Birding Northeast California
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Aspects of Pit River Phonology
ASPECTS OF PIT RIVER PHONOLOGY Bruce E. Nevin A DISSERTATION in Linguistics Presented to the Faculties of the University of Pennsylvania in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy 1998 _____________________________ Supervisor of Dissertation _____________________________ Graduate Group Chairperson iii iv To the Pit River people In memory of Yámá·litwí·daá Dísdí sí·sá·dumá má céá suwí tús dit·é·wi, amxágam táxábáà tól·ím dáx cú wíc stíjéuwí?à Qa ßís ßú wóá dis·i ßuwá·géá ß tyánuwí,á toljana winá·ji·wíní. iii iv Abstract Aspects of Pit River Phonology Bruce Nevin Eugene Buckley Until recently, it has seemed that the Pit River language (“Achumawi”) was reasonably well documented by de Angulo & Freeland (1930), Uldall (1933), and Olmsted (1956, 1957, 1959, 1964, 1966). My own fieldwork in 1970-74 disclosed fundamental inadequacies of these publications, as reported in Nevin (1991). We substantiate this finding, investigate its probable bases, and establish why my own data are not subject to the same difficulties. After this cautionary tale about the perils of restating a published grammar, we define a phonemic representation for utterances in the language and introduce Optimality Theory (OT). We then apply OT to a series of problems in the phonological patterning of the language: features of syllable codas, restrictions and alternations involving voiceless release and aspiration, and reduplicative morphology. Appendix A describes the physiology and phonetics of laryngeal phenomena in Pit River, especially epiglottal articulation that has in the past been improperly described as pharyngeal or involving the tongue radix (the feature RTR). -
Selected Wildflowers of the Modoc National Forest Selected Wildflowers of the Modoc National Forest
United States Department of Agriculture Selected Wildflowers Forest Service of the Modoc National Forest An introduction to the flora of the Modoc Plateau U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Region i Cover image: Spotted Mission-Bells (Fritillaria atropurpurea) ii Selected Wildflowers of the Modoc National Forest Selected Wildflowers of the Modoc National Forest Modoc National Forest, Pacific Southwest Region U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Region iii Introduction Dear Visitor, e in the Modoc National Forest Botany program thank you for your interest in Wour local flora. This booklet was prepared with funds from the Forest Service Celebrating Wildflowers program, whose goals are to serve our nation by introducing the American public to the aesthetic, recreational, biological, ecological, medicinal, and economic values of our native botanical resources. By becoming more thoroughly acquainted with local plants and their multiple values, we hope to consequently in- crease awareness and understanding of the Forest Service’s management undertakings regarding plants, including our rare plant conservation programs, invasive plant man- agement programs, native plant materials programs, and botanical research initiatives. This booklet is a trial booklet whose purpose, as part of the Celebrating Wildflowers program (as above explained), is to increase awareness of local plants. The Modoc NF Botany program earnestly welcomes your feedback; whether you found the book help- ful or not, if there were too many plants represented or too few, if the information was useful to you or if there is more useful information that could be added, or any other comments or concerns. Thank you. Forest J. R. Gauna Asst. -
Habitat Description--White Fir (WFR)
California Wildlife Habitat Relationships System California Department of Fish and Game California Interagency Wildlife Task Group White Fir Karen Shimamoto Vegetation Structure-- The White Fir (WFR) habitat is characterized by nearly monotypic even- aged overstory (Cheatham and Haller 1975, Paysen et al, 1980, Riegel 1982, Rundel et al. 1977). Overlapping crowns that cast deep shade are characteristic, although open stands are common (Cheatham and Haller 1975, Eyre 1980, Riegel 1982). Northern California specimens grow to about 70 m (230 ft) in height. Southern California specimens grow to about 30 m (100 ft) (Cheatham and Haller 1975). The understory may consist of sparsely scattered grasses, forbs, and shrubs, or white fir seedlings and saplings (Cheatham and Haller 1975, Eyre 1980, Paysen et al. 1980). However, on moist swales or drainage bottoms, herbaceous cover may approach 100 percent (Rundel et al. 1977). Downed material usually consists of logs, branches and needle litter (Cheatham and Haller 1975). Fire influences the white fir habitat by causing a mosaic of even-aged stands in different successional stages. Composition-- Mature white fir stands, normally monotypic, with more than 80 percent occurring as white fir, are found throughout California; from the Klamath Mountains along the north coast to the south coast mountain ranges, and in interior ranges from the Warner Mountains in the Great Basin to the Clark, Kingston, and New York mountain ranges in interior southern California (Rundel et al. 1977, Parker and Matyas 1981). Shade and downed woody material tend to inhibit understory species (Parker and Matyas 1981). In the Klamath Mountains, for example, canyon live oak and chinquapin are the predominant understory species and open stands usually include squawcarpet and barberry. -
