DOCSLIB.ORG

Há Tempos Que Se Apresenta A

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Há Tempos Que Se Apresenta A ................ 1. Introdução mais revolucionárias desenvolvidas du- rante o Século XX. Essa tecnologia en- Larissa do Nascimento Pires* á tempos que se apresenta a controu imprescindíveis aplicações em Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência necessidade de uma reformu- diversos ramos da medicina, desde te- e Tecnologia de Santa Catarina, lação do ensino de física quan- rapias médicas até procedimentos ci- Araranguá, Santa Catarina, Brasil. H to aos conteúdos abordados na rúrgicos [4]. Não somente isso, os lasers educação básica, considerando o dis- apresentaram aplicações ainda mais Israel Müller dos Santos tanciamento entre a ciência ensinada próximas do cotidiano dos alunos: além Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência no meio escolar e aquela que se apre- de alimentarem histórias de fantasia, e Tecnologia de Santa Catarina, senta, por exemplo, nos meios de comu- como a franquia Star Wars com seu Araranguá, Santa Catarina, Brasil. nicação [1]. Nesse sentido, a abordagem raio da morte, os lasers são utilizados, favorável aos conhecimentos da física por exemplo, em leitores de código de Felipe Damasio moderna e contemporânea (FMC) na barras. A existência de variedades de Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência educação básica considera que somen- lasers e suas inúmeras aplicações possi- e Tecnologia de Santa Catarina, te a partir de conceitos desenvolvidos bilita que possam ser utilizados como Araranguá, Santa Catarina, Brasil. durante o Século XX será possível en- um instrumento gerador de discussões tender, por exemplo, uma gama de fe- de vários conceitos físicos em sala de RESUMO nômenos cotidianos, além de aparelhos aula [5]. É consenso que os lasers consistem em uma das temáticas que demonstram potencial para serem e artefatos da atualidade. Além disso, a importância da exploradas no ensino de física, pelo fato de Ostermann [2], em sua pesquisa de abordagem dos lasers em sala de aula propiciarem uma aproximação com o cotidiano dos doutorado, elencou alguns dos exem- não se restringe somente à proximida- alunos e alunas, além de possibilitar a discussão plos de temáticas de FMC, apontados de dessa tecnologia com o cotidiano sobre aspectos históricos e epistemológicos pelos professores de física como essen- dos alunos, mas também “entender o presentes na construção dessa tecnologia. De fato, percebendo a relevância dos lasers na atualidade, a ciais para a formação dos alunos do en- laser e suas características nos remete temática das láureas no Prêmio Nobel de Física de sino médio; alguns desses exemplos de- à discussão de fenômenos de grande 2018 consistiu em reconhecer cientistas cujas scritos pela autora importância para o contribuições fossem relevantes para a área da física são: o efeito fotoelé- entendimento da fí- dos lasers. Nesse sentido, este trabalho objetiva “I have great faith in lasers, but articular, para o contexto de ensino de física, as trico, a relatividade no one's putting one near my sica do Século XX, contribuições desenvolvidas pelos laureados no restrita, as partículas eye!”1Donna Strickland incluindo as inter- Nobel de Física: Donna Strickland, Gérard Mourou e elementares e a ori- pretações filosófi- Arthur Ashkin. Com este artigo, espera-se contribuir gem do universo, in- cas” [6]. Sabendo com ações docentes que possam discutir, no cluindo também aparatos tecnológicos, que o desenvolvimento dos lasers ambiente de sala de aula, conhecimentos relativos à física moderna e contemporânea, além de como os lasers e as fibras ópticas. De fa- ocorreu em meio às discussões sobre problematizar elementos para a abordagem de to, a abordagem dessas temáticas é pre- a dualidade onda-partícula, sua abor- questões relativas à presença de mulheres cientistas. conizada nos documentos oficiais, co- dagem no contexto de ensino básico mo nos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacio- possibilita a apresentação desse episó- Palavras-chave: ensino de física; física nais, que descrevem que as discussões dio histórico, que é considerado um moderna e contemporânea; física dos lasers. de aspectos da FMC são “indispensáveis dos mais interessantes da história da ................ para permitir aos jovens adquirir uma física. Entretanto, diferentemente dis- compreensão mais abrangente sobre so, a realidade que se apresenta de como se constitui a matéria, de forma certa maneira consiste no enfoque que tenham contato com diferentes e pontual dos conhecimentos de FMC, o novos materiais, cristais líquidos e la- que gera “uma notória diminuição da sers presentes nos utensílios tecnológi- discussão sobre o problema físico, dos cos” [3]. envoltos epistemológicos, da história e Autor de correspondência. E-mail: larissa.n. As luzes dos lasers, em específico, filosofia da ciência” [7] presentes nes- [email protected]. são consideradas uma das ferramentas ses conhecimentos. 54 A Física na Escola, v. 18, n. 1, 2020 Com isso, argumenta-se que além produziu [13], a utilização do exemplo sas relacionadas à física dos lasers. Gé- de se desenvolver uma abordagem que do Prêmio Nobel pode suscitar outra rard Mourou, por sua vez, se graduou seja motivacional para os alunos, “tópi- discussão: a presença das mulheres na em física pela Universidade de Greno- ca e informativa como alento à exaus- ciência [13, 14]. Nesse sentido, Lima [15] ble Alpes em 1967 e obteve seu douto- tão provocada pelas aulas de física” [8], apresenta um panorama que nos faz rado na atual Universidade de Sorbon- a apresentação de conhecimentos rela- perceber a importância de se inserirem ne, em Paris, no ano de 1973. Na década tivos à FMC, como no exemplo dos la- discussões acerca da diversidade de pes- de 1980, Strickland e Mourou desenvol- sers, deve ser desenvolvida para além soas e da pluralidade de ideias na ciên- veram a técnica chirped pulse amplifica- de um aspecto informacional e comple- cia, pois os discentes geralmente com- tion, cujo objetivo era aprimorar a in- mentar aos conceitos já tradicionais preendem o empreendimento científico tensidade de pulsos de lasers ultracur- abordados; devem ser explorados de sem “a colaboração de mulheres, lati- tos [21, 22]. maneira que os alunos entendam os nas/os, negras/os, africanas/os, orientais Arthur Ashkin, que recebeu a outra processos de modelização que envol- […], assumindo como inexistentes as metade do prêmio, graduou-se no ano vem esses conhecimentos e suas rela- contribuições desses grupos para o de- de 1947 em física pela Universidade de ções com o desenvolvimento científico senvolvimento cientifico e tecnológico”. Columbia; cinco anos depois, recebeu da atualidade. De maneira a resgatar uma antiga seu doutorado em física nuclear pela Nesse sentido, reconhecendo a im- tradição de A Física na Escola de publi- Universidade Cornell. Em seguida, tra- portância dos lasers como uma tecnolo- car artigos descrevendo algumas das balhou nos Laboratórios Bell em Nova gia relevante, a Academia Sueca de pesquisas desenvolvidas pelos laurea- Jersey até se aposentar, no ano de 1992 Ciências, no ano de 2018, escolheu co- dos no Nobel de Física [16-19], este arti- [23]. As pinças ópticas, desenvolvidas mo temática das láureas justamente go intenciona oferecer um material pelo cientista e sua equipe, possibilita- pesquisas cujas contribuições fossem textual sobre as aplicações atuais dos la- ram o desenvolvimento de estudos so- relevantes para a física dos lasers. Desta sers desenvolvidas pelos laureados no bre a vida microscópica e seus sistemas forma, Donna Strickland, Gérard Mou- Prêmio Nobel de Física de 2018. Dessa moleculares. rou e Arthur Ashkin receberam as láu- forma, espera-se contribuir com a dis- reas do Prêmio Nobel de Física pelas seminação de textos e propostas didáti- 3. Laser: um breve histórico “invenções inovadoras no campo da fí- cas que abordem aspectos relativos à sica dos lasers”[9]. Primeiramente, física moderna e contemporânea [20]. Ainda que o laser tenha sido desen- Strickland e Mourou dividiram a meta- volvido somente na década de 1960, os de do prêmio pelo desenvolvimento da princípios teóricos para seu funciona- 2. Os Laureados técnica chamada chirped pulse amplifi- mento foram elencados no início do sé- cation [10], cujo objetivo é a produção No ano de 2018, a Academia Sueca culo XX, por meio de estudos relaciona- de lasers supercurtos de alta intensida- de Ciências laureou Donna Strickland, dos à mecânica quântica. Em 1917, Al- de, que podem ser utilizados em inúme- Gérard Mourou e Arthur Ashkin (Fig. 1) bert Einstein (1879-1955), utilizando o ras aplicações na medicina. A outra pelas suas contribuições no campo da trabalho desenvolvido por Max Planck metade do prêmio foi destinada a Ash- física dos lasers [9]. Donna Strickland (1958-1947), propôs teoricamente o kin, pelo desenvolvimento pioneiro das graduou-se em engenharia da física pe- conceito de emissão estimulada de ra- pinças ópticas [11], cujas aplicações são la Universidade MacMaster, no Canadá. diação, que consiste em um fenômeno visualizadas em sistemas biológicos. Em 1989, na Universidade de Roches- quântico em que a interação de um fó- A inserção em discussões em sala ter, localizada em Nova