorbell transformer must be accessi- receive a book from our library. Send relay, not the additional chimes, so you ble, and they usually are. enough for a whole column and you'll can add as many battery -powered When the front or rear bell is activat- also get a special chip and a kit.
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AmericanRadioHistory.Com 14 TEMPERATURE GENIE Ever lost frozen food because your freezer stopped? The TC- 2 kit would have saved you RAINS money. An alarm activates when the temperature reaches a critical point. Turn ceiling fans on automatically when Many of our kits are it gets too hot. This kit gives you 100mA of output. 1 available completely built!. SIZE: 2' x 1.4' Power requirement 6 to 15V DC. If you want to switch more power see our Trfac (TP-1) or Relay (RP-1)Power kit. TC-2 KIT $7.95 WIRELESS FM Our TV filters eliminate unwanted TV channels or a_ MICROPHONE TV NOTCH < PHONE Small but mighty this little interference that alters both TRANSMITTER jewel will out perform sound and video with a beep FILTERS Small but mighty,it fits anywhere. most units many times its beep beep. FOR CHANNELS Phone line powered, never needs _ . per price. It really stomps out u.13 Works on cable a signal. The WM-2 kit is 2 22 batteries. 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You install the leaded Amps ea., tie both poles together and get 3 parts. Power requirement 6 to 12v DC. Size .35"x.9" 3 DIGITAL THERMOMETER Amps. Size .75" x 2" MMWM5 KIT $34.95 The DT-3 kit will turn your digital volt ohm RP -1 KIT $9.95 meter into an accurate digital thermome- STROBE LIGHT ter with .1 degree resolution. Measure Do you need an attention g 401' temperatures from -40° to 250F° The WIDE BAND getter, warning light,or remote sensor is .25" sq. and can be PRE -AMP flashing light for model air- mounted many feet from the meter.Power planes? Then this kit is for requirement 9V DC. SIZE: 2" x 1.35' Uses PCB and surface you. Use It as an emer- DT -3 KIT $8.95 mount technology for better gency light for your auto, performance. Use for scan- radio tower, even use it on your bicycle. Has a variable ners, HTs, Frequency counters, Satellite Receivers. It flash rate. Power requirement 6 or 12v DC . CAPACITANCE METER amplifies low-level (weak) signals. If the signal is Size 3.5"x1.9' your digital volt meter into This kit will turn extremely low , two amplifiers can be used in a series. ST -1 KIT $11.95 a capacitance meter. Turn that Junk box of 1 MHz to 2.5 GHz 2.8dB NF unmarked capacitors into a fortune of I FM STEREO TRANSMITTER usable parts. Measure capacitors from 1dB compression=OdBm Own your own FM radio ' 2.2pF to 2.2uF.Power requirement 9v Gain: 1MHz- 20dB to 2.5GHz-6dB station. Any stereo sig- DC. SIZE: 1.80" x 2" Power requirement: 12v Q 6Ma nal you plug Into the CA -1 KIT $12.95 WBA-6 KIT $19.95 FMST-100 will be trans- mitted to any FM radio tuneable from 76 to 108MHz FM. Transmit a wire- Please add sufficient postage First lb $5.00 Canada $7.00 : t.taslerCard less link through an auditorium, from your car to Additional LB. Add $1.00 US FUNDS ONLY your camper, listen to your CD's while mowing the We will accept telephone orders for Visa or Mastercard lawn, Play music on one channel sing on the other. Clarity is excellent, aprox. 40dB stereo separation. Electronic Rainbow Ind., Inc. Length of antenna determines the distance of trans- 6227 Coffman Rd. Indianapolis, IN 46268 mission. Complete with stereo input levelcontrols & 11 crystal for stereo separation. 9v battery operation. FAX 317-291-7269 SIZE: 1.5"x2.5" x3" ELECTRONIC CALL 317-291-7262 6N FMST-100 Cabinet $8.95 err $29.95 INTERNET:www.rainbowkits.com RAINBOW 83 CIRCLE 148 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
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PC MOUNT PADDED CARRYING CASE 12 Vdc, MINI BLOWER POWER RELAY Good-looking pro- Nidec, Gamma 28 # A34342-55APP 12 Vdc, 24 Vdc tective carrying 0.18 amp brushless case for Zip dri- centrifugal blower designed for Potter & Brumfield # T90N5D12-24 ves, Walkman applications with space limita- tions. 24 Vdc, 675 ohm coil. SPDT con- players, This small, lightweight tacts rated 20 amps (N.O.), 10 amps blower features permanently (N.C.) tools, guns, ` - 240 Vac. 1.15" X 0.09" X 0.65". PC terminals. lubricated ball bearings and a photographic or " ds UL and CSA listed. electronic equipment. This quiet thermoplastic hous- OO ing. 3" diameter X CAT# RLY-55 well -made black canvas bag has 1.18" $2 each thick. Output port is 1.4" X 1". 0.5" thick padding all around and a nylon 5 leads. 10 for $18.50 100 for $150.00 inner liner. 1.5" wide webbed handle and detach- able shoulder strap. Heavy-duty zipper. Interior CAT# CF-39 $700IF each PRICE! pocket and adjustable velcro compartment. SPECIAL Interior area: 16" X 6" X 2.5". These are new EDGEVIEW PANEL METER TWIST ON bags with a company logo (Interactive Network) FS=1 MICROAMP on a patch on one side. 00 F-56 CONNECTOR $5 Mura CAT # CSE-10 each Beautifully constructed We recently made a large edgeview meter move- purchase of this twist -on co -ax DRIVE WI ment. 2.75" X 0.8" face. connector for RG-6 cable. CABINET SUPPLY Scale is labeled Special pricing while 100 for $15.00 Attractive, heavy -gauge gray "BEATS/MINUTE" and is cali- . the supply lasts. 