Feeling and Decision Making: the Appraisal-Tendency Framework
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Pathogens, Personality, and Culture: Disease Prevalence Predicts Worldwide Variability in Sociosexuality, Extraversion, and Openness to Experience
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Copyright 2008 by the American Psychological Association 2008, Vol. 95, No. 1, 212–221 0022-3514/08/$12.00 DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.95.1.212 Pathogens, Personality, and Culture: Disease Prevalence Predicts Worldwide Variability in Sociosexuality, Extraversion, and Openness to Experience Mark Schaller and Damian R. Murray University of British Columbia Previous research has documented cross-cultural differences in personality traits, but the origins of those differences remain unknown. The authors investigate the possibility that these cultural differences can be traced, in part, to regional differences in the prevalence in infectious diseases. Three specific hypotheses are deduced, predicting negative relationships between disease prevalence and (a) unrestricted sociosex- uality, (b) extraversion, and (c) openness to experience. These hypotheses were tested empirically with methods that employed epidemiological atlases in conjunction with personality data collected from individuals in dozens of countries worldwide. Results were consistent with all three hypotheses: In regions that have historically suffered from high levels of infectious diseases, people report lower mean levels of sociosexuality, extraversion, and openness. Alternative explanations are addressed, and possible underlying mechanisms are discussed. Keywords: culture, disease prevalence, extraversion, openness to experience, sociosexuality People’s personalities differ, and some of that individual vari- For example, Schmitt (2005) and his collaborators in the Inter- ability is geographically clumped. But why is that so? How are we national Sexuality Description Project assessed worldwide vari- to understand the origins of regional differences in personality? A ability in chronic tendencies toward either a “restricted” or “unre- complete response to that question will surely require attention to stricted” sociosexual style. -
Using Appraisal Theory to Predict Emotional and Coping Responses to Hurtful Messages
Interpersona | An International Journal on Personal Relationships interpersona.psychopen.eu | 1981-6472 Articles Using Appraisal Theory to Predict Emotional and Coping Responses to Hurtful Messages Amy M. Bippus*a, Stacy L. Younga [a] Department of Communication Studies, California State University, Long Beach, U.S.. Abstract Based on appraisal theory (Lazarus 1991, 1999), this study examined the degree to which primary and secondary cognitive appraisals of hurtful messages predict the amount of hurt individuals feel, and the coping behaviors they enact. This study presents a significant step forward in its operationalization of both primary and secondary appraisal variables by treating hurt as an outcome, rather than an antecedent, of the appraisal process, and considers an extensive range of coping responses. We surveyed participants (N = 217) about hurtful messages they received within an array of relationship types. The results revealed that four types of appraisals predicted the amount of hurt recipients experienced. All coping behaviors except positive reappraisal were significantly predicted by the primary appraisals (categories of risk) and secondary appraisals (perceived intentionality and frequency of hurtful messages). The findings explicate appraisal theory’s potential in explaining individuals’ responses to hurtful communication. Keywords: appraisal theory, hurtful messages, coping behavior, hurtful communication Interpersona, 2012, Vol. 6(2), 176±190, doi:10.5964/ijpr.v6i2.99 Received: 2012-08-10. Accepted: 2012-10-11. Published: 2012-12-19. *Corresponding author at: Department of Communication Studies, California State University, Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd. Long Beach, CA 90840, USA, email: [email protected] This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
A Deep Neural Model of Emotion Appraisal
Noname manuscript No. (will be inserted by the editor) A Deep Neural Model Of Emotion Appraisal Pablo Barros · Emilia Barakova · Stefan Wermter Received: date / Accepted: date Abstract Emotional concepts play a huge role in our daily life since they take part into many cognitive processes: from the perception of the environment around us to different learning processes and natural communication. Social robots need to communicate with hu- mans, which increased also the popularity of affective embodied models that adopt different emotional concepts in many everyday tasks. However, there is still a gap between the de- velopment of these solutions and the integration and development of a complex emotion appraisal system, which is much necessary for true social robots. In this paper, we propose a deep neural model which is designed in the light of different aspects of developmental learning of emotional concepts to provide an integrated solution for internal and external emotion appraisal. We evaluate the performance of the proposed model with different chal- lenging corpora and compare it with state-of-the-art models for external emotion appraisal. To extend the evaluation of the proposed model, we designed and collected a novel dataset based on a Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) scenario. We deployed the model in an iCub robot and evaluated the capability of the robot to learn and describe the affective behavior of different persons based on observation. The performed experiments demonstrate that the proposed model is competitive with the state of the art in describing emotion behavior in general. In addition, it is able to generate internal emotional concepts that evolve through time: it continuously forms and updates the formed emotional concepts, which is a step towards creating an emotional appraisal model grounded in the robot experiences. -