York, ela con- ton com um átomo excitado provoca a de aula de exemplos atuais de pesqui- cluiu seu doutorado em óptica. Desde produção de outro fóton idêntico [25]. sas científicas como aquelas expostas 1997, Donna Strickland atua como pro- Alguns autores sugerem que os pri- no Prêmio Nobel de Física de 2018 pode fessora associada na Universidade de meiros estudos para aplicação da emis- permitir uma abordagem contextuali- Waterloo, no Canadá, liderando pesqui- são estimulada foram desenvolvidos no zada da FMC, além de possibilitar que os alunos percebam a ciência como um construto inacabado, em que as impli- cações de seus resultados não se apre- sentam de maneira imediata, por sofrerem interferências de aspectos so- ciais, econômicos e culturais [12]. Mais do que isso, possibilita entender a com- plexa relação entre ciência e tecnologia ao longo da história, tendo em vista que, muitas vezes, “a tecnologia foi pre- cedida pelo desenvolvimento da física, como no caso da fabricação de lasers, ou, em outras, foi a tecnologia que ante- cedeu o conhecimento científico” [3].
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Donna Strickland '89 (Phd), a Self-Described “Laser Jock,” Receives
    Donna Strickland ’89 (PhD), a self-described “laser jock,” receives the Nobel Prize, along with her advisor, Gérard Mourou, for work they did at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics. By Lindsey Valich Donna Strickland ’89 (PhD) still recalls the visit she took to the On- tario Science Centre when she was a child growing up in the town of Guelph, outside Toronto. Her father pointed to a laser display. “ ‘Donna, this is the way of the future,’ ” Strickland remembers him telling her. Lloyd Strickland, an electrical engineer, along with Donna’s moth- er, sister, and brother, was part of the family that “continually sup- ported and encouraged me through all my years of education,” Donna Strickland wrote in the acknowledgments of her PhD thesis, “De- velopment of an Ultra-Bright Laser and an Application to Multi- Photon Ionization.” She was captivated by that laser display. And since then, she says, “I’ve always thought lasers were cool.” Her passion for laser science research and her commitment to be- ing a “laser jock,” as she has called herself, has led her across North America, from Canada to the United States and back again. But it’s the work that she did as a graduate student at Rochester in the 1980s that has earned her the remarkable accolade of Nobel Prize laureate. When Strickland entered the University’s graduate program in op- tics, laser physicists were grappling with a thorny problem: how could they create ultrashort, high-intensity laser pulses that wouldn’t de- stroy the very material the laser was used to explore in the first place? Working with former Rochester engineering professor Gérard Mourou, Strickland developed and made workable a method to over- come the barrier.
    [Show full text]
  • DONNA STRICKLAND, PH.D. Professor, University of Waterloo
    DONNA STRICKLAND, PH.D. Professor, University of Waterloo Donna Strickland is a professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Waterloo and is one of the recipients of the Nobel Prize in Physics 2018 for developing chirped pulse amplification with Gérard Mourou, her PhD supervisor at the time. They published this Nobel-winning research in 1985 when Strickland was a PhD student at the University of Rochester in New York state. Together they paved the way toward the most intense laser pulses ever created. The research has several applications today in industry and medicine — including the cutting of a patient’s cornea in laser eye surgery, and the machining of small glass parts for use in cell phones. Strickland was a research associate at the National Research Council Canada, a physicist at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and a member of technical staff at Princeton University. In 1997, she joined the University of Waterloo, where her ultrafast laser group develops high-intensity laser systems for nonlinear optics investigations. Strickland was named a Companion of the Order of Canada. She is a recipient of a Sloan Research Fellowship, a Premier’s Research Excellence Award and a Cottrell Scholar Award. She received the Rochester Distinguished Scholar Award and the Eastman Medal from the University of Rochester. Strickland served as the president of the Optical Society (OSA) in 2013 and is a fellow of OSA, the Royal Society of Canada, and SPIE (International Society for Optics and Photonics). She is an honorary fellow of the Canadian Academy of Engineering as well as the Institute of Physics.
