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Recent Fiction by Joan Givner, Lydia Millet, and Amy Plum: Cli-fi Takes Off into a Dark Future —Daniel Bratton Givner, Joan. The Hills Are Shadows. Saskatoon: Sheep, 2014. 256 pp. US$11.95 pb. ISBN Thistledown, 2014. 264 pp. $12.95 pb. ISBN 9781617752766. Print. 9781927068915. Print. Plum, Amy. After the End. New York: Harper, 2014. Millet, Lydia. Pills and Starships. New York: Black 328 pp. US$19.00 pb. ISBN 9780062225603. Print. My journey into the world of middle-grade and young seemed a good idea not to wait any longer and to have a adult environmental fiction began with Canadian look at this trajectory. author Joan Givner. Back in the early 1980s, I came Upon receiving a copy of the second of Givner’s across Givner as a fellow—and earlier—biographer Tennyson trilogy, The Hills Are Shadows, I was curious of Mazo de la Roche. Impressed by her feminist/ as to what has been going on in the field of juvenile psychoanalytical approach to life-writing, I continued to fiction. To be honest, from almost the first page, I was read her stories and essays as they appeared. Her turn rather stunned by Givner’s literary concerns. As most to writing fiction for children, however—Groundwood readers already know, what has happened is that Books published her three Ellen Fremedon mystery novels middle-grade and young adult novels have embraced a between 2005 and 2010—resulted in a bit of a reading much darker vision of our world and our future. hiatus for me. Not only have young people been watching Game of Recently, I discovered that Givner has been at work Thrones and The Walking Dead as part of their vicarious on a fantasy trilogy marketed by her current publisher, rites of passage, but also they have been reading, if not Thistledown Press, for a middle-grade audience. Since the works upon which these television series have been this is the market for which Givner is now writing, it based, Veronica Roth’s Divergent trilogy and Suzanne Jeunesse: Young People, Texts, Cultures 7.2 (2015) 183 Collins’s The Hunger Games books. James Dashner’s The world. That’s just me painting an extreme picture, Maze Runner and its sequels (likewise translated into right, to make a good story? . I wish. film) and books such as Monica Hughes’s The Dream Catcher and Zilpha Keatley Ryder’s Green Sky trilogy Although middle-grade and young adult cli-fi includes have enjoyed tremendous popularity among teens; Lois a wide range of narratives, this review focuses on Lowry’s dystopian novel The Giver, also made recently three recent entries, Givner’s The Hills Are Shadows, into a movie, is another good example. Amy Plum’s After the End, and Lydia Millet’s Pills and Since reading The Hills Are Shadows, however, I Starships. Givner’s trilogy will be rounded out soon, and have come to appreciate that it is part of an even more Plum’s second novel in her “duology,” entitled Until the particular field than middle-grade or young adult fantasy. Beginning, appeared in May 2015. These three particular In her recent article “It’s Not Climate Change—It’s novels, however, all published in 2014, possess several Everything Change,” Margaret Atwood credits blogger correspondences worthy of investigation. Dan Bloom with coining the term “cli-fi” to describe In The Hills Are Shadows, Givner takes four children— fiction about climate change, whether present or not unlike Peter, Susan, Edmund, and Lucy in C. S. Lewis’s impending. Atwood refers as well to Piers Torday, whose The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe—and essentially article in The Guardian summarizes effectively this dumps them in the middle of Cormac McCarthy’s The phenomenon: Road. Givner’s protagonist, Anne Tennyson Miller, who goes by the nickname Tenn, has already been through Cli-fi as a new genre has taken off in a big way and harrowing coming-of-age experiences in the first volume is now being studied by universities all over the world. of the trilogy, A Girl Called Tennyson, referred to in this But don’t make the mistake of confusing it second book as “a pocket of time [that] had opened and with sci-fi. If you think stories showing the effects of closed up again” (10). In this first novel of the trilogy, climate change are still only futuristic fantasies, think Lewis’s wardrobe becomes a British Columbian ferry that again. transports Tenn to another realm, the Greensward. In this For example, I would argue that the only truly second book, Givner’s protagonist returns from her first fantastical element in my books is that the animals adventure to discover that “a catastrophe in another part talk. To one boy. Other cli-fi elements of my story of the world” has changed everything from the weather to that are often described as fantastical or dystopian, the ocean at home. Dark forces have been loosed on the include the death of nearly all the animals in the world, with “armies on the march everywhere” (25). 