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DESDE EL OJO DE LA CÁMARA TRAMPA Mamíferos, Aves Y Reptiles Del Río La Novia (Purús, Perú)

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DESDE EL OJO DE LA CÁMARA TRAMPA Mamíferos, Aves Y Reptiles Del Río La Novia (Purús, Perú) DESDE EL OJO DE LA CÁMARA TRAMPA Mamíferos, aves y reptiles del río La Novia (Purús, Perú) Hiromi Yagui Briones Heidi Rubio Torgler Jose Luis Mena Álvarez Cómo citar este libro: Hiromi Yagui Briones, Heidi Rubio Torgler, José Luis Mena Álvarez (2015). Desde el ojo de la cámara trampa. Consorcio Purús-Manu: WWF, CARE Perú, ProNaturaleza, ProPurús, Sociedad Zoológica de Fráncfort, ORAU. Lima, noviembre de 2015. Primera edición: 2015 © WWF Perú Razón social: World Wildlife Fund Inc. Domicilio: Av. Trinidad Morán 853, Lince Teléfono: (511) 440-5550 Impreso en Ediciones Nova Print S.A.C. Av. Ignacio Merino 1546 Lince 1000 ejemplares Autores: Hiromi Yagui Briones, Heidi Rubio Torgler, Jose Luis Mena Álvarez Fotos: WWF Perú Dibujos a tinta: Felipe Morey Gamarra Gráficos: Hiromi Yagui Briones Edición de mapas: Alejandro Tello Martínez, Hiromi Yagui Briones Edición de estilo: Jhonathan Jara Giudiche Diagramación: Jorge Kajatt Producido en Perú, 2015 Esta publicación ha sido posible gracias al apoyo del Pueblo de los Estados Unidos de América a través de la Agencia de los Estados Unidos para el Desarrollo Internacional (USAID). Las opiniones aquí expresadas son las del autor(es) y no reflejan necesariamente la opinión de USAID ni del Gobierno de los Estados Unidos. Agradecimientos Un agradecimiento especial a los miembros de MABOSINFRON; al señor Carlos Loja Manuyama e Isaías Pérez Ramírez, quienes dedicaron todo su tiempo para la ejecución de las actividades en campo, quienes fueron grandes guías en campo que también llegaron a manejar de manera óptima las cámaras instaladas y a los señores Amancio Flores Lomas (en ese entonces presidente de la organización) y a Miguel Ruiz Pérez por la ayuda en todo momento para que la investigación se pueda desarrollar sin ningún contratiempo. También agradecemos de manera sincera a los señores Sambrano Campos Villanueva, Royer Campos Pinedo y Juan López Meléndez por el apoyo como asistentes de campo, cocineros, motoristas y toda labor que haya sido necesaria ejecutar. Asimismo, un profundo agradecimiento a Alfonso Zúñiga y Max Villacorta, quienes lideraron el trabajo de instalación de cámaras en campo. Finalmente, agradecemos a San Diego Zoo por el préstamo de algunas cámaras durante la evaluación. Contenido PRESENTACIÓN 8 PRÓLOGO 10 INTRODUCCIÓN 11 MARSUPIALES 13 Didelphis marsupialis Linnaeus, 1758 15 Philander opossum (Linnaeus, 1758) 19 Metachirus nudicaudatus (É. Geoffroy, 1803) 25 ARMADILLOS 29 Cabassous unicinctus (Linnaeus, 1758) 31 Priodontes maximus (Kerr, 1792) 35 Dasypus kappleri Krauss, 1862 39 Dasypus novemcinctus Linnaeus, 1758 43 PEREZOSOS Y HORMIGUEROS 47 Choloepus hoffmanni Peters, 1858 49 Tamandua tetradactyla (Linnaeus, 1758) 53 Myrmecophaga tridactyla Linnaeus, 1758 59 MONOS DEL NUEVO MUNDO 63 Cebus albifrons (Humboldt, 1812) 65 Sapajus apella (Linnaeus, 1758) 69 Saimiri boliviensis (I. Geoffroy y Blainville, 1803) 75 CARNÍVOROS 79 Leopardus pardalis (Linnaeus, 1758) 81 Leopardus wiedii (Schinz, 1821) 85 Panthera onca (Linnaeus, 1758) 89 Puma yagouaroundi (É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803) 93 Puma concolor (Linnaeus, 1771) 97 Nasua nasua (Linnaeus, 1766) 103 Eira barbara (Linnaeus, 1758) 107 Atelocynus