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Hacı Bektaş Velî Dergâhı Ziyaretçi Defteri (1921-1925)

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Hacı Bektaş Velî Dergâhı Ziyaretçi Defteri (1921-1925) Hasan Demrtaş Hasan Demirtaş 1980 yılında Manisa’nın Alaşehir ilçesi Soğanlı köyünde doğdu. İlkokulu köyünde, ortaokul ve liseyi Alaşehir’de tamamladı. 2002 yılında Muğla Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Tarih Bölümü’nden mezun oldu. 2007 yılında Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Tarih Ana Bilim Dalında yüksek lisans öğrenimini tamamladı. 2004-2007 yılları arasında Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü’nde Araştırma Görevlisi olarak çalıştı. 2007 yılından beri Vakıflar Genel Müdürlüğü’nde çalışmakta olup hâlihazırda Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Tarih Ana Bilim Dalı’nda doktora eğitimine devam etmektedir. Evli ve bir kız çocuğu babasıdır. Hasan Demrtaş VAKIFLAR GENEL MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ YAYINLARI-137 Hacı Bektaş Velî Dergâhı Ziyaretçi Defteri (1921-1925) Vakıflar Genel Müdürlüğü Yayın Kurulunun 25.05.2018 tarihli kararı gereği hakem inceleme süreci başlatılan kitap, Yayın Kurulunun 17.10.2019 tarihli kararıyla basılmıştır. Sahibi Vakıflar Genel Müdürlüğü adına Burhan ERSOY Yayın Koordinatörü Rifat TÜRKER Yayın Sorumlusu Mevlüt ÇAM Teknik Editör Mehmet KURTOĞLU Yazar Hasan DEMİRTAŞ ISBN: 978-975-17-4431-9 Kapak Çalışma Mustafa SUNAR Kapak Hat Şefik Bey’e ait H. 1293 tarihli hat levha (Ankara Etnografya Müzesi Envanter No: 10262) Ön Hazırlık ve Basım Merkez Repro Basım Yayın Matbaa İç ve Dış Tic. Ltd. Şti. 0312 384 78 98 www.merkezrepro.com Adres Vakıflar Genel Müdürlüğü Kültür ve Tescil Daire Başkanlığı Atatürk Bulvarı No: 10 Ulus Altındağ/Ankara Telefon: 0312 5096000 Faks: 0312 3244722 Ankara-2020 İçindekiler V TAKDİM VII ÖNSÖZ IX GİRİŞ XI HACI BEKTAŞ VELÎ VE BEKTAŞİLİK XV HACI BEKTAŞ VELÎ DERGÂHI XV Dergâhın Teşkilatlanması ve Yayılması (XVI-XVIII. YY.) XVII Bektaşiliğin Yasaklanması ve Hacı Bektaş Velî Dergâhı (1826 Sonrası) XIX Milli Mücadele Döneminde Hacı Bektaş Velî Dergâhı (1919-1925) XXI Hacı Bektaş Velî Dergâhı’nın Kapatılması (1925 Sonrası) XXIII Hacı Bektaş Velî Dergâhı’nın Demografik Yapısı XXIX BİRİNCİ BÖLÜM HACI BEKTAŞ VELÎ ZİYARETÇİ DEFTERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ XXXI DEFTERİN FİZİKİ TANITIMI XXXI METNİN HAZIRLANMASINDA İZLENEN YOL XXXII DEFTERİN İÇERİK BAKIMINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ XXXII Defterin Tutulma Şekli XXXIII Hacı Bektaş Velî İsmi XXXIV Dergâhın Yönetimi ve İşleyişi XXXVII Ziyaretçi Sayısı XXXIX Ziyaretçilerin Sosyal Statüleri LIII SONUÇ LV KAYNAKLAR LIX EK: ZİYARETÇİ LİSTESİ LXXXIX İKİNCİ BÖLÜM 1 ZİYARTEÇİ DEFTERİ TRANSKRİPSİYONLU METİN VE TIPKI BASIM 204 DİZİN TAKDİM Hacı Bektaş Velî, XIII. asrın başlarında Horasan’dan Anadolu’ya gelerek yerle- şen, Anadolu’nun Türkleşmesi ve Müslümanlaşmasında önemli rolü olan muta- savvıf şahsiyetlerden biridir. Hoca Ahmet Yesevî’nin Türkistan’da tutuşturduğu meşaleyi Anadolu’ya taşıyan Hacı Bektaş Velî’nin özünde Allah ve insan sevgisi olan, dostluk, hoşgörü, yardımlaşmayı telkin eden fikirleri Bektaşilik adıyla yüz- yılları aşıp günümüze ulaşmıştır. Hacı Bektaş Velî’nin “eline, beline, diline sahip ol” gibi temel öğretileri sadece Bektaşilik mensubu