DOCSLIB.ORG

Technical Guide for Monitoring Selected Conditions Related to Wilderness Character Iii Authors’ Note

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Technical Guide for Monitoring Selected Conditions Related to Wilderness Character Iii Authors’ Note United States Department of Agriculture Technical Guide for Forest Service Monitoring Selected General Technical Report WO-80 Conditions Related to June 2009 Wilderness Character United States Department of Technical Guide for Agriculture Forest Service Monitoring Selected General Technical Conditions Related to Report WO-80 June 2009 Wilderness Character Peter Landres, Steve Boutcher, Liese Dean, Troy Hall, Tamara Blett, Terry Carlson, Ann Mebane, Carol Hardy, Susan Rinehart, Linda Merigliano, David N. Cole, Andy Leach, Pam Wright, and Deb Bumpus The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410, or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Acknowledgments We are indebted to the people who served on the Forest Service Wilderness Monitoring Committee—Beth Boyst, Mary Beth Hennessy, Brad Hunter, Patrice Janiga, Al McPherson, Douglas S. Powell, Mike Rowan, Susan Sater, Chris Barns (Bureau of Land Management [BLM]), Steve Henry (U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service [USFWS]), Mark Laker (USFWS), and Denis Davis (National Park Service)—for beginning the effort to actually preserve wilderness character and for providing such broad and capable shoulders to stand on. We thank Forest Service leaders for providing significant financial and administrative support to agency authors while they were developing this technical guide. We also thank the BLM, USFWS, and National Park Service for supporting several other people while they worked on this effort. We also deeply thank the many others who devoted significant time and effort to help on subteams: Untrammeled quality—Al McPherson, Rebecca Oreskes, David Rak, Mike Rowan, and Diane Taliaferro; Air quality—Scott Copeland, Bill Jackson, and Andrea Stacy; Aquatic systems—Steve Glasser, Chris Knopp, Russ Lafayette, Mark Laker, and David Spildie; Vegetation—Paul Alaback, Bruce D. Anderson, Steve Croy, Karen Dillman, and Mark Jensen; Wildlife—Lance Lerum, Kathleen Mathews, Jennifer Moleworth, and Amy Unthank; Undeveloped quality—Chris Barns, Liese Dean, James Demby, Vicky Duvall, Bill Hamele, David Rak, Carol Russel, Susan Sater, Jaime Schmidt, and Bev Thackeray; Outstanding opportunities for solitude or a primitive and unconfined recreation—Chris Barns, Denis Davis, Brad Hunter, Al McPherson, and Mike Rowan. We also appreciate the support of the national wilderness program leads from the four wilderness managing agencies—Don Fisher (Forest Service), Peter Mali (BLM), Rick Potts (National Park Service), and Nancy Roeper (USFWS). Last, we thank the copy editors for all of their diligence and effort to make this long and complicated document as clear as possible. The passion, dedication, and effort of all these people help ensure that present and future generations may experience the benefits of an enduring resource of wilderness. Technical Guide for Monitoring Selected Conditions Related to Wilderness Character iii Authors’ Note This publication was developed by a technical working group and solely represents the views of its authors. It does not represent and should not be construed to represent any agency determination or policy. iv Technical Guide for Monitoring Selected Conditions Related to Wilderness Character The Authors Peter Landres is an ecologist at the Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute in Missoula, MT, and was the Technical Guide Development Team Co-Lead and Natural Quality Team Lead. Steve Boutcher is the information manager for the Forest Service, Washington Office, Wilderness and Wild and Scenic Rivers Staff in South Burlington, VT, and was the Technical Guide Development Team Co-Lead and Undeveloped Quality Team Lead. Liese Dean is the wilderness program manager for the Forest Service, Sawtooth National Forest, Sawtooth National Recreation Area in Stanley, ID, and was the Untrammeled Quality Team Lead. Troy Hall is an associate professor at the University of Idaho in Moscow, ID, and was the Outstanding Opportunities Quality Team Lead. Tamara Blett is an air quality specialist for the U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Air Resources Division in Lakewood, CO, and was the Air Quality Subteam Co-Lead. Terry Carlson is a hydrologist and soil scientist for the Forest Service, Bitterroot National Forest in Hamilton, MT, and was the Hydrology and Aquatic Systems Subteam Lead. Ann Mebane is an air quality specialist for the Forest Service, Siuslaw National Forest in Corvallis, OR, and was the Air Quality Subteam Co-Lead. Carol Hardy is a wildlife biologist for the Forest Service, George Washington and Jefferson National Forests in Roanoke, VA, and was the Wildlife Subteam