DOCSLIB.ORG

Contents from the Editor

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Volume 15 Spring 2009 No.2 OSTA 2009 Annual Conference Contents From the Editor . 1 The conference will be held at the Sky Ute Resort in Ignacio, CO, June President’s Corner . 3 6-7, 2009. The schedule includes a meeting of the OSTA board on June Articles 5, symposium speakers, the annual OSTA membership business meeting, Sheep Trade in New Mexico and a banquet with entertainment on June 6, and field trips to local historic (Baxter) . .5 sites on June 7. OSTA’s Colorado Director Pat Fluck is coordinating the Sabanilla Weaving and Colcha event, with assistance from James Jefferson of the Southern Ute Nation. For Stitching conference schedule, see pages 34-35. (Henderson) . 16 Spanish Trail Treasure (S. A. Matheson) . 20 From the Editor Establishment of the Old Spanish Trail Park in Las Vegas First, some good news. The Old Spanish Trail Park in Las Vegas was (Saines) . .36 officially dedicated this past November. Nevada Director Nick Saines’ News from the Trail article on page 36 gives the details. Congratulations, Nick! OSTA has Favorite OST Photos . 18 also received a request for Trail photos from National Geographic Books Chapter Reports . .26 for their upcoming book, Complete National Parks, which will include Traces Survey . 31 many National Historic Trails. Finally, I have contacted the producer of OSTA Contributions & Taxes . 33 a long-running California Public Broadcasting program, “Huell Howser’s Rituals & Societies, Taos Library 33 Road Trip,” about highlighting the OST. He said Mr. Howser was very Conference Schedule . 34 interested in doing a program on the OST and asked if we could suggest Reviews five to six stops on the Trail in California for him to visit. With Doug Pueblo, Hardscrabble, Knudson’s help, I suggested starting in Tecopa, and moving on to Barstow, Greenhorn . 12 Agua Mansa in Colton, the Workman and Temple Museum in the City of The Taos Trappers . 13 Industry, Mission San Gabriel, and the Los Angeles Plaza. Hopefully, the The Southwest Expedition Old Spanish Trail will soon come to life on PBS. of Jedediah S. Smith. .13 (Youker) Recently I was flying from Sacramento to Denver. I had chosen a window Old Spanish Trail seat on the right side of the plane so I could look south to see if I could Symphony . .14 identify any geographic landmarks of the Old Spanish Trail. Nevada’s (A. Matheson) continued on page 30 Spring 2009 Spanish Traces 1 THE OLD SPANISH TRAIL ASSOCIATION OSTA Board of The Old Spanish Trail (OST), one of America’s long distance pioneer Directors 2009 trade routes, is our country’s fifteenth National Historic Trail. From PRESIDENT : 1829 to 1848, traders and pack mules took the OST on a six-week trek Douglas Knudson from northern New Mexico to Southern California, where woolen goods 89 Fir Drive South Fork, CO 81154 from New Mexico were swapped for horses and pack stock raised on 719-873-5239 California’s ranchos. Many took the trail – traders, frontiersmen and [email protected] trappers, a handful of hardy families moving west, military expeditions, VICE -PRESIDENT : V ACANT and Indian guides. SECRETARY : Judy Knudson 89 Fir Drive The mission of the Old Spanish Trail Association (OSTA) is to study, South Fork, CO 81154 719-873-5239 preserve, protect, interpret, and promote appropriate use of the Old [email protected] Spanish National Historic Trail (OSNHT). OSTA promotes public TREASURER : awareness of the OST and its multicultural heritage through publications, Mark Franklin a website, and interpretive activities; by encouraging research; and by 2914 Junction Street Durango, CO 81301 partnering with governments and private organizations. We encourage you 970-375-7992 to join OSTA, help in trail preservation, and help increase appreciation of [email protected] the multicultural heritage of the American Southwest. DIRECTORS : Paul Ostapuk – AZ PO Box 3532 Page, AZ 86040 928-645-2558 Visit the OSTA Website [email protected] http://www.oldspanishtrail.org Cliff Walker – CA 1204 Gen Court The OSTA website is the place to go for both general background and recent Barstow, CA 92311 760-256-5570 news on the OST and OSTA. The site contains maps; an overview history [email protected] of the OST, including a bibliography; a listing of relevant books, with links Patricia Fluck – CO to sites where they can be purchased; and a regularly updated news page, PO Box 389 South Fork, CO 81154 containing links to government reports, activities of the OSTA membership, 719-873-5875 and other news relevant to the trail. The web page also links to NPS and BLM [email protected] webpages, which have further links to public documents and to maps of the Pat Kuhlhoff – NM 14 Duende Rd. OST. Copies of the DVD of the Old Spanish Trail Suite, a CD of back issues Santa Fe, NM 87508 505-466-4877 of Spanish Traces, and several