Description of a New Species of Eupterote(Eupterote) from Sulawesi

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Description of a New Species of Eupterote(Eupterote) from Sulawesi ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo Jahr/Year: 2010 Band/Volume: 31 Autor(en)/Author(s): Nässig Wolfgang A., Holloway Jeremy D., Beeke Martin Artikel/Article: Description of a new species of Eupterote (Eupterote) from Sulawesi (Indonesia) (Lepidoptera: Eupterotidae) 197-200 Nachr. entomol. Ver. Apollo, N. F. 31 (4): 197–200 (2011) 197 Description of a new species of Eupterote­(Eupterote) from Sulawesi (Indonesia) (Lepidoptera: Eupterotidae) Wolfgang A. Nässig1, Jeremy D. Holloway and Martin Beeke Dr. Wolfgang A. Nässig, Entomologie II, Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Senckenberganlage 25, D­60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; [email protected] Dr. Jeremy D. Holloway, Department of Entomology, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom; [email protected] Martin Beeke, Buchhofstrasse 33, D­32351 Stemwede, Germany Abstract: Further data on the Eupterotidae fauna of the barcode­bas ed studies on the Eu pte ro t i dae of Asia; the In do ne si an is lands of Sulawesi and Bu ton is provided. A pre sent pa per is a preliminary pub li ca tion to de scribe a Eupterote new nocturnal species of the ge nus Hübner, 1820 clearly un named and easily re cog niz ed new spe cies from [“1816”], nominotypical sub ge nus, is described: Eupterote (Eu pterote) celebica sp. n. (ho lo ty pe male in SMFL, Frank­ Sulawesi in advance of the revisions. Re vi sio n al no tes on furt am Main) from Su la we si Selatan, Tanah Toraja, Pu lu the entire group, based on the results of our stu dies, will Pu lu, ca. 1800 m. Both se xes, the pattern and colour vari abi­ be pub li sh ed later. lity of the males and the male genitalia of the new spe cies are described and il lus trat ed. Holloway (1987) described and illustrated the Eupt e­ ro t idae from Borneo. Näs sig & Schulze (2007) recently Key words: Bombycoidea, Bu ton Island, Bu tung Island. described a new spe cies of the genus Eupterote Hübner, Beschreibung einer neuen Art von Eupterote­(Eu­pte­rote) 1820 [“1816”], subge nus Eupterote, from Sula wesi pro­ von Sulawesi (Indonesien) (Lepidoptera: Eupte ro tidae) per, in which the ♂♂ have a special diurnal life habit. Zusammenfassung: Weitere Informationen über die Eupt e­ The present pa per deals with an externally distinctive ro ti den fau na von Sulawesi und Bu ton werden gegeben. Hier nocturnal spe cies; a fur ther spe cies will be considered wird eine neue Art der Gattung Eupterote Hübner, 1820 [“1816”], nominotypisches Sub ge nus, beschrieben: Eu pterote in the near future within the wider revision mentioned (Eupterote) celebica sp. n. (Ho lo ty pus Männchen in SMFL, above. An other re cent pub li ca tion covered the Ga ni­ Frankfurt am Main) von Sulawesi Selatan, Tanah Tora ja, sa spe cies of Su la we si (Näs sig et al. 2009), and fur ther Pu lu Pulu, ca. 1800 m. Bei de Geschlechter, die Va ri a tions­ pa pers focusing on Sulawesi are in pre pa ra tion. breite der Männchen und die männlichen Ge ni ta li en der neuen Art werden be schrie ben und abgebildet. Abbreviations and conventions Abbreviations of collections: Introduction CSLL Collection Swen Löffler, Lichtenstein (Sachsen), Ger­ The higher systematics (at the family, subfa mi ly and tri­ ma ny. CMBS Collection Martin Beeke, Stemwede, Germany (for mer ly bal levels) and phylogeny of the fa mi ly Eu pte ro t i dae is Hille/CMBH). still not reli ab ly resolved and is at pre sent under re search CMWM Collection Museum Thomas Witt, München (Munich); (see Ober prieler et al. 2003, Näs sig & Ober prie ler 2007, assigned to ZSM, Munich, Germany. 