dervişlerle sınırlı kalmamış, Anadolu ve Balkanlar başta olmak üzere pek çok topluluğun benimsediği değer- ler bütünü olmuştur. Hacı Bektaş Velî, Anadolu’nun ortasında, o günkü adı Sulucakaraöyük olan Ha- cıbektaş’ta tekkesini kurarak âyende ve revende olarak tabir olunan, yoldan gelip geçen zengin, fakir, miskin, seyyah, tüccar, müslim-gayrimüslim ayırt etmeksizin ihtiyaç sahibi herkese kapılarını açmış ve dervişleriyle hizmet sunmuştur. Bek- taşiliğin Anadolu ve Balkanlarda yayılması ile birlikte merkezî tekke konumuna gelen Hacı Bektaş Velî Dergâhı, adına kurulan vakıflarla yüzyıllar boyunca hiz- metini sürdürmüştür. Nitekim Genel Müdürlüğümüz arşivinde Hacı Bektaş Velî Hazretlerinin Türbesine Aid Ziyâret Defteri adıyla yer alan ve Hacı Bektaş Velî Dergâhı Ziyaretçi Defteri (1921-1925) adıyla yayına hazırlanan elinizdeki kitap içeriğine bakıldığında görülecektir ki Hacı Bektaş Velî Dergâhı, kuruluşundan yaklaşık yedi yüz yıl sonra kuruluş gayesine uygun olarak hizmet vermektedir. Hacı Bektaş Velî Dergâhı’nın yüzyılları aşan bu kurumsal devamlılığındaki en önemli faktör hiç şüphesiz bir vakıf müessesi oluşudur. 1921-1925 yılları arasında Hacı Bektaş Velî Dergâhı’na gelen ziyaretçilerin, şah- si tecrübe ve gözlemleri ile duygu ve düşüncelerini içeren Ziyaretçi Defteri’ni yayınlamış olmayı önemsiyoruz. Zira yayına hazırlanan bu defterin, özellikle Bektaşilik ve Hacı Bektaş Velî Dergâhı kurumsal tarihi üzerine çalışmalar ile tarih, sosyoloji ve biyografi çalışmalarına kaynaklık edeceğini düşünmekteyiz. Diğer yandan ülkemiz yayın hayatının son on beş-yirmi yıllık dönemi içerisinde hatırat ve günlük gibi otobiyografik anlatı metinlerinin yayınlanmasına yönelik belirgin bir yöneliş olduğu görülmektedir. Tarih araştırmaları başta olmak üzere sosyal bilimler açısından önemli bir yere sahip olan hatırat metinleri, arşiv bel- gesi, kitaplar ve süreli yayınlara ilave olarak destekleyici kaynak olma özelliği taşımaktadır. Bu zaviyeden bakıldığında da yaklaşık yüzyıl önce yaşamış ve yolu V bir şekilde Hacı Bektaş Velî Dergâhı’ndan geçmiş yüzlerce kişinin Osmanlı Türk- çesi ile kaleme aldıkları hatırat kayıtlarının tıpkıbasım ve günümüz harfleri ile yayınlanması kültür tarihimiz açısından önem arz etmektedir. Okuyucular tarafından ilgiyle karşılanacağını düşündüğümüz bu kıymetli eseri kaleme alan araştırmacı Hasan Demirtaş başta olmak üzere yayında emeği geçen- lere teşekkür ederim. Burhan ERSOY Genel Müdür V. VI ÖNSÖZ Bu kitap, 1921-1925 yılları arasında Hacı Bektaş Velî Dergâhı’nın ziyaretçileri için tutulan Hacı Bektaş Velî Hazretlerinin Türbesine Aid Ziyâret Defteri kayıtlarını içermektedir. Çoğunluğu ziyaretçilerin kendi el yazılarından oluşan kayıtlarda ziyaretçinin adı, nereli olduğu, ziyaret sebebi, ne iş yaptığı, daha önce dergâhı ziyaret edip etmediği, konaklayıp konaklamadığı gibi bilgilerle birlikte ziyaretçilerin duygu, düşünce, tespit ve önerileri de yeralmaktadır. Kitap, giriş ve iki bölümden oluşmaktadır. Giriş bölümünde Hacı Bektaş Velî, Bektaşilik ve Hacı Bektaş Velî Dergâhı hakkında genel bilgilere yer verilmiştir. Birinci bölümde, yayına ha- zırlanan ziyaretçi defterinin fiziki tanıtımı yapıldıktan sonra ziyaretçi kayıtları içerik bakımın- dan değerlendirmeye tabi tutularak ziyaretçilerin sosyal statülerine göre bir tasnif yapılmış ve ziyaretçi kayıtlarından örnekler verilmiştir. Ayrıca defterde