184 Daniel Bratton Jeunesse: Young People, Texts, Cultures 7.2 (2015) It is perhaps not coincidental that Tennyson’s first perpetually rising, a hungry beast “nipping at their heels name is Anne. In Givner’s novel, it is as though Anne of like an angry dog” (150), a “great monster after its prey” Green Gables has stumbled into the twenty-first century, (199). Tenn leaves behind all the associations that a middle- holding on to her belief in “kindred spirits” and in the grade reader might hold dear—her home, with all its happy transformative power of poetry—like L. M. Montgomery’s memories of family; her school, whose library, theatre, Anne, Tenn even shares a love of the Victorians, in and classrooms will soon be submerged in water, full of particular her namesake—only to find herself in the middle the fearful monsters that have appeared in the harbour of of an apocalypse. Driftwood Bay; and her community, which has already Tenn and her friend Una from the Greensward hit been utterly abandoned. the road in the company of two mysterious boys from a Things do not improve once they are on the road. Not faraway country, and together, they flee the ever-rising and only are the children held up at gunpoint after taking shelter menacing tides that swallow up Tenn’s home, school, and in an abandoned Winnebago, but also they are imprisoned community. Some time ago, Tenn’s parents and brother at a farmstead by a group of hedonists. Readers who had headed to the distant mountains to escape from this came of age in the 1960s may be attracted to the carpe catastrophe while she was occupied fighting the forces of diem philosophy espoused in songs such as “Let’s Live for evil in another time and place. Today” or treated in the later film Dead Poets Society, but The uncanny thing about all this is that the setting is in Givner’s world, not worrying about tomorrow means that clearly Vancouver Island. Driftwood Bay, Tenn’s deluged one will likely drown in the ever-rising sea. There’s no room hometown, reflects aspects of Mill Bay, to which Givner for anything but thoughts of raw survival, as the children retired after many years as a professor of English at the discover even when finally they escape to the mountains. University of Regina. Salish Island, reached by ferry, At the last farmhouse before this wilderness, a wise suggests Salt Spring Island. This may be fantasy, but at woman provides shelter and provisions; she even sends the same time it is set frighteningly in our own Canadian her devoted German shepherd, Kaya, to protect Wen, the landscape in a not-too-distant future. Givner seems to be youngest of the boys. There is scant comfort here either, issuing a literary wake-up call to her young readers, telling however: Kaya is soon killed saving their lives, fending off a them that they had better prepare themselves for such vicious bear, which retreats into the forest to die. Wen is so eventualities. traumatized by the death of his beloved dog that he enters a And what a world Tenn and her three companions state of physical decline that eventually will lead him to the discover once they embark on their quest! The sea is brink of death. Jeunesse: Young People, Texts, Cultures 7.2 (2015) Daniel Bratton 185 The children understand further the need for basic survival when, upon finally getting to the mountains after days of near starvation, they are taken prisoner (again) and brought to a place called Bamberfield. This military camp existed for a long time before the present catastrophe, housing a group of insane survivalists led by a cult figure, Bamberfield himself. Prisoners and hostages live four to five in cramped and foul cages, facing starvation. The four captives are relatively lucky, finally being left on the mountainside without food or shelter. Fortunately, they are rescued by two compassionate scouts from another mountain settlement, Camp Eyrie, who lead Tenn to her family, along with many other former residents of Driftwood Bay, who have built a communal Prisoners and hostages society. Her joy in being reunited with her parents and her brother live four to five in is cut short at the end of the novel when Tenn realizes that she and cramped and foul cages, Zumi, the older of the two boys from the mysterious mountain kingdom, will fill the place of the two scouts who have been facing starvation.

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