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With the Protection of the Gods: an Interpretation of the Protector Figure in Classic Maya Iconography
University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2012 With The Protection Of The Gods: An Interpretation Of The Protector Figure In Classic Maya Iconography Tiffany M. Lindley University of Central Florida Part of the Anthropology Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Masters Thesis (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Lindley, Tiffany M., "With The Protection Of The Gods: An Interpretation Of The Protector Figure In Classic Maya Iconography" (2012). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 2148. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/2148 WITH THE PROTECTION OF THE GODS: AN INTERPRETATION OF THE PROTECTOR FIGURE IN CLASSIC MAYA ICONOGRAPHY by TIFFANY M. LINDLEY B.A. University of Alabama, 2009 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Anthropology in the College of Sciences at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Spring Term 2012 © 2012 Tiffany M. Lindley ii ABSTRACT Iconography encapsulates the cultural knowledge of a civilization. The ancient Maya of Mesoamerica utilized iconography to express ideological beliefs, as well as political events and histories. An ideology heavily based on the presence of an Otherworld is visible in elaborate Maya iconography. Motifs and themes can be manipulated to convey different meanings based on context. -
Chichen Itza 6 Tourism YUCATAN | 7 Location Yucatan Is Located in Southeastern Mexico, in the GEOGRAPHY Northern Part of the Yucatan Peninsula
SALES CATALOGUE Y U C ATA N THE BEGINNING OF A NEW BAKTUN WELCOME TO YUCATaN The beginnings and origin of who we are today was born in the land of the Maya, the Mayab, with the ancient Maya civilization to which we belong and whose ancient heritage fills us with pride. Humanity in the 21st century searches to reconnect with ourselves, to become reconciled with nature and learn from their peers. We are on a quest to encounter ancient civilizations, new landscapes, new seas, new traditions, new experiences... In YUCATAN we offer the possibility of communion by virtue of our extraordinary heritage, where we have the opportunity to learn, preserve, share and enjoy the cultural, natural and tourist wealth that we possess. At the start of a new Baktun, or long-count cycle in the Maya calendar, we offer a myriad of options for recreation, leisure, knowledge, reflection, peace, health, adventure, andcoexistence throughout the length and width of the Yucatan... YUCATAN is land of origins: It is a land where everything begins anew. It is a prodigious land within the reach of travelers from the world over who seek to know and live among a culture that is more live than ever: The Maya Culture. We are heirs of this great wealth, which we should, want and wish to share with all of you and future generations. WELCOME TO YUCATAN Rolando Rodrigo Zapata Bello Governor of the State of Yucatan MAYAN MUSEUM OF MERIDA 2 Tourism YUCATAN | 3 CREDITS Rolando Zapata Bello Governor of the State of Yucatan Saul M. -
CHRONOLOGY of the RÍO BEC SETTLEMENT and ARCHITECTURE Eric Taladoire, Sara Dzul, Philippe Nondédéo, Mélanie Forné
CHRONOLOGY OF THE RÍO BEC SETTLEMENT AND ARCHITECTURE Eric Taladoire, Sara Dzul, Philippe Nondédéo, Mélanie Forné To cite this version: Eric Taladoire, Sara Dzul, Philippe Nondédéo, Mélanie Forné. CHRONOLOGY OF THE RÍO BEC SETTLEMENT AND ARCHITECTURE. Ancient Mesoamerica, Cambridge University Press (CUP), 2013, 24 (02), pp.353-372. 10.1017/S0956536113000254. hal-01851495 HAL Id: hal-01851495 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01851495 Submitted on 30 Jul 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Ancient Mesoamerica, 24 (2013), 353–372 Copyright © Cambridge University Press, 2014 doi:10.1017/S0956536113000254 CHRONOLOGY OF THE RÍO BEC SETTLEMENT AND ARCHITECTURE Eric Taladoire,a Sara Dzul,b Philippe Nondédéo,a and Mélanie Fornéc aCNRS-Université de Paris Panthéon-Sorbonne, UMR 8096 Archéologie des Amériques, 21 allée de l’Université, F-92023, Nanterre Cedex, France bCentro Regional INAH, Yucatan, Antigua Carretera a Progreso s/n, km 6.5, prolongación Montejo. Col. Gonzalo Guerrero, C.P. 97310. Mérida, Yucatán cPost-doctoral researcher, Cancuen Project, CEMCA-Antenne Amérique Centrale Ambassade de France 5 Av. 8-59 Zone 14, Guatemala C-A Abstract Chronology is a crucial issue given the specific settlement patterns of the Río Bec region located on the northern fringe of the Maya central lowlands. -
Canuto-Et-Al.-2018.Pdf
