DOCSLIB.ORG

Posttraumatic Symptoms and Change of Complicated

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Posttraumatic Symptoms and Change of Complicated J Korean Med Sci. 2019 Jul 22;34(28):e194 https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2019.34.e194 eISSN 1598-6357·pISSN 1011-8934 Original Article Posttraumatic Symptoms and Change Psychiatry & Psychology of Complicated Grief among Bereaved Families of the Sewol Ferry Disaster: One Year Follow-up Study Hyesung Han ,1,2* Ji-Ae Yun ,3* Hyu Jung Huh ,1 Seung Huh ,1 Jihyun Hwang ,1 Ji-Young Joo ,1 Young-Ae Yoon ,1 Eun-Gyeong Shin ,1 Won Joon Choi ,1 Sangmin Lee ,1 and Jeong-Ho Chae 1 1Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea 2Good Image Clinic, Seoul, Korea 3Department of Neuropsychiatry, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea Received: Mar 29, 2019 ABSTRACT Accepted: Jul 5, 2019 Address for Correspondence: Background: The objective of this study was to determine whether severity and severity Jeong-Ho Chae, MD change of coexisting psychiatric symptoms might affect change of complicated grief (CG) Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's regarding the Sewol ferry disaster. Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic Methods: Data from a cross-sectional survey were obtained 18 months (Time 1) and 30 months University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho- gu, Seoul 06591, Korea. (Time 2) after the disaster. We ascertained sociodemographic variables and variables obtained E-mail: [email protected] from self-reporting questionnaires (i.e., CG, depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD], insomnia, embitterment, and suicidal risk) among 56 bereaved family members. *Hyesung Han and Ji-Ae Yun contributed Results: Severity of other psychiatric symptoms at Time 1 had no effect on change of CG at equally to this work. Time 2. However, changes in severity of PTSD over a year affected change of CG. © 2019 The Korean Academy of Medical Conclusion: It is important to evaluate changes in severity of PTSD and its treatment during Sciences. management of CG, especially when it involves bereaved families experiencing a traumatic This is an Open Access article distributed accident. under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https:// Keywords: Grief; Bereavement; Disasters; Traumatic Loss creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly INTRODUCTION cited. ORCID iDs Studies have suggested that most people can adapt to traumatic loss with a reduction in Hyesung Han grief intensity in about 6 months.1 However, people afflicted with complicated grief (CG) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2994-0421 are essentially frozen or stuck in a state of chronic mourning for 6–12 months or longer after Ji-Ae Yun the loss.2 The prevalence of CG varies depending on studies. According to a previous study, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6682-3275 CG occurs in about 10% of individuals who have experienced bereavement.3 Individuals Hyu Jung Huh https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8050-9189 with CG also suffer from intense longing or yearning for the dead person. CG is known to Seung Huh cause significant distress and functional impairment clinically.4 Therefore, it is clinically https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8378-0177 meaningful to conduct a study defining the diagnostic criteria for CG and identify factors Jihyun Hwang affecting its onset, course, and treatment. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1553-3857 https://jkms.org 1/13 Effects of PTSD on Complicated Grief Ji-Young Joo CG is closely related to other psychiatric symptoms. The prevalence of CG is high among https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8753-2768 individuals with a history of psychiatric disorder.3 Grief is known to affect the onset and Young-Ae Yoon course of other psychiatric symptoms.3 Grief often serves as a stress factor that increases https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1789-7582 the risk of depression and anxiety disorders, panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder Eun-Gyeong Shin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8426-7826 (PTSD), insomnia, suicidal thoughts and attempts, and challenges associated with alcohol Won Joon Choi abuse.5-7 Particularly, when normal grief is followed by CG, he