Co-Lead. Susan Rinehart is a botanist for the Forest Service, Northern Regional Office in Missoula, MT, and was the Vegetation Subteam Lead. Linda Merigliano is the recreation, wilderness, and trails manager for the Forest Service, Bridger-Teton National Forest in Jackson, WY, and was the Application Lead. David N. Cole is a geographer at the Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute in Missoula, MT, and was the Recreation Impacts Lead. Technical Guide for Monitoring Selected Conditions Related to Wilderness Character v Andy Leach is a statistician for the Forest Service, Inventory and Monitoring Institute in Fort Collins, CO, and was the Statistical Lead. Pam Wright is an associate professor at the University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada, and was the Data Analysis and Synthesis Lead. Deb Bumpus is a fish and wildlife specialist for the Forest Service, Apache-Sitgreaves National Forest in Springerville, AZ, and was the Wildlife Subteam Co-Lead. vi Technical Guide for Monitoring Selected Conditions Related to Wilderness Character Contents Chapter 1. Overview ...................................................................................................... 1 1.0. Purpose and Scope ................................................................................................ 1 1.1. Background ........................................................................................................... 2 1.2. Key Concepts ........................................................................................................ 9 1.3. Reporting and Using Information From Wilderness Character Monitoring ....... 14 1.4. Roles and Responsibilities .................................................................................. 19 1.4.1. National Responsibilities .......................................................................... 19 1.4.2. Regional Responsibilities .......................................................................... 20 1.4.3. Forest Responsibilities .............................................................................. 20 1.5. Relationship to Other Federal Monitoring Programs .......................................... 21 1.6. Change Management ........................................................................................... 22 Chapter 2. Data Management................................................................................... 25 2.0. Getting the Data .................................................................................................. 25 2.1. Data Adequacy .................................................................................................... 26 2.2. Data Quality Control and Assurance ................................................................... 28 2.3. Data Roles ........................................................................................................... 30 2.4. Data Storage ........................................................................................................ 30 Chapter 3. Assessing Trend in Wilderness Character ....................................... 33 3.0. How Will Trends in Wilderness Character Be Assessed? ................................... 33 3.1. Decision Rules .................................................................................................... 34 3.2. Narrative .............................................................................................................. 41 3.3. Cautions About Assessing Trends in Wilderness Character ................................ 43 Chapter 4. Untrammeled Quality ............................................................................. 45 4.0. Summary ............................................................................................................. 45 4.1. Introduction ......................................................................................................... 46 4.2. Monitoring Question 1—Actions That Manipulate Wilderness ........................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Wilderness Visitors and Recreation Impacts: Baseline Data Available for Twentieth Century Conditions
    United States Department of Agriculture Wilderness Visitors and Forest Service Recreation Impacts: Baseline Rocky Mountain Research Station Data Available for Twentieth General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-117 Century Conditions September 2003 David N. Cole Vita Wright Abstract __________________________________________ Cole, David N.; Wright, Vita. 2003. Wilderness visitors and recreation impacts: baseline data available for twentieth century conditions. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-117. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 52 p. This report provides an assessment and compilation of recreation-related monitoring data sources across the National Wilderness Preservation System (NWPS). Telephone interviews with managers of all units of the NWPS and a literature search were conducted to locate studies that provide campsite impact data, trail impact data, and information about visitor characteristics. Of the 628 wildernesses that comprised the NWPS in January 2000, 51 percent had baseline campsite data, 9 percent had trail condition data and 24 percent had data on visitor characteristics. Wildernesses managed by the Forest Service and National Park Service were much more likely to have data than wildernesses managed by the Bureau of Land Management and Fish and Wildlife Service. Both unpublished data collected by the management agencies and data published in reports are included. Extensive appendices provide detailed information about available data for every study that we located. These have been organized by wilderness so that it is easy to locate all the information available for each wilderness in the NWPS. Keywords: campsite condition, monitoring, National Wilderness Preservation System, trail condition, visitor characteristics The Authors _______________________________________ David N.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Department of the Interior
    United States Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service RG Stephens, Jr. Federal Building 355 E. Hancock Ave, Room 320, Box 7 Athens, GA 30601 West Georgia Sub Office Coastal Georgia Sub Office Post Office Box 52560 4980 Wildlife Drive, NE Fort Benning, Georgia 31995-2560 Townsend, Georgia 31331 May 28, 2020 Colonel Daniel Hibner U.S. Anny Corps of Engineers Savannah District - Regulatory Division 100 West Oglethorpe Avenue Savannah, Georgia 31401-3640 Attention: Ms. Holly Ross Re: USFWS File Number 2020-1618 Dear Colonel Hibner: The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) has reviewed the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Joint Public Notice (JPN) SAS-2018-00554 and associated information concerning the proposed Twin Pines demonstration mining project (project) in Charlton County, Georgia. The project was proposed after a similar larger mining project application was withdrawn. We again appreciate the efforts expended by USACE to include the extensive supporting information in the JPN to aid in the review. As with the previous mining application, we have concerns that the proposed project may pose risks to the Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge (OKENWR) and the natural environment due to the location, associated activities, and cumulative effects of similar projects in the area. We opine that the impacts are not sufficiently known and whatever is done may be permanent. We provide the following as information on issues to be considered in your decision on the level of environmental review that is appropriate for this proposed project. Our comments are submitted in accordance with provisions of the Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973, as amended; (16 U.S.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Recreation Opportunity Guide
    RECREATION OPPORTUNITY GUIDE Olympic National Forest http:/www.fs.usda.gov/olympic Recommended Season The Brothers Wilderness SPRING SUMMER FALL WINTER Hood Canal Ranger District – Quilcene Office 295142 Highway 101 South P.O. Box 280 Quilcene, WA 98376 (360) 765-2200 OPPORTUNITIES: The Brothers Wilderness has excellent opportunities for backpacking, SIZE: 16,682 acres mountain climbing, hunting, hiking, camping, KEY ACCESS POINTS: and fishing. The Brothers Trail #821 begins at F.S. Road 25 (Hamma Hamma Rd.) the end of Lena Lake Trail #810 and provides F.S. Road 2510 (Duckabush Road) access to popular climbing routes to The Lena Lake Trail #810 Brothers. The trail is 3.0 miles in length and The Brothers Trail #821 ranges in difficulty from Easy to Difficult. The Duckabush Trail #803 Duckabush Trail #803 follows the Duckabush Mt. Jupiter Trail #809 River and enters the Olympic National Park in 6.2 miles and ranges from Easy to Difficult. The Mt. Jupiter Trail #809 is 7.9 miles in length and North FS Rd #2610 No Scale provides access along Jupiter Ridge to Jupiter Olympic THE Lakes. This trail is hot and dry during the National BROTHERS Olympic Park WILDERNESS National summer months and is considered Difficult. Forest Duckabush Trail #803 FS Rd #2510 Wilderness visitors should always carry rain gear The Brothers Hwy 101 and adequate clothing, food, and backpacking Trail #821 equipment. Proper boots and clothing should be Lena Lake FS Rd #25 worn. Practice LEAVE NO TRACE techniques Lena Lake Trail #810 during your wilderness trip. GENERAL DESCRIPTION: The Brothers TOPO MAPS: The Brothers USGS Quad or Wilderness is located on the east side of the The Brothers-Mt.
    [Show full text]
  • Technical Guide for Monitoring Selected Conditions Related to Wilderness Character Iii Authors’ Note