The Story of Susan's Bluff and Susan
A Working Organization Dedicated to Marking the California Trail FALL 2011 The Story of Susan’s Bluff and Susan Story by Denise Moorman Photos by Jim Moorman and Larry Schmidt It’s 1849 on the Carson Trail. Emigrant wagon trains and 49ers are winding their way through the newly acquired Upper California territory (western Nevada) on their way to the goldfields, settlements and cities of California. One of the many routes through running through this area follows along the Carson River between the modern Fort Churchill Historic Site and the town of Dayton. Although not as popular as the faster Twenty-Six Mile Desert cutoff, which ran roughly where U.S. Highway 50 goes today, the Carson River route provided valuable feed and water for the stock the New Trails West Marker, CR-20 at Susan’s Bluff. pioneers still had. Along this route the wagon trains hugged the left bank of the Carson until they Viewed from the direction the emigrants were reached a steep bluff jutting out almost to the river. approaching, the bluff hides behind other ridges Although foot traffic could make it around the point until you are past it. However, looking back, it of the bluff, wagons had to ford the river before they looms powerfully against the sky. This makes one reached it. Trails West recently installed the last wonder how something so imposing came to be Carson Route marker, Marker CR-20, near this ford known as “Susan’s Bluff?” continued on page 4 at the base of the cliff known as Susan’s Bluff. -
Modoc National Wildlife Refuge
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Modoc National Wildlife Refuge Final Comprehensive Conservation Plan and Environmental Assessment December 2009 Vision Statement “Located near the confluence of the north and south forks of the Pit River, Modoc National Wildlife Refuge will conserve, restore, protect, and manage a mosaic of seasonal wetlands, semi- permanent wetlands, wet meadows, riparian, and sagebrush-steppe habitats. These habitats will provide important resting, feeding, and nesting areas for ducks, geese, and other migratory birds. Modoc Refuge’s high- quality habitat will play a key role in the long-term recovery of Central Valley greater sandhill cranes. As an integral part of the surrounding community, Modoc Refuge will provide high quality wildlife-dependent recreation including hunting, fishing, wildlife observation, photography, and interpretation. The Refuge will continue to be known for its high-quality environmental education program offered to generations of students. Visitors will develop a greater understanding and appreciation for the mission of the National Wildlife Refuge System and refuge management programs and for the importance of protecting lands for wildlife conservation.” Disclaimer CCPs provide long term guidance for management decisions and set forth goals, objectives, and strategies needed to accomplish refuge purposes and identify the Service’s best estimate of future needs. These plans detail program planning levels that are sometimes substantially above current budget allocations and, as such, are primarily for Service strategic planning and program prioritization purposes. The plans do not constitute a commitment for staffing increases, operational and maintenance increases, or funding for future land acquisition. Modoc National Wildlife Refuge Final Comprehensive Conservation Plan Prepared by: U.S. -
Barrel Springs Backcountry Byway
U.S. Department of Interior Bureau of Land Management Surprise Valley Barrel Springs Back Country Byway A Self-Guided Tour Welcome to the road less traveled! Few people get to experience the beautiful mountains and valley you see on the front cover. This brochure and map will tell you how to find and explore Surprise Valley- how it got its name, the history of the emigrants who ventured west in 1849, and the geological wonders that have shaped this landscape. A map showing the location of Cedarville and major highways in the area Getting There: From U.S. Hwy. 395 in California, five miles north of Alturas, Modoc County, take California Hwy. 299 east to Cedarville, California. From Interstate 80 at Wadsworth in Nevada, 30 miles east of Reno, take Nevada Hwy. 447 north through Gerlach, 141 miles to Cedarville, California. 2 SURPRISE VALLEY-BARREL SPRINGS BACK COUNTRY BYWAY A SELF-GUIDED TOUR Pronghorn antelope with Mount Bidwell in the background 3 CONTENTS 1. THE SECRET VALLEY…...……..1 2. BYWAY LOOP MAP……………..10 3. BYWAY DRIVING TOUR……....12 4. VISITOR TIPS……………………....28 5. WILDFLOWER GUIDE…….......30 Lake City Flouring Mill circa 1900 4 THE SECRET VALLEY The Warner Mountains soar up from the valley floor like a scene from an Ansel Adams photograph. In the valley, coveys of quail trickle across the quiet streets in little towns. At twilight, herds of mule deer join cattle and sheep in the green fields. There are no stoplights, no traffic, and no sirens. This is where the paved road ends. This place, Surprise Valley, is so removed, so distinct from the rest of California, that you, like others, may come to find that it is the Golden State’s best kept secret. -