2008, Zwick 2008, Zwick et al. 2010). For the problems CWAN Collection Wolfgang A. Nässig, now in SMFL. with the names for this family see Nässig & Ober prie­ SMFL Lepidoptera collection in the Senckenberg­Museum, ler (2007); a catalogue of the genera of the fa mi ly was Frank furt am Main (with the number of the Lepi do pte ra compiled by Nässig & Ober prie ler (2008). type catalogue of the Senckenberg­Mu seum), Ger many. With respect to Eupterotidae, the Indo nes ian is land of ZSM Zoologische Staatssammlung, München (Munich), Ger­ many. Su la we si is still something of a “terra in cog nita” (com­ pare Nässig & Schulze 2007, Näs sig et al. 2009). Ear li er Measurements: au thors, such as Swin hoe (1901, 1904) and Nieu wen­ lfw. Length of the forewing [mm], measured in a straight line huis (1948), de scribed only single species from smal ler from the base of the wing to the most distant point of the islands close to Sula wesi (Swin hoe: Salayar Is land; Nieu­ apex, without the width of the thorax and with out the tegulae. wen huis: Bang gai Archi pe la go, Peleng), but not from the AL An ten nal length [mm]. main island of Sula wesi. Further mate ri al of this family LR Longest rami [mm] of the antenna (not measured in of bom by coid moths has come to hand ra ther recently ♀♀). (see, e.g., Holloway et al. 2001: pl. 2, fig. 5), ei ther from S.D. One standard deviation. sci en tific expeditions espe cially de di cat ed to the study max. Maximum value mea sur ed [mm]. of the insect fauna of Sulawesi or from In do ne si an insect min. Mi nimum va lue measured [mm]. tra ders. n Number of specimens measured. To our surprise, the mater ial re cent ly obtained from Other abbreviations and conventions: Su la wesi proper near ly always ap pears to be distinct fw. forewing(s). at the species level from older ma te ri al from adjacent GP no. dissection/genitalia slide no. (Genital prä pa ra te num­ is lands. We are presently preparing geni ta lia and DNA mer), ex CWAN, now in SMFL, if not stated otherwise. 1 Studies in Eupterotidae, no. 12. (No. 11 see: Nässig, W. A., & Bouyer, T. (2010): A new Pseudojana species from Flores, Indonesia (Le pi do pte ra: Eu pte ro t i dae). — Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo, Frankfurt am Main, N.F. 30 (4): 205–208.) © Entomologischer Verein Apollo e. V., Frankfurt am Main 198 1a 1b 2a 3a 3b 4a 2b 4b 5a 5b 6a 6b 7a 8a 8b 9a Figs. 1–9: Eupterote (Eupterote) celebica sp. n. from Sulawesi, specimens. Fig. 1: HT ♂, SMFL. Fig. 2: PT ♂, bright yellowish form, CMBS. Fig. 3: PT ♂, another yel low ish form, CWAN. Fig. 4: PT ♂, dark form with little contrast, CWAN. Fig. 5: PT ♂, dark, contrasting form. Fig. 6: PT ♂, bright brown form with little con trast. Fig. 7: PT ♂, bright brown form without pattern. Fig. 8: PT ♀, CWAN. Fig. 9: PT ♀, CSLL. — Always: a = ups., b = uns. (not always uns. shown). Photo graphs W. Nässig, except Fig. 9a (S. Löffler). — Scales are different: Figs. 1a–4a and 8a–9a are approximately natural size, while Figs. 4b–7a are smaller; scale bars = 1 cm. HT holotype. PT paratype(s). hw. hindwing(s). uns. underside. l.t. locus typicus. ups. upperside. © Entomologischer Verein Apollo e. V., Frankfurt am Main 199 Descriptive part Description and diagnosis A complete list of the taxa of Eupterote Hüb ner, 1820 Measurements, ♂♂: HT: Lfw. = 37 mm, AL = 11 mm, LR = 1.75 (“1816”) described from Su la we si and ad ja cent smaller mm. All ♂♂ (PTs and HT combined, n = 18), averages: Lfw. = 39.72 ± 2.47 mm (min. = 36 mm, max. = 44 mm). AL = 11.25 ± 0.5 mm is lands will follow in the revision. The species ap pa rent ly (max. = 12 mm, min. = 11 mm), LR = 1.88 ± 0.10 mm (min. = all be long to the sub ge nus Eu pte rote (Eu pte ro te), ac cord­ 1.75 mm, max. = 2.0 mm) (n = 4). — ♀♀: both identical data: Lfw. = ing to the pre s ent clas si fi ca tion (com pare Näs sig 1989, 51 mm, AL = 12 mm (n = 2). 