500 for $50.00 plastic cabinet designed brated from 50-150. It can be easily removed CAT #FTO-56R 1000 for $70.00 hold a height or reversed to create a blank scale. The CDS' ROM drive.dri black bezel is 3.53" X 1.33" and can be SPECIAL PRICE Contains a 5 Vdc I adjusted or removed. 0.1" thick clear plexi- 12 vdc switching glass case. Maximum case size behind BI-COLOR LED 'r ' power supply, IEC power mounting plane: 2.75" X 1.18" X 2.18". ,inlet jack, on/off switch, cooling Solder lug terminals. RED/ GREEN diffused: fan, LED indicator, DB-15 connector and two RCA $550 jacks. 10.43' X X 2.2" CAT # MET -47 T 1 3/4 (5mm) Three Legs 350 9.75" overall size. Drive opening in front of case is Center cathode. 5.87" X 1.68". IEC S-VHS VIDEO CORD CAT# LED -63 each power cord not included. 100 for $29.00 1000 for $250.00 CAT# MB -53 $15E 00.70» r 4 l((o(=f(,43 4' cable with miniature 4 pin mini (USED) SPST, N.C. SWITCH DIN plugs on both ends. "HI -8" VIDEO CASSETTE Marquardt # 1050.0141A Ps. CAT# CB -363 Small, normally -closed switch rated 2 amps $300h 10 for $25.00 125/250 Vac. Prepped with 5" long wire leads 100 for $150.00 SONY Hi -8 Uwor oa and 2 contact socket connector. Body Top quality, metal size: 0.78" X 0.4" X 0.25". UL and particle 120 minute video CSA listed. Large quantity available. BILATERAL TRIGGER (DIAC cassettes. Used for a short time, then bulk -erased. FOR Each cassette has its own $3óo 4 $1 (IQ CAT # DB-3 28-36 volt plastic storage box. CAT# HT-40 35-45 volt Satisfaction Guaranteed. CAT # VCU-8 CAT# SMS-140 250 for $50.00 1000 for $1$0.00 10 for $28.00 100 for $250.00 3 FOR $111 100 for $27.00
ORDER TOLL FREE ° QO826-5432. MAIL ORDERS TO: FAX (818) 781-2653 INFO (818) 904-0524 ALL ELECTRONICS CORP. P.O. BOX 567 INTERNET http://www.allcorp.com/ VAN NUYS, CA 91408-0567 E-MAIL [email protected] SB NO MINIMUM ORDER All Orders Can Be Charged to Visa, Mastercard, American Express or Discover Checks and Money Orders Accepted by Mail Orders Delivered in the State of California must include California State Sales Tax NO C.O.D Shipping and Handling $5.00 for the 48 Continental United States - ALL OTHERS including Alaska, Hawaii, P.R. and Canada Must Pay Full Shipping Quantities Limited Prices Subject to change without notice. p11CVER MANUFACTURERS - We Purchase EXCESS INVENTORIES... Call, Write, E-MAIL or Fax YOUR LIST 84 CIRCLE 28 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
AmericanRadioHistory.Com ..7 , u 7: -/ti'° qF- .-:-ó TOLL FREEORDER LINE: 1.800-336-7389 ' . ;,,: - ÉLECTRONIC.KITS! FAX LINE: 1-602-731-47481 1-6027894-0992 VOICE CHANGERS! - TECH SUPPORT NUMBER: R "I° -XANDI ELECTRONICS, INC. ° ° AND MORÉ!, ` ó OF HIGH QUALITY,KITS PRICES SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE" MANUFACTURER
143.775 MHz CRYSTAL CONTROLLED TRANSMITTER KITS BUG DETECTOR XBD500 CRYSTAL TRANSMITTER KITS Ultra -miniature surface mount construction. $149.95 Professional quality. E -Z kit approach makes assembly a snap. Not a kit, ready to use. Miniature battery and holder mounted Covers 1 to 2,000MHz. directly to the circuit board. XTL3000EZ XTL1000EZ Uses new Microwave XTR300EZ Transmit to any scanner type receiver Integrated Circuit amplifier. $79.95 $99.95 $69.95 Adjustable sensitivity. - Audio jack for privacy ear phone. XTR300 XTL3000 XTL1000 TRACKING TRANSMITTER KIT LONG RANGE TRANSMITTER KIT TRANSMITTER KIT Any intercepted signal causes an audio tone that increases from a low pitched Transmits continuous beep -beep -beep Sensitive built In microphone Sensitive built in microphone growl to a high pitched squeal as the sig- 1 up to 1/2 mile Idsal for locating lost or stolen items Range up to mile Range nal strength increases. Range up to 1/2 mile Custom frequencies available Custom frequencies available
88-1 08 MHz FM TRANSMITTER KITS T 1 88-108 MHz FM RECEIVER XST 530 Voice transmitter. Range up to 1 mile, Supersensitive mic. Uses 9 volt battery. XMR2000 54- Uses surface mount components. $29.95 XWB 1000 Voice transmitter. Range up to 1/2 mile. Includes mic and battery on circuit mount components. Worlds smallest I board. Uses surface FM radio. : XST 500EZ XWB1000EZ XFM 100C XFM 100 Voice transmitter. Range up to 1 mile. 9v battery and leaded components. As small as a $49.95 $46.95 $21.95 hearing aid. XSP 250 Super-miniature telephone Weighs less than transmitter. Range 1/4 mile. Powered by 1/4 oz. phone line. Uses surface mount component. Digital touch tuning. 1 XTR 100 Tracking transmitter. Range up to 1 mile. Uses 9 volt battery. Transmits a BEEP Ideal for use with our 88- - BEEP - BEEP tone 108MHz FM transmitters XSP 250EZ XTR 100C XTT 100C XTT 100 Telephone transmitter. Range up $34.95 $29.95 $19.95 to 1 m'le. Uses 9 volt battery.
