DOCSLIB.ORG

No. 34 the Transition to Adulthood Is Spain

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
No. 34 the Transition to Adulthood Is Spain Social Studies Collection No. 34 The Transition 34to Adulthood in Spain Economic Crisis and Late Emancipation Almudena Moreno Mínguez (coordinator) Antonio López Peláez Sagrario Segado Sánchez-Cabezudo WELFARE PROJECTS. THE SPirit of ”la Caixa”. Social Studies Collection No. 34 The Transition to Adulthood in Spain Economic Crisis and Late Emancipation Almudena Moreno Mínguez (coordinator) Antonio López Peláez Sagrario Segado Sánchez-Cabezudo With the collaboration of Alberto Juliá Cano Enrique Crespo Ballesteros Published by ”la Caixa” Welfare Projects Governing Bodies of ”la Caixa” Welfare Projects WELFARE PROJECTS COMMITTEE Chairman Isidro Fainé Casas Deputy Chairman Salvador Gabarró Serra, Javier Godó Muntañola Members Montserrat Cabra Martorell, Francesc Homs Ferret, Xavier Ibarz Alegria, Juan-José López Burniol, Mario López Martínez, Justo Bienvenido Novella Martínez Secretary (non trustee) Alejandro García-Bragado Dalmau Deputy Secretary (non trustee) Óscar Calderón de Oya Managing Director Juan María Nin Génova Executive Director of ”la Caixa” Welfare Projects Jaime Lanaspa Gatnau BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE ”la Caixa” FOUNDATION Chairman Isidro Fainé Casas Honorary Chairman José Vilarasau Salat 1st Deputy Chairman Ricardo Fornesa Ribó Deputy Chairman Salvador Gabarró Serra, Javier Godó Muntañola, Juan Maria Nin Génova Trustees Eva Aurín Pardo, Victoria Barber Williams, Maria Teresa Bassons Boncompte, Montserrat Cabra Martorell, José Francisco de Conrado i Villalonga, Josep-Delfí Guàrdia Canela, Monika Habsburg Lothringen, Francesc Homs Ferret, Xavier Ibarz Alegria, Juan-José López Burniol, Mario López Martínez, Maria Dolors Llobet María, Estefanía Judit Martín Puente, Miquel Noguer Planas, Justo Bienvenido Novella Martínez, Jordi Portabella Calvete, Ana Robles Gordaliza, Leopoldo Rodés Castañé, Josep Joan Simón Carreras, Javier Solana Madariaga, Roberto Tapia Conyer, Josep-Francesc Zaragozà Alba Managing Director Jaime Lanaspa Gatnau Secretary (trustee) Alejandro García-Bragado Dalmau Deputy Secretary (trustee) Óscar Calderón de Oya Publication The Transition to Adulthood in Spain: Economic Crisis and Late Emancipation Design and production ”la Caixa” Welfare Projects Publication Author Almudena Moreno Mínguez (coordinator) Antonio López Peláez Sagrario Segado Sánchez-Cabezudo Design and layout CEGE Printing Publidisa Translated by Jed Rosenstein Coordination of publication: Fellowship Programs and Social Studies © Almudena Moreno Mínguez, Antonio López Peláez © ”la Caixa” Welfare Projects, 2012 Av. Diagonal, 621 - 08028 Barcelona The opinions expressed in the documents in this collection are ISBN: 978-84-9900-070-1 the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily D.L.: B22080-2012 reflect those of the ”la Caixa” Foundation. ALMUDENA MORENO MÍNGUEZ is Professor of Sociology at the University of Valladolid, Spain. She has a PhD in sociology from the Autonomous University of Barcelona and is the author of many publications on young people, family change, welfare states and the situation of women. She has been a visiting scholar at Oxford University, the University of Turin, the University of Chicago and the University of Gothenburg. Most recently she edited the monograph «Family well-being: European perspectives» (Social Indicators Research 49, 2012), and she has published articles in European Societies, Revista de Educación and Young: Nordic Journal of Youth Research, among others. She is the co-author of the Informe de Juventud [Youth Report] 2008. ANTONIO LÓPEZ PELÁEZ is a Full Professor of Social Work and Social Services in the Department of Social Work, Faculty of Law, of the Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, UNED [National Distance Education University], the largest public university in Spain. He has a PhD in Philosophy and Sociology. His research interests include: analysis of social problems of interculturality, methods of social intervention, intersections of new technologies and social work. He has been visiting scholar at the School of Social Welfare (University of California, Berkeley, USA), the University at Potsdam (Germany) and Americana University in Nicaragua. He is the director of Comunitania. International Journal of Social Work and Social Sciences. He