books can all be purchased online from the [email protected] site. Nick Saines – NV 1587 Figueroa Drive Las Vegas, NV 89123 Spanish Traces is the official publication of 702-896-4049 [email protected] the Old Spanish Trail Association, a nonprofit Membership Dues: 501(c)(3) organization, incorporated under the Individual $25/year Leo Lyman – UT laws of the State of Colorado. ST welcomes Family $30/year PO Box 461326 Student $12/year Leeds, UT 84746 submission of letters, articles, book reviews, Institutional $30/year and OST related news. The next deadline for 435-879-2345 Life (single or couple) $250 [email protected] submissions is August 15, 2009. Corporate $100/min Mail your check to: OSTA Membership James Jefferson – Director-at- All matters relating to Spanish Traces should PO Box 1080 Large be directed to the Editor and Publishers: Waxhaw, NC 28173 3258 Highway 172 Durango, CO 81303 Daniel Lewis 970-259-1038 PO Box 108 [email protected] Olney Springs, CO 81062 E-mail: [email protected] 2 Spanish Traces Spring 2009 Chapter Contacts Life member Mark Armijo Chapter (AZ) Henderson resigned the Vice Jim Page Presidency in March when the Page, AZ board of directors did not support 435-675-9112 several procedural motions he [email protected] introduced. La Vereda del Norte Chapter (CO) Cynthia Kienitz has turned Pat Richmond over the Tecopa (CA) Chapter Creede, CO 719-658-2377 presidency to retired industry [email protected] Secretary Judy Knudson & President Douglas executive Jack Prichett. Cynthia Knudson on 50th Anniversary in Rio de continues her leadership as a board Janeiro, Brazil Nevada Chapter (NV) member. Liz Warren Jean, NV President’s Corner The current elections 702-874-1410 OSTA Grows and Changes (deadline May 1) will bring you [email protected] a new president, vice-president, Your dynamic organization secretary, and directors from New North Branch Chapter (CO) Victoria Gipson has grown in its activities that Mexico and Colorado. Grand Junction, CO focus on our four-part mission: 970-257-1302 to study, protect, interpret, and Progress in our mission: [email protected] promote the Old Spanish National Study: 1) Leo Lyman’s Rancho Chapter (CA) Historic Trail. We also had some Research Committee gathers Rick Whitaker changes of personnel. We have a steam. Leo will unveil a summary Newport Beach, CA very interesting annual conference of his strategy at the Ignacio 949-706-2154 coming up in early June, right Conference on June 6. 2) We have [email protected] on the Main Branch of the Old new books related to the trail, Salida del Sol Chapter (NM) Spanish Trail. two of them by OSTA Directors Pat Kuhlhoff C. Walker and E. L. Lyman. 3) Santa Fe, NM Changes: In mid-May, 15 of us will study 505-466-4877 Daniel Lewis is the fifth the home country of William and [email protected] editor of Spanish Traces. Thanks David Workman in NW England, Southern Utah Chapter (UT) to the 60 members who responded with members of our Workman Leo Lyman to Dan’s survey about your Chapter. We’ll bring pictures to Leeds, UT 435-879-2345 preferences. Jon and Deborah Ignacio. [email protected] Lawrence edited, printed, and mailed Traces for four years. They Interpretation/Education: Tecopa Chapter (CA) donated their time, energy, skill, 1) Lloyd Rivera has Jack Prichett Venice, CA and scholarship. We appreciate organized two series of talks in 310-821-7341 their fine work and wish them well Taos, NM. Friends of the Taos [email protected] in semi-retirement. Library sponsored five Saturday Don Mimms, of Pueblo, presentations in November 2008. William Workman Chapter (UK) Colorado, is serving as interim The LEF Foundation funded the William Ramsay Association Manager while a current April-May nine-week Cumbria, England c/o [email protected] search and select committee finds a series on Native American origins replacement for Donald Davidson, of the Old Spanish Trail, through who terminated his contract the SDS Chapter. effective March 31. continued on page 4 Spring 2009 Spanish Traces 3 2) Three National Forests are tribal leaders to take advantage of Upcoming Meetings using annual funding for the this national trail to benefit their OSNHT to develop signage and people and to provide special Santa Fe Trail Rendevous other interpretation in Colorado experiences to trail visitors. 4) A re-enactment of the Mountain and Utah. OSTA’s Interpretation/ Col. A.L. Matheson has agreed to Man Era, Pre-1840, on the Santa Fe Education Committee collaborates lead our efforts to provide maps to Trail with them. 3) You can visit the trail visitors in several forms. June 14-20 large traveling exhibit on the OST Raton, New Mexico at the Anasazi Heritage Center, Annual Conference: cap-n-ball.com/raton/ near Dolores, CO, on your way to “Keeping Alive the or from the Ignacio conference.
Recommended publications
  • An Environmental History of the Middle Rio Grande Basin