microtis (Scatler, 1883) 111 TAPIR 115 Tapirus terrestris (Linnaeus, 1758) 117 SAJINOS Y VENADOS 121 Pecari tajacu (Linnaeus, 1758) 123 Mazama americana (Erxleben, 1777) 127 AÑUJE, MAJÁZ Y ARDILLAS 131 Dasyprocta variegata (Tschudii, 1845) 133 Myoprocta pratti (Pocock, 1913) 137 Cuniculus paca (Linnaeus, 1766) 143 Notosciurus pucheranii (Fitzinger 1867) 149 Hadrosciurus spadiceus (Olfers 1818) 153 LIEBRES 157 Sylvilagus brasiliensis (Linnaeus, 1758) 159 PERDICES 163 Crypturellus atrocapillus (Tschudi, 1844) 165 Crypturellus soui (Hermann, 1783) 169 Tinamus major (Gmelin, 1789) 173 Tinamus tao Temminck, 1815 177 PAVAS, PAUJILES Y CODORNICES 181 Penelope jacquacu Spix, 1825 183 Mitu tuberosum (Spix, 1825) 187 Odontophorus stellatus (Gould, 1843) 191 CUCOS 193 Neomorphus geoffroyi (Temminck, 1820) 195 TROMPETEROS 199 Psophia leucoptera Spix, 1825 201 LAGARTOS 205 Tupinambis teguixin (Gray, 1845) 207 TORTUGAS 211 Chelonoidis denticulata (Linnaeus, 1766) 213 IDEAS DE INVESTIGACIÓN SOBRE LA FAUNA EN LA ESTACIÓN BIOLÓGICA LA NOVIA 216 GLOSARIO 219 Presentación La concesión para conservación Río La Novia, administrada por la Asociación de Manejo de Bosques sin Fronteras (MABOSINFRON), es un área destinada a la conservación de la diversidad biológica y donde se promueve la investigación. Está ubicada en el corredor de conservación Purús Manu, el cual cuenta con diez millones de hectáreas de bosques amazónicos en buen estado, siendo la mayor superficie del territorio peruano dedicado a la conservación de la naturaleza y una de las regiones con mayor diversidad de vida en el planeta. La presente guía, “Desde el ojo de la cámara trampa” describe algunas de las especies de animales que se encuentran en la concesión, entre mamíferos, aves y reptiles. Esta guía representa una pequeña muestra de la gran diversidad que se puede encontrar en el área. Es además, una invitación a investigadores, estudiantes, profesionales de la conservación, funcionarios públicos, y público en general, a conocer parte de la fauna de esta maravillosa zona del Perú. Esta publicación se enmarca en el trabajo interinstitucional desarrollado desde el 2004 en el corredor de conservación Purús Manu, en colaboración con diversas organizaciones de conservación en el país, entre ellas ProNaturaleza, la Sociedad Zoológica de Franckfort, ProPurús, la Organización Regional AIDESEP Ucayali (ORAU), CARE Perú y WWF Perú, así como las DESDE EL OJO DE LA CÁMARA TRAMPA 9 instituciones del Estado, como el SERNANP, el Ministerio de Cultura, los gobiernos regionales de Ucayali y Madre de Dios, organizaciones locales MABOSINFRON, ECOPURUS, FECONAPU, ACONADYISH y ECOMUSA. Cabe resaltar, que esto forma parte de la estrategia de promover la investigación en la concesión Río La Novia, actividad que le brindará sostenibilidad a largo plazo a MABOSINFRON, que es la organización administradora de esta importante y única área. WWF plantea dentro de sus metas globales la conservación de ecosistemas para la gente y la naturaleza. En este contexto, WWF Perú a través de su Programa Amazónico, busca además de acciones directas de conservación, el fortalecimiento de los vínculos institucionales entre la sociedad civil, el gobierno y el sector privado para una mejor gestión, conservación y uso responsable de la Amazonia. Agradecemos a USAID y a WWF US quienes nos han apoyado en la ardua labor con MABOSINFRON. Asimismo, un especial reconocimiento a los miembros de la Asociación MABOSINFRON, quienes día a día hacen posible la conservación de