    [Show full text]
  • Chirped Pulse Amplification, CPA, Was Both Simple and Elegant
    THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 2018 POPULAR SCIENCE BACKGROUND Tools made of light The inventions being honoured this year have revolutionised laser physics. Extremely small objects and incredibly fast processes now appear in a new light. Not only physics, but also chemistry, biology and medicine have gained precision instruments for use in basic research and practical applications. Arthur Ashkin invented optical tweezers that grab particles, atoms and molecules with their laser beam fingers. Viruses, bacteria and other living cells can be held too, and examined and manipulated without being damaged. Ashkin’s optical tweezers have created entirely new opportunities for observing and controlling the machinery of life. Gérard Mourou and Donna Strickland paved the way towards the shortest and most intense laser pulses created by mankind. The technique they developed has opened up new areas of research and led to broad industrial and medical applications; for example, millions of eye operations are performed every year with the sharpest of laser beams. Travelling in beams of light Arthur Ashkin had a dream: imagine if beams of light could be put to work and made to move objects. In the cult series that started in the mid-1960s, Star Trek, a tractor beam can be used to retrieve objects, even asteroids in space, without touching them. Of course, this sounds like pure science fic- tion. We can feel that sunbeams carry energy – we get hot in the sun – although the pressure from the beam is too small for us to feel even a tiny prod. But could its force be enough to push extremely tiny particles and atoms? Immediately after the invention of the first laser in 1960, Ashkin began to experiment with the new instrument at Bell Laboratories outside New York.
    [Show full text]
  • OSA's Support of the Photonics Community
    OSA’s Support of the Photonics Community Donna Strickland, OSA President Schematic of First CPA WHAT IS OSA? The early years OSA Annual Meeting 1921 Rochester, NY, USA OSA’s Mission: To promote the generation, application, archiving and worldwide dissemination of knowledge in optics and photonics. 18,000+ OSA members all over the world Headquarters: Washington, DC, USA Our global membership Latin America/Caribbean Mideast/Africa (900) 5% 2% (300) Europe 21% North (3,800) America 50% Asia (9,000) 22% (4,000) Nobel Laureates who are OSA Members Michelson (1907) Millikan (1923) Raman (1930) Zernike (1953) Lamb (1955) Townes (1964) Prokhorov (1964) Kastler (1966) Hartline (1967) Wald (1967) Gabor (1971) Herzberg (1971) Rainwater (1975) Bloembergen (1981) Schawlow (1981) Curl (1996) Chu (1997) Cohen-Tannoudji (1997) Phillips(1997) Alferov (2000) Cornell (2001) Wieman (2001) Ketterle (2001) Glauber (2005) Hall (2005) Hänsch (2005) Mather (2006) Kao (2009) Boyle (2009) Smith (2009) Wineland (2012) Key OSA activities Publishing Conventions and Meetings Membership and Awards Global Programs Industry Relations Public Policy Foundation Key OSA activities Publishing Conventions and Meetings Membership and Awards Global Programs Industry Relations Public Policy Foundation Key OSA activities Publishing Conventions and Meetings Membership and Awards Global Programs Industry Relations Public Policy Foundation Key OSA activities Publishing Conventions and Meetings Membership and Awards Global Programs Industry Relations Public Policy Foundation Key OSA activities Publishing Conventions and Meetings Membership and Awards Global Programs Industry Relations Public Policy Foundation Key OSA activities Publishing Conventions and Meetings Membership and Awards Global Programs Industry Relations Public Policy Foundation Key OSA activities Publishing Conventions and Meetings 2008 Viviane Reding and 2009 Thierry Van der Pyl, EU Rep.
