EPS 77 ‘Envoi’: a Carlos Fuentes

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EPS 77 ‘Envoi’: a Carlos Fuentes EPS 77 ‘Envoi’: a Carlos Fuentes. cogen los aspectos más superficiales de rroja se ponían líricos decían cosas como una cultura degradándola con una estéti- “tú, gran señor de los creyentes”, o bien, ca de supermercado. El islam de los peter- “tú, favorita del profeta”; si se ponían vio- panes y las majorettes. Eso sí: entrañable lentos, “tú, hijo de una hiena”, o “tú, bas- como un sueño de infancia y evanescente tardo de un camello”. Se trata de tópicos a como la primera menstruación de las cua- costa de la retórica árabe, o la idea que de tro hermanitas March. ella podía tener un guionista de Holly- Recordad un título de 1949: Bagdad. wood. Mejor aún: un dialoguista de cómics La suprema pelirroja Maureen O’Hara y o un redactor de frases para portadas de el elegante villano Vincent Price obser- pulp magazines. van, desde el desierto, las murallas de la Máximas, adagios, preceptos expresa- ciudad (es decir, un precioso forillo con dos con gran pomposidad por árabes de ra el año 2001. Mien- cúpulas, palmeras y minaretes por do- Wisconsin o Nebraska. Califas, sultanes o tras en los áridos solares de Afganistán quier). tuaregs que ofrecían la seductora apa- el cruzado Bush y sus hordas jugaban al Ella es la princesa Marjane, hija de riencia de Jon –sin hache– Hall, un adonis Egato y al ratón con el islam, la casi ex- un jeque árabe, pero educada en la Ingla- que había hecho de polinesio (!) en Hu- traviada memoria del cinéfilo celebraba terra victoriana. Regresa al hogar sun- racán sobre la isla, junto a Dorothy La- el 50º aniversario de la muerte de la sul- tuosamente vestida a la europea, muy mour, la chica del sarong. Al poco, le con- tana Maria Montez en una virtieron en pareja oficial de bañera de París. Su nombre Maria Montez. Les secundaron no dirá nada a los devotos de Turhan Bey y Sabú, que por lo Nicole Kidman, pero en los menos podían presumir de años de la II Guerra Mundial exóticos ciertos. El primero fue la indiscutida reina del era turco; el segundo, hindú. Y tecnicolor y una de las sobe- en Ali Baba y los cuarenta la- ranas de la pintoresca ola de drones, el jefe de los cacos era exotismo que sacudió Holly- el mallorquín Fortunio Bona- wood. Más adelante, finaliza- nova, que fue el primer Don dos los años sesenta, con la Juan Tenorio del cine español, moda de la nostalgia y el retro allá en tiempos del mudo. camp se convirtió en un icono gay importante (la citaba, con ‘Stravaganza’ cariño, uno de los maricuelas Durante la II Guerra Mundial, de The boys in the band, obra la necesidad de escapismo en rompedora de tabúes que pre- la retaguardia explica que las sentaba una fiesta gay con to- plateas vibrasen lo mismo con das sus quisicosas). los boogies de las hermanas Otra espectacular empe- Andrews y las sambas de Car- ratriz del tecnicolor, Yvonne men Miranda que con títulos de Carlo –el nombre lo dice como Sudán o La esclava del todo–, hizo más veces de desierto. Al mismo tiempo, la mora que Maria, pero fue LUCHA. “El inmortal Sabú surcó los cielos de las mil maravillas en ‘El explotación del tecnicolor de ésta la que quedó mitificada ladrón de Bagdad’. Aquí lucha por Maria Montez, como solía”. Natalie Kalmus, con su aloca- desde su aparición en un títu- da exacerbación cromática, lo legendario para una entera genera- l’éclat parisien. Es entonces cuando pro- exigió la elección de ambientes exóticos, ción de párvulos: Las mil y una noches nuncia su frase inmortal: “Don’t forget pintorescos y,desde luego, sobrecargados. (Arabian Nights, 1942). Interpretaba a that my people are desert people”. Nunca fue acatada con tanto rigor la máxi- una danzarina llamada Scherazade –sin ¡Mandan cojones, Maureen! ma “dar al espectador más por su dinero”. nada que ver con el original literario–, y Esto en las escenas de interior, donde la publicidad yanqui la anunciaba volup- Cualquiera que sea su idea de la nunca se escatimó un atrezzo propio de ba- tuosamente reclinada sobre almohado- gente del desierto, parece una reflexión car- zar turístico; para los exteriores, no podían nes de raso, mientras decía: “Just call me tesiana comparada con las que pronuncia faltar las persecuciones sobre las dunas del Shera”. Price, convertido en siniestro pachá turco: desierto y las puestas de sol en los oasis, Cincuenta y nueve años después, ese “¡Bagdad! Tal vez la ciudad más antigua con efectos coloristas de gran mérito si te- diminutivo nos parece sospechoso. Como de la Tierra, la fabulosa ciudad de Schera- nemos en cuenta que no existía el Adobe sea que otro anuncio de la