CHANGER PHONE VOICE rkstaUFE- XLB-3 $3.95 4. 16 levels of digital voice changing. Sound rk 3V CAMERA tougher, older or younger, female or male. BATTERY rsrj - Powered by 4 AA batteries. (Batteries not XLB-9 $8.95 included). 9V LITHIUM Small 3V Lithium XPC 400 XV$100 TV BATTERY battery. For use CAMERA TV TRANSMITTER with XTL3000, 400 LINES OF RES Worlds most powerful Use with XPC400, VCR, Works with regular or 9V battery! Twice the life XTL1000, XTR300, Use any TV or VCR with Camcorder, etc. multi -line phones. of alkaline batteries. and XWB1000. a video input connector. Power cube Included. Connects between Includes power cube. handset and phone. Note $4CT BOX Uses the UHF TV band. About half the size of a will not work with cordless PR pack of cigarettes. Transmits video and or handset type. Ideal project box to give your audio. telephones. T-2001 kits that professional look. Available custom See entire room through Assembled to 100 foot range. drilled for the following kits: XFS108, pin sized hole. Up S69.95 XPS1000, XLC900, and XVA250. Assembled $269.95 E -Z Kit $29.95
XANDI ADVANCED HOBBY KITS - XFS 108C r $39.95 XVA 250C XLC 900C <' '"Zr:' 4. $49.95 XPS 1000C $49.95 'y, $55.95 . 88-108 MHz % FM STEREO VOICE -STRESS ANALYZER KIT TRANSMITTER KIT TELEPHONE SNOOP KIT SCANNER CONVERTER KIT(800-95OMHZ) See at a glance if your being lied to! Separate level control for both left the 800 to and right channels. Dial home from anywhere and hear in- Uninterrupted coverage of Subject need riot be present. Works side your home. 950 MHz band!. with voices from recordings, TV or Output level circuit with test points for TouchTone coded for secure operation. Works with any 400-550MHz scanner. radio. quick and easy tuning. Stop burglars and intruders. Gain: 6 dB typical. Has built-in microphone. Transmit from any stereo audio source to most any FM stereo receiver. Reliable 24 hour protection. Noise figure: 3 dB typical. Easy to use LED display output. MUM MC, MO, COD TO: Serving the public since 1981 AWE ACCEPT CHECK, VISA, Master Cam' SEND MAIL ORDERS XANDI ELECTRONICS ' SHIPPING & HANDLING.EXTRA EIASCTIWITZICST. INC. BOX 25647 1270 E Broadway Rd. # 113 NEFUNDARIE ON FOR COMPLETE CATALOG TEMPE, AZ 85285.5647 Tempe AZ 85282 SEND $2.00 FIRST ORDER!, 85 CIRCLE 134 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
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ALFA :ELECTRONICS BEST l'K/(7:u , DMM 89 $179.00 DMM A91 DMM 20 Fluke Muttlmeter Fluke 12 $84.95 t, :Most Advanced DMM $49,95 $74.95 ú0 Inductance: 2mH-20H Holster C-10 10 110 -80.7 to 81.4 dBm with 40-1200a NOW CapadNnce:2nF-200uF Fluke 70 II $75.95 reference $39.00 20 impedances Resistance 200-200M0 Fluke 73 II $97.50 True RMS Plus Free Case a Fr uency 21d-tz-20MHz Fluke 7511$129 I Frequency counter 100 Hz -10MHz 3.5 it 0.5% accuracy Holster C70 Capacitance: 5nF-50mF Solar Cell Powered I" DC/A Current and Volts $16 i -'-'n Measure AC volt to 20kHz Transistor hFE, diode est Fluke 77 II $155 _4' Large Display Continuity, Duty % 79 II 5000 counts, 0.1% basic accuracy Peak hold/Max Fluke $175 Diode, Auto/manual range, fast bar graph Continuity Ruggerdized case Fluke 2911$175 Volt, Amp, Ohm a s Min/Max/Ave/DH/Relative/Zoom Rubber holster $8.00 Fluke 76 $175 rsw, Data Hold I Auto power off - Auto power off Fluke 87 $287 0 -w 1 Input warning 200. m. ()MBAs, I Splash proof 7 functions, 19 ranges `°Y °° Full line of Fluke 867 $1199 economy, compact, . 3.5 Digit, 0.8% accuracy V amp, ohm, logic, diode, continuity ru gerdized, solar cell, Scope Meter !z . uggerdized case Auto/Manual ranging .,,..,. automotive, heavy duty, Fluke 97 $1785 Rubber holster included Energy saver - ` industrial, electrical Student & hobbyists favor starts from 519.95 Fluke 105 $2799 .r LCR Meter 131D LCR Meter 814 Frequency Counter $229.95 $189.95 FC-1200 $129.95 Most Advanced LCR Frequenty.10Hz-1.25GHz Dual display U0 or C/D Best Resolution LCR I Display: 8 digit LCD Inductance: 10mH-10,000H Inductance: 2000HUrf-1 -200H -0- Penod: 0.1p, -0.1s 1 Capacitance:1 OnF-1 OmF Capacitance: 200pF-20,000uF Records Max/Min/Average ' Resistance:100-10Mí] Resistance: 20-20M0 Data hold, relative mode Auto/manual range Telescoping antenna 58.00 Resolution of 0.1uF, 0.1pF, and . Deluxe case $5.00 Dissipation factor & 0 factor (] I m0 are useful for high frequency . Serial & parallel mode and SMD CI Q O Also Available: Relative mode for comparison Dissipation factor indicates leakage +,...,;,, AC/DC clamp meter, Light meter, and to remove parasitics in capacitor and 0 factor in inductor Thermometer, pH meter, High voltage Statistics, tolerance, Zero adjustment to reduce parasitics Probe, Digital Caliper, Anemometer, Best