    [Show full text]
  • Nfap Policy Brief » October 2019
    NATIONAL FOUNDATION FOR AMERICAN POLICY NFAP POLICY BRIEF» OCTOBER 2019 IMMIGRANTS AND NOBEL PRIZES : 1901- 2019 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Immigrants have been awarded 38%, or 36 of 95, of the Nobel Prizes won by Americans in Chemistry, Medicine and Physics since 2000.1 In 2019, the U.S. winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics (James Peebles) and one of the two American winners of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (M. Stanley Whittingham) were immigrants to the United States. This showing by immigrants in 2019 is consistent with recent history and illustrates the contributions of immigrants to America. In 2018, Gérard Mourou, an immigrant from France, won the Nobel Prize in Physics. In 2017, the sole American winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was an immigrant, Joachim Frank, a Columbia University professor born in Germany. Immigrant Rainer Weiss, who was born in Germany and came to the United States as a teenager, was awarded the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physics, sharing it with two other Americans, Kip S. Thorne and Barry C. Barish. In 2016, all 6 American winners of the Nobel Prize in economics and scientific fields were immigrants. Table 1 U.S. Nobel Prize Winners in Chemistry, Medicine and Physics: 2000-2019 Category Immigrant Native-Born Percentage of Immigrant Winners Physics 14 19 42% Chemistry 12 21 36% Medicine 10 19 35% TOTAL 36 59 38% Source: National Foundation for American Policy, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, George Mason University Institute for Immigration Research. Between 1901 and 2019, immigrants have been awarded 35%, or 105 of 302, of the Nobel Prizes won by Americans in Chemistry, Medicine and Physics.
    [Show full text]
  • The Links of Chain of Development of Physics from Past to the Present in a Chronological Order Starting from Thales of Miletus
    ISSN (Online) 2393-8021 IARJSET ISSN (Print) 2394-1588 International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 5, Issue 10, October 2018 The Links of Chain of Development of Physics from Past to the Present in a Chronological Order Starting from Thales of Miletus Dr.(Prof.) V.C.A NAIR* Educational Physicist, Research Guide for Physics at Shri J.J.T. University, Rajasthan-333001, India. *[email protected] Abstract: The Research Paper consists mainly of the birth dates of scientists and philosophers Before Christ (BC) and After Death (AD) starting from Thales of Miletus with a brief description of their work and contribution to the development of Physics. The author has taken up some 400 odd scientists and put them in a chronological order. Nobel laureates are considered separately in the same paper. Along with the names of researchers are included few of the scientific events of importance. The entire chain forms a cascade and a ready reference for the reader. The graph at the end shows the recession in the earlier centuries and its transition to renaissance after the 12th century to the present. Keywords: As the contents of the paper mainly consists of names of scientists, the key words are many and hence the same is not given I. INTRODUCTION As the material for the topic is not readily available, it is taken from various sources and the collection and compiling is a Herculean task running into some 20 pages. It is given in 3 parts, Part I, Part II and Part III. In Part I the years are given in Chronological order as per the year of birth of the scientist and accordingly the serial number.
    [Show full text]
  • Highlights of Modern Physics and Astrophysics
    Highlights of Modern Physics and Astrophysics How to find the “Top Ten” in Physics & Astrophysics? - List of Nobel Laureates in Physics - Other prizes? Templeton prize, … - Top Citation Rankings of Publication Search Engines - Science News … - ... Nobel Laureates in Physics Year Names Achievement 2020 Sir Roger Penrose "for the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity" Reinhard Genzel, Andrea Ghez "for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy" 2019 James Peebles "for theoretical discoveries in physical cosmology" Michel Mayor, Didier Queloz "for the discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star" 2018 Arthur Ashkin "for groundbreaking inventions in the field of laser physics", in particular "for the optical tweezers and their application to Gerard Mourou, Donna Strickland biological systems" "for groundbreaking inventions in the field of laser physics", in particular "for their method of generating high-intensity, ultra-short optical pulses" Nobel Laureates in Physics Year Names Achievement 2017 Rainer Weiss "for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the Kip Thorne, Barry Barish observation of gravitational waves" 2016 David J. Thouless, "for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions F. Duncan M. Haldane, and topological phases of matter" John M. Kosterlitz 2015 Takaaki Kajita, "for the discovery of neutrino oscillations, which shows that Arthur B. MsDonald neutrinos have mass" 2014 Isamu Akasaki, "for the invention of