recently served as editor of the monograph «Juventud y trabajo social» [Youth and Social Work], (Revista de Estudios de Juventud 97, 2012). SAGRARIO SEGADO SÁNCHEZ-CABEZUDO is an assistant professor of Social Work and Social Services at the Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, UNED [National Distance Education University]. He has a PhD in social work and a bachelor’s degree in psychology. His research is focused on the analysis of social problems in families, youth and childhood and on methods of social intervention. He has been a visiting researcher at the University of California and the University of Potsdam. His recent publications include Nuevas tendencias en trabajo social con familias: una propuesta para la práctica desde el empowerment [New trends in social work with families: a proposal for an empowerment-based practice] (2011). Table of Contents Presentation 11 Introduction 13 Background and justification for the study 13 Hypothesis, objectives and methodology 15 Structure of the study 18 I. Theoretical framework: the interpretative context of transitions to adulthood 20 1.1. Major theoretical paradigms on transitions to adulthood 21 1.2. Destandardisation and individualisation: the new situation of young people 27 1.3. Transitional models in different types of welfare regimes 32 II. The processes of transition to adulthood in Europe from a comparative perspective 38 2.1. Attitudinal profiles toward transitions to adulthood: a typological analysis 39 2.2. Social assessment of transitional markers of entry into adulthood 41 2.3. Lifestyles of Europe’s young people 51 2.4. School to work transitions among young people in Europe 57 III. Family and residential transitions 70 3.1. Emancipation and residential transitions of young people in Spain 70 3.2. Determining factors in emancipation paths in times of crisis 77 3.3. Forming a couple and a family 87 3.4. Lifestyles and family typologies 94 IV. School to work transitions and health 101 4.1. Young people’s transitions by education level and gender 103 4.2. Integration in the labour market, professional careers and overqualification 116 4.3. Young people’s health 123 4.4. The importance of education, employment and health 134 V. Young people’s transitions, social services and policies 137 5.1. Social policy and young people’s transitions 141 5.2. Young people, participation and failed transitions: What is the role of social services? 150 5.3. Social services and preventing vulnerability in young people 156 5.4. From social services to NGOs: a two-way street? 159 5.5. The need for youth policies in times of economic crisis 162 Conclusion 163 General conclusions 163 Specific conclusions 166 Challenges for the 21st century 171 Methodological appendix 176 Bibliography 180 Index of tables and graphs 195 Presentation Youth is the stage in life in which individuals prepare to assume the responsibilities of adulthood, define their life projects and establish their future priorities and objectives. To accomplish these things young people must have opportunities and incentives that stimulate and foster their personal development and engage them in becoming active participants in the improvement of society. The educational opportunities and personal and consumer freedoms of young people today are incomparably greater than those of their parents and grandparents. However, uncertainties about the future and the diversity of possible life paths have turned the transition to adulthood into a complex and potentially difficult process. For example, in recent decades we have seen a significant delay in the age at which young people take on the tasks and functions traditionally associated with adult life. In Spain, statistics indicate that on average young people do not leave their parents’ home until they are close to thirty years old. At the same time, as it has become more difficult to find a stable job that provides the resources needed to become independent, the years dedicated to education and training have increased. As a consequence, many young couples end up delaying having children until they are well into their thirties. The economic and employment crisis that Spain has been suffering since 2008 has increased the difficulty of the transition to adulthood, reducing opportunities and increasing insecurity. This lack of opportunity can undermine the confidence young people need to construct viable projects to achieve independence, thus, increasing the risk of social exclusion and conflict with older generations. 