for design, incoming Best for high frequency RF Electronic scale, Force Gauge, -`- testing & production SMD and chip component test probe Tachometer, Stroboscope, Humidity SMD and chip component $25.00 EL,f¿f T / 7L# & EMF adapter, Sound level meter, test probe $25.00 Padded deluxe case 58.00 1 Frequency counter, SWR/field strength/power meter, Dip meter 20 MHz Oscilloscope with Delay Digital Storage Scope Sweep PS -205 $429.95 Dual Trace, Component foist, 8" CRT, X -Y Operation, TV DS-303 30MHz, 20M Sample/sec $849.96 Sync, Z-Modulation, CH2 Output, Graticule Ilium, 2 probes DS-303P Wl RS -232 Interface $1,049.96 each has xl,x10 switch. Best price with delay sweep. PS -200 20 MHz DUAL TRACE $339.95 Switchable between digital and analog modes PS -400 40 MHz DUAL TRACE 5494.95 2 K word per channel storage P9405 40 MHz DELAY SWEEP $589.95 8 bit vertical resolution (25 Lerel/div) PS-805 60 MHz DELAY SWEEP 5789.95 Expanded Ttmebase l Oms/div - 0.5 s/div PS-1000 100 MHz DUAL TRACE 5999.95 Refresh, Roil, Save all , Save Scope Probe: 80MHz xl, x10 $15, 100MHz xl, x10 $22 CH2, Pro -Trig 250MHz xl, x10 529, 250MHz x100 539 Plotter control DC Power Supply DC Power Supply Triple PS -303 $159.00 Output PS -8202 $499.95 a ,,,,.... 0-30 VDC , 0-3A output 1 /y/ Two 0-30 VDC , 0-3A outputs One fixed 5VDC, 3A output IMLI1 Constant voltage a constant current mode , © ilia ià %//. + Capable of Independent or traddng operation ( 0.0211. 2mV line regulation - _ i`J t//L .. Constant voltage end constant current mode 0.02%+3mV load regulation ...... -,' e-"p q . dgttel meters for volt and 1 mVms noise and npple S. ` - - - Far ctrrent dlspley 1 s Excellent regulation and low ripple Short droll and overload protected - ni %AL C ' r PS-8200 with voltmeter S Short circuit and overload protected IOU $179.00 M." 413i(,; Also available: 30V/SA, 60V/3A, 60V/SA Also available: 30V/5A triple output $549.95 16V/10A, 30V/10A Dud tracking 30V/3A, 30V/5A, 60V/3A, 60V/5A [ao...,,, scrt6+J111~sen.tal.. RF Signal Generator Audio Generator Function Generator SG -4160B $124.95 AG -2601A $124.95 FG-2100A $169.95 100 kHz-150MHz sinewave in 8 10Hz - 1MHz in 5 ranges 0.2 Hz -2 MHz in 7 ranges ranges Output 0-8Vrms sinewave Sine/square/triangle/pulse/ramp RF Output 100mVrms to 35 MHz 0-10Vp-p squarewave Output 5mV-20Vp-p 1% DC Internal 1 kHz, External 50Hz- Synchronization: +3% of oscillation distortion, offset+ 10V VCF: 0-10V control freq. to 1000:1 l r 20kHz frequency per Vrms AM modulation Output distortion: Function Gen./Counter Audio output 1 kHz, 1 Vrms 0.05% 500Hz - 50kHz FG-2102AD -IcÁO CA 6,nf Output Impedance: 50 Ohm 0.5 % 50Hz - 500kHz $229.95 Size: 5.9"H x 9.8'W x 8.1-D Output impedance: 800 ohm Generates signal same as FG-2100A Frequency counter 4 digits LODE., TA la Feature TTL and CMOS output RF Signal Generator Audio Counter SG-4162AD Generator/Counter Sweep Function Gen./Counter 4111 $229.95 AG-2603AD $229.95 $329.95 __ - 0.5Hz to 5 MHz in 7 ranges Generates RF signal same as Generates audio signal same as Sweep:Linear10:1/Log 10:1 20ms-2s SG -41808 AG- 2801A _ AM Modulation 6 digit frequency counter 1Hz - 6 digit frequency counter 10Hz- Gated Burst, Voltage Control Gener. 150 MHz for internal 150MHz for internal and `ba-' " +[ and external external I Generator Control Voltage & 8 digit rn[q.ac, . D^'a'À^ ., .,- . source Sensitivity <50mV sources Sensitivity <50mV counter 1Hz-10MHz for internal & external sources ALFA ELECTRONICS (800) 526-2532/(609).897-1135' 1 YEAR PARTS AND LABOR WARRANTY FAX:(609) 897-0206 CALL / WRITE! FAX FOR FREE CATALOG P.O. BOX 8089, Princeton, NJ 08543-8089 86 Visa, Master Card, American Express, COD, Purchase Order Welcome CIRCLE 26 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
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from Tenma, Fluke, - Tést Equipment 30 Piece Security Tool Set Hitachi, Leader, B+K This is a complete set of security bits for all of those service Cost Generic applications made difficult because of tamper resistant Name Brand and Low screws. Items such as computer monitors, telephone Technician's Tools equipment, cable equipment and many others. Includes security torx bits, security hex bits, spanner bits, OEM and Generic TV/VCR repair parts, tri wing bits and more. and over 10,000 Semiconductors #22-1475 Reg,S3,P!49 Sales 1 9.95 Gaming and Amusement Repair Parts and Accessories, Computer Hardware, Software, LAN Products and Printer Repair Parts SAVE MCM offers a comprehensive line of toóls and test equipment engineered for the repair of T AI 4' .i 1 computers, TVs, VCRs and more. In addition, Digital you will find a wide variety of OEM and low cost Solder Station generic TV/VCR parts, passive components Ideal for most soldering and semiconductors, over 30,000 items in all, applications Including stctic `- sensitive devices. Closed. loop stocked and ready to ship. control and digital readout offer precise operation from 320°-900° F. A variety of replacement tips are available. SAVE #21-1590 Reg.$1 ]? 0 Sales69.95