1995, 2000, Näs sig & Schul ze 2007). ♂. Antenna bipectinate (both rami per segment ven tral ly inserting, covered with tiny hairs), shaft densely scaled Eupterote­(Eupterote)­celebica sp. n. on dorsal side, scales usu al ly flatly adhering; with some Holotype: ♂, “Indonesia, Sulawesi Selatan, Tanah Toraja, speck led pattern: some scales dark, others (the ma jo ri ty) Pu lu Pulu, ca. 1800 m, vii. 1995, leg. einheim. Fänger, ex coll. brighter. S. Nau mann (A)”; in coll. CWAN in SMFL, GP­no. 2133/10 WAN, SMFL­no. 4264. Fig. 1. Wing pattern quite variable, in yellowish to brownish Paratypes (in total 17 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀): Sulawesi: 8 ♂♂, same data to nes, with more or less strong contrast between the dif­ as HT, 1 GP 1414/00 WAN (Figs. 4, 6, 7); 1 ♂, same data, fer ent pattern elements, with only two different colours 1200 m, v. 1996, leg. local collectors, via U. Pauk stadt; 1 ♂, or several colours (see colour pictures, Figs. 1–7). Se la tan, Kalewakan, iv. 1996, leg. local col lec tors, via U. Pauk­ stadt, GP 1413/00 WAN; 1 ♂, Selatan, Sam puna, ca. 1000 m, v. 1996, leg. local collectors, via U. Pauk stadt (Fig. 5); 3 ♂♂ (Fig. 3), 1 ♀ (Fig. 8), Gren ze Süd­/Zen tral­ [sic], Gunung Sampuraga, ca. 500 m Stich stra ße zur Telecomstation, ca.
Recommended publications
  • The Mcguire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity
    Supplemental Information All specimens used within this study are housed in: the McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity (MGCL) at the Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, USA (FLMNH); the University of Maryland, College Park, USA (UMD); the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle in Paris, France (MNHN); and the Australian National Insect Collection in Canberra, Australia (ANIC). Methods DNA extraction protocol of dried museum specimens (detailed instructions) Prior to tissue sampling, dried (pinned or papered) specimens were assigned MGCL barcodes, photographed, and their labels digitized. Abdomens were then removed using sterile forceps, cleaned with 100% ethanol between each sample, and the remaining specimens were returned to their respective trays within the MGCL collections. Abdomens were placed in 1.5 mL microcentrifuge tubes with the apex of the abdomen in the conical end of the tube. For larger abdomens, 5 mL microcentrifuge tubes or larger were utilized. A solution of proteinase K (Qiagen Cat #19133) and genomic lysis buffer (OmniPrep Genomic DNA Extraction Kit) in a 1:50 ratio was added to each abdomen containing tube, sufficient to cover the abdomen (typically either 300 µL or 500 µL) - similar to the concept used in Hundsdoerfer & Kitching (1). Ratios of 1:10 and 1:25 were utilized for low quality or rare specimens. Low quality specimens were defined as having little visible tissue inside of the abdomen, mold/fungi growth, or smell of bacterial decay. Samples were incubated overnight (12-18 hours) in a dry air oven at 56°C. Importantly, we also adjusted the ratio depending on the tissue type, i.e., increasing the ratio for particularly large or egg-containing abdomens.
