DOCSLIB.ORG

PROFESSOR SIR PETER HALL: ROLE MODEL Professor Sir Peter Hall: Role Model

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
PROFESSOR SIR PETER HALL: ROLE MODEL Professor Sir Peter Hall: Role Model PROFESSOR SIR PETER HALL: ROLE MODEL Professor Sir Peter Hall: Role Model MICHAEL HEBBERT In