or she is more likely to manifest https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6729-9233 comorbid mental disorders. A study has found that 75.2% of individuals diagnosed with CG Sangmin Lee manifest other psychiatric symptoms of axis I in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5954-9442 Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5).7,8 Due to correlation between CG and other psychiatric Jeong-Ho Chae https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6070-9324 symptoms, previous studies have attempted to elucidate CG as a symptom associated with depressive disorder, PTSD, or adjustment disorder rather than as an independent diagnosis.2,9 Funding However, several studies have suggested that CG is an independent disorder that can be This research was supported by a grant of the distinguished from other psychiatric disorders.1,10 In recent years, persistent complex Korea Health Technology R&D Project through bereavement disorder has been included in the criteria for ‘conditions for further study’ in the Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI), funded by the Ministry of DSM-5. Further studies are required to determine the correlation between other psychiatric Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea (grant No. symptoms and CG for independent diagnosis of CG under diagnostic criteria of DSM officially. HM15C1054). Previous studies on the relationship between CG and other psychiatric symptoms have Disclosure The authors have no potential conflicts of mainly investigated how clinically different symptoms of CG and other psychiatric symptoms interest to disclose. are distinguished and what symptoms are mainly coexisted with CG.5,11-13 Few studies have explored the severity of other coexisting psychiatric symptoms or longitudinal effects Author Contributions of change of coexisting psychiatric symptoms.14,15 Accurate diagnosis of CG for prompt Conceptualization: Han H. Data curation: Han H, Huh S, Hwang J, Joo JY, Yoon YA, intervention requires insight into the effect of other coexisting psychiatric symptoms on Shin EG, Choi WJ, Lee S. Formal analysis: Han change of CG. In particular, a few studies have reported high prevalence of CG and high H, Huh HJ, Hwang J. Investigation: Han H. probability of other psychiatric symptoms in those suffering from traumatic loss.16,17 Methodology: Han H, Huh HJ, Huh S, Hwang However, studies analyzing the impact of other psychiatric symptoms on change of CG in J, Joo JY. Software: Han H. Validation: Han H. those afflicted with traumatic loss are limited. Therefore, we conducted a longitudinal study Writing - original draft: Han H. Writing - review of change in CG involving bereaved families following traumatic loss in the Sewol ferry & editing: Han H, Yun JA. disaster. We assessed the severity of CG and severity of other psychiatric symptoms including depression and anxiety disorders, PTSD, post-traumatic embitterment disorder (PTED), insomnia, and suicidal risk at 18 months (Time 1) and 30 months (Time 2) after the loss. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of severity of other psychiatric symptoms at Time 1 and the change of coexisting psychiatric symptoms at Time 2 on change of CG. METHODS Participants We contacted representatives of families who lost their family member in the Sewol ferry disaster at Ansan, Korea, to explain the purpose of this study. Study goals conveyed included identification of the risk and prognostic factors affecting mental health of individuals who had experienced death of a family member. After obtaining agreement from representatives, 93 bereaved family members were surveyed for Time 1 after obtaining informed consent from all participants. Psychiatrists specializing in the field of disaster mental health interviewed participants. Sociodemographic data and psychiatric scales were retrieved from self- reporting questionnaires. One of them died of lung cancer within a year. Thirty subjects refused to participate in the longitudinal study. Six were excluded because of missing data of psychiatric scales. Finally, 56 (60.2%) of 93 subjects were included in the analysis. A flow diagram of the participants in this longitudinal study is presented in Fig. 1. https://jkms.org https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2019.34.e194 2/13 Effects of PTSD on Complicated Grief months postdisaster bereaved families Time Self-report questionnaires