`V DMM with 45º° Logic Function SAVE r Y ! 3'i digit LCD DMM measures voltage, I resistance, capacitance, frequency and Itil = amperage. Also tests transistors, diodes and includes logic function. Input 3 -. au, iII impedance 10Mohm. Requires 9V battery. 19":I wan' vo fx #72-4025 to,* T'`áy Aluminum bol Case Reg.S(y5!45 Heavy-duty case is mode of lightweight aluminum and Sale135.95 designed to take rough field use. Attractive black fnish holds up after years of use. Measures 19' x 14' x 6'. Prices Effective January 16, 1997 through March 30, 1997 C Hours: M -F 7 a.m.-9 p.m., Sat. 9 a.m.-6 p.m.,EST. #21-3460 Reg.$4 5 Sale$32.95
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TACT/t.A. .. . E,LEC Cybernetic Earl Long Parabolic Mic Phasor Sonic Blast Pistol Range can hear a I Rids areas of unwanted pests. Enhances normal Telephone "Ultra -Ear" distant hearing 3-4 times! ' whisper! Trainsm and conditionswild and 1\ Adjustable volume control, Line Grabber/ 20' dish uses satellite ' i9UG Mother domestic animals.als.Great for fits easily into either Infinity technology to capture Nature! barns, attics, cellars, gardens. Transmit PPP1K Kit/Plans ear. Many, many uses. distant sounds. PM5 Marls $ 8.00 $39.50 Use tone phone anywher in the world to: Ready to Use! PM5K Kit/Plans $149.50 Monitor your premises - avoid break-ins CYBEREAR .... $19.95 Shocker Access ongoing calls longwinded kids Optional Wireless Retrofit transmits Control up to 8 appliances in your home! captured sounds to an FM radio. Force Field/ 3 Mi Telephone Xmitter Re WM5K Kit for Wireless Option ....$29.50 ' -direct costly toll calls from pay phones! Vehicle 'Tune-able 80-130 Mhz Undetectable TELCON3 Plans (credit to purch) ..$10.00 r 17 Only transmits when phone is used TELCON3K Plans/Kit $99.50 FireBall Gun Electrifies VWPM7K Kit/Plans $39.50 TELCON30 Read. to Use $149.50 Shoots flaming ball - two sho. Make hand and shock balls, shock wands capacity. Great for special effects and` and electrify objects. Great payback for 1 Extended 3 Mi Voice Transmitter remote fire starting. CAUTION REQUIRED! those wiseguys! i r,; FIREBALL Plans (dangerous product). SHKIK Easy to Assemble Kit $19.50 Playohl Ultra -Sensitive Mike - $10.00 Telephone Taping System Crystal Clear Tunes 80-130 MHz. Seé r Dotal Electric Tapes Phone Conversation Extends FMV1K Kit/Plans Tape X4 Check Local Laws before using! $39.50 DARKNESS! Charge Gun TAP3OX Ready to Use Life is Precious - $84.50 High Quality IR Night Vision "Drop PROTECT IT! -In" (lmi) ame Scope with IR illuminator. Stuns & immobilizes attackers 3 Mi Tracker Transmitter Telephone SD10 Ready Use 4t# to $199.50 15 feet away! Check your state Tunable Output Transmitter ' laws for legality. More knockdown Uses FM Radio Easily tunable over FM radio. Never needs power than most handguns. No Excellent Signal Beacon battery! #DROPIN Kit/Plans $ 19.95 I h$TlC BRIGHTNESS! permanent injury. ID coded. HOD1 K Kit/Plans $39 50 ECG1 Data rr MIND COMM! (Creditable to purch) $10.00 High Quality Laser Pointer ECG10 Charge Gun, Ready to Use, Places subjects under your ${© LAPN64 15mw equv, 2000' $39.50 includes FREE Stun Gun! $249.50 control. Programmable audible` LAPN61 50mw equv, 4000' $84.50 STUN GUNS - sold separately: & visual stimuli with biofeedback, Induces Wdow Bounce Laser Listener STUN100 100,000 strange & bizarre Volts $34.50 Aim window hatucinations without at and listen to sounds from TUN200 200,000 Volts $49.50 drugs. Caution - not FDA approved. reflected light. CAUTION Not for illegal 1000' Potato Cannon MIND2 Plans $15..00 Not a Toy! use. LWB3 Plans $10.00 Uses electronic or piez MIND2K Kit and Plans $49.50 ignition. CAUTION LWB3K KitiPlans (reds vid tripod) $149.50 REQUIRED! VISIT US ON THE WEB! MIND20 Unit Assembled $69.50 POT1 Plans (dangerous product)... $10 °' http:l/www.amazingl.com