    [Show full text]
  • Lepidoptera: Eupterotidae) 205-208 Nachr
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo Jahr/Year: 2009 Band/Volume: 30 Autor(en)/Author(s): Nässig Wolfgang A., Bouyer Thierry Artikel/Article: A new Pseudojana species from Flores, Indonesia (Lepidoptera: Eupterotidae) 205-208 Nachr. entomol. Ver. Apollo, N. F. 30 (4): 205–208 (2010) 205 A new Pseudojana species from Flores, Indonesia (Lepidoptera: Eupterotidae) Wolfgang A. Nässig 1 and Thierry Bouyer Dr. Wolfgang A. Nässig, Entomologie II, Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Senckenberganlage 25, D­60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; [email protected] Thierry Bouyer, Rue Genot 57, B­4032 Chênée, Belgium; [email protected] Abstract: A new species of the genus Pseudojana Hamp son, The taxonomy of the Eupterotidae remains largely un re­ 1893 from the Indonesian island of Flores is descri bed: Pseu­ solved. Recent studies have clarified the nomen cla ture dojana floresina sp. n. (male holotype in Senck en berg­Mu­ of the family (Nässig & Oberprieler 2007) and of the se um Frankfurt am Main, Germany). The species, one of the easternmost representatives of the genus in the In do ne­ 53 currently recognised genera (Näs sig & Ober prie ler si an archipelago, is rather bright in ground colour but with 2008) and have begun to address the com po si tion of a well­developed dark pattern. Main diagnostic dif ferences natural groups (subfamilies) in the fa mi ly (Ober prieler are found in the com para tive ly small male geni talia. et al. 2003) and their rela tion ships (Zwick 2008).
    [Show full text]
  • What's Been Happening in Our Containment Facility? the Old and The
    56 Session 1 Pre-Release Testing of Weed Biological Control Agents What’s Been Happening in Our Containment Facility? The Old and the New A. H. Gourlay Landcare Research, P.O. Box 40, Lincoln, New Zealand [email protected] Abstract Landcare Research, formerly Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR), has worked on the biological control of weeds for the past 90 years. During this time 63 species of insects have been imported into our containment facility for re-phasing, host testing, pathogen screening and rearing before being released into the New Zealand environment. Some species were imported and not released for various reasons. These included, inherent diseases, population collapse in containment, used for experiments only, regulations allowing host testing only. Table 1 (See the URL below) shows which species have been assessed for establishment, which species were tested for diseases and those which tested positive. Additionally, the table shows which importations were approved for release, when and by which authority, and which importations were never released. Families of insects introduced into our quarantine facility: Acari = 2, Chrysomelidae = 16, Curculionidae = 9, Tephritidae = 5, Tenthredinidae = 2, Pyrallidae = 3, Oecophoridae = 3, Tortricidae = 3, Nymphalidae = 2, Scythrididae = 2, Tingidae = 2, Cerambycidae=1, Psyllidae = 1, Agromyzidae = 1, Syrphidae = 2, Cecidimyiidae = 2, Bruchidae = 1, Eupterotidae=1, Crambidae =1, Cynipidae =1, Pteriophoridae =2, Arctiidae =1, Cosmopterigidae =1 Parts of the plant targeted for attack by these potential biological control agents were: stems, 15; leaves, 30; roots, eight; and flowers, one. Nine insect species were released to attack seeds. Six seed-feeding agents, three root feeders, one stem feeder and four foliage feeders, were shown to have an impact on the target plant either in the laboratory or in the field.