Sociodemographic variables, complicated grief (ICG), Excluded: depression (PHQ-), · psychometric measure missing anxiety (GAD-), PTSD (PCL-), · death insomnia (ISI), · drop-out embitterment (PTED), suicidal risk (P) months postdisaster Time used in analysis Fig. 1. Flow diagram of participants in the study of bereaved family members of the Sewol ferry disaster. ICG = inventory of complicated grief, PHQ-9 = patient health questionnaire-9, GAD-7 = generalized anxiety disorder 7-item questionnaire, PCL-5 = PTSD checklist-5, ISI = insomnia severity index, PTED = post-traumatic embitterment disorder. Those lost to attritions (n = 37, 39.8%) did not differ from study participants in terms of sociodemographic factors (age: t = 1.506, P = 0.136; gender: χ2 = 0.797, P = 0.399; marital status: χ2 = 3.074, P = 0.233; religion: χ2 = 7.493, P = 0.130; and education: χ2 = 3.491, P = 0.206) or psychiatric symptoms (depression: t = 0.673, P = 0.503; anxiety: t = 0.616, P = 0.540; PTSD: t = 0.891, P = 0.375; CG: t = 1.159, P = 0.250; and embitterment, t = 0.559, P = 0.578) at Time 1. Measures Sociodemographic variables included age, gender, relationship with a victim, educational level, marital status, religion, total monthly income of the household, experience of visiting a mental hospital or undergoing counseling for psychological therapy before the accident, and birth order of victim. We used self-reported questionnaires to investigate CG and other psychiatric symptoms. Inventory complicated grief (ICG) ICG is a self-rated inventory developed to evaluate the symptom of grief in order to predict functional mental disorders.18 The instrument consists of 19 items related to subjects' immediate bereavement-related thoughts and behaviors.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Feeling and Decision Making: the Appraisal-Tendency Framework
    Feelings and Consumer Decision Making: Extending the Appraisal-Tendency Framework The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Lerner, Jennifer S., Seunghee Han, and Dacher Keltner. 2007. “Feelings and Consumer Decision Making: Extending the Appraisal- Tendency Framework.” Journal of Consumer Psychology 17 (3) (July): 181–187. doi:10.1016/s1057-7408(07)70027-x. Published Version 10.1016/S1057-7408(07)70027-X Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:37143006 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Feelings and Consumer Decision Making 1 Running head: FEELINGS AND CONSUMER DECISION MAKING Feelings and Consumer Decision Making: The Appraisal-Tendency Framework Seunghee Han, Jennifer S. Lerner Carnegie Mellon University Dacher Keltner University of California, Berkeley Invited article for the Journal of Consumer Psychology Draft Date: January 3rd, 2006 Correspondence Address: Seunghee Han Department of Social and Decision Sciences Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Phone: 412-268-2869, Fax: 412-268-6938 Email: [email protected] Feelings and Consumer Decision Making 2 Abstract This article presents the Appraisal Tendency Framework (ATF) (Lerner & Keltner, 2000, 2001; Lerner & Tiedens, 2006) as a basis for predicting the influence of specific emotions on consumer decision making. In particular, the ATF addresses how and why specific emotions carry over from past situations to color future judgments and choices.
    [Show full text]
  • The Influence of Discrete Emotional States on Preferential Choice
    University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Masters Theses Dissertations and Theses July 2016 The Influence of Discrete Emotional States on Preferential Choice Andrea M. Cataldo University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/masters_theses_2 Part of the Cognition and Perception Commons, Cognitive Psychology Commons, Experimental Analysis of Behavior Commons, Personality and Social Contexts Commons, and the Quantitative Psychology Commons Recommended Citation Cataldo, Andrea M., "The Influence of Discrete Emotional States on Preferential Choice" (2016). Masters Theses. 339. https://doi.org/10.7275/8320829 https://scholarworks.umass.edu/masters_theses_2/339 This Open Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations and Theses at ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE INFLUENCE OF DISCRETE EMOTIONAL STATES ON PREFERENTIAL CHOICE A Master’s Thesis by ANDREA M. CATALDO Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts Amherst in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE May 2016 Psychology © Copyright by Andrea M. Cataldo 2016 All Rights Reserved THE INFLUENCE OF DISCRETE EMOTIONAL STATES ON PREFERENTIAL CHOICE A Master’s Thesis by ANDREA M. CATALDO Approved as to style and content by: ________________________________________________________