    An Environmental History of the Middle Rio Grande Basin

    United States Department of From the Rio to the Sierra: Agriculture Forest Service An Environmental History of Rocky Mountain Research Station the Middle Rio Grande Basin Fort Collins, Colorado 80526 General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-5 Dan Scurlock i Scurlock, Dan. 1998. From the rio to the sierra: An environmental history of the Middle Rio Grande Basin. General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-5. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 440 p. Abstract Various human groups have greatly affected the processes and evolution of Middle Rio Grande Basin ecosystems, especially riparian zones, from A.D. 1540 to the present. Overgrazing, clear-cutting, irrigation farming, fire suppression, intensive hunting, and introduction of exotic plants have combined with droughts and floods to bring about environmental and associated cultural changes in the Basin. As a result of these changes, public laws were passed and agencies created to rectify or mitigate various environmental problems in the region. Although restoration and remedial programs have improved the overall “health” of Basin ecosystems, most old and new environmental problems persist. Keywords: environmental impact, environmental history, historic climate, historic fauna, historic flora, Rio Grande Publisher’s Note The opinions and recommendations expressed in this report are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the USDA Forest Service. Mention of trade names does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the Federal Government. The author withheld diacritical marks from the Spanish words in text for consistency with English punctuation. Publisher Rocky Mountain Research Station Fort Collins, Colorado May 1998 You may order additional copies of this publication by sending your mailing information in label form through one of the following media.
  • 7 Aug-Sep 2018.Pages

    7 Aug-Sep 2018.Pages

    Pike National Historic Trail Association Newsletter Aug/Sep — 2018 Vol. 12 No. 7 The New Pike Website is about to be checked and will soon be launched we trust in October. Our website designer currently is caring for the technical end of her design. The website (www.zebulonpike.org) was created by the Santa Fe Trail Association and given to us 10 years ago. We have altered it somewhat but it focuses basically on Pike’s 2nd Expedition (1806-7) since the Santa Fe Trail Association owned the website for the Pike Bicentennial. The new website has been updated with current information about the Pike National Historic Trail Association. Persons on the Board and State Coordinators, for example, has changed over these 10 years. We have altered our MISSION to include Pike’s a. Early Life, b. 1st (Mississippi River 1805-6) Expedition, and Later Life as well as the 2nd Expedition. A great deal has been added together with Pike Field Maps and modern maps to reflect our Mission. Because smartphones (iPhones and Android) as well as iPads have evolved over the 10 years, our new look website had to be altered to allow for the use of these devices. You will be able to see our website on your smartphone and it will fit on the phone screen. The ability to donate and pay for membership by credit card or PayPal has been also been added. Once the new design and content is checked and approved by us the old website will be taken down and replaced by the new one.
  • Colorado Southern Frontier Historic Context