11 The authors of this study review the main processes involved in the transition to adulthood among Spanish young people. They do so from a dual perspective. First, they compare the Spanish situation with that of other European countries, distinguishing different models and identifying the specificities of the Spanish case. Secondly, they analyse the extent to which the economic crisis is transforming, or perhaps accentuating, certain tendencies in the way young people approach adult responsibilities. The authors also analyse youth policies and their effectiveness in facilitating the process of insertion of young people into society. Their analysis focuses on governments at the local, regional and national levels, together with a review of European Union policy.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Introducing a Basic Income System in Spain. Feasibility and Cost
    Introducing a Basic Income system in Spain. Feasibility and cost. Paper prepared for the Basic Income European Network 10th Congress Barcelona, 19-20 September 2004 Rafael Pinilla-Pallejà* and Luis Sanzo-González** Correspondence: Rafael Pinilla-Pallejà. Área de Sanidad de la Delegación del Gobierno en Valencia. Sanidad Exterior. Muelle de la Aduana, s/n. Puerto de Valencia. 46024 Valencia (Spain). [email protected] Acknowledgements: We are grateful for financial support from “Fundación Alternativas”. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed in this paper are of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Ministry of Public Affairs, or the Basque Government. This document includes results from Espasim Difusión V.!. Un modelo de micro-simulación para evaluar reformas del sistema de impuestos y subsidios en España" © Levy, Mercader y Planas, 2002. A description of EspaSim can be found at http://selene.uab.es/espasim. The authors of the software do not accept any responsibility derived from the analysis presented in this document. * Ministry of Public Affairs, Valencia. ** Justice, Labour and Social Security Department. Basque Government, Vitoria. Abstract: We present the major lines of a basic income proposal for Spain has published by ‘Fundación Alternativas’ early in 2004. The main aim of our work is to promote economical and political debate about basic income in our country showing several options supported by data and arguments. The proposal includes a deep reform of fiscal and social protection systems. The reform would be implemented by an income flat-tax reform and includes a simple refundable tax credit for all. We have used the micro-simulator EspaSim to analyse the feasibility and potential cost of such reform.
    [Show full text]
  • Transgenic Crops in Spain
    TRANSGENIC CROPS IN SPAIN FRANCISCO GARCÍA-OLMEDO Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos, Madrid, Spain 9.1 Introduction The rate of introduction of transgenic crops in Spanish agriculture has been limited by a number of adverse factors, some of which are linked to specific local circumstances, while others are common to most European Union (EU) member countries. Because of its dry climate, Spain is the main European importer of feed grains, mainly soybeans and corn. The public was introduced to transgenic crops through the appearance of press headlines reporting dem- onstrations by nongovernmental organizations protesting transgenic grains at ports of entry. The main purpose of this chapter is to examine the present status and fiíture prospects of some key transgenic crops, such as corn and cortón. How- ever, in order to understand the current impact and fiíture potential of such crops in Spanish agriculture, some background facts and a brief description of the general scenario are pertinent. We will begin by briefly considering some relevant characteristics of Spanish agriculture, the R&D potential of the coun- try, and the legal backdrop. 9.2 Some Facts About Spanish Agriculture Spain has over 19 million ha under cultivation. Approximately 3.6 million ha are irrigated, which represents a sizable fraction of the 11.6 million irrígated ha in the 15 EU countries. Average rainfall over the last 15 years has been about 630 mm, but there is considerable variation, both from year to year (553 mm to 893 mm) and among the different river basins (from 1250 mm in the North to less than 300 mm in the South East).