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Automated Face Analysis for Affective Computing Jeffrey F. Cohn & Fernando De La Torre Abstract Facial Expression
    Please do not quote. In press, Handbook of affective computing. New York, NY: Oxford Automated Face Analysis for Affective Computing Jeffrey F. Cohn & Fernando De la Torre Abstract Facial expression communicates emotion, intention, and physical state, and regulates interpersonal behavior. Automated Face Analysis (AFA) for detection, synthesis, and understanding of facial expression is a vital focus of basic research. While open research questions remain, the field has become sufficiently mature to support initial applications in a variety of areas. We review 1) human-observer based approaches to measurement that inform AFA; 2) advances in face detection and tracking, feature extraction, registration, and supervised learning; and 3) applications in action unit and intensity detection, physical pain, psychological distress and depression, detection of deception, interpersonal coordination, expression transfer, and other applications. We consider user-in-the-loop as well as fully automated systems and discuss open questions in basic and applied research. Keywords Automated Face Analysis and Synthesis, Facial Action Coding System (FACS), Continuous Measurement, Emotion, Nonverbal Communication, Synchrony 1. Introduction The face conveys information about a person’s age, sex, background, and identity, what they are feeling, or thinking (Darwin, 1872/1998; Ekman & Rosenberg, 2005). Facial expression regulates face-to-face interactions, indicates reciprocity and interpersonal attraction or repulsion, and enables inter-subjectivity between members of different cultures (Bråten, 2006; Fridlund, 1994; Tronick, 1989). Facial expression reveals comparative evolution, social and emotional development, neurological and psychiatric functioning, and personality processes (Burrows & Cohn, In press; Campos, Barrett, Lamb, Goldsmith, & Stenberg, 1983; Girard, Cohn, Mahoor, Mavadati, & Rosenwald, 2013; Schmidt & Cohn, 2001). Not surprisingly, the face has been of keen interest to behavioral scientists.
    [Show full text]
  • Green Environments and Happiness Level in Housing Areas Toward a Sustainable Life
    sustainability Article Green Environments and Happiness Level in Housing Areas toward a Sustainable Life Min Jee Nikki Han and Mi Jeong Kim * School of Architecture, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 25 April 2019; Accepted: 12 August 2019; Published: 1 September 2019 Abstract: Housing environments should enable residents to have positive experiences through the allocation of diverse green environments, which lead to physically and mentally happy, healthy living. Such positive experiences affect their happiness level, thus leading to sustainable lives. However, in Korea, since the 1980s, the design of housing complexes has been overly focused on their economic and iconic value, while the importance of residents’ experiences has been ignored in the living environment. This research explores categories of green environments in accordance with their scale and purpose of use and evaluates green environments in housing areas by focusing on the residents’ happiness levels. Further, this research examines the correlation between green environments and residents’ happiness level and the effect of green environments on their sociality satisfaction level. The results indicate that green environments and happiness levels are critically correlated. Through the results, this research emphasizes the importance of providing structural and strategic planning of green environments in housing areas for residents’ happiness, and thus their sustainable lives. Keywords: green environment; housing environment; residents’ cognition; happiness level; community life 1. Introduction In the 2018 World Happiness Index, Korea ranked 57 out of 156 countries [1]. Diverse factors affect the happiness level (HL) of citizens; however, the quality of their living environment is considered a major issue affecting their HL [2–4].