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To order Book #403 send $6.95 plus thatt uses the of shipping in the U.S. and Canada only to Electronics .reu =E printer port i A Technology Today Inc., P.O. Box 240, Massapequa your PC funds by nrosr .- 71« POCKET PROGRAMMER 2 Park, NY 11762-0240. Payment in U.S. matos: u instead of a bank check or International Money Order. PROM« EAM-20 MEGAMAX MEGAMww4 SIMMBIP IESIER EMUPA C I.S. :+I - internal card. Please allow 6-8 weeks for delivery. CALL ADVANTECH 1ABTOOL 599 EETOOLS SIMMAX Easy to use software that programs 629 ICE TECH MICROLV 795 CHROMA SIMM/SIP E(E)prom, Flash & Dallas Ram. 27(C)/ E ALLMAX + 359 MOD-MOT-EMUPNR 650 EETOOLS series from 16K to 8 409 EETOOLS MEGAMAX 279 MOD-MCT-EMUP/R 28(C(F)/291C)(F)/25 509 EETOOLS MEGAMAX4 49 EPROM 1G TO 512K Megabit with a 32 pin socket. Adapters WINDOWS 95 369 XELTEK SUPERPRO II 69 EPROM 1G TO 1MEG available for MCU's 874X, 875X, Pic, 40 - 409 XELTEK SUPERPRO II P 99 EPROM 4G TO 1 MEG Pin X 16 & Serial Eprom's, PLCC, 5 -Gang Step at a Time 249 XELIEX SUPERPRO L 199 EPROM 16G TO 1 MEG -One and Eprom Emulator to 32K X 8. 165 XELTEK ROMMASIER II 89 EPROM 1G TO 8MEG Don't know what to do 479 MOD-MCI-EMUPA 129 EPROM 4G TO 8MEG Same Name, Address & Phone # for 739 STAG ORBIT-32 250 EPROM 8G TO 8MEG with ? when confronted Windows 95 13 Years.... Isn't it Amazing r aarn "9 Microsoft's Windows 95 one step . Intronics, Inc. ,1 eta tinte Then you need 612 Newton St. screen? LASTOOL4e MICROMASTER SUPERPRO ALLMAXPLUS ROMMASTER21 Box 13723 / a copy of Windows 95 - Edwardsville, KS 66113 Add $4.75 COD General Device Instruments Tel. (913) 422-2094 Add $4.00 Shipping One Step at a Time. Sales 408-241-7376 Fax 241-6375 BES 983-1234 Fax (913) 441-1623 Visa! 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AmericanRadioHistory.Com 3-1/2 Digit LCD 3-1/2 Digit LED 4-1/2 Digit LCD %Digital Panel Meters (LCD & LED) 35 d. led digital panel metal PM -328: 4-1/2D LCD Dicital Panel Meter Don't let the prices fool you. These digital Features panel meters are not surplus, so even if you 200.00mV Full Scale Input Sensitivity design them into an ongoing manufactured . Single 9V DC Operation you be assured of continued Decimal Point Selectable product, can l lmm LCD Figure Height availability. These high quality digital panel Automatic Polarity Indication meters are decimal point selectable with PM 128 Low Battery Detection and Indication guaranteed zero reading at zero volts input. . High Input Impedance (>100 Mohm) Applications Include: Specifications - P M-128/PM-129 Specifications - PM -328 Voltmeter Capacitance Maximum Input 199.9mV DC Maximum Input 199.99mV DC Maximum Display 1999 counts (3-1/2 Digits) Maximum Display . 19999 counts (4-1/2 Digits) Thermometer Meter w/Automotic Polarity indication w/Automatic Polarity pH Meter LUX Meter Indication Method PM -128 - LCD Display Indication dB Meter LCR Meter PM -129 - LED Display Indication Method . LCD Display : Shown in the Display Watt Meter Other Industrial Measuring Method . Dual -Slope integration Overrcnge Indication '1' A/D Converter System input Impedance . >100 Mohm Meter & Domestic Uses <80% RH) Current Overrange Indication : '1' Shown in the Display Accuracy +-0.05% (23+-5°C, PM -128: 3-1/2D LCD Digital Panel Meter Reading Rafe Time : 2-3 Readings per sec. Power Dissipation 1mA DC Input Impedance . >100 Mohm Decimal Point Selectable w/Wire Jumper PM -129: 3-1/2D LED Digital Panel Meter Accuracy +-0.5% (23+-5°C, <80% RH) Supply Voltage 9V DC Features Power Dissipation PM -128 - 1mA DC Size 67mm x 44mm 200mV Full Scale Input Sensitivity PM -129 - 60mA DC Decimal Paint Selectable w/Wire Jumper PM -128 - Single 9VDC Operation LOW Supply Voltage PM -128 - 9V DC AS AS $5.25 ea. PM -129 - Single 9VDC Operation PM -129 - 9V DC Decimal Point Selectable Size 67mm x 44mm PRICE EACH 250 PM -128 - 13mm Figure Height CAT NO DESCRIPTION 1 10 25 100 Automatic Polarity Indication PM -128 3-1/2 Digit LCD Panel Meter S 9.90 S 7.09 $ 6.40 $ 5.86 $ 5.25 Guaranteed Zero Reading for O Volt Input PM -129 3-1/2 Digit LED Panel Meter 11.49 9.54 8.67 7.95 6.95 High Input Impedance (>100Mohm) PM -328 4-1/2 Digit LCD Panel Meter 19.88 16.40 14.90 13.66 11.93 Ball Bearing 12V DC Fans These High Quality Fans feature Ball Bearings and Brushless DC Motors. All of them are designed to meet UL, CSA & VDE Standards. Design these fans into power supplies, computers or other equipment requiring PRICE EACH NO 1 10 25 100 additional air flows for heat removal. CAT CSD4010-12 $ 9.88 $ 6.38 $5.48 $4.87 These fans are regular Circuit Specialists 6025-12 9.38 5.91 5.41 4.71 stock items they are not surplus. CSD - CSD8025-12 8.88 5.85 5.19 4.49 6.14 5.29 4.59 BEST PRICING! CSD9225-12 8.95 INDUSTRY CSD 1225-12 11.45 8.96 7.82 6.85 Specifications RATED START INPUT STATIC DIMENSIONS VOLTAGE VOLTAGE CURRENT AIR FLOW PRESSURE SPEED NOISE LEVEL (dB) WEIGHT (g) CAT NO (MM) (V) (V) (A) (CFM) (INCH-Hr0). (RPM) 5,500 26 20 CSD 4010-12 40x40x10mm 12 7 0.06 5.1 0.19 4,500 28 65 CSD 6025-12 60x60x25mm 12 5 0.13 13.7 0.165 31 80 CSD 8025-12 80x80x25mm 12 5 0.16 37.8 0.177 3,000 0.18 2.800 37 95 CSD 9225-12 92x92x25mm 12 5 0.32 42 42 135 CSD 