Emigrant Trails Scenic Byway
Klamath/Lake/ Emigrant grow large and feisty. Peace, beauty and fun Modoc/Siskiyou Outdoor beckon you to four campgrounds, a picnic Recreation Working Group Trails Scenic area, swimming beach and boat ramp. www.klms.net Byway Modoc County Historical Museum at Alturas ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Enrich your understanding of this land filled The Emigrant Trails with lava flows, forested ranges and wide-open Alturas Chamber of Commerce Scenic Byway is a www.alturaschamber.org route that is rich in vistas. Indian and pioneer artifacts, historic 530-233-4434 history and full of photos and documents and an impressive gun beauty. Highlights collection. Big Valley Chamber of Commerce and points of interest - [email protected] www.bigvalleychamber.org Modoc National Wildlife Refuge 530-294-5700 along the route are many and varied. Hunt or tour, there’s lots of open space on this BLM - Alturas Field Office In some locations actual remnants of emigrant 7000 acre refuge, which supports sandhill cranes, 530-233-4666 trails can be seen. Geology includes high moun- waterfowl, and raptors including eagles. No-fee, tain peaks, canyons, farmland, lava flows from first come, first served duck and goose hunting Pat Hutson BLM - Klamath Falls District volcanic eruptions and wide open meadows. is permitted on 1,440 acresof the Refuge. An 541-883-6916 The rock formations are breathtaking and truly auto tour route takes you around wetlands that BLM - Lakeview District unique to this area. are also on this major flyway. 541-947-2177 You will find many friendly people and busi- nesses along your route so please take your WWII Valor in the Pacific National Monument, BLM - Surprise Field Office time and get to know the area and the people. -
2021 X3b and A6 Zone Hunt Info
CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND WILDLIFE DEER MANAGEMENT PROGRAM Wildlife Branch 1010 Riverside Parkway, West Sacramento, CA 95605 ZONE X3b and Area-Specific Archery Hunt A6 2021 General Deer Hunting Information (No Additional Hunts Scheduled) GENERAL INFORMATION This information sheet has been prepared to assist deer hunters applying for, or planning to hunt in, Zone X-3b located in portions of Lassen and Modoc counties. The following information should be useful to hunters for archery season (A-6; Zone X-3b Archery Hunt), Zone X-3b general season and any “additional hunts” within this geographic area. For more specific information or additional questions regarding this area, contact the following Department office(s): • Northern Region Office (Region 1), 601 Locust Street, Redding, CA 96001 (530-225-2300) encompassing Del Norte, Humboldt, Lassen, Mendocino, Modoc, Shasta, Siskiyou, Tehama and Trinity counties. REGULATIONS Laws and regulations are designed to conserve wildlife and to provide for an equitable distribution of game mammals. All hunters should read and be familiar with the Current Hunting Regulations. Remember, if you are hunting on private property you must obtain, and have in your possession, written permission to hunt on private property. Hunter trespass laws are strictly enforced. NON-LEAD RESTRICTIONS As of July 1, 2019, all hunters must use nonlead ammunition when taking any wildlife in California, except when hunting with a pellet rifle for approved species. • CCR T14 250.1(d)(3) Effective July 1, 2019, it shall be unlawful to use, or possess with any firearm capable of firing, any projectile(s) not certified as nonlead when taking any wildlife for any purpose in this state. -
Geology and Structural Evolution of the Warner Range
GEOLOGICAL HISTORY AND STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION OF THE WARNER RANGE AND SURPRISE VALLEY, NORTHWESTERN MARGIN OF THE BASIN AND RANGE PROVINCE A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES AND THE COMMITTEE ON GRADUATE STUDIES OF STANFORD UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Anne Elizabeth Egger March 2010 © 2010 by Anne Elizabeth Egger. All Rights Reserved. Re-distributed by Stanford University under license with the author. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- Noncommercial 3.0 United States License. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/ This dissertation is online at: http://purl.stanford.edu/vn684mg0818 Includes supplemental files: 1. (Egger_2010_plate_I.pdf) ii I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Elizabeth Miller, Primary Adviser I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Simon Klemperer I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Gail Mahood Approved for the Stanford University Committee on Graduate Studies. Patricia J. Gumport, Vice Provost Graduate Education This signature page was generated electronically upon submission of this dissertation in electronic format. An original signed hard copy of the signature page is on file in University Archives. -
Goose and Summer Lakes Basin Report
