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CONCERNS in EUROPE January - June 2001

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CONCERNS in EUROPE January - June 2001 CONCERNS IN EUROPE January - June 2001 FOREWORD This bulletin contains information about Amnesty International’s main concerns in Europe between January and June 2001. Not every country in Europe is reported on: only those where there were significant developments in the period covered by the bulletin. The five Central Asian republics of Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan are included in the Europe Region because of their membership of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and the Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE). This bulletin contains an index on pages 100 and 101 about cases and incidents investigated by Amnesty International affecting women and children. They are not an exhaustive summary of the organization’s concerns, but a reflection of the range of violations suffered by women, children and juveniles in Europe. A number of individual country reports have been issued on the concerns featured in this bulletin. References to these are made under the relevant country entry. In addition, more detailed information about particular incidents or concerns may be found in Urgent Actions and News Service Items issued by Amnesty International. This bulletin is published by Amnesty International every six months. References to previous bulletins in the text are: AI Index: EUR 01/001/2001 Concerns in Europe: July - December 2000 AI Index: EUR 01/03/00 Concerns in Europe: January - June 2000 AI Index: EUR 01/01/00 Concerns in Europe: July - December 1999 AI Index: EUR 01/02/99 Concerns in Europe: January - June 1999 AI Index: EUR 01/02/98 Concerns in Europe: January - June 1998 AI Index: EUR 01/03/92 Concerns in Europe: November 1991-April 1992 AI Index: EUR 01/02/91 Concerns in Europe: May-October 1991 Amnesty International September 2001 AI Index: EUR 01/003/2001 2 Concerns in Europe: January - June 2001 headquarters to complain, they were reportedly A L B A N I A subjected to sexual threats, but allowed to make a formal complaint. Amanta Bakalli shortly afterwards Allegations of torture and ill-treatment of left the country. detainees by police In the run-up to national elections on 24 June the Democratic Party complained that on 17 June police There were further allegations that police had tortured had beaten and injured many of its supporters during and ill-treated detainees. On the night of 20 to 21 a rally by the governing Socialist Party in the town of January Azgan Haklaj, a local leader of the opposition Kavaja. The authorities stated that some Democratic Democratic Party in the northern district of Tropoja, Party supporters had attempted to disrupt the rally, was arrested at home and subsequently detained for and had thrown stones at police officers who had investigation on charges of “taking part in illegal asked them to desist. Four police officers were said to demonstrations” and “violence against property”. The have been lightly injured. charges, which he denied, related to a rally held in the town of Bajram Curri in November 2000 which Torture and ill-treatment of minors escalated into violent clashes between armed men and police. During these the police station was attacked In March 2001 an Albanian NGO, the Legal Clinic for and one man (a civilian) was shot dead by police, and Minors, stated that almost all of the 45 minors detained others wounded. On 22 January Azgan Haklaj filed a in custody or serving sentences which the Clinic had complaint alleging that masked police officers who had interviewed during the previous six months had been arrested him had beaten him with rifle butts, struck his subjected to physical violence - beatings - in police stations. wife and child, and had continued to beat and kick him while driving him to Tirana. A forensic medical report Investigation of allegations confirmed he had injuries consistent with these of police ill-treatment allegations. The Ministry of Public Order denied that his wife or child had been ill-treated, and stated that In June AI was informed by the prosecuting police officers had resorted to force only because he authorities that judicial investigations into (separate) had violently resisted arrest. In early April his lawyer complaints of ill-treatment filed by Ferit Çepi and Naim stated that he had only once been questioned in Pulaku (see AI Index: EUR 01/001/2001 where Naim connection with his complaint, and claimed that no Pulaku is incorrectly named as Sami Pulaku) had been other investigation work had yet been undertaken by completed and the cases sent to court for trial. In a police or prosecutors. third case, Elbasan district court found a police In March a police officer in the town of Pogradec officer, Tahir Çaushi, guilty of “committing arbitrary reportedly punched and kicked Lorenc Çallo, whom he acts” and sentenced him to a fine of 150,000 leks wrongly suspected of having fired a gun. He also hit (about US$1,000). He had detained and beaten Gentian him with a radio handset, injuring his left eye. Bici in February 2000, causing