RESEARCH ◥ shows field systems in the low-lying wetlands RESEARCH ARTICLE SUMMARY and terraces in the upland areas. The scale of wetland systems and their association with dense populations suggest centralized planning, ARCHAEOLOGY whereas upland terraces cluster around res- idences, implying local management. Analy- Ancient lowland Maya complexity as sis identified 362 km2 of deliberately modified ◥ agricultural terrain and ON OUR WEBSITE another 952 km2 of un- revealed by airborne laser scanning Read the full article modified uplands for at http://dx.doi. potential swidden use. of northern Guatemala org/10.1126/ Approximately 106 km science.aau0137 of causeways within and .................................................. Marcello A. Canuto*†, Francisco Estrada-Belli*†, Thomas G. Garrison*†, between sites constitute Stephen D. Houston‡, Mary Jane Acuña, Milan Kováč, Damien Marken, evidence of inter- and intracommunity con- Philippe Nondédéo, Luke Auld-Thomas‡, Cyril Castanet, David Chatelain, nectivity. In contrast, sizable defensive features Carlos R. Chiriboga, Tomáš Drápela, Tibor Lieskovský, Alexandre Tokovinine, point to societal disconnection and large-scale Antolín Velasquez, Juan C. Fernández-Díaz, Ramesh Shrestha conflict. 2 CONCLUSION: The 2144 km of lidar data Downloaded from INTRODUCTION: Lowland Maya civilization scholars has provided a unique regional perspec- acquired by the PLI alter interpretations of the flourished from 1000 BCE to 1500 CE in and tive revealing substantial ancient population as ancient Maya at a regional scale. An ancient around the Yucatan Peninsula. Known for its well as complex previously unrecognized land- population in the millions was unevenly distrib- sophistication in writing, art, architecture, as- scape modifications at a grand scale throughout uted across the central lowlands, with varying tronomy, and mathematics, this civilization is the central lowlands in the Yucatan peninsula. -
Survey and Settlement at the Ancient Maya Site of Ka’Kabish, Northern Belize
SURVEY AND SETTLEMENT AT THE ANCIENT MAYA SITE OF KA’KABISH, NORTHERN BELIZE A Thesis Submitted to the Committee on Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the Faculty of Arts and Science TRENT UNIVERSITY Peterborough, Ontario, Canada © Copyright by Alec McLellan 2012 Anthropology M.A. Graduate Program January 2013 ABSTRACT SURVEY AND SETTLEMENT AT THE ANCIENT MAYA SITE OF KA’KABISH, NORTHERN BELIZE Alec McLellan Archaeologists at the ancient Maya site of Ka’Kabish, in northern Belize, have begun to recreate the developmental history of this medium sized center. Over the course of the 2010 and 2011 field seasons, investigations of settlement surrounding the site revealed several areas of domestic occupation.Archaeologists conducted field survey and test-pit excavationsto investigate the distribution and density of these structures, as well as the occupation history, of the settlement zone. These investigations revealed that areasof the site wereoccupied as early as theLate Preclassic (300BC-AD100) until the Late Postclassic (AD1250-1521), approaching the Colonialperiod of early Maya history.Archaeologists compared distributional characteristics, along with structural densities, to other ancient Maya sites in Northern Belize. These results demonstrate changes in the Ka’Kabish community over time and space, providing yet another example of the variability in the rise and fall of ancient Maya polities. Key Words: Archaeology, Ancient Maya, Ka’Kabish, Archaeological Survey, Settlement ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I want to acknowledge my supervisory committee members – Dr. Paul Healy, Dr. Helen Haines, and Dr. Gyles Iannone – who offered me guidance and support throughout this process.Without their timely advice, and constant reminders, I would not have been able to complete this work. -
The Investigation of Classic Period Maya Warfare at Caracol, Belice
The Investigation of Classic Period Maya Warfare at Caracol, Belice ARLEN F. CHASE DIANE Z. CHASE University of Central Florida Prior to the 1950s the prevalent view of the like rulers who were concerned whith preserving ancient Maya was as a peaceful people. ln 1952, their histories in hieroglyphic texts on stone and Robert Rands completed his Ph. D. thesis on the stucco; investigations at the site have thus far evidences of warfare in Classic Maya art, following uncovered some 40 carved monuments (Beetz and up on the important work just completed by Tatia- Satterthwaite 1981; A. Chase and D. Chase na Proskouriakoff (1950). Since then, research has 1987b). Caracol is unusual, however, in having rapidly accumulated substantial documentation left us written records that it successfully waged that the Maya were in fact warlike (cf. Marcus warfare against two of its neighboring polities at 1974; Repetto Tio 1985). There is now evidence different times within the early part of the Late for the existence of wars between major political Classic Period. units in the Maya area and, importantly, Maya There are two wars documented in the hiero- kingship has also been shown to be inextricably glyphic texts: Caracol defeats Tikal in 9.6.8.4.2 or joined with concepts of war, captives, and sacrifice A. D. 562 (A. Chase and D. Chase 1987a:6, (Demarest 1978; Schele and Miller 1986; Freidel 1987b:33,60; S. Houston in press) and Naranjo in 1986). Warfare also has been utilized as a power- 9.9.18.16.3 or A. D. 631 (Sosa and Reents 1980). -
The Case Study of Apocalypto