    [Show full text]
  • John F. Helliwell, Richard Layard and Jeffrey D. Sachs
    2018 John F. Helliwell, Richard Layard and Jeffrey D. Sachs Table of Contents World Happiness Report 2018 Editors: John F. Helliwell, Richard Layard, and Jeffrey D. Sachs Associate Editors: Jan-Emmanuel De Neve, Haifang Huang and Shun Wang 1 Happiness and Migration: An Overview . 3 John F. Helliwell, Richard Layard and Jeffrey D. Sachs 2 International Migration and World Happiness . 13 John F. Helliwell, Haifang Huang, Shun Wang and Hugh Shiplett 3 Do International Migrants Increase Their Happiness and That of Their Families by Migrating? . 45 Martijn Hendriks, Martijn J. Burger, Julie Ray and Neli Esipova 4 Rural-Urban Migration and Happiness in China . 67 John Knight and Ramani Gunatilaka 5 Happiness and International Migration in Latin America . 89 Carol Graham and Milena Nikolova 6 Happiness in Latin America Has Social Foundations . 115 Mariano Rojas 7 America’s Health Crisis and the Easterlin Paradox . 146 Jeffrey D. Sachs Annex: Migrant Acceptance Index: Do Migrants Have Better Lives in Countries That Accept Them? . 160 Neli Esipova, Julie Ray, John Fleming and Anita Pugliese The World Happiness Report was written by a group of independent experts acting in their personal capacities. Any views expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization, agency or programme of the United Nations. 2 Chapter 1 3 Happiness and Migration: An Overview John F. Helliwell, Vancouver School of Economics at the University of British Columbia, and Canadian Institute for Advanced Research Richard Layard, Wellbeing Programme, Centre for Economic Performance, at the London School of Economics and Political Science Jeffrey D. Sachs, Director, SDSN, and Director, Center for Sustainable Development, Columbia University The authors are grateful to the Ernesto Illy Foundation and the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research for research support, and to Gallup for data access and assistance.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Inter-Regional Metric Disadvantages When Comparing
    International Journal of Psychological Research ISSN: 2011-2084 [email protected] Universidad de San Buenaventura Colombia Rojas-Gualdron, Diego Fernando Inter-regional metric disadvantages when comparing country happiness on a global scale. A Rasch-based consequential validity analysis International Journal of Psychological Research, vol. 10, núm. 2, 2017, pp. 26-34 Universidad de San Buenaventura Medellín, Colombia Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=299052071004 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Int. j. psychol. res, Vol. 10 (2) 26-33, 2017 DOI 10.21500/20112084.2995 Inter-regional metric disadvantages when comparing country happiness on a global scale. A Rasch-based consequential validity analysis Desventajas metricas´ entre regiones al comparar la felicidad de los pa´ısesa escala global. Un analisis´ Rasch de validez consecuencial Diego Fernando Rojas-Gualdron´ 1* Abstract Measurement confounding due to socioeconomic differences between world regions may bias the estimations of countries’ happiness and global inequality. Potential implications of this bias have not been researched. In this study, the consequential validity of the Happy Planet Index, 2012 as an indicator of global inequality is evaluated from the Rasch measurement perspective. Differential Item Functioning by world region and bias in the estimated magnitude of inequalities were analyzed. The recalculated measure showed a good fit to Rasch model assumptions. The original index underestimated relative inequalities between world regions by 20%. DIF had no effect on relative measures but affected absolute measures by overestimating world average happiness and underestimating its variance.
    [Show full text]
  • Medical Treatment Guidelines (MTG)
    Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Acute Stress Disorder Effective: November 1, 2021 Adapted by NYS Workers’ Compensation Board (“WCB”) from MDGuidelines® with permission of Reed Group, Ltd. (“ReedGroup”), which is not responsible for WCB’s modifications. MDGuidelines® are Copyright 2019 Reed Group, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, displayed, disseminated, modified, or incorporated in any form without prior written permission from ReedGroup and WCB. Notwithstanding the foregoing, this publication may be viewed and printed solely for internal use as a reference, including to assist in compliance with WCL Sec. 13-0 and 12 NYCRR Part 44[0], provided that (i) users shall not sell or distribute, display, or otherwise provide such copies to others or otherwise commercially exploit the material. Commercial licenses, which provide access to the online text-searchable version of MDGuidelines®, are available from ReedGroup at www.mdguidelines.com. Contributors The NYS Workers’ Compensation Board would like to thank the members of the New York Workers’ Compensation Board Medical Advisory Committee (MAC). The MAC served as the Board’s advisory body to adapt the American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (ACOEM) Practice Guidelines to a New York version of the Medical Treatment Guidelines (MTG). In this capacity, the MAC provided valuable input and made recommendations to help guide the final version of these Guidelines. With full consensus reached on many topics, and a careful review of any dissenting opinions on others, the Board established the final product. New York State Workers’ Compensation Board Medical Advisory Committee Christopher A. Burke, MD , FAPM Attending Physician, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Northwell Health Assistant Clinical Professor, Hofstra Medical School Joseph Canovas, Esq.