    United States Department of Agriculture Technical Guide for Forest Service Monitoring Selected General Technical Report WO-80 Conditions Related to June 2009 Wilderness Character United States Department of Technical Guide for Agriculture Forest Service Monitoring Selected General Technical Conditions Related to Report WO-80 June 2009 Wilderness Character Peter Landres, Steve Boutcher, Liese Dean, Troy Hall, Tamara Blett, Terry Carlson, Ann Mebane, Carol Hardy, Susan Rinehart, Linda Merigliano, David N. Cole, Andy Leach, Pam Wright, and Deb Bumpus The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410, or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Acknowledgments We are indebted to the people who served on the Forest Service Wilderness Monitoring Committee—Beth Boyst, Mary Beth Hennessy, Brad Hunter, Patrice Janiga, Al McPherson, Douglas S. Powell, Mike Rowan, Susan Sater, Chris Barns (Bureau of Land Management [BLM]), Steve Henry (U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Northeast Chapter Volunteer Hours Report for Year 2013-2014
    BACK COUNTRY HORSEMEN OF WASHINGTON - Northeast Chapter Volunteer Hours Report for Year 2013-2014 Work Hours Other Hours Travel Equines Volunteer Name Project Agency District Basic Skilled LNT Admin Travel Vehicle Quant Days Description of work/ trail/trail head names Date Code Code Hours Hours Educ. Pub. Meet Time Miles Stock Used AGENCY & DISTRICT CODES Agency Code Agency Name District Codes for Agency A Cont'd A U.S.F.S. District Code District Name B State DNR OKNF Okanogan National Forest C State Parks and Highways Pasayten Wilderness D National Parks Lake Chelan-Sawtooth Wilderness E Education and LNT WNF Wenatchee National Forest F Dept. of Fish and Wildlife (State) Alpine Lakes Wilderness G Other Henry M Jackson Wilderness M Bureau of Land Management William O Douglas Wilderness T Private or Timber OLNF Olympic National Forest W County Mt Skokomish Wilderness Wonder Mt Wilderness District Codes for U.S.F.S. Agency Code A Colonel Bob Wilderness The Brothers Wilderness District Code District Name Buckhorn Wilderness CNF Colville National Forest UMNF Umatilla National Forest Salmo-Priest Wilderness Wenaha Tucannon Wilderness GPNF Gifford Pinchot National Forest IDNF Idaho Priest National Forest Goat Rocks Wilderness ORNF Oregon Forest Mt Adams Wilderness Indian Heaven Wilderness Trapper Wilderness District Codes for DNR Agency B Tatoosh Wilderness MBS Mt Baker Snoqualmie National Forest SPS South Puget Sound Region Glacier Peak Wilderness PCR Pacific Cascade Region Bolder River Wilderness OLR Olympic Region Clear Water Wilderness NWR Northwest Region Norse Peak Mt Baker Wilderness NER Northeast Region William O Douglas Wilderness SER Southeast Region Glacier View Wilderness Boulder River Wilderness VOLUNTEER HOURS GUIDELINES Volunteer Name 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Border Security Threatens Northern Border Wildernesses
    Wilderness In Peril: Border Security Measures Threaten Wilderness along the Northern Border with Canada An Analysis Prepared by Wilderness Watch October 2012 Wilderness Watch P.O. Box 9175 Missoula, MT 59807 406-542-2048 www.wildernesswatch.org For more information, contact: George Nickas, Executive Director Kevin Proescholdt, Conservation Director [email protected] [email protected] 406-542-2048 612-201-9266 2 Table of Contents Executive Summary………………………………………………...…………….Page 3 Introduction………………………………………………………..………..….....Page 4 Background…………………………………………………..………………....…Page 4 A. Early 20th Century Border Easements B. International Boundary Treaties with Canada C. 2005 REAL ID Act D. 2006 Interagency Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) Border Patrol Practices on the Southern Border and Lessons for the North……………………………………………………………….Page 9 A. Border Wall Construction B. Illegal Roads and Vehicle Routes C. Border Security Infrastructure D. Motorized Patrols Emerging Major Threats to Wildernesses near the Northern Border……...…Page 13 A. Congressional Legislation B. Northern Border Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement C. 2006 MOU and Motorized Patrols D. Administrative Waiver of Federal Laws E. Clearing and Construction in Border Reservations F. Conclusion Needed Actions to Reestablish and Affirm Wilderness Protections Along the Northern Border……………………………………….……………..Page 17 A. Existing Homeland Security Laws B. 2006 MOU C. Northern Border PEIS D. Pending Legislation E. Restore Wilderness Protection Appendix - Wildernesses at Risk along the Northern Border………………....Page 18 3 Executive Summary Under the guise of border security, a plethora of new and proposed laws, policies, memoranda, and other governmental actions pose an unprecedented threat to Wildernesses, including in many national parks, along our nation’s Northern Border. This whitepaper describes the threats and presents several recommendations for securing the protection of Wilderness and parks along the Northern Border.