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/288187016 Relativism, Revisionism, Aboriginalism, and Emic/Etic Truth: The Case Study of Apocalypto Article · August 2013 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-1065-2-8 CITATIONS READS 2 2,540 1 author: Richard D Hansen University of Utah 33 PUBLICATIONS 650 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Mirador Basin Project, Guatemala View project Mirador Basin Archaeological Project View project All content following this page was uploaded by Richard D Hansen on 30 March 2016. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Chapter 8 Relativism, Revisionism, Aboriginalism, and Emic/Etic Truth: The Case Study of Apocalypto Richard D. Hansen Abstract Popular fi lm depictions of varied cultures, ranging from the Chinese, Africans, and Native Americans have repeatedly provided a variant perception of the culture. In works of fi ction, this fl aw cannot only provide us with entertainment, but with insights and motives in the ideological, social, or economic agendas of the authors and/or directors as well as those of the critics. Mel Gibson’s Maya epic Apocalypto has provided an interesting case study depicting indigenous warfare, environmental degradation, and ritual violence, characteristics that have been derived from multidisciplinary research, ethnohistoric studies, and other historical and archaeological investigations. The fi lm received extraordinary attention from the public, both as positive feedback and negative criticism from a wide range of observ- ers. Thus, the elements of truth, public perception, relativism, revisionism, and emic/etic perspectives coalesced into a case where truth, fi ction, and the virtues and vices of the authors and director of the fi lm as well as those of critics were exposed. -
A Distinctive Maya Architectural Format: the Lamanai Temple
8 A Distinctive Maya Architectural Format: The Lamanai Temple . H. Stanley Loten Introduction At Lamanai, as at Tikal, the ancient Maya maintained and repeated the same distinctive temple form over a Towering pyramidal temples, arresting dynastic significantly long time span at different locations portraits, fantastic.mythological figures; they leap to within the site. This review outlines the Lamanai our eyes from the forest canopy, from incised stelae example and considers comparable patterns of and from sculptured mask panels. 1l1ese are the great variation in architectural forms of pyramid-temples at signature pieces of Maya artistic production. They other sites in the Maya area. cap the ruins that initially attracted archaeological attention, and they continue to draw world-class As a secondary theme I am concerned with the con tourism to the Maya area. A constant· stream of ceptual role played by the pyramid, and with the vacationers shuffles past these great works, now underlying reasons that impelled the Maya to include cleared and restored. But they are seen merely as such costly and time-consuming features as prominent curiosities touted to sell excursions from Caribbean parts oftheir major temples. It is generally taken more resorts. In ancient times, however, they were certainly or less for granted that Maya pyramids were employed not for holiday amusement; they .were central to the to raise the "temples" at their summits to a civic and political life of Maya communities. Over commanding position of height (see, for example, centuries the Maya invested an enormous amount of Stierlin 1968:96). This view of the structures is time, energy, skill and resources in their production, certainly correct, and the idea has obvious value; I and their functioning is generally acknowledged to suspect, however, that it may not be the whole story. -
1 the Ancient Maya City: Anthropogenic Landscapes, Settlement Archaeology, and Caracol, Belize
1 THE ANCIENT MAYA CITY: ANTHROPOGENIC LANDSCAPES, SETTLEMENT ARCHAEOLOGY, AND CARACOL, BELIZE Arlen F. Chase and Diane Z. Chase Maya archaeology has seen substantial effort invested in mapping and recording site plans and boundaries. This research has been particularly advanced through the application of LiDAR technology to the ancient Maya landscape, which has more easily permitted the registration of both the topography and the modifications made to the land surface – features only rarely mapped at large-scale by archaeological projects. When combined with over 30 years of archaeological research, LiDAR permits us to determine Caracol’s spatial and temporal boundaries and landscape modifications, as well as to demonstrate how the site operated as a city through the use of embedded administrative nodes connected to an extensive solar causeway system. A comparative review of settlement data in the Maya region indicates that the ancient Maya minimally had two kinds of cities. In one form of urbanism, such as at Caracol, sustainable agricultural practices could be carried out within the boundaries of the city; in the other form of Maya urbanism, the settlement was too dense and compact for the practice of sustainable agriculture, meaning that primary agricultural fields must have existed outside the city boundaries. This conclusion significantly advances our understanding of tropical urbanism in antiquity. Introduction it is nevertheless consistent with a form of urban development found in other tropical “To estimate population it is necessary to define environments around the world. Tropical the boundaries of sites. This is not an easy urbanism is often characterized by a dispersed matter in parts of the Maya lowlands.” settlement pattern that is fully integrated with (Rice and Culbert 1990:20) agriculture – forming a truly “green” city in the sense of modern aspirations. -
"In 1965 the University Museum Received As a Gift an Intricately Painted Slab of Limestone