    [Show full text]
  • A Dialogue on Racial Melancholia  David L
    Psychoanalytic Dialogues, 10(4):667–700, 2000 A Dialogue on Racial Melancholia David L. Eng, Ph.D. Shinhee Han, C.S.W. As Freud’s privileged theory of unresolved grief, melancholia presents a compelling framework to conceptualize registers of loss and depression attendant to both psychic and material processes of Asian American immigration, assimilation, and racialization. Freud initially formulates melancholia as a pathological form of individual mourning for lost objects, places, or ideals. However, we propose a concept of melancholia as a depathologized structure of everyday group experience for Asian Americans. We analyze a number of Asian American cultural productions (literature and film) as well as two case histories of university students involving intergenerational conflicts and lost ideals of whiteness, Asianness, home, and language. Exploring these analyses against Klein’s notions of lost objects, we propose a more refined theory of good and bad racialized objects. This theory raises the psychic and political difficulties of reinstatement and the mediation of the depressive position for Asian Americans. In addition, this theory suggests that processes of immigration, assimilation, and racialization are neither pathological nor permanent but involve the fluid negotiation between mourning and melancholia. Throughout this essay, we consider methods by which a more speculative approach to psychoanalytic theory and clinical practice might offer a deeper understanding of Asian American mental health issues. David L. Eng, Ph.D., is an Assistant Professor of English and Comparative Literature at Columbia University, where he is also an affiliate faculty member of the Asian American Studies Program. He is author of the forthcoming Racial Castration: Managing Masculinity in Asian America (Duke University Press) as well as the Coeditor (with Alice Y.
    [Show full text]
  • Continuous Emotion Recognition Via Deep Convolutional Autoencoder and Support Vector Regressor
    Continuous Emotion Recognition via Deep Convolutional Autoencoder and Support Vector Regressor Sevegni Odilon Clement Allognon ∗, Alceu de S. Britto Jr.y and Alessandro L. Koerich ∗ ∗Ecole´ de Technologie Superieure,´ Universite´ du Quebec,´ Montreal,´ QC, Canada Email: [email protected], [email protected] yPontifical Catholic University of Parana,´ Curitiba, PR, Brazil Email: [email protected] Abstract—Automatic facial expression recognition is an im- That one has been largely adopted in research on emotion portant research area in the emotion recognition and computer recognition. However, it has some drawbacks as it does not vision. Applications can be found in several domains such as take into consideration people who exhibit non-basic, subtle medical treatment, driver fatigue surveillance, sociable robotics, and several other human-computer interaction systems. There- and complex emotions like depression. It results that these fore, it is crucial that the machine should be able to recognize basic discrete classes may not reflect the complexity of the the emotional state of the user with high accuracy. In recent emotional state expressed by humans. As a result, the appraisal years, deep neural networks have been used with great success theory has been introduced. This is a theory where emotions in recognizing emotions. In this paper, we present a new model are generated through continuous, recursive subjective evalua- for continuous emotion recognition based on facial expression recognition by using an unsupervised learning approach based tion of both our own internal state and the state of the outside on transfer learning and autoencoders. The proposed approach world [3].