1225-12 1211120x251 r n 12 5 0.35 62 0.180 2,500 SOLDER SOLDER ' LDER CCD Camera - IR Responsive As Low As $85!! CCD Cam- SOLDER SOLDER ' LDER This black and white monochrome era is totally contained on a PCB (70mm - We stock high quality ó0/40(Sn%/Pb%),.031' j x 46mm). The lens is the tallest compo- "- 63/37, .031' diameter. This is prime JIS. -' and nent on the board (27mm high from certified solder that we maintain as a4 the back of the PCB) and it works G. regular stock item (It is not "Left-overs {I i with light as low as 0.1 lux. It is IR - ' Rejects or Surplus") and you can buy it - Responsive for use in total dark- \, ., from us at a fraction of the price that ness. It comes with six IR LED's on Doara. It connects to any you are used to. on VCR or through a Tired of Paying Inflated standard monitor, AUX or video input a to a TV. Works with a REGULATED 12V power Prices for Solder? ` PRICE EACH video modulator supply (11V -13V). Hooks up by connectiong three wires: red to CAT NO DESCRIPTION 1 10 25 12V, to ground (power & video) and brown to video RH60-1 1-Ib. Spool, .031", 60/40 $ 6.90 S 5.96 S 5.30 black RH63-1 1-Ib. Spool, .031", 63/37 6.95 6.10 5.41 signal output. RH60-4 4.4-Ib. Spool, .031", 60/40 24.00 21.90 17.92 Power Supply Regulating Kit for CA -H34 This simple RH60-TUBE 6 -oz. Tube, .031", 60/40 .99 .89 .79 kit is designed to fit onto the back of the CA -H34 CCD PRICE EACH camera. It resolves the problem of hooking up the camera to an UNREGULATED supply (which damages the camera) by CAT NO DESCRIPTION 1 5 -14V DC supply. CA-H34A PCB Mounted IRCCD Camera $99.00 $85.00 providing safe regulated power from any 12V A34 Power Supply Regulating Kit $6.95 It also provides regulated 12V DC from a 12V AC source. SEE OUR ON-LINE CATALOG'iAT IIllilll 111111 http;//www.cjr.com I OUR LATEST 132 PAGE oiCATALOG! INC. RECEIVE CIRCUIT SPECIALISTS, Ifs chock full of all types of electronic equipment- SINCE 1971 and supplies. We've got I,C.'s. capacitors, resistors,` pots, inductors, test equipment, breadboard- ` 41 800-811-5203 ing supplies, PC supplies, Industrial computers, 602-464-2485 data acquisition products, personal comput- ers and computer parts, plus much, much more. 1111 602-464-5824(FAX) FAX us your name and address or call 800-811- Amik- 5203, ext. 5, to leave a message on our catalog NNYUS { request line. WE ACCEPT: 91
AmericanRadioHistory.Com , J %% ,°5 y 1 u r o inn 4115:4 94* 41* -Digital And Analog Circuit Simulation Softwargv Finally an easy to use simulator great for Students, Engineers, Technicians, Hobbiests Includes 6 Integrated Modules: TurboSIM + TurboLOGIC + TurboLIB + TurboSCOPE + WinSPICE + PCB Netlist
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Import/Export Spice Netlist/models from other fit manufacturers. irAutomatic Glitch detection warns of potential circuit problems. f Export Tango PCB LAYOUT NETLIST Symbol Editor to design your own devices and sub -circuits A 9 Analog/Digital Libraries/hundreds of devices 74XX, 74XXX, Advanced Schematic Capture - Zoom in/out, cut/copy/paste, CMOS, MUX, FFs, one shot, trl-state, RAM/ROM, Voltage and drag drop, Multiple Fonts, Connectors, BUSSES, rotateMip Current controlled switches, BJT,GaAs, MOS, DIODE, etc rules check.
fir Powerful] Berkeley Spice Analysis Capability - AC, DC, 1!f Interactive simulation with multiple output windows and timing TRANSIENT, POLE -ZERO, NOISE, TRANSFER -FUNCTION, diagram allows you to see any signal by -simply clicking on the wire OPERATING POINT and morel even during simulation.
Powerful Data Analyzer/Oscilloscope plots output In Real - it Logic probes, volt/current meters, LEDs, Seven Segment Time during the simulation including complex math expressions Displays, Hex keypads, Clock sources, Voltage + Current sources - Sin, Cos, Tan, Log, and other trig functions, plots real -part, includes PULSE, SIN, EXPONENTIAL, FM, Arbitrary source imaginart-part, Magnitude, phase, decibles, absolute value, generates voltage or current based on Supplied Equation, Calculates Derivatives, almost anything you want. Current/Voftage controlled sources.
It interactive digital simulation with glitch/setup and hold violation detection, single step mode, variable speed simulation, printable timing diagram output, truth table generation, binary to seven segment displays, hex keypads, digital clock sources, built In logic analyzer can be setup to generate breakpoints during simulation from user defined AND/OR combinations signals and sequential events to help debug circuit timing/logic/race problems. Simulates tri-state, open collector & don't care logic, RAM/ROM, one shot, carry look ahead, shift reg, pull up/down resistors...more.