83 A PAINTED CAPSTONE FROM THE MAYA AREA Christopher Jones Introduction Mesoamerican archaeology is in an exciting period of synthesis, in which many scholars are making attempts to understand their particular areas or sites as parts of the complex development of civilization in the Americas. The spirit of synthesis has often re-exposed the shakiness of the scaffolding on which some of the most trusted chronologies are based. One of the frustrating chronological controversies at present is that of the architectural styles of the Yucatan Peninsula, with its strongly regional nature and its apparently sudden changes and abandonments. Attempts have seemed to fall so far to reconcile differences of viewpoint in such major matters as the correlation of the Northern and Southern Maya Lowland sequences (see Willey and Shimkin 1973: 471- 473 for a recent statement), and even the basic outline of the architectural sequence at Chichen Itza (Parsons 1969: 172-184). The present paper is written for two purposes. The first is to illustrate and describe a hitherto unpublished painted Maya capstone from the peninsula and present a reading of its inscription. The second is to review our knowledge about capstone dates and scenes in the belief that these small paintings can contribute toward a resolution of some of the above-mentioned controversies, as well as toward a better understanding of the complex religious beliefs of the area. The University Museum Capstone: The Artifact William R. Coe, curator of the American Section of the University Museum, has kindly furnished the following comments upon the physical appearance of the Univer- sity Museum Capstone as well as a photograph (Plate 1), a drawing of the painted scene (Figure 1), and a drawing of the capstone as an object (Figure 2). -
Lowland Maya Fortifications
LOWLAND MAYA FORTIFICATIONS DAVID WEBSTER Assistant Professorof Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University THE PURPOSE of this paper is to review the ence of prehistoric warfare in several respects. evidence for, and implications of, Lowland Maya First, at least some vestiges of large-scale defen- military architecture, particularly that predating sive systems, especially those consisting of ma- the collapse of Classic Maya society at about 950 sonry or earth, will be preserved almost indefi- A.D. Apart from the pioneering work of Armillas nitely and are archaeologically quite visible. (1951) and Palerm (1954) there has been no Defensive configurations are, moreover, usually systematic analysis of Mesoamerican military sufficiently distinctive so that functional inter- architecture in general, let alone that of the Maya pretations are straightforward. This is especially Lowlands. This neglect is particularly unfortunate true in the Maya Lowlands where there are few because archaeologists are increasingly empha- natural features with defensive pptential (e.g. sizing warfare as a basic process in the evolution rugged topography). Careful analysis of de- of complex societies-those which we label fensive systems provides information concerning "civilizations" or "states." This review of Maya the scale, intensity, tactics, and social organiza- fortifications constitutes a partial test of the hy- tion of warfare-information which it is difficult pothesis that warfare was an important factor in to derive from other lines of evidence. Finally, the evolution and structuring of Lowland Maya the patterning of fortified sites on the landscape civilization (Webster, in press). obviously has implications for widespread po- Considering the potential significance of war- litical and economic structuring. -
On the Escarcega-Chetumal.Highway, and Are Believed to Be Representative of Ancient Rural Settlement of the Rio Bec Region
56 ANCIENT AGRICULTURAL FARMSTEADS IN THE RIO BEC REGION OF YUCATAN Jack D. Eaton Introduction The subject of this report is the description and analysis of Maya farmsteads of Classic period date in the Rio Bec region of Yucatan (Fig. 1). The farmsteads are associated with artificial field ridges and hillside terraces. These probably had both agricultural and non-agricultural functions. Hillside terraces, or ridges, were first reported in the Rio Bec region by Ruppert and Denison (1943: 13, 50) These land features were noted in the southern part of the region and were simply referred to as "check dams. " Ridges and terraces were also noted by me during explorations in the region during 1966-67, and again in 1970 when the ruins of Chicanna were excavated (Eaton 1974a: 51). In 1971 I continued reconnaissance (Eaton Ms.), which coinsided with one of the most ambitious seasons of milpa clearing in the region in modern times. This was a result of a marked increase in the regional population, notably roadside settlements that appeared with the construc- tion of the new trans-peninsula highway (HWY 186). After the milpas were burned, field ridges and hillside terracing suddenly became manifest in nearly every field examined. This clearly demonstrated what was previously suspected; that there had been an intense development of the land surface throughout the region in ancient times. Also noted in the fields, and clearly associated with the land development, were the remains of ancient structures. These included platform mounds and the base walls of small houses. The platforms and the houses were found individually and in groups, and certainly represent farmsteads.