    [Show full text]
  • Ageing in Spain Ageing in Spain
    SECOND WORLD ASSEMBLY ON AGEING • APRIL 2002 Ageing in Spain SECOND WORLD ASSEMBLY ON AGEING • APRIL 2002 SECOND WORLD ASSEMBLY Ageing in Spain ISBN 84-8446-046-0 SECRETARÍA GENERAL SECRETARÍA GENERAL DE ASUNTOS SOCIALES DE ASUNTOS SOCIALES INSTITUTO DE INSTITUTO DE MIGRACIONES Y MIGRACIONES Y Observatorio SERVICIOS SOCIALES SERVICIOS SOCIALES 9 788484 460466 8 de personas Mayores PRICE: 10 € AGEING IN SPAIN SECOND WORLD ASSEMBLY ON AGEING APRIL 2002 AGEING IN SPAIN SECOND WORLD ASSEMBLY ON AGEING APRIL 2002 DEPUTY ADMINISTRATION FOR THE GERONTOLOGY PLAN AND PROGRAMS FOR THE ELDERLY COORDINATED BY: MAYTE SANCHO CASTIELLO HEAD OF THE OBSERVATORY OF ELDERLY PERSONS MAIN CONTRIBUTORS: ANTONIO ABELLÁN SPANISH COUNCIL FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH (CSIC) LOURDES PÉREZ ORTIZ AUTONOMOUS UNIVERSITY OF MADRID JOSE ANTONIO MIGUEL POLO WOMEN’S INSTITUTE TECHNICAL SUPPORT: Mª del Carmen Martín Loras IMSERSO Guillermo Spottorno Giner Spanish Council for Scientific Research Translated by Michel Angstadt (COMPUEDICION, S.L.) 1st Edition, 2002 © Institute of Migrations and Social Services (IMSERSO) 2002 Published by: Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs General Secretary of Social Affairs Institute of Migrations and Social Services (IMSERSO) Avda. de la Ilustración, s/n. C/v. A Ginzo de Limia,58 Tel: +34 91 363 89 35 NIPO: 209-02-024-0 ISBN: 84-8446-046-0 Depósito Legal: M-15.718-2002 Imprime: ARTEGRAF, S.A. Sebastián Gómez, 5 - 28026 Madrid Tel. 91 475 42 12 Contents Presentation ................................................. 13 4.2.2. The Evolution of the Calendar for Leaving the Labour Force ................. 54 Highlights ...................................................... 15 4.2.3. Population Ageing and the Size of La- bour Force: Projections ....................
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of Population Distribution on the Iberian Peninsula: a Transnational Approach (1877–2001)
    VHIM #804787, VOL 46, ISS 3 The Evolution of Population Distribution on the Iberian Peninsula: A Transnational Approach (1877–2001) LUIS´ ESPINHA DA SILVEIRA, DANIEL ALVES, MARCO PAINHO, ANA CRISTINA COSTA AND ANA ALCANTARAˆ QUERY SHEET This page lists questions we have about your paper. The numbers displayed at left can be found in the text of the paper for reference. In addition, please review your paper as a whole for correctness. Q1. Au: Please spell out EEC. Q2. Au: Ok to add “(c)” before the last part of this sentence? Q3. Au: Please spell out DTM. Q4. Au: Ok to add “See Figure 1” here? Q5. Au: In Perez´ Moreda 2004 reference, please provide editor(s). TABLE OF CONTENTS LISTING The table of contents for the journal will list your paper exactly as it appears below: The Evolution of Population Distribution on the Iberian Peninsula: A Transnational Approach (1877–2001) Lu´ıs Espinha Da Silveira, Daniel Alves, Marco Painho, Ana Cristina Costa and Ana Alcantaraˆ HISTORICAL METHODS, July–September 2013, Volume 46, Number 3 Copyright C Taylor & Francis Group, LLC The Evolution of Population Distribution on the Iberian Peninsula: A Transnational Approach (1877–2001) LUIS´ ESPINHA DA SILVEIRA DANIEL ALVES Instituto de Historia´ Contemporanea,ˆ Universidade Nova de Lisboa MARCO PAINHO ANA CRISTINA COSTA Instituto Superior de Estat´ıstica e Gestao˜ da Informac¸ao,˜ Universidade Nova de Lisboa ANA ALCANTARAˆ Instituto de Historia´ Contemporanea,ˆ Universidade Nova de Lisboa Abstract. Surpassing the national perspective usually adopted, the of geographic factors in their explanation. At the same time, this authors confirmed the existence of a pattern of population distri- verification opens up new issues related to the effect of national bution common to the whole Iberian Peninsula in the long run.