    [Show full text]
  • Pinzas ´Opticas Y Pulsos ´Opticos
    CARTA AL EDITOR PINZAS OPTICAS´ Y PULSOS OPTICOS´ ULTRACORTOS: UN NOBEL BIEN MERECIDO OPTICAL CLIPS AND OPTICAL ULTRA SHORT PULSES: A WELL DESERVED NOBEL (Diciembre de 2018) Este a~no,como varias veces en los ´ultimos20 a~nos(1997, 2001, 2005, 2009, por citar algunos1), el Premio Nobel de F´ısicafue concedido a investigadores cuyo trabajo ha estado directa o indirectamente relacionado con la ´optica.El 2 de octubre, la Academia Sueca anunci´oque se otorg´o\por inventos pioneros en el campo de la f´ısical´aser".La mitad a Arthur Ashkin \por las pinzas ´opticasy su aplicaci´ona los sistemas biol´ogicos"y la otra mitad conjuntamente a G´erardMourou y Donna Strickland \por su m´etodo de generar pulsos ´opticosultra cortos de alta intensidad". Pero >qu´eson las pinzas ´opticasy que son los pulsos ´opticosultracortos?, >Por qu´e trabajos en estas ´areasson merecedores de un Premio Nobel? LAS PINZAS OPTICAS´ son dispositivos que utilizando luz l´aser son capaces de desplazar, atrapar y separar, sin necesidad de contacto f´ısico, part´ıculas de tama~no muy peque~no, del orden de micr´ometro. Su funcionamiento se basa en el principio de conservaci´on del momento, uno de los principios b´asicos de la mec´anica cl´asica. Todos los jugadores de billar saben que, bajo ciertas condiciones, si una bola viaja con una determinada velocidad, y choca de frente con otra, inicialmente en reposo, esta ´ultimaadquirir´ael momento y la direcci´onde la primera. A comienzos del siglo XX, los trabajos de Einstein[1] y Planck[2] sobre el efecto fotoel´ectrico, llevaron a asociarle a la luz, un 11997- Steven Chu- Claude Cohen Tannoudjii, William Phillips 'por el desarrollo de m´etodos para enfriar y atrapar ´atomoscon luz l´aser'.2001- Eric Allin Cornell, Wolfgang Ketterle 'por conseguir la condensaci´onde Bose-Einstein en gases diluidos de ´atomosalcalinos y por sus tempranos y fundamentales estudios de la coherencia ´optica'.2005- Roy J.
    [Show full text]
  • Applied Materials Welcomes Technical Advisory Board
    Applied Materials Welcomes Technical Advisory Board September 9, 2020 Nobel laureates, academic and industry luminaries bring unique perspectives on the future of technology SANTA CLARA, Calif., Sept. 09, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Applied Materials, Inc. today announced it has formed a Growth Technical Advisory Board (GTAB) composed of leading academic and industry luminaries with a diverse set of backgrounds in fields including science, technology, government and education. The GTAB offers Applied unique perspectives on how major industries will evolve as technology becomes increasingly pervasive in the decade ahead. The Applied Materials GTAB members are: Paul Alivisatos: Vice Chancellor and Provost at the University of California, Berkeley and quantum dot pioneer Steve Blank: Adjunct Professor at Stanford University and Innovation Fellow at Columbia University, lean startup pioneer and author of National Science Foundation I-Corps curriculum Steven Chu: Professor at Stanford University, Nobel laureate in physics and former U.S. Secretary of Energy Steve Forrest: Professor and former Vice President for Research at the University of Michigan, Member of Applied Materials Board of Directors and OLED display pioneer John E. Kelly III: Executive Vice President at IBM, global innovation leader Om Nalamasu: Growth Technical Advisory Board Chair, Senior Vice President and CTO, Applied Materials, President of Applied Ventures Rafael Reif: President of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Growth Technical Advisory Board co-Chair Donna Strickland: Professor at the University of Waterloo and Nobel laureate in physics Subra Suresh: President of Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Former Director of the National Science Foundation and NSF I-Corps founder The convergence of technologies including the Internet of Things and AI are poised to transform nearly every industry – from medicine and healthcare to agriculture, energy and transportation.