    [Show full text]
  • Draft Small Vessel General Permit
    ILLINOIS DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES, COASTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM PUBLIC NOTICE The United States Environmental Protection Agency, Region 5, 77 W. Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, Illinois has requested a determination from the Illinois Department of Natural Resources if their Vessel General Permit (VGP) and Small Vessel General Permit (sVGP) are consistent with the enforceable policies of the Illinois Coastal Management Program (ICMP). VGP regulates discharges incidental to the normal operation of commercial vessels and non-recreational vessels greater than or equal to 79 ft. in length. sVGP regulates discharges incidental to the normal operation of commercial vessels and non- recreational vessels less than 79 ft. in length. VGP and sVGP can be viewed in their entirety at the ICMP web site http://www.dnr.illinois.gov/cmp/Pages/CMPFederalConsistencyRegister.aspx Inquiries concerning this request may be directed to Jim Casey of the Department’s Chicago Office at (312) 793-5947 or [email protected]. You are invited to send written comments regarding this consistency request to the Michael A. Bilandic Building, 160 N. LaSalle Street, Suite S-703, Chicago, Illinois 60601. All comments claiming the proposed actions would not meet federal consistency must cite the state law or laws and how they would be violated. All comments must be received by July 19, 2012. Proposed Small Vessel General Permit (sVGP) United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) SMALL VESSEL GENERAL PERMIT FOR DISCHARGES INCIDENTAL TO THE NORMAL OPERATION OF VESSELS LESS THAN 79 FEET (sVGP) AUTHORIZATION TO DISCHARGE UNDER THE NATIONAL POLLUTANT DISCHARGE ELIMINATION SYSTEM In compliance with the provisions of the Clean Water Act, as amended (33 U.S.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Table 7 - National Wilderness Areas by State
    Table 7 - National Wilderness Areas by State * Unit is in two or more States ** Acres estimated pending final boundary determination + Special Area that is part of a proclaimed National Forest State National Wilderness Area NFS Other Total Unit Name Acreage Acreage Acreage Alabama Cheaha Wilderness Talladega National Forest 7,400 0 7,400 Dugger Mountain Wilderness** Talladega National Forest 9,048 0 9,048 Sipsey Wilderness William B. Bankhead National Forest 25,770 83 25,853 Alabama Totals 42,218 83 42,301 Alaska Chuck River Wilderness 74,876 520 75,396 Coronation Island Wilderness Tongass National Forest 19,118 0 19,118 Endicott River Wilderness Tongass National Forest 98,396 0 98,396 Karta River Wilderness Tongass National Forest 39,917 7 39,924 Kootznoowoo Wilderness Tongass National Forest 979,079 21,741 1,000,820 FS-administered, outside NFS bdy 0 654 654 Kuiu Wilderness Tongass National Forest 60,183 15 60,198 Maurille Islands Wilderness Tongass National Forest 4,814 0 4,814 Misty Fiords National Monument Wilderness Tongass National Forest 2,144,010 235 2,144,245 FS-administered, outside NFS bdy 0 15 15 Petersburg Creek-Duncan Salt Chuck Wilderness Tongass National Forest 46,758 0 46,758 Pleasant/Lemusurier/Inian Islands Wilderness Tongass National Forest 23,083 41 23,124 FS-administered, outside NFS bdy 0 15 15 Russell Fjord Wilderness Tongass National Forest 348,626 63 348,689 South Baranof Wilderness Tongass National Forest 315,833 0 315,833 South Etolin Wilderness Tongass National Forest 82,593 834 83,427 Refresh Date: 10/14/2017
    [Show full text]
  • Quick Reference Fact Sheet
    Okefenokee at a Glance The Okefenokee Swamp is located in Ware, Charlton, and Clinch Counties, Georgia and Baker County, Florida. Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge was established by Executive Order in 1936. The Okefenokee Swamp covers 438,000 acres. It is 38 miles in length at its longest point by 25 miles in width at its widest point. The swamp is approximately 700 square miles. The Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge is over 402,000 acres. The wilderness area consists of 353,981 acres and was created by the Okefenokee Wilderness Act of 1974 which is part of the Wilderness Preservation System. Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge is the largest National Wildlife Refuge in the eastern United States. It is administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service which is under the Department of the Interior. The Okefenokee Swamp is approximately 7000 years old. It is a vast peat-filled bog inside a huge, saucer-shaped depression that was once part of the ocean floor. The elevation of the swamp varies. There is a 25 foot drop from the northwest side to the southwest side. The range in elevation is from 128 feet above sea level on the northeast side to 103 feet on the southwest side. The vegetative indicator of the natural swamp line is the presence of the saw palmetto. The Suwannee River is the principle outlet of the swamp. The Suwannee flows from the west side of the swamp and empties into the Gulf of Mexico near Cedar Key, Florida. The Suwannee River is 280 miles long. A small area of the southeastern part of the swamp is drained by the St.