    [Show full text]
  • Report03.Pdf
    2003 Economic Report on Andalusia © 2004, by Consejería de Economía y Hacienda 2003, Junta de Andalucía Written by Secretaría General de Economía Translated by Jayne Cotgreave and Pedro Satué Published by Servicio de Asesoría Técnica y Publicaciones Designed and printed by: ISBN: 00-0000-000-0 Legal deposit: SE-0000/2004 Printed in Seville, Spain Table of Contents 1. World Economy 9 2. Spanish Economy 33 3. Overview of the Andalusian Ecnomy 47 4. Population 69 5. Productive Sectors 83 Primary Sector 85 Industrial Sector 97 Construction Sector 111 Service Sector 123 6. Aggregate Demand 135 7. Foreign Trade and Investment in Andalusia 147 8. Structure of the Business Sector 171 9. Labour Market 183 10. Prices, Labour Costs and Income 205 11. Banking System 223 12. Andalusia in the Context of the Spanish Regions 239 13. Convergence Between Andalusia and the European Union 259 14. New Economy and Knowledge Society in Andalusia 271 List of Tables 309 List of Charts 315 List of Boxes 323 ECONOMIC REPORT ON ANDALUSIA 2003 Presentation The Regional Ministry of Economy and Finance presents its sixteenth annual Economic Report on Andalusia for 2003. The incipient world economic recovery of 2002 fi rmed in 2003, after a poor growth performance in 2001, the weakest since the early nineties. Spurred by highly expansive macroeconomic policies, economic growth rates were faster than the previous year, surpassing initial forecasts, and infl ation remained relatively tame. The economic recovery gained momentum in 2003 and was signifi cant in its geographical extent, with most of the economic regions around the world benefi ting from the upturn.
    [Show full text]
  • Corporal Punishment by Parents and Child-To-Parent Aggression in Spanish Adolescents
    anales de psicología, 2018, vol. 34, nº 1 (january), 108-116 © Copyright 2018: Editum. Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia. Murcia (Spain) http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesps.34.1.259601 ISSN print edition: 0212-9728. ISSN web edition (http://revistas.um.es/analesps): 1695-2294 Corporal punishment by parents and child-to-parent aggression in Spanish adolescents Joana Del Hoyo-Bilbao1*, Manuel Gámez-Guadix2, and Esther Calvete1 1 University of Deusto (Spain). 2 Autonomous University of Madrid (Spain). Título: Castigo físico de padres y madres a hijos e hijas y Violencia filio- Abstract: Child-to-parent aggression (CPA) is a social problem that is re- parental entre adolescentes españoles ceiving much attention because of the increasing frequency and the conse- Resumen: La Violencia Filio-parental (VFP) es un problema social que es- quences for its victims. The primary aim of this study was to assess the tá recibiendo gran atención, debido al aumento de su frecuencia y a las longitudinal relationship between receiving corporal punishment (CP) and consecuencias para sus víctimas. El principal objetivo del estudio fue eva- perpetrating physical and psychological CPA in adolescents. The second luar las relaciones longitudinales entre recibir castigo físico (CF) y perpetrar aim was to investigate whether receiving CP in a positive parenting con- VFP física y psicológica en adolescentes. Un segundo objetivo fue estudiar text, age and sex of the adolescent, moderated the relationship between si la relación entre el CF y la VFP es moderada por el contexto parental en CP and CPA. A total of 896 adolescents (527 girls) between the ages of 13 el que el CF es usado, la edad o el género del adolescente.