este patrimonio natural y cultural del país. Heidi Rubio Torgler Prólogo Aunque no es raro que los pobladores Amazónicos dejen parte de su bosque conservado, no es muy común que un grupo de ciudadanos que viven en la Amazonia soliciten una concesión de conservación. Conocí a los concesionarios de La Novia y su genuino interés en preservar este bosque cuyo valor no solo por la diversidad que contiene, es claro. Ellos, con la ayuda de WWF han decidido conocer a fondo la diversidad de su concesión y ponerla en valor para la comunidad científica con la idea de que esta sirva también para la investigación y educación. Uno de sus primeros pasos fue entonces, ver cuanta fauna mediana y grande contenía y para eso nada mejor que las cámaras trampa. Estas nos están descubriendo la vida secreta de la fauna en los bosques tropicales. No solo nos dicen de la presencia de las especies del lugar sino que en muchos casos nos cuentan de su conducta: las horas en que salen, la época de crías, por donde caminan, información que nos puede ser útil para manejar la concesión. En los diversos bosques de Purús y en particular en la concesión de conservación de MABOSINFRON los animales han sido “capturados” por la cámara y ahora nosotros podemos verlos retratados en esta guía que servirá como material educativo para la zona y para todo el que visite La Novia. El trabajo en la zona, es parte de la Iniciativa para la Conservación en la Amazonía Andina (ICAA) de la que WWF y más de 40 organizaciones socias locales e internacionales en Colombia, Ecuador y Perú, son parte. A través de una estrategia colaborativa y basada en la evidencia científica, la Agencia de los Estados Unidos para el Desarrollo Internacional (USAID) busca diversificar los medios de vida, eliminar la pobreza extrema, mejorar las condiciones para la paz y seguridad, empoderar a las mujeres y construir sociedades más resilientes. Como parte de la Agencia, agradecemos la oportunidad de contribuir con la importante misión de conservar uno de los lugares más biodiversos del planeta y fortalecer su desarrollo sostenible. Mónica Romo Introducción La concesión de conservación Río La Novia constituye un espacio estratégico para la consolidación de las áreas protegidas del Purús. Ubicada en el extremo norte de la Reserva Comunal Purús, en la región Ucayali (Perú), la concesión constituye un área que en conjunto con los territorios de las comunidades indígenas forman la zona de amortiguamiento de la reserva. Su existencia proviene del interés genuino por parte de un grupo de pobladores de la capital de Puerto Esperanza quienes han apostado por la conservación como una opción de desarrollo. La asociación “Manejo de bosques sin fronteras” (MABOSINFRON) fue creada el 26 de agosto de 2006 con el objetivo de alcanzar un contrato de concesión (logrado a inicios de 2012) con fines de conservación de 6700 ha en la cuenca del río La Novia y por un tiempo de 10 años renovables. Desde el ojo de la cámara trampa es una contribución inédita que busca difundir de una manera sencilla información sobre las especies más representativas de la fauna silvestre de La Novia, un área aun poco conocida en términos de diversidad de flora y fauna. En particular, cuando pensamos en la posibilidad de realizar un estudio con cámaras trampa en La Novia estábamos seguros que los resultados iban a confirmar nuestras sospechas de que se trataba de un área en buen estado de conservación y con una gran diversidad.
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