ziyaret kaydı bulunan bazı zi- yaretçilerin fotoğraflarına yer verilerek çalışma görsel açıdan zenginleştirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bölümün sonuna Ziyaretçi Defteri’ndeki ziyaretçilerin ismi, geldiği yer ve ziyaret tarihlerinin yer aldığı bir liste ile şahıs, yer ve kurum adlarından oluşan karma dizin eklenmiştir. Çalış- manın ikinci bölümünde ise ziyaretçi defterinde yer alan kayıtların transkripsiyon kuralları çerçevesinde Latin harflerine çevrilmiş metni ile tıpkıbasım görüntüleri karşılıklı sayfalarda eşleştirilerek yayınlanmıştır. Bu sayede okuyuculara asıl metin ile çeviri metni birlikte görüp değerlendirme imkanı sağlanmıştır. Okuyucu, birbirinden bağımsız, yüzlerce farklı kişi tarafından kaleme alınmış ziyaretçi notla- rında kimi zaman çocukluğundan beri menkıbelerini işiterek büyüdüğü Hacı Bektaş Velî’nin türbesini ilk defa ziyaret eden birinin, kimi zaman da defaatle ziyeret etmesine rağmen hür- met ve muhabbetini yitirmediğini beyan eden muhibbânın ifadeleriyle karşılacaktır. Kitapta, Kurtuluş Savaşı’nın zor koşulları içerisinde cepheden memleketine dönen bir askerin, Anado- lu’daki Yunan esirlerin durumunu incelemek üzere yolda olan Hilâl-i Ahmer ve Kızılhaç yetki- lilerinin, Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi mebuslarının, seyahatleri esnasında arabaları bozulan bir ailenin, ticaret amacıyla bir şehirden başka bir şehre giden tüccarın ya da parasız olarak Dünyayı dolaşan bir seyyahın duygu ve düşünceleri gibi pek çok anekdot okuyucuya eşlik edecektir. Ziyaretçi kayıtları göstermektedir ki Hacı Bektaş Velî Dergâhı, yüzyıllardır olduğu gibi, en başta manevî motivasyonla feyz almak ve bir vecibeyi yerine getirmek isteyen Bektaşi yolunun yolcularının ziyaretgâhı konumundadır. Hacı Bektaş Velî Dergâhı, kimisinin yol gü- zergâhına tesadüf ettiği için uğradığı, kimisinin memuriyet görevi, iş seyahati veyahut başka sebeplerle konaklama ihtiyacını karşılamak maksadıyla geldiği, kimisinin de zaruretlerden dolayı sığındığı bir çekim merkezidir. Milli Mücadele Dönemi ve Cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarında asker, sivil, bürokrat, memur, mutasavvıf gibi toplumun her kesiminden ziyaretçilerin ve ya- bancı uyruklu misafirlerin uğrağı konumunda olduğu anlaşılan Hacı Bektaş Veli Dergâhı’na gelen ziyaretçilerin imzalı el yazılarından oluşan bu kitap, dergahın konumu ve fonksiyonu hakkında kıymetli veriler ihtiva etmekle birlikte, biyografi çalışmaları açısından da önemli bilgiler sunmaktadır. VII Elinizdeki kitap, bir arşiv çalışanı için en önemli sermaye ve mesleki zenginlik olan okuma becerisini geliştirmeye yönelik bir gayretin ürünüdür. Yaklaşık yüzyıl önce ve farklı kültür çevrelerinden kişilerin el yazılarından oluşan Ziyaretçi Defteri’ndeki kayıtların günümüz harflerine aktarımı esnasındaki katkıları için eşim Arşiv Uzmanı Seher Hatipoğlu Demirtaş’a müteşekkirim. Gerek metnin okunmasında karşılaşılan zorluklar, gerekse kontrol aşamasın- daki çok kıymetli katkıları için kıymetli büyüğüm Emekli Mütercim Ali Çakır beyefendiye hassaten teşekkür ederim. Yabancı ziyaretçiler tarafından farklı dillerde ve kendi el yazılarıyla yazdıkları kayıtların hangi dilde olduğunun tespit edilmesi ve bu metinlerin Türkçeleştirilme- si zor bir süreçti. Bu bağlamda Fransızca çeviriler için Hamza
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