    [Show full text]
  • The Transition to Adulthood in Spain 34Economic Crisis and Late Emancipation
    Social Studies Collection No. 34 The Transition to Adulthood in Spain 34Economic Crisis and Late Emancipation Almudena Moreno Mínguez (coordinator) Antonio López Peláez Sagrario Segado Sánchez-Cabezudo 1 WelfArE Projects. ThE spiriT of ”la CAixA”. Social Studies Collection No. 34 The Transition to Adulthood in Spain Economic Crisis and Late Emancipation Almudena Moreno Mínguez (coordinator) Antonio López Peláez Sagrario Segado Sánchez-Cabezudo With the collaboration of Alberto Juliá Cano Enrique Crespo Ballesteros Publication: ”la Caixa” Welfare Projects Author: Almudena Moreno Mínguez (coord.), Antonio López Peláez, Sagrario Segado Sánchez-Cabezudo Translated by: Jed Rosenstein Design and layout: CEgE Coordination of publication: Fellowship Programs and Social Studies © Almudena Moreno Mínguez, Antonio López Peláez, Sagrario Segado Sánchez-Cabezudo © ”la Caixa” Welfare Projects, 2012 Av. Diagonal, 621 - 08028 Barcelona ALMuDENA MoRENo MíNguEz is Professor of Sociology at the visiting scholar at the School of Social Welfare (University of university of Valladolid, Spain. She has a PhD in sociology from California, Berkeley, USA), the University at potsdam (Germany) the Autonomous university of Barcelona and is the author of and Americana University in nicaragua. He is the director of many publications on young people, family change, welfare Comunitania. International Journal of Social Work and Social states and the situation of women. She has been a visiting scholar Sciences. He recently served as editor of the monograph «Juventud at oxford
    [Show full text]
  • Spain and Catalonia
    Bachelor thesis Europe’s colonial past backfiring into the regions: Spain and Catalonia Wouter Hunnekens S4626508 Bachelor Thesis Human Geography Radboud University Nijmegen Bachelor Thesis Europe’s colonial past backfiring into regions: Spain and Catalonia The changing relationship between European countries and their regions in a postcolonial Europe Author: Course: Mentor: Wouter Hunnekens Bachelor thesis Human Dr. O.T. Kramsch S4626508 Geography [email protected] Nijmegen School of Management Radboud University Nijmegen 12th August, 2016 2 Preface Finally, this is my bachelor thesis. It was difficult to figure out want I wanted to investigate. I wanted to combine history and geography with something modern and present. Something that everybody hears about on the news, something that is a real problem in present Europe. Then two components came together: Europe’s colonial past and the constantly news reports on the Scottish referendum and Catalonia’s independence strive and the way. These two components came together to formulate my hypothesis that Europe’s colonial past is in some way ‘backfiring’ into its own nation states. I have always thought that the current map of Europe would not change because I haven’t seen the border change like my parents or grandparents have. I haven’t seen and live through the collapse of the Soviet Union, the unification of East and West Germany and the breakup of Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia. Europe’s borders are not and have never been steady or a fact. That’s why I wanted to investigate a new threat to Europe’s borders, the threat from the regions inside Europe’s nation states to seek greater autonomy or independence, just like Indonesia, India, Congo, Algeria and other colonies once did.
    [Show full text]
  • The Accommodation of Nationalism Regional Nationalist Parties and Territorial Restructuring in Great Britain, Spain and Belgium
    Department of Political and Social Sciences The Accommodation of Nationalism Regional Nationalist Parties and Territorial Restructuring in Great Britain, Spain and Belgium Simon Toubeau Thesis submitted for assessment with a view to obtaining the degree of Doctor of Political and Social Sciences of the European University Institute Florence June 2010 EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE Department of Political and Social Sciences The Accommodation of Nationalism Regional Nationalist Parties and Territorial Restructuring in Great Britain, Spain and Belgium Simon Toubeau Thesis submitted for assessment with a view to obtaining the degree of Doctor of Political and Social Sciences of the European University Institute Examining Board: Prof. Michael Keating, University of Aberdeen and EUI ( Supervisor) Prof. Peter Mair, EUI Prof. Kris Deschouwer, Vrije Universiteit Brussel Prof. Charlie Jeffery, University of Edinburgh © 2010, Simon Toubeau No part of this thesis may be copied, reproduced or transmitted without prior permission of the author Toubeau, Simon (2010), The Accommodation of Nationalism: Regional Nationalist Parties and Territorial Restructuring in Great Britain, Spain and Belgium European University Institute DOI: 10.2870/17572 Table of Contents Figures 3 List of Abbreviations 4 Acknowledgements 6 Abtract 7 1. Introduction 8 Part I: The Framework for Analysis 2. Regional Nationalism and Territorial Restructuring 17 The Structures of Multinational Societies 18 The Institutionalisation of the Territorial Cleavage 21 Territory and Nation
    [Show full text]
  • Business-Gateway-Spain.Pdf