    Colorado Southern Frontier Historic Context

    607 COLORADO SOUTHERN FRONTIER HISTORIC CONTEXT PLAINS PLATEAU COUNTRY MOUNTAINS SOUTHERN FRONTIER OFFICE OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION COLORADO HISTORICAL SOCIETY COLORADO SOUTHERN FRONTIER HISTORIC CONTEXT CARROL JOE CARTER STEVEN F. MEHLS © 1984 COLORADO HISTORICAL SOCIETY FACSIMILE EDITION 2006 OFFICE OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION COLORADO HISTORICAL SOCIETY 1300 BROADWAY DENVER, CO 80203 The activity which is the subject of this material has been financed in part with Federal funds from the National Historic Preservation Act, administered by the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior and for the Colorado Historical Society. However, the contents and opinions do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of the Interior or the Society, nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute an endorsement or recommendation by the Department of the Interior or the Society. This program receives Federal funds from the National Park Service. Regulations of the U.S. Department of the Interior strictly prohibit unlawful discrimination in departmental Federally assisted programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, age or handicap. Any person who believes he or she has been discriminated against in any program, activity, or facility operated by a recipient of Federal assistance should write to: Director, Equal Opportunity Program, U.S. Department of the Interior, 1849 C Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20240. This is a facsimile edition of the original 1984 publication. Text and graphics are those of the original edition. CONTENTS SOUTHERN FRONTIER Page no. 1. Spanish Dominance (1664-1822) .• II-1 2. Trading �nd Trapping (1803-1880) .
  • The Culebra River Villages of Costilla County, Colorado

    The Culebra River Villages of Costilla County, Colorado

    NPS Form 10-900-b ,$$.»,- term/en «*, » ITO No. 1024-0018 (Revised March 1992) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form This form is used for documenting multiple property groups relating to one or several historic contexts. See instructions in How to Complete the Multiple Property Documentation Form (National Register Bulletin 16B). Complete each item by entering the requested information. For additional space, use continuation sheets (Form 10-900-a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer, to complete all items. X New Submission Amended Submission A. Name of Multiple Property Listing The Culebra River Villages of Costilla County, Colorado B. Associated Historic Contexts (Name each associated historic context, identifying theme, geographical area, and chronological period for each.) The Culebra River Villages of Costilla County: Village Architecture and Its Historical Context, 1851-1964. C. Form Prepared by name/title Maria Mondragon-Valdez______________________________ organization Valdez & Associates date June 1. 2000 street & number Rt. 1 Box 3-A telephone 719-672-3678 city or town San Luis state Colorado zip code 81152_____ D. Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966,1 hereby certify that this documentation form meets the National Register documentation standards and sets forth requirements for listing of related properties consistent with the National Register criteria. This submission meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60 and the Secretary of the Interior's Standards and Guidelines for Archaeology and Historic Preservation. (See continuation sheet for additional comments [ ].) t^^jL*^J^LJ/W4^G<^ <^V^l^'L£^ ZC^.
  • Railroad Conflicts in Colorado in the 'Eighties*