GOOSE AND SUMMER LAKES BASIN REPORT. State of Oregon WATER RESOURCES DEPARTMENT Salem, Oregon May 1989 WILLIAM H. YOUNG, DIRECTOR WATER RESOURCES COMMISSION Members: WILLIAM R. BLOSSER. CHAIRMAN HADLEY AKINS CLIFF BENTZ CLAUDE CURRAN JAMES HOWLAND DEIRDRE MALARKEY LORNA STICKEL TABLE OF CONTENTS IN1RODUCTION........................................................................................................... v A. Purpose of Report.......................................................................................... v B. Planning Process ............................................................................................ v C. Report Organization .... .... .... .................... .. ...... ...... ...... ...................... .... ....... vi SECTION 1. GOOSE AND SUMMER LAKES BASIN OVERVIEW....................... 1 A. Physical Description...................................................................................... 1 B. Cultural Description ...................................................................................... 9 C. Resources...................................................................................................... 12 D. Water Use and Control ................................................................................. 15 SECTION 2. THOMAS CREEK .................................................................................. 23 A. Issue.............................................................................................................. 23 B. Background.................................................................................................. -
ODF 2019 Forest Health Highlights
United States Department of Agriculture Forest Health Highlights in Oregon - 2019 Forest Service January 2020 Pacific Northwest Region Oregon Department of Forestry Forest Health Protection Forest Health Program In accordance with Federal civil rights law and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) civil rights regulations and policies, the USDA, its Agencies, offices, and employees, and institutions participating in or administering USDA programs are prohibited from discriminating based on race, color, national origin, religion, sex, gender identity (including gender expression), sexual orientation, disability,age, marital status, family/parental status, income derived from a public assistance program, political beliefs, or reprisal or retaliation for prior civil rights activity, in any program or activity conducted or funded by USDA (not all bases apply to allprograms).Remedies and complaint filing deadlines vary by program or incident. Persons with disabilities who require alternative means of communication for program information (e.g., Braille, large print, audiotape, American Sign Language, etc.) should contact the responsible Agency or USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TTY) or contact USDA through the Federal Relay Service at (800) 877-8339. Additionally, program information may be made available in languages other than English. To file a program discrimination complaint, complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form, AD-3027, found online at http://www.ascr.usda.gov/complaint_filing_cust.htmland at any USDA office or write a letter addressed to USDA and provide in the letter all of the information requested in the form. To request a copy of the complaint form, call (866) 632- 9992. Submit your completed form or letter to USDA by: (1) mail: U.S. -
White Horse Canyon Ranch Modoc County, California
White Horse Canyon Ranch Modoc County, California Proudly Offered By 707 Merchant Street, Suite 100, Vacaville, Ca 95688 (707) 455-4444 Office (707) 455-0455 Fax [email protected] Introduction Looking east from the meadow This 2080 acre property is located in Modoc County about 10 miles from the town of Alturas, California. Modoc County is known as the last frontier of California. With over 4203 square miles and only 9197 people in the county, this is one of the least populated, unspoiled and beautiful counties in the state. Modoc County sits in the northeast corner of California. On its east boundary is Washoe County Nevada, best known for the Reno and Sparks area. Reno is 172 miles away. To the north are Lake and Klamath Counties in Oregon. Klamath Falls is the largest community and has all the major facilities just 99 miles away. To the west is Siskiyou County, another rural timber/agriculturally based county. On its south is Lassen County. The county seat of Alturas has almost 3000 people. It has all the services you need, banks, groceries, theatres, restaurants, golf course, doctors and a hospital. The closest commercial airport would be Klamath Falls which is 100 miles away. Klamath Falls is the area’s most populous city with 20,000 people. Klamath Falls is 385 miles from San Francisco, CA and 275 mile from Portland, OR. Alturas does have a 4300 ft asphalt runway that is just minutes from the ranch. Take Highway 395 north out of Reno and right in the town of Alturas make a right on County road 56, go about 6 ½ miles and make a left on County road 58, go more than 2 ½ miles and make a right on County road 58B which is a gravel road and stay right and in 1.3 miles there will be a green gate and the ranch entrance.