The Influence of Discrete Emotional States on Preferential Choice
University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Masters Theses Dissertations and Theses July 2016 The Influence of Discrete Emotional States on Preferential Choice Andrea M. Cataldo University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/masters_theses_2 Part of the Cognition and Perception Commons, Cognitive Psychology Commons, Experimental Analysis of Behavior Commons, Personality and Social Contexts Commons, and the Quantitative Psychology Commons Recommended Citation Cataldo, Andrea M., "The Influence of Discrete Emotional States on Preferential Choice" (2016). Masters Theses. 339. https://doi.org/10.7275/8320829 https://scholarworks.umass.edu/masters_theses_2/339 This Open Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations and Theses at ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE INFLUENCE OF DISCRETE EMOTIONAL STATES ON PREFERENTIAL CHOICE A Master’s Thesis by ANDREA M. CATALDO Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts Amherst in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE May 2016 Psychology © Copyright by Andrea M. Cataldo 2016 All Rights Reserved THE INFLUENCE OF DISCRETE EMOTIONAL STATES ON PREFERENTIAL CHOICE A Master’s Thesis by ANDREA M. CATALDO Approved as to style and content by: ________________________________________________________ -
1 Automated Face Analysis for Affective Computing Jeffrey F. Cohn & Fernando De La Torre Abstract Facial Expression
Please do not quote. In press, Handbook of affective computing. New York, NY: Oxford Automated Face Analysis for Affective Computing Jeffrey F. Cohn & Fernando De la Torre Abstract Facial expression communicates emotion, intention, and physical state, and regulates interpersonal behavior. Automated Face Analysis (AFA) for detection, synthesis, and understanding of facial expression is a vital focus of basic research. While open research questions remain, the field has become sufficiently mature to support initial applications in a variety of areas. We review 1) human-observer based approaches to measurement that inform AFA; 2) advances in face detection and tracking, feature extraction, registration, and supervised learning; and 3) applications in action unit and intensity detection, physical pain, psychological distress and depression, detection of deception, interpersonal coordination, expression transfer, and other applications. We consider user-in-the-loop as well as fully automated systems and discuss open questions in basic and applied research. Keywords Automated Face Analysis and Synthesis, Facial Action Coding System (FACS), Continuous Measurement, Emotion, Nonverbal Communication, Synchrony 1. Introduction The face conveys information about a person’s age, sex, background, and identity, what they are feeling, or thinking (Darwin, 1872/1998; Ekman & Rosenberg, 2005). Facial expression regulates face-to-face interactions, indicates reciprocity and interpersonal attraction or repulsion, and enables inter-subjectivity between members of different cultures (Bråten, 2006; Fridlund, 1994; Tronick, 1989). Facial expression reveals comparative evolution, social and emotional development, neurological and psychiatric functioning, and personality processes (Burrows & Cohn, In press; Campos, Barrett, Lamb, Goldsmith, & Stenberg, 1983; Girard, Cohn, Mahoor, Mavadati, & Rosenwald, 2013; Schmidt & Cohn, 2001). Not surprisingly, the face has been of keen interest to behavioral scientists. -
Disgust: Evolved Function and Structure
Psychological Review © 2012 American Psychological Association 2013, Vol. 120, No. 1, 65–84 0033-295X/13/$12.00 DOI: 10.1037/a0030778 Disgust: Evolved Function and Structure Joshua M. Tybur Debra Lieberman VU University Amsterdam University of Miami Robert Kurzban Peter DeScioli University of Pennsylvania Brandeis University Interest in and research on disgust has surged over the past few decades. The field, however, still lacks a coherent theoretical framework for understanding the evolved function or functions of disgust. Here we present such a framework, emphasizing 2 levels of analysis: that of evolved function and that of information processing. Although there is widespread agreement that disgust evolved to motivate the avoidance of contact with disease-causing organisms, there is no consensus about the functions disgust serves when evoked by acts unrelated to pathogen avoidance. Here we suggest that in addition to motivating pathogen avoidance, disgust evolved to regulate decisions in the domains of mate choice and morality. For each proposed evolved function, we posit distinct information processing systems that integrate function-relevant information and account for the trade-offs required of each disgust system. By refocusing the discussion of disgust on computational mechanisms, we recast prior theorizing on disgust into a framework that can generate new lines of empirical and theoretical inquiry. Keywords: disgust, adaptation, evolutionary psychology, emotion, cognition Research concerning disgust has expanded in recent years (Ola- selection pressure driving the evolution of the disgust system, but tunji & Sawchuk, 2005; Rozin, Haidt, & McCauley, 2009), and there has been less precision in identifying the selection pressures contemporary disgust researchers generally agree that an evolu- driving the evolution of disgust systems unrelated to pathogen tionary perspective is necessary for a comprehensive understand- avoidance (e.g., behavior in the sexual and moral domains). -