    Railroad Conflicts in Colorado in the 'Eighties*

    Railroad Conflicts in Colorado in the 'Eighties* .WILLIAM S. JACKSON This year of 1945 marks the 75th anniversary of the coming of the first railroads to Denver and Colorado-the Denver Pacific and the Kansas Pacific-now both part of the Union Pacific system. It also marks the 75th anniversary of the founding of the Denver & Rio Grande Railway Company, which has been so interestingly celebrated this fall. References were made to the beginnings of the three railroad systems that located their lines in Colorado in the 'seventies and that have surYived to this day: the Union Pacific, the Denver & Rio Grande, and the Atchison, Topeka & Santa F'e, in the order named. The railroads in Colorado seem almost consciously to have written their two opening chapters by even decades. Their first conveniently began with a new calendar decade in 1870. And to celebrate the close of that first ten year period, the Denyer & Rio Grande and the Santa Fe, after their lines had met at Pueblo, staged the famous battle for possession of the Royal Gorge which involved armed warfare as well as two years of bitter litigation in both federal and state courts. The story of this contest is a chapter in itself.1 Its historical importance is in the fact that it deflected the Denver & Rio Grande from its southward course to Mexico City westward into the mountain country, and the Santa Fe in turn gave up its attempt to follow the Arkansas River above Canon City aud turned its line southwestward. Those two rail­ roads thereupon entered into their first tri-partite agreement with the Union Pacific, and the reader may be left with the impression *This is the address that was given by Justice Jackson of the Colorado Supreme Court at the Annual Meeting of the State Historical Society, December 11, 1945.-Ed.
  • NPS Form 10 900-B

    NPS Form 10 900-B

    NPS Form 10-900-b (Rev. 01/2009) OMB No. 1024-0018 (Expires 5/31/2012) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service DRAFT 8/31/2012 National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form This form is used for documenting property groups relating to one or several historic contexts. See instructions in National Register Bulletin How to Complete the Multiple Property Documentation Form (formerly 16B). Complete each item by entering the requested information. For additional space, use continuation sheets (Form 10-900-a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer to complete all items New Submission X Amended Submission A. Name of Multiple Property Listing Historic Resources of the Santa Fe Trail B. Associated Historic Contexts (Name each associated historic context, identifying theme, geographical area, and chronological period for each.) I. The Santa Fe Trail II. Individual States and the Santa Fe Trail A. International Trade on the Mexican Road, 1821-1846 A. The Santa Fe Trail in Missouri B. The Mexican-American War and the Santa Fe Trail, 1846-1848 B. The Santa Fe Trail in Kansas C. Expanding National Trade on the Santa Fe Trail, 1848-1861 C. The Santa Fe Trail in Oklahoma D. The Effects of the Civil War on the Santa Fe Trail, 1861-1865 D. The Santa Fe Trail in Colorado E. The Santa Fe Trail and the Railroad, 1865-1880 E. The Santa Fe Trail in New Mexico F. Commemoration and Reuse of the Santa Fe Trail, 1880-1987 C. Form Prepared by name/title KSHS Staff, amended submission; URBANA Group, original submission organization Kansas State Historical Society date Spring 2012 street & number 6425 SW 6th Ave.
  • RARE and ENDANGERED SPECIES; the RIO GRANDE TROUT (Seim° Clarkii Virrinalis)

    RARE and ENDANGERED SPECIES; the RIO GRANDE TROUT (Seim° Clarkii Virrinalis)

    RARE AND ENDANGERED SPECIES; THE RIO GRANDE TROUT (Seim° clarkii virRinalis) Robert Behnke Colorado Cooperative Fishery Unit Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado January, 1967 Introduction The cutthroat trout native to the Rio Grande River basin, is listed as endangered by the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife. So little is known about this trout regarding original distribution, taxonomy, or its present status, that perhaps the category "status unknown" would be more appropriate. Evermann and Kendall (1895) reviewed the scattered bits of information on the Rio Grande trout and concluded; "The distribution of the trout of the Rio Grande basin furnishes very interesting and proper subject for investigation." No such investigation has yet been attempted. Virtually the whole taxonomic foundation of this trout found in pre- sent day keys and check lists can be traced to the comments of Jordan (1891), who examined two specimens from the Rio Grande at Del Norte, Colorado, in 1889. The original distribution, characters distinguishing it from other cutthroat trout, and variability of populations is not known. Drastic en- vironment changes wrought by the use and misuse of water; the introduction of exotic fish species, particularly rainbow trout and other subspecies of cutthroat trout which hybridize with the native trout, make an evalua- tion of the present status of the Rio Grande trout 4 difficult task. Relatively few specimens of native Rio Grande trout were collected and permanently preserved in museum collections, and these were from a rather -2- restricted geographical area. Thus, there is little available material representing the original Rio Grande trout for comparative taxonomic studies.
  • Neoparrya Lithophila Mathias (Bill’S Neoparrya): a Technical Conservation Assessment