    PROVISIONNAL CONTENT Welcome Message by His Excellency Mr. Jose Luis ZAPATERO, President of the Government of the Kingdom of Spain Introductory Message by Mr Pedro SOLBES, Minister of Economy and Finance Interview with Mr Miquel VALLS, President of the Chamber of Commerce, Industry and Navigation of Barcelona BACKGROND OF SPAIN Geography land – including the Balearic Islands, the Canary Islands and three small islands off the coast of Modern Spain’s 40,341,462 people (July 2005 est) Morocco: Islas Chafarinas, Penon de Alhumeca and speak four different languages, Castilian Spanish is Penon de Velez de la Gomera. the official language of the nation and is spoken by 74% of the population as a first language. Catalan is Spain’s second longest land border is with France the first language of 17% of the people and the along the Pyrenees to the North, the 623km border is official language of the Catalan regions. 7% speak broken for 63.7km by Andorra. Its shortest, 1.2km Galician and 2% speak Basque both of which have border, is with the UK outpost of Gibraltar – the official status as regional languages. 97.9% of the status of which is frequently discussed between the population over 15 can read and write. governments of the UK and Spain. The longest land border, 1,214km is with Portugal which occupies the Roman Catholicism is the religion of 94% of the majority of the peninsula’s Atlantic coast. population across the 499,542 sq km of Spainish ECONOMIC STRENGTHS OF SPAIN Interview with Mr. Jose MONTILLA AGUILERA, Minister of Industry, Tourism and Trade INTRODUCTION TO THE SPANISH ECONOMY Economic Picture of Spain in Spain, although in terms of foodstuffs, hypermarkets have lost out to supermarkets, the Buoyed up on dynamic consumer spending Spain’s latter being a smaller commercial format and a lot economy is performing well.
    [Show full text]
  • Country Report for Spain April, 2013
    GROWING INEQUALITIES AND ITS IMPACTS IN SPAIN Ada Ferrer-i-Carbonell Xavier Ramos Mónica Oviedo (UAB) Country Report for Spain April, 2013 GINI Country Report Spain GINI Country Report Spain Table of Contents Executive Summary .................................................................................................................................. 1 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 6 2. The nature of inequality and its development over time ..................................................................13 2.1 Has inequality grown? ..................................................................................................................13 2.1.1 Household income inequality ..................................................................................... 13 2.1.2. Wealth and debt inequality ....................................................................................... 20 2.1.3 Labour market inequality ........................................................................................... 21 2.1.4 Educational inequality ................................................................................................ 35 2.2 Whom has it affected? .................................................................................................................40 2.3 Interdependence between various inequalities ..........................................................................45 2.4
    [Show full text]
  • Unequal Mortality During the Spanish Flu Sergi Basco, Jordi Domènech and Joan R
    Economic History Working Papers No: 325 Unequal Mortality during the Spanish Flu Sergi Basco, Universitat de Barcelona; Jordi Domènech, Carlos III de Madrid; and Joan R. Rosés, LSE February 2021 Economic History Department, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE, London, UK. T: +44 (0) 20 7955 7084. Unequal Mortality During the Spanish Flu Sergi Basco, Jordi Domènech and Joan R. Rosés• Keywords: Pandemics, Health Inequality, Socio-Economic Mortality Differences, Urban Penalty. JEL codes: N34, J1, I14 Abstract The outburst of deaths and cases of Covid-19 around the world has renewed the interest to understand the mortality effects of pandemics across regions, occupations, age and gender. The Spanish Flu is the closest pandemic to Covid-19. Mortality rates in Spain were among the largest in today’s developed countries. Our research documents a substantial heterogeneity on mortality rates across occupations. The highest mortality was on low-income workers. We also record a rural mortality penalty that reversed the historical urban penalty temporally. The higher capacity of certain social groups to isolate themselves from social contact could explain these mortality differentials. However, adjusting mortality evidence by these two factors, there were still large mortality inter-provincial differences for the same occupation and location, suggesting the existence of a regional component in rates of flu contagion possibly related to climatic differences. 1. Introduction Mortality rates during modern pandemics are unequal (Bambra et al, 2020; Chen and Krieger, 2021; Feigenbaum et al. 2019; Turner-Musa at al., 2020). Pandemic deaths hit countries, regions, sexes, ages and social classes with a surprisingly large variation in intensity.
    [Show full text]