    [Show full text]
  • Measuring Farm Animal Emotions—Sensor-Based Approaches
    sensors Review Measuring Farm Animal Emotions—Sensor-Based Approaches Suresh Neethirajan * , Inonge Reimert and Bas Kemp Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands; [email protected] (I.R.); [email protected] (B.K.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +31-068-343-2700 Abstract: Understanding animal emotions is a key to unlocking methods for improving animal welfare. Currently there are no ‘benchmarks’ or any scientific assessments available for measuring and quantifying the emotional responses of farm animals. Using sensors to collect biometric data as a means of measuring animal emotions is a topic of growing interest in agricultural technology. Here we reviewed several aspects of the use of sensor-based approaches in monitoring animal emotions, beginning with an introduction on animal emotions. Then we reviewed some of the available technological systems for analyzing animal emotions. These systems include a variety of sensors, the algorithms used to process biometric data taken from these sensors, facial expression, and sound analysis. We conclude that a single emotional expression measurement based on either the facial feature of animals or the physiological functions cannot show accurately the farm animal’s emotional changes, and hence compound expression recognition measurement is required. We propose some novel ways to combine sensor technologies through sensor fusion into efficient systems for monitoring and measuring the animals’ compound expression of emotions. Finally, we explore future perspectives in the field, including challenges and opportunities. Keywords: animal emotions; animal welfare; behavior; sensors; precision livestock farming; farm animals; animal-based measures Citation: Neethirajan, S.; Reimert, I.; 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Analysis of Platelet 5-HT Concentrations in Han and Li Patients with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
    Comparative analysis of platelet 5-HT concentrations in Han and Li patients with post-traumatic stress disorder L. Li1, M.X. Li1, L.H. Pan1, G.M. Wang1, M. Guo2, L.Q. Fu2, J.C. Guo2, Y.S. Gao2, F. Chen2 and M.X. Xie2 1Department of Nursing, Nongken Hospital of Hainan Province, Haikou, China 2Department of Psychiatrist, Hainan General Hospital of Hainan Province, Haikou, China Corresponding author: M. Guo E-mail: [email protected] Genet. Mol. Res. 15 (3): gmr.15038265 Received December 14, 2015 Accepted February 11, 2016 Published July 15, 2016 DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.4238/gmr.15038265 Copyright © 2016 The Authors. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike (CC BY-SA) 4.0 License. ABSTRACT. We investigated the role of serotonin (5-HT) in the pathogenesis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) by determining the platelet 5-HT concentrations in Li and Han patients with PTSD in Hainan Province, China. Li and Han control groups of the same sample size have no statistical differences in gender and age distribution compared to those in the PTSD groups who were also examined. The platelet 5-HT concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. In addition, the patients and controls were evaluated by the impact of event scale-revised (IES-R). IES-R showed that the total and sub-scale scores of three factors (avoidance, intrusion, and hyperarousal) of Li patients with PTSD were significantly higher than those of Han patients with PTSD. Scores of both PTSD groups were higher than those of their respective control groups.
    [Show full text]
  • Pdfs of Guilt Issue
    Emotion Researcher | ISRE's Sourcebook for Research on Emotion and Affect Emotion Researcher ISRE's Sourcebook for Research on Emotion and Affect Home Interviews Articles Spotlight Contact How To Cite ER Table of Contents VARIETIES OF GUILT AND THEIR Editor’s Column Get a detailed introduction and preview of the FUNCTIONS issue by clicking on the post’s title! ISRE Matters In this issue of Emotion Researcher, we focus on guilt, a potent, multifaceted and profoundly human emotion. We are going to ask four main questions about guilt. First, what is guilt? Second, when ISRE’s President talks about guilt. and how does guilt develop in children? Third, what are the functions of guilt? Fourth, which evolutionary scenarios best explain the origins of guilt? Spotlight An Interview With Jennifer Lerner This issue’s spotlight is on June Gruber, a psychologist from the University of Colorado Boulder who studies the negative side of positive emotions. Read an interview with Jennifer Lerner, one of the world’s leading experts on emotions and decision-making. Jennifer discusses why she came to include emotions in her model of decision- making, and how understanding the interplay between emotions and decisions can help us design better public policies (in the picture, Picasso’s 1937 Guernica). HOME Traffic Count Resources Total reads: 74900 INTERVIEWS ISRE Reads today: 93 Emotion Review ARTICLES Total visitors:58603 Cognition & Emotion Visitors today: 50 SPOTLIGHT Motivation and Emotion Journal of Nonverbal CONTACT Behavior Biological Psychology HOW
    [Show full text]