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Cable TV Stereo Decoder Amplified Indoor When used in Digital Video Stabilizer FM Antenna conjunction The digital video stabi- with a re lizer will eliminate the .b 17' taJ, amplified FM cable constant picture antenna. Improves TV distortion recept on with weak FM con- caused by the signals. 18 dB of gain. HOTS 1r verter or copyright protec- ,/ tncludss AC adaptor. - - NEW cable tion on movie gain control, and 75 t ready VCR, this videotapes. This ohm cable coaxial ITEM! - handy device allows you to unit is fully automatic with , a termirmted an "F' - feed the cable TV stereo signal Into your and operates on one 9V conntor. home sound system for superb audio reproduction of battery which is Included. sporting events. your favorite shows, movies, and Q 795 #PO -180-320 $1 #P0.219-055 $1290 #P0-189-110 $1 990
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150 Dalbani 97 146 Parts Express 93
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AmericanRadioHistory.Com 1 The Virtual Electronics LabTM
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Professional Schematic Layout 9dfrIIee4 Mi-feo.ii ircuitMaker's schematic capabilities are unmatched and include many advanced .e/4ue/ firing features not found in similar programs. These powerful features minimize -9>o e time and task associated with drawing a schematic and insure a professional oS'7 e np0 "o77e¡Uj,i4C,Fr4v2/Fr2re ooing final product. Printout and export options are numerous and results º7 are of ("- i llkcr 1 I. S YES YES YES YES YES 5299 e highest quality. But that's what people have come to expect front CircuitMaker. I.1'I , ll. n15`. l.l' ES. i I NO YIiS NO NO NO "9y I'I""n'"'" ''""s""'' YIiS NO Unlimited, Indestructible Devices Er ,2111._1. Pk YES NO YES YES `599 IrcuitMaker ships with over 1500 devices. That's more (at no additional cost) "CircuitMaker Shocks The Competition, an any competing product. If you need a device that is not included. CircuitMaker With An Unbeatable Bottom -line" ovides industry standard SPICE import and a powerful macro capability. These destructible devices accurately emulate actual devices and enable the user to try I'hose "what ii' scenarios with no risk and at no additional cost. Total Customer Satisfaction At MicroCode Engineering we are committed to total customer satisfaction. When you purchase Accurate Simulation & Advanced Analysis CircuitMaker you have the con l idence of knowing that a trained staff of professionals is available to serve you alter the sale. Our free unlimited customer rcuitMaker features analog. digital and mixed -mode simulation. Obviously. simu- service issecond to none! Whether you have general or technical questions they will ion is of no value if the results are not accurate. CircuitMaker s simulation en - he answered p omptly by a knowledgeable representative. se is based on Berkeley SPICE3, which is renowned for it's accuracy. That's iy we can factually state that CircuitMaker provides it's user with the most accu- FREE Functional Demo te simulation available. Furthermore. CircuitMaker provides a wealth of analysis A free functional demo is available on the pabilities not found in other products in its class. No other product offers this Internet at http://www.microcode.com, on CompuServe (GO uch simulation muscle at such a reasonable price. MICROCODE) and on America Online by doing a file search for CircuitMaker. Printed Circuit Board Output Call now to order or rcuitMaker's PCB output capability helps you complete your design cycle, by iterating a netlist that can he imported into any compatible PCB program. This is request additional information ,t a costly ' add-on module', it conies standard with esery copy of CircuitMaker. icroCode Engineering also offers TraxMaker, a p ofessional level. l'CB layout d autorouting program for just 5299. Used in conjunction with CircuitMaker, 800-419-4242 axMaker completes a powerful end -to -end circuit design system. VISA [..9.-1 e vlicroCode Engineering Inc. 573 W 1830 N Suite 4 Orem UT 84057-2030 USA Phone 801-226-4470 Fax 801-226-6532 Internet http://www.microcode.com CIRCLE 157 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD AmericanRadioHistory.Com Connect the SCOUT with your AOR AR2700*
The Scout, with its revolutionary Reaction Tune feature, can tune the AOR Model AR2700 to the frequency it captures in less than one second. No more scanning through an entire band of frequencies, hoping to find that one elusive unknown signal. The Scout will lock onto and capture into memory all neartield frequencies, up to 400, while simultaneously t "lee tuning the AR2700 to the recorded frequency. Take it along to a sporting event, amusement base park, shopping mall, or downtown, and start building your own frequency database. See pTGte theFÉÉ:Rn ,` Anten below for list of other compatible Scout Reaction Tune receivers. D átGo Automatically tunes the AR2700 to the frequency captured ttu r ra\ l Takes guess work out of scanning for active frequencies 1,51 lgI Records and saves up to 400 frequencies in memory C5 Records up to 255 hits on each frequency in memory Interface to a PC for frequency download using the optional Optolinx PC Interfhce 13 Distinctive beeps indicate frequency hits, pager style vibrator for discreet recording Automatic EL backlight for night operation
I 16 segment RF signal strength bargraph Frequencies are automatically saved when unit is turned off Spedn.an FCC Database CD 10MHz 1.4GHz Frequency Range
I Liso Reaction Tunes: AO AR8000 ICOM R7000, R7100, and R9000. Radio Shack Pro 2005/2006 (0S456 installed) and Radio Shack Pro 2035/2042 (0S535 installed)
WM" *Modification to AR2700 required for Reaction tune. Instructions included in DB32 Antenna Scout ikanual.
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- ° j ' g ó .w', ? CC30 Carry Case O 0.. I 5l .__. " AR 2700 Order IIOW! AOR AR2700 scantier not sold by Optoelecnvnics FACTORY DIRECT ORDER LINE 800.327.5912 r r J 11910% 49"I I \ EWE IIIi%isia _ \1011ivL.1.4.~i 5821 NE 14th Avenue Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33334 Visa Mastercard C.O.D. Prices and Specifications are subject to change without notice or obligation INNOVATIV DUCTS FQ TEL (954)771.2050 FAX (954)77I.2052 Email [email protected] MODE- Internet: www.optoelectronics.com 777gANET CIRCLE 43 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD AmericanRadioHistory.Com

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