    Neoparrya Lithophila Mathias (Bill’S Neoparrya): a Technical Conservation Assessment

    Neoparrya lithophila Mathias (Bill’s neoparrya): A Technical Conservation Assessment Prepared for the USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region, Species Conservation Project November 8, 2004 David G. Anderson Colorado Natural Heritage Program 8002 Campus Delivery — Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO 80523 Peer Review Administered by Center for Plant Conservation Anderson, D.G. (2004, November 8). Neoparrya lithophila Mathias (Bill’s neoparrya): a technical conservation assessment. [Online]. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region. Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/r2/ projects/scp/assessments/neoparryalithophila.pdf [date of access]. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The information in this report draws from the specimens and collection label information resources of the Rocky Mountain Herbarium (RM), the Colorado State Herbarium (CS), the University of Colorado Herbarium (UC), and the University of New Mexico (UNM), plus the information resources compiled and analyzed by Colorado Natural Heritage Program, New Mexico Natural Heritage Program, and Wyoming Natural Diversity Database. David Anderson and Michael Menefee provided the Colorado Natural Heritage Program records; Phil Tonne provided the New Mexico Natural Heritage Program records; Walter Fertig (previously with Wyoming Natural Diversity Database) and Robert Dorn provided the framework and greatly advanced the interpretation of species’ status in Wyoming. Maggie Marston (Pawnee National Grassland) and Bill Jennings provided insights into Colorado populations. Robert Dorn and Val Grant provided unpublished information from recent BioResources, Inc. surveys in and adjoining Pawnee National Grassland. Steve Popovich (Arapaho-Roosevelt National Forest), Maggie Marston, Beth Burkhart (USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Region), Susan Spackman (Colorado Natural Heritage Program), Richard Spellenberg (New Mexico State University), and Katherine Darrow provided valuable reviews.
  • Railroads of the San Luis Valley

    Railroads of the San Luis Valley

    New Mexico Geological Society Guidebook, 35th Field Conference. Rio Grande Rift: Northern New Mexico, 1984 297 RAILROADS OF THE SAN LUIS VALLEY ALLEN L. BOWMAN Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545 The Denver and Rio Grande Railway (D&RG) pushed its 3-foot- indebtedness of the Railway Company soon outstripped its earning gauge track over La Veta pass in the spring of 1877, reaching the new capacity. The first default on bond interest payments occurred in 1877 town of Alamosa on July 10, 1878 (Athearn, 1962). The isolated res- (Athearn, 1962). Another lucrative source of profit came from the idents of the San Luis Valley (Fig. 1) could now travel the 130 miles practice of creating new towns on the railroad, on land conveniently to Pueblo in eight hours, or 250 miles to Denver in only 14 hours owned by Palmer's group. These townsites were then sold as town lots (Anderson, 1963, p. 405). More significantly, the convenience of rail to businessmen wishing to benefit from the new railroad. If a town transportation quickly made Alamosa the business and mercantile center of the San Luis Valley, a position that it still holds today. The position of Alamosa at end-of-track also made it the terminus for stage lines and wagon freight to the mining districts of the San Juan Mountains, supplanting the previous terminal towns of Garland City (4 miles east of Fort Garland) and La Veta. The railroad moved on to Chama in 1880, to Durango in 1881, and to Silverton in 1882, but the growth of the San Luis Valley was sufficient to support Alamosa, while Garland City became a ghost town and La Veta became a small farm and ranch center (Athearn, 1962).
  • COLORADO MAGAZINE Published Bi-Monthly by the State H Lstorical Society of Colorado

    COLORADO MAGAZINE Published Bi-Monthly by the State H Lstorical Society of Colorado