    [Show full text]
  • Interesting Early Stages of Some Sri Lankan Moths Typical Moth Life Cycle
    Interesting early stages of some Sri Lankan Moths Typical Moth Life Cycle A Cocoon is a casing of spun silk produced by many insects to form a protective covering for the Pupa. Many Moth Caterpillars for example produce silk cocoons. Cocoons can be of various types, from hard to soft, with various colours dependent on the species involved. Wingless Females Some female moths of the Subfamily Lymantriinae are flightless. Male Female Orgyia sp. Lymantria sp. Life Cycle of Lymantria ampla Life cycle of Fir tussock moth (Orgyia detrita) Ant-mimic Moth caterpillars • Caterpillars in the moth genus, Homodes Guenée have been documented to be closely associated with weaver ants, as well as resembling them in terms of morphology and behaviour (Shelford, 1902, 1916; Kalshoven, 1961; Common, 1990; Holloway, 2005). In Sri Lanka, at least three species have been previously recorded • Homodes fulva • Homodes crocea Homodes crocea • Homodes vivida Dorsal (a) and posterior (b) views of the raised rear end of the caterpillar, Lobster Moth (Stauropus alternus) • First instar larva is a very good ant mimic both in appearance and behaviour • Resting posture of its mid instar look like an irregularly curved, dead leaf. • This resemblance to dried or dead leaf debris is certainly applicable to the later instars as well. Bagworms (Psychidae) • The bagworm family (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) includes approximately 1000 species, all of which complete larval development within a self enclosing bag. • In Sri Lanka 23 species have been recorded in this family • Some bagworms are specialized in their host plants (monophagous) , while others can feed on a variety of plant species (polyphagous) Eumeta variegata • A bagworm begins to build its case as soon as it hatches.
    [Show full text]
  • Faunal Diversity of Ajmer Aravalis Lepidoptera Moths
    IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS) e-ISSN:2278-3008, p-ISSN:2319-7676. Volume 11, Issue 5 Ver. I (Sep. - Oct.2016), PP 01-04 www.iosrjournals.org Faunal Diversity of Ajmer Aravalis Lepidoptera Moths Dr Rashmi Sharma Dept. Of Zoology, SPC GCA, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India Abstract: Ajmer is located in the center of Rajasthan (INDIA) between 25 0 38 “ and 26 0 58 “ North 75 0 22” East longitude covering a geographical area of about 8481sq .km hemmed in all sides by Aravalli hills . About 7 miles from the city is Pushkar Lake created by the touch of Lord Brahma. The Dargah of khawaja Moinuddin chisti is holiest shrine next to Mecca in the world. Ajmer is abode of certain flora and fauna that are particularly endemic to semi-arid and are specially adapted to survive in the dry waterless region of the state. Lepidoptera integument covered with scales forming colored patterns. Availability of moths were more during the nights and population seemed to be Confined to the light areas. Moths are insects with 2 pair of broad wings covered with microscopic scales drably coloured and held flat when at rest. They do not have clubbed antennae. They are nocturnal. Atlas moth is the biggest moth. Keywords: Ajmer, Faunal diversity, Lepidoptera, Moths, Aravalis. I. Introduction Ajmer is located in the center of Rajasthan (INDIA) between 25 0 38 “ and 26 0 58 “ North Latitude and 73 0 54 “ and 75 0 22” East longitude covering a geographical area of about 8481sq km hemmed in all sides by Aravalli hills .
    [Show full text]
  • Contribution of Museums, Census, Mapping, High Resolution Photographs and Audio-Recording to the Extinction of Endangered Species
    International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 8, Issue 1, January 2018 288 ISSN 2250-3153 Contribution of museums, census, mapping, high resolution photographs and audio-recording to the extinction of endangered species Kavita Taneja and *Geetanjali Dhawan Department of Zoology, D.B.G.Government College, Panipat-132103 *Department of Zoology, Arya P.G College, Panipat-132103 Abstract- To cope with extinction crisis, museums have a risk but in the present study the endangered species have been crucial role to play in preserving the life of every possible categorised as very likely to become extinct. individual. Museum collections provide essential verifiable evidence of species occurrence over time and space and thus Why so many techniques are studied? permit rigorous taxonomic, biological and ecological Because of simplicity of these techniques one or two are investigations. Two of the basic tasks required for census are not enough to combat this worldwide problem. In certain gathering data on presence and abundance. By placing stickers instances, an admixture of two or three are required to justify on the wing of insect with identification information, migration specific goal. patterns of insect including how far and where they fly is studied. Using mapping and visualization tools, endangered species and What is extinction? their vital habitats are protected. A new computer technology i.e. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the remote monitoring of wildlife sounds is used to listen multiple death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity bird sounds. Thus, sound changes due to habitat loss or climate to breed and recover may have been lost before this point.