Green Environments and Happiness Level in Housing Areas Toward a Sustainable Life
sustainability Article Green Environments and Happiness Level in Housing Areas toward a Sustainable Life Min Jee Nikki Han and Mi Jeong Kim * School of Architecture, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 25 April 2019; Accepted: 12 August 2019; Published: 1 September 2019 Abstract: Housing environments should enable residents to have positive experiences through the allocation of diverse green environments, which lead to physically and mentally happy, healthy living. Such positive experiences affect their happiness level, thus leading to sustainable lives. However, in Korea, since the 1980s, the design of housing complexes has been overly focused on their economic and iconic value, while the importance of residents’ experiences has been ignored in the living environment. This research explores categories of green environments in accordance with their scale and purpose of use and evaluates green environments in housing areas by focusing on the residents’ happiness levels. Further, this research examines the correlation between green environments and residents’ happiness level and the effect of green environments on their sociality satisfaction level. The results indicate that green environments and happiness levels are critically correlated. Through the results, this research emphasizes the importance of providing structural and strategic planning of green environments in housing areas for residents’ happiness, and thus their sustainable lives. Keywords: green environment; housing environment; residents’ cognition; happiness level; community life 1. Introduction In the 2018 World Happiness Index, Korea ranked 57 out of 156 countries [1]. Diverse factors affect the happiness level (HL) of citizens; however, the quality of their living environment is considered a major issue affecting their HL [2–4]. -
John F. Helliwell, Richard Layard and Jeffrey D. Sachs
2018 John F. Helliwell, Richard Layard and Jeffrey D. Sachs Table of Contents World Happiness Report 2018 Editors: John F. Helliwell, Richard Layard, and Jeffrey D. Sachs Associate Editors: Jan-Emmanuel De Neve, Haifang Huang and Shun Wang 1 Happiness and Migration: An Overview . 3 John F. Helliwell, Richard Layard and Jeffrey D. Sachs 2 International Migration and World Happiness . 13 John F. Helliwell, Haifang Huang, Shun Wang and Hugh Shiplett 3 Do International Migrants Increase Their Happiness and That of Their Families by Migrating? . 45 Martijn Hendriks, Martijn J. Burger, Julie Ray and Neli Esipova 4 Rural-Urban Migration and Happiness in China . 67 John Knight and Ramani Gunatilaka 5 Happiness and International Migration in Latin America . 89 Carol Graham and Milena Nikolova 6 Happiness in Latin America Has Social Foundations . 115 Mariano Rojas 7 America’s Health Crisis and the Easterlin Paradox . 146 Jeffrey D. Sachs Annex: Migrant Acceptance Index: Do Migrants Have Better Lives in Countries That Accept Them? . 160 Neli Esipova, Julie Ray, John Fleming and Anita Pugliese The World Happiness Report was written by a group of independent experts acting in their personal capacities. Any views expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization, agency or programme of the United Nations. 2 Chapter 1 3 Happiness and Migration: An Overview John F. Helliwell, Vancouver School of Economics at the University of British Columbia, and Canadian Institute for Advanced Research Richard Layard, Wellbeing Programme, Centre for Economic Performance, at the London School of Economics and Political Science Jeffrey D. Sachs, Director, SDSN, and Director, Center for Sustainable Development, Columbia University The authors are grateful to the Ernesto Illy Foundation and the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research for research support, and to Gallup for data access and assistance. -
Three Levels of Product Emotion P.M.A
KEER2010, PARIS | MARCH 2-4 2010 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON KANSEI ENGINEERING AND EMOTION RESEARCH 2010 THREE LEVELS OF PRODUCT EMOTION P.M.A. Desmet Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering Landbergstraat 15, 2628 CE Delft, The Netherlands. [email protected] ABSTRACT This paper introduces an approach to emotion driven design that was based on the process that underlies emotional responses to consumer products. Three levels, and nine associated classes of product-evoked emotions are discussed, which are each the outcome of a unique pattern of eliciting conditions. The approach is based on two main propositions. The first is that all emotional reactions result from an appraisal process in which the individual appraises the product as (potentially) harming or favoring his or her wellbeing. This appraisal is a non- rational sense-evaluation of the product’s relational meaning. In this perspective, the appraisal is considered a key-parameter that determines if a product evokes an emotion, and if so, what emotion is evoked. Three main appraisal types are identified: an usefulness appraisal, a pleasantness appraisal, and a rightfulness appraisal. The second proposition is that products can generate at least three classes of emotional stimuli: stimuli with a product-focus (i.e. the qualities and properties of the product); with an activity-focus (i.e. when using the product), and with a self-focus (i.e. consequences of using the product). The three appraisals and three levels of person-product relationships combine to a framework of nine sources of product emotions. The framework is used as the basis for an approach to design that aims for three levels of emotional product appeal. -