    THE COLORADO MAGAZINE Published bi-monthly by The State H lstorical Society of Colorado Vol. XIV Denver, Colo., May, 1937 No. 3 The Spanish Fort in Colorado, 1819 CIIAU:N"CEY TIIOMAS* There is abundant eYidence concerning the fort the Spaniards from Santa Fe built to the northeast of Sangre de Cristo Pass in Colorado in 1819, and of the successful raid the Grand Pawnee Indians of l.Joup Fork (eastern :N"ebraska now) made against the Spaniards at the base of the Rocky :Mountains that same year, but the long wanted link connecting these two events is so far missing. It may yet come to light in the Spanish records in Santa Fe or in Spain, showing that the fight the Pawnees bad, and the fight that no doubt caused the abandoning of the Spanish fort, were the same battle. As things now stand all that is claimed here is a version of the Scotch verdict-" Probable but not proven." Spain, jealous of her colonial empire, was ever alert to ward off foreign invasion. Z. l\L Pike and other Americans had come unbidden to ::\Tew Mexico in the first years of the nineteenth cen­ tury and the ever-watchful Spaniards had become alarmed. An unidentified foreigner visited :Ne'' Mexico and wrote a report of the resources of the region and of the routes of possible invasion. These notes fell into the hands of Viceroy Venadito, who immediately ordered fortification of the vulnerable points of entry. One of these points was Sangre de Cristo Pass, in present southern Colorado.
  • All Hail the Denver Pacific: Denver's First Railroad

    All Hail the Denver Pacific: Denver's First Railroad

    All Hail the Denver Pacific: Denver's First Railroad BY THOMAS J. NOEL But hark! down this once lone valley, You can hear the thundering tread, Of the iron horse advancing, And rushing with firey breath - To gain this goal of welcome; This gem of our mountain land; Bringing the wealth of the nations, And laying them in our hands. Then hail, all hail to its coming, Let the welkin loudlo ring With three times three for the D.P.R., And our Denver "Railroad Kings."* When gold was discovered in Colorado in the 1850s, a town of canvas and wood sprang up among the cottonwood trees where Cherry Creek flows into the South Platte River. Infant Denver City attracted hopeful emigrants from throughout the United States. For a troubled country slowly recovering from the depression of 1857 and heading for a civil war, news of the Colorado '59ers recalled goJden days of the California '49ers. One gold seeker, Libeus Barney, wrote home to the Bennington (Vermont) Banner on July 12, 1859, that "in Denver City they behold in the future another San Francisco, and along the val- •The poem is from the Denver Cowrado Tribune, .Tune 22, 1870. 92 THE COLORADO MAGAZINE L/2 1973 All Hail the Denver Pacific: Denver's First Railroad 93 ley of Clear Creek they seem to witness the uprising of a sec­ did no.t return to the East but sought out the mining towns west ond Sacramento."1 of the Queen City. Some of these Argonauts settled in Golden, Robert W. Steele, governor of the extralegal Jefferson Ter­ the capital of Colorado Territory from 1863 until 1867 and a ritory, too was optimistic.
  • The Culebra River Villages of Costilla County Colorado Multiple Property

    The Culebra River Villages of Costilla County Colorado Multiple Property

    614 The Culebra River Villages of Costilla County Colorado Multiple Property Submission St. Peter and St. Paul Catholic Church NPS Form 10-900-b OMB No. 1024-0018 (Revised March 1992) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form This form is used for documenting multiple property groups relating to one or several historic contexts. See instructions in How to Complete the Multiple Property Documentation Form (National Register Bulletin 16B). Complete each item by entering the requested information. For additional space, use continuation sheets (Form 10-900-a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer, to complete all items. X New Submission Amended Submission A. Name of Multiple Property Listing The Culebra River Villages of Costilla County, Colorado B. Associated Historic Contexts (Name each associated historic context, identifying theme, geographical area, and chronological period for each.) The Culebra River Villages of Costilla County: Village Architecture and Its Historical Context, 1851-1964. C. Form Prepared by name/title Maria Mondragon-Valdez organization Valdez & Associates date June 1, 2000 street & number Rt. 1 Box 3-A telephone 719-672-3678 city or town San Luis state Colorado zip code 81152 D. Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, I hereby certify that this documentation form meets the National Register documentation standards and sets forth requirements for listing of related properties consistent with the National Register criteria. This submission meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60 and the Secretary of the Interior's Standards and Guidelines for Archaeology and Historic Preservation.