    [Show full text]
  • Rachita Genitalial Morphology 1451
    CASE REPORT ZOOS' PRINT JOURNAL 21(8): 2343-2346 GENITALIAL MORPHOLOGY OF SOME EUPTEROTIDAE (LEPIDOPTERA) FROM SHIVALIKS IN INDIA Rachita Sood ¹, H.S. Rose ² and P.C. Pathania ³ ¹,² Department of Zoology, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab 147002, India ³ Division of Entomology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India Email: ³ [email protected] (corresponding author) ABSTRACT Description of external genitalia of species studied External genitalial morphology of five species of Eupterotidae namely, Apona cashmirensis Kollar, Eupterote undata Apona Walker Blanchard, Eupterote assimilis Moore, Eupterote fraterna Moore, and Eupterote decorata Moore were studied and a Apona Walker, 1856, List Specimens Lepid. Insects Colln. Br. key for their identification is presented in this paper. Mus., 7 : 1762. KEYWORDS Type species: Apona pallida Walker, 1856, ibidem, 7 : 1763, by Eupterotidae, genitalia, India, key, Lepidoptera. monotypy. Holloway (1987) mentions Eupteroidea as a small but most Apona cashmirensis Kollar diverse tropical group of moths in Africa and the Oriental region. Apona cashmirensis Kollar, 1848, In Hügel Kashmir, 4 : 472, Moths belonging to this superfamily are characterized by the pl. 21, fig. 4. forewings possessing a series of indistinct waved lines (fasciations), out of which the double postmedial may be Material examined consistent. The hindwings too have such patterns which may Two males, 25.vii.2000, Nangal, Roopnagar District, Punjab, be somewhat reduced and simple. All the fasciations may be 370m, coll. Rachita Sood & P.C. Pathania clear or none may be clear, even in the specimens collected from the same locality (Hampson, 1892). During the course of Distribution the present study, a phenon comprising of 14 individuals were North-West Himalayas and Sikkim (Hampson, 1892).
    [Show full text]
  • Original Research Paper Commerce Zoology Moths (Lepidoptera) of A.V.C College and Adjoining Areas, Mannampandal: an Initial Chec
    Volume-5, Issue-9, September- 2016 • ISSN No 2277 - 8160 IF : 3.62 | IC Value 70.36 Commerce Original Research Paper Zoology Moths (Lepidoptera) of A.V.C College and Adjoining Areas, Mannampandal: an Initial Checklist Subhasish P.G. and Research Department of Wildlife Biology, A.V.C. College (Autonomous) Mannampandal, Mayiladuthurai 609305, Tamil Nadu Arandhara (India) ABSTRACT Moths are diverse group of insects belonging to the order Lepidoptera and regarded as one of the indicators of a healthy environment. This study deals with the first documentation on the moth species of A.V.C. College campus and its adjoining areas of Mannampandal in Mayiladuthurai, Tamil Nadu. The study was carried out from July 2015 to April 2016, surveying areas mostly in the college campus, human settlements and agricultural lands. The survey examined the light illuminated walls of the College campus where moths accumulated during the evening hours. Light trapping equipped with 18w UV-Actinic tube was also used to record moths from nearby agricultural lands. In total, the study identified 134 individuals of moths belonging to 76 species, 55 genera falling under 12 families. The genera Cyana represented the highest number of species, followed by Agathia and Asota with 7, 4 and 4 species each respectively belonging to Erebidae: Lithosiinae, Geometridae: Geometrinae, Erebidae: Aganainae (Family: Subfamily) respectively. The most commonly occurred species was Scirpophaga incertulas, followed by Aegocera venulia, Glyphodes bivatralis, with 20, 14 and 11 individuals respectively. KEYWORDS : A.V.C College Campus, Lepidoptera, Inventory, Moths A.V.C College Campus and its adjoining areas of Mannampandal is a temperature, weather conditions, altitudinal gradient, and the type agro-based village located in Mayiladuthurai town of the South In- of methods implemented.