Applying Appraisal Theories of Emotion to the Concept of Emotional Labor
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Louisiana State University Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2006 Applying appraisal theories of emotion to the concept of emotional labor Erin Michele Richard Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the Psychology Commons Recommended Citation Richard, Erin Michele, "Applying appraisal theories of emotion to the concept of emotional labor" (2006). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 2268. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/2268 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. APPLYING APPRAISAL THEORIES OF EMOTION TO THE CONCEPT OF EMOTIONAL LABOR A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Psychology by Erin Michele Richard B.S., Louisiana State University, 2000 M.A., Louisiana State University, 2003 May 2006 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank all of those who helped make this project a success. I offer special thanks to my husband and to my parents for their patience and support. I am extremely grateful to Jim Diefendorff for agreeing to supervise the project from afar---a commitment that required a great deal of extra time and effort on his part. -
Redalyc.Inter-Regional Metric Disadvantages When Comparing
International Journal of Psychological Research ISSN: 2011-2084 [email protected] Universidad de San Buenaventura Colombia Rojas-Gualdron, Diego Fernando Inter-regional metric disadvantages when comparing country happiness on a global scale. A Rasch-based consequential validity analysis International Journal of Psychological Research, vol. 10, núm. 2, 2017, pp. 26-34 Universidad de San Buenaventura Medellín, Colombia Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=299052071004 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Int. j. psychol. res, Vol. 10 (2) 26-33, 2017 DOI 10.21500/20112084.2995 Inter-regional metric disadvantages when comparing country happiness on a global scale. A Rasch-based consequential validity analysis Desventajas metricas´ entre regiones al comparar la felicidad de los pa´ısesa escala global. Un analisis´ Rasch de validez consecuencial Diego Fernando Rojas-Gualdron´ 1* Abstract Measurement confounding due to socioeconomic differences between world regions may bias the estimations of countries’ happiness and global inequality. Potential implications of this bias have not been researched. In this study, the consequential validity of the Happy Planet Index, 2012 as an indicator of global inequality is evaluated from the Rasch measurement perspective. Differential Item Functioning by world region and bias in the estimated magnitude of inequalities were analyzed. The recalculated measure showed a good fit to Rasch model assumptions. The original index underestimated relative inequalities between world regions by 20%. DIF had no effect on relative measures but affected absolute measures by overestimating world average happiness and underestimating its variance. -
Medical Treatment Guidelines (MTG)
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Acute Stress Disorder Effective: November 1, 2021 Adapted by NYS Workers’ Compensation Board (“WCB”) from MDGuidelines® with permission of Reed Group, Ltd. (“ReedGroup”), which is not responsible for WCB’s modifications. MDGuidelines® are Copyright 2019 Reed Group, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, displayed, disseminated, modified, or incorporated in any form without prior written permission from ReedGroup and WCB. Notwithstanding the foregoing, this publication may be viewed and printed solely for internal use as a reference, including to assist in compliance with WCL Sec. 13-0 and 12 NYCRR Part 44[0], provided that (i) users shall not sell or distribute, display, or otherwise provide such copies to others or otherwise commercially exploit the material. Commercial licenses, which provide access to the online text-searchable version of MDGuidelines®, are available from ReedGroup at www.mdguidelines.com. Contributors The NYS Workers’ Compensation Board would like to thank the members of the New York Workers’ Compensation Board Medical Advisory Committee (MAC). The MAC served as the Board’s advisory body to adapt the American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (ACOEM) Practice Guidelines to a New York version of the Medical Treatment Guidelines (MTG). In this capacity, the MAC provided valuable input and made recommendations to help guide the final version of these Guidelines. With full consensus reached on many topics, and a careful review of any dissenting opinions on others, the Board established the final product. New York State Workers’ Compensation Board Medical Advisory Committee Christopher A. Burke, MD , FAPM Attending Physician, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Northwell Health Assistant Clinical Professor, Hofstra Medical School Joseph Canovas, Esq.