him injuries. Eyewitnesses and a forensic medical examination confirmed Lorenc Çallo’s allegations. The People’s AI visit and report Advocate (Ombudsperson) who investigated this incident recommended the dismissal of the officer. In March two AI delegates visited Albania for research Çlirim Proko from the southern village of Lazarat purposes; during their visit they met and interviewed was arrested on 16 March in connection with an victims of police ill-treatment and their lawyers as well incident in September 2000 when a government as Albanian NGOs working in the field of human minister was prevented from entering the village by a rights and journalists. They also spoke with officials, group of armed men. He was also reportedly accused including the Minister of Public Order, police and of wounding a police officer. Following his detention prosecutors. See Albania: Torture and ill-treatment - in Gjirokastra, several police officers reportedly took an end to impunity? (AI Index: EUR 11/001/2001), him from the police station and drove him into the hills May 2001 outside the city where they brutally beat him. His bruises were reportedly visible to his lawyer and to a doctor who examined him nine days later. A R M E N I A In April the Secretary General of Shoqata Gay Albania (Gay Albania Society), Nasser Almalak, a Accession to the Council of Europe Jordanian resident in Albania, and Amanta Bakalli, a (update to AI Index: EUR 01/001/2001) transvestite, were attacked by four members of the Republic Guards (a force responsible for the security On 25 January Armenia and Azerbaijan formally of government officials and buildings) outside the acceded to the Council of Europe, following an Guards’ barracks, where they had gone to meet a invitation from the Committee of Ministers on 9 friend. When they later went to the Guards’ November 2000. On the day of joining, Armenia and AI Index: EUR 01/003/2001 Amnesty International September 2001 Concerns in Europe: January - June 2001 3 Azerbaijan signed the European Convention for the perform a civilian alternative to military service, should Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental they be offered this possibility. The continuing Freedoms (ECHR) as well as Protocol Six to that imprisonments appeared to be a violation, at the very convention, which provides for the abolition of the least, of the spirit of Armenia’s commitment on death penalty for crimes committed in peacetime. The accession to the Council of Europe to pardon all countries had committed to signing and ratifying those conscientious objectors pending the adoption of a law two conventions within one year of joining.1 Council on alternative service. of Europe Secretary-General Walter Schwimmer In the first half of 2001, at least eight instituted post-accession monitoring of the two new conscientious objectors were reportedly conditionally members’ commitments relating to respect for released from detention and allowed to live at home, democratic principles, rule of law and the observance after serving a part of their sentence, but were still of human rights. In particular, in February the required to report regularly to the police. Among those Secretary General appointed three independent experts conditionally released were Vitaly Usupov and Rafik to inquire into cases of alleged political prisoners in Tonoian, who had alleged they had been beaten by Armenia and Azerbaijan (see Azerbaijan entry). Armenian police and military personnel respectively, as a result of their conscientiously-held beliefs. AI is still Law on alternative service seeking information from the Armenian authorities regarding any investigation opened in response to these The draft law on introduction of alternative civilian allegations. Others conditionally released were named service remained under discussion in the period under as Yervand Poghosian, Sergey Grigorian, Vardan review. In March, Armenian Defence Minister Serzh Virabian, Martin Shahinian and Mkhitar Abroian. On Sarkisian reportedly put forward the possibility that the 28 June, Arshak Militonian submitted an application law would be adopted towards the end of 2002. for release under the terms of the amnesty marking the According to the minister, the law would allow service 1700th anniversary of Christianity (see below), and is in other structures for those people who do not want thought to have been released shortly after, having to carry out military service due to religious served one month of a two year sentence for evasion convictions, as well as individuals who are unsuited to of military service under Article 75 of the Armenian military service for health reasons. On joining the Criminal Code. Other releases under the amnesty were Council of Europe, Armenia committed to adopting a due to follow, although it was believed that anyone law on alternative service within three years, and in the sentenced under Article 255a of the military section of meantime to pardon all conscientious objectors the Criminal Code for “desertion” would not be sentenced to prison terms or service in disciplinary included as their crime is viewed as ‘too serious’.
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