    [Show full text]
  • Page 1464 TITLE 16—CONSERVATION § 1132
    § 1132 TITLE 16—CONSERVATION Page 1464 Department and agency having jurisdiction of, and reports submitted to Congress regard- thereover immediately before its inclusion in ing pending additions, eliminations, or modi- the National Wilderness Preservation System fications. Maps, legal descriptions, and regula- unless otherwise provided by Act of Congress. tions pertaining to wilderness areas within No appropriation shall be available for the pay- their respective jurisdictions also shall be ment of expenses or salaries for the administra- available to the public in the offices of re- tion of the National Wilderness Preservation gional foresters, national forest supervisors, System as a separate unit nor shall any appro- priations be available for additional personnel and forest rangers. stated as being required solely for the purpose of managing or administering areas solely because (b) Review by Secretary of Agriculture of classi- they are included within the National Wilder- fications as primitive areas; Presidential rec- ness Preservation System. ommendations to Congress; approval of Con- (c) ‘‘Wilderness’’ defined gress; size of primitive areas; Gore Range-Ea- A wilderness, in contrast with those areas gles Nest Primitive Area, Colorado where man and his own works dominate the The Secretary of Agriculture shall, within ten landscape, is hereby recognized as an area where years after September 3, 1964, review, as to its the earth and its community of life are un- suitability or nonsuitability for preservation as trammeled by man, where man himself is a visi- wilderness, each area in the national forests tor who does not remain. An area of wilderness classified on September 3, 1964 by the Secretary is further defined to mean in this chapter an area of undeveloped Federal land retaining its of Agriculture or the Chief of the Forest Service primeval character and influence, without per- as ‘‘primitive’’ and report his findings to the manent improvements or human habitation, President.
    [Show full text]
  • The Brothers Wilderness Air Quality Report, 2012
    The Brothers Wilderness Air Quality Report Wilderness ID: 241 Wilderness Name: The Brothers Wilderness The Brothers Wilderness Air Quality Report National Forest: Olympic National Forest State: WA Counties: Jefferson General Location: Olympic Peninsula Acres: 16,337 Thursday, May 17, 2012 Page 1 of 4 The Brothers Wilderness Air Quality Report Wilderness ID: 241 Wilderness Name: The Brothers Wilderness Wilderness Categories Information Specific to this Wilderness Year Established 1984 Establishment Notes 99-635, Washington State Wilderness Act of 1984 Designation Clean Air Act Class 2 Administrative Olympic National Forest Unique Landscape Features The Brothers Wilderness is located on the eastern flanks of the Olympic National Forest just South of Buckhorn Wilderness and north of Mt. Skokomish Wilderness. Between moss- and fern-laden banks, the Dosewallips and Hamma Hamma Rivers run cold and clear north and south, respectively, of the borders of The Brothers Wilderness. At 6,866 feet, The Brothers is the highest peak in the area, with a distinct double summit that ranks among the most popular climbs in the Olympics. Through the center of the Wilderness the Duckabush River splashes down a wide and lovely glacier-carved valley shadowed by tall hemlock, fir, and cedar. From the Duckabush the terrain rises steeply into a mazelike network of forested ridges that peak on The Brothers to the south and 5,701-foot Mount Jupiter to the north. In the rain shadow of the Olympic Mountains, the area collects about 80 inches of precipitation each year, and temperatures stay temperate, rarely rising above 80 degrees Fahrenheit and seldom freezing along the river.
    [Show full text]
  • Page 1517 TITLE 16—CONSERVATION § 1131 (Pub. L
    Page 1517 TITLE 16—CONSERVATION § 1131 (Pub. L. 88–363, § 10, July 7, 1964, 78 Stat. 301.) Sec. 1132. Extent of System. § 1110. Liability 1133. Use of wilderness areas. 1134. State and private lands within wilderness (a) United States areas. The United States Government shall not be 1135. Gifts, bequests, and contributions. liable for any act or omission of the Commission 1136. Annual reports to Congress. or of any person employed by, or assigned or de- § 1131. National Wilderness Preservation System tailed to, the Commission. (a) Establishment; Congressional declaration of (b) Payment; exemption of property from attach- policy; wilderness areas; administration for ment, execution, etc. public use and enjoyment, protection, preser- Any liability of the Commission shall be met vation, and gathering and dissemination of from funds of the Commission to the extent that information; provisions for designation as it is not covered by insurance, or otherwise. wilderness areas Property belonging to the Commission shall be In order to assure that an increasing popu- exempt from attachment, execution, or other lation, accompanied by expanding settlement process for satisfaction of claims, debts, or judg- and growing mechanization, does not occupy ments. and modify all areas within the United States (c) Individual members of Commission and its possessions, leaving no lands designated No liability of the Commission shall be im- for preservation and protection in their natural puted to any member of the Commission solely condition, it is hereby declared to be the policy on the basis that he occupies the position of of the Congress to secure for the American peo- member of the Commission.
    [Show full text]