misma película zade y Las mil y una noches… ¡Bagdad! Photoshop. En efecto: los cielos ciberné- pregonaba a unas odaliscas de inconfun- Para los árabes quiere decir paz, pero du- ticos de la última versión de La momia dible lozanía Malibú Beach con la frase rante siete siglos no ha habido paz. ¡Oh, (2000) ya casi se conseguían en la Univer- “un vistazo íntimo al interior de un ha- sí!, cinco veces por día los fieles se arrodi- sal por el simple conjuro del delirio. ¡Y con rén”, la sospecha se cumple inexorable- llan y discuten la paz con Alá, pero des- qué encanto! ¡Con qué ingenua ternura! mente: estamos en los umbrales del kitsch graciadamente Alá no se digna responder Lo que más distingue a la orientalia es puro y duro. a sus plegarias”. su sentido de la stravaganza, el espíritu La parcela del exotismo conocida como Hete aquí una descripción típica de la carnavalesco que lleva a compendiar los orientalia está plagada de frases que son orientalia en su tendencia a la metáfora aspectos más dispersos del kitsch del si- obras maestras del humor involuntario. Y trivializada. Cuando los personajes de El glo XX, bebiendo todavía en las fuentes del son kitsch de alto voltaje en tanto que re- halcón del desierto o Los hermanos Barba- anterior. Pudiera ser una representación 78 EPS REINA MONTEZ. “A Maria Montez no le dio la real gana de mostrar- se actriz. Le bastó con ser egregia. Ella misma lo dijo: ‘Cuando me miro al espejo, me veo tan guapa que siento ganas de gritar”. EPS 79 DELIRIO EN ROSA. “El autor de esta foto de Sal Mineo debía de ser un pirado que veía ‘la vie en rose’. En cuanto al divino efebo, actuaba –y cantaba– en ‘Aladdin’, el único musical de Cole Porter para televisión. Debra Paget y Jeffrey Hunter llegaron tarde al filón, pero nadie se lo reprochó cuando se exhi- bieron así de hermosos en ‘Princess of the Nile”. 80 EPS “Lo que más distingue a la ‘orienta- lia’ es su sentido de la ‘stravaganza” EPS 81 parroquial de El rapto del serrallo, pero los personajes del ciclo literario cono- las razas manipuladas, los árabes fue- también una caja de bombones con le- cido como Las mil y una noches, defor- ron los menos perjudicados (desde lue- tras doradas, un calendario de la Pana- mado conforme a los nuevos intereses go, nunca como los japoneses bajo los merican, un anuncio de jabón Palmoli- narrativos que, de repente, se parecían rasgos del siniestro Fu-Man-Chú, los ve o, en fin, un espectáculo arrevistado a los del género western. Pasaron por la pieles rojas en la obra de John Ford o que mezcla el gusto del Lido de París pantalla Simbad el Marino (Douglas los negros según Griffith y múltiples con fogonazos visuales de Las Vegas y Fairbanks Jr.), Aladino (Cornel Wilde), sucesores). En los productos de los Barbary Coast. Ali Baba y Harum al Raschid (Jon Hall) años cuarenta y cincuenta, no parece En algunas ocasiones, la stravagan- y, naturalmente, Ahmed, ladronzuelo que la productora especializada en el za se volvió sideral. Había que ver a la de Bagdad (Douglas Fairbanks, Sabú y, género –la Universal– tuviese nada es- teutona Marlene Dietrich en su intento en los años sesenta, Steve Reeves). Sin pecífico contra el islam; antes bien, se de glorificar a la mujer islámica con un contar otros personajes inventados bajo diría que sus personajes le caían sim- atuendo de drag queen anticipada a su el mismo patrón. Como Tony Curtis en páticos, ya por simplones, ya por he- tiempo. ¡Ay, Lola, Lola de la morería! Su alteza el ladrón,Rock Hudson en La roicos. La lucha contra tiranos o usur- En Kismet (El príncipe mendigo) se hizo espada de Damasco,Jeff Chandler en padores era una causa que siempre famosa su danza con las piernas pinta- Los hermanos Barbarroja o John Derek tuvo las de ganar entre todos los cora- das de oro; pero en el Guinness de la ex- en Amazonas negras. (Esta película zones del mundo. Pero, además, los per- travagancia no hay que olvidar el im- contiene, por cierto, la pareja más her- sonajes árabes no molestaban desde un presionante artilugio punto de vista étnico, capilar que diseñó porque gracias a los para ella el manitas de actores que los inter- plata de la Metro, Sid- pretaban eran los mis- ney Guilaroff. Como mos rostros que el peinado, fue las Torres americano wasp po- Gemelas de la alta pos- día encontrar en su ticería. vecindario. Y como las En los años cin- grandes estrellas del cuenta, el encargo de cine egipcio eran des- una nueva versión de conocidas en Occiden- Kismet constituyó un te, a nadie se le ocu- regalo para un director rrió plantearse si Ma- esteta como Vincente diha Youzri, Fatem Minnelli.
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