    [Show full text]
  • Sapium Sebiferum Triadica Sebifera Chinese Tallow Tree
    Sapium sebiferum Triadica sebifera Chinese tallow tree Introduction The genus Sapium consists of approximately 120 species worldwide. Members of the genus occur primarily in tropical regions, especially in South America. Nine species occur in the low hills of southeastern and southwestern China[16]. Taxonomy Order: Geraniales Suborder: Euphorbiineae Species of Sapium in China Family: Euphorbiaceae Scientific Name Scientific Name Subfamily: Euphorbioideae S. sebiferum (L.) Roxb. S. insigne (Royle) Benth. ex Hook. f. Tribe: Hippomaneae Reichb. Genus: Sapium P. Br. S. atrobadiomaculatum Metcalf S. japonicum (Sieb. et Zucc.) Pax et Section: Triadica (Lour.) Muell. S. baccatum Roxb. Hoffm.(Sieb.) Arg S. chihsinianum S. K. Lee S. pleiocarpum Y. C. Tseng Species: Sapium sebiferum (L.) Roxb. S. discolor (Champ. ex Benth.) (=Triadica sebifera (L.) Small) S. rotundifolium Hemsl. Muell. Arg. Description Sapium sebiferum is a deciduous tree The petiole is slender, 2.5-6 cm long, the inflorescence. The female flower is that can reach 15 m in height. Most bearing 2 glands in the terminal. The borne on the pedicel, which is 2-4 mm parts of the plant are glabrous. The bark stem contains a milky, poisonous sap. long with 2 kidney-shaped glands in is gray to whitish-gray with vertical Flowers are monoecious, without petals the base. The flowers appear from April cracks. The alternate leaves are broad or flower discs, arranged as terminal through August. Fruits are pear-shaped rhombic to ovate 3-8 cm long and 3-8 spikes. The slender male flowers have globular capsules 1-1.5 cm in diameter. cm wide, entire margin, and a cordate- a 3-lobed cuplike calyx and 2 stamens Each fruit contains 3 black seeds that acuminate apex and a rounded base.
    [Show full text]
  • N Experimental Hybridisation of P
    N achrichten des E ntomologischen V ereins A pollo 177 Schurian, K. G., Westenberger, A., Diringer, Y., & Wiemers M.: Contribution to the biology, ecology and taxonomy of Polyommatus (Lysandra) coridon nufrellensis (Schurian, 1977) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), Part II: An experimental hybridisation of P. (L.) c. gennargenti × P. (L.) c. nufrellensis 187 Nässig, W. A., & Treadaway C. G.: Revisional notes on the luzonica-group of the genus Cricula, with the description of new taxa from Panay and Mindoro (Philippines) (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) 197 Nässig, W. A., Holloway, J. D., & Beeke, M.: Description of a new species of Eupterote (Eupterote) from Sulawesi (Indonesia) (Lepidoptera: Eupterotidae) 201 Page, M. G. P., & Treadaway, C. G.: New subspecies of Papilionidae from South-east Asia (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) 206 Entomologische Notiz: van der Heyden, T.: Bemerkungen zum Territorialverhalten von Vanessa atalanta Linnaeus, 1758 auf der Hallig Hooge (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Nymphalinae) 207 Fischer, H.: Adixoa pyromacula sp. n., eine neue Sesiide aus Thailand (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae, Paranthrenini) 209 Entomologische Notiz: Schurian, K. G.: Die Generationenzahl von Cupido (Everes) argiades (Pallas, 1771) in Hessen 2010 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) 211 de Freina, J. J.: Vier neue Sesiiden und eine unbestimmte Homogyna-Art aus dem südlichen Afrika (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae: Osminiini, Sesiini) 219 Lechner, K.: Some new and remarkable records of moths from Thailand (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Noctuidae, Notodontidae) 227 Lane, D., Moulds, M. S., & Tuttle, J. P.: A new species of Psilogramma Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 from northern Australia (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) 231 Pühringer, F., & Sáfián, S.: Two new species of Sesiini from Ghana, with description of a new genus (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae, Sesiinae, Sesiini) 235 Personalia: Nachträge zur Bibliographie von Claude Lemaire 236 Corrigenda: To: Naumann, S., & Nässig, W.