    [Show full text]
  • Nobel Prize in Physics – 2018
    GENERAL ARTICLE Nobel Prize in Physics – 2018 Debabrata Goswami On Tuesday, 02 October 2018, Arthur Ashkin of the United States, who pioneered a way of using light to manipulate phys- ical objects, shared the first half of the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physics. The second half was divided equally between Gerard´ Mourou of France and Donna Strickland of Canada for their method of generating high-intensity, ultra-short optical pulses. With this announcement, Donna Strickland, who was awarded the Nobel for her work as a PhD student with Gerard´ Mourou, Debabrata Goswami is a became the third woman to have ever won the Physics Nobel Senior Professor at Indian Prize, and the 96-year-old Arthur Ashkin who was awarded Institute of Technology Kanpur, and holds the for his work on optical tweezers and their application to bi- endowed Prof. S Sampath ological systems, became the oldest Nobel Prize winner. Ac- Chair Professorship of cording to Nobel.org, the practical applications leading to the Chemistry. His research work Prize in 2018 are tools made of light that have revolutionised spans across frontiers of interdisciplinary research laser physics – a discipline which in turn is represented by with femtosecond lasers that generations of advancements and not just a single example of have been recognised brilliant work. globally, the latest being the 2018 Galileo Galilei Award of It is easy to take lasers for granted; more so in 2018, as they are the International Commission a near-ubiquitous symbol of technological acumen. Light may be of Optics. As a part of his doctoral thesis at Princeton, a wave, but producing coherent (in-phase), monochromatic (of a Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • The Nobel Prize in Physics 2018 the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Has Decided to Award the Nobel Prize in Physics 2018
    PRESS RELEASE 2 October 2018 The Nobel Prize in Physics 2018 The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Nobel Prize in Physics 2018 “for groundbreaking inventions in the field of laser physics” with one half to and the other half jointly to Arthur Ashkin Gérard Mourou Donna Strickland Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, USA École Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France University of Waterloo, Canada University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA “for the optical tweezers and their “for their method of generating high-intensity, application to biological systems” ultra-short optical pulses” Tools made of light The inventions being honoured this year have revo- the amplifying material. First they stretched the laser lutionised laser physics. Extremely small objects pulses in time to reduce their peak power, then amplified and incredibly rapid processes are now being seen them, and finally compressed them. If a pulse is compres- in a new light. Advanced precision instruments are sed in time and becomes shorter, then more light is packed opening up unexplored areas of research and a together in the same tiny space – the intensity of the pulse multitude of industrial and medical applications. increases dramatically. Arthur Ashkin invented optical tweezers that grab Strickland and Mourou’s newly invented technique, particles, atoms, viruses and other living cells with their called chirped pulse amplification, CPA, soon became stan- laser beam fingers. This new tool allowed Ashkin to rea- dard for subsequent high-intensity lasers. Its uses include lise an old dream of science fiction – using the radiation the millions of corrective eye surgeries that are conducted pressure of light to move physical objects.
    [Show full text]
  • Frontiers in Optics 2010/Laser Science XXVI
    Frontiers in Optics 2010/Laser Science XXVI FiO/LS 2010 wrapped up in Rochester after a week of cutting- edge optics and photonics research presentations, powerful networking opportunities, quality educational programming and an exhibit hall featuring leading companies in the field. Headlining the popular Plenary Session and Awards Ceremony were Alain Aspect, speaking on quantum optics; Steven Block, who discussed single molecule biophysics; and award winners Joseph Eberly, Henry Kapteyn and Margaret Murnane. Led by general co-chairs Karl Koch of Corning Inc. and Lukas Novotny of the University of Rochester, FiO/LS 2010 showcased the highest quality optics and photonics research—in many cases merging multiple disciplines, including chemistry, biology, quantum mechanics and materials science, to name a few. This year, highlighted research included using LEDs to treat skin cancer, examining energy trends of communications equipment, quantum encryption over longer distances, and improvements to biological and chemical sensors. Select recorded sessions are now available to all OSA members. Members should log in and go to “Recorded Programs” to view available presentations. FiO 2010 also drew together leading laser scientists for one final celebration of LaserFest – the 50th anniversary of the first laser. In honor of the anniversary, the conference’s Industrial Physics Forum brought together speakers to discuss Applications in Laser Technology in areas like biomedicine, environmental technology and metrology. Other special events included the Arthur Ashkin Symposium, commemorating Ashkin's contributions to the understanding and use of light pressure forces on the 40th anniversary of his seminal paper “Acceleration and trapping of particles by radiation pressure,” and the Symposium on Optical Communications, where speakers reviewed the history and physics of optical fiber communication systems, in honor of 2009 Nobel Prize Winner and “Father of Fiber Optics” Charles Kao.
    [Show full text]