    [Show full text]
  • Steinernema Glaseri Against the Moringa Hairy Caterpillar, Eupterote Mollifera
    04 Subramanian_149 22-12-2005 15:21 Pagina 149 Nematol. medit. (2005), 33: 149-155 149 1THE INFECTIVITY OF THE ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODE, STEINERNEMA GLASERI AGAINST THE MORINGA HAIRY CATERPILLAR, EUPTEROTE MOLLIFERA S. Subramanian¥, R. Parthasarathy¥, R.J. Rabindra#, N. Sathiah¥ and S. Rajagopal Babu¥ ¥ Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003, India # Project Directorate of Biological Control (ICAR), Bangalore-560 025, India Summary. The entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema glaseri was tested against the Moringa hairy caterpillar, Eupterote mol- lifera in laboratory investigations. It was highly effective against third, fourth and fifth instars of E. mollifera with LC50 and LT50 in the range of 16.5-24.1 infective juveniles (IJ) per larva and 50.3-69.7 h, respectively. The mortality rate decreased with increase in age of the larvae. Penetration of IJ was less in E. mollifera larvae (18-56%) than in Galleria mellonella larvae (45-85%) but pene- tration of both species differed significantly with the number of IJ applied and the age of the larvae. The yield of IJ per larva was significantly less (0.11-0.21 × 105 per g of larva) in E. mollifera than in G. mellonella (2.75-3.87 × 105 per g of larva). Spray applica- tion of IJ of S. glaseri at a concentration of 1000 IJ per 10 ml was found to be effective, with a mortality of 83.3% of fourth instar larvae of E. mollifera. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) belonging to and soap industry (Ramachandran et al., 1980; Nautiyal the family Steinernematidae have been recognized as ef- and Venkataraman, 1987), tender shoots, buds, flowers fective insect control agents (Poinar, 1990).
    [Show full text]
  • Lepidoptera) of Vietnam
    HỘI NGHỊ KHOA HỌC TOÀN QUỐC VỀ SINH THÁI VÀ TÀI NGUYÊN SINH VẬT LẦN THỨ 4 A PRELIMINARY LIST OF THE EUPTEROTIDAE (LEPIDOPTERA) OF VIETNAM SERGEY N. PUGAEV Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University TRAN THIEU DU Institute of Ecology and Biological Resource The family Eupterotidae contains about 60 genera, the majority of them occurring in the tropics. The classification and phylogeny of the group remains inadequately studied, and the family has never been properly and fully catalogued, having been omitted from Junk’s Lepidopterorum Catalogus. Only Forbes (1955) published a systematic checklist of the world genera, which is somewhat incomplete and now partly out of date, and Nässig & Oberprieler (2008) produced a modern catalogue based on original point of view on score of most genera. They also clarified the nomenclature of the family-group names in Eupterotidae (Nässig & Oberprieler 2007), and this catalogue was used with changes for preparing of the present paper. The first species of the Eupterotidae described from Vietnam was Pseudojana vitalisi Candèze, 1927 that pointed from Indochina. The generic attribution was obviousely wrong but the type of the species has not been found so far and tentavily the taxon is placed into the genus Eupterote Hübner,1820. To date, no one work was devoted specially to Vietnamese Eupterotidae, and only in the articles of L. Candèze (1927), J. de Joannis (1929) and A. Lemée (1950) we found information and short lists of species mostly faulty identified. Some species were listed recently by vietnamese colleagues as defoliators: Plant Protection Research Institute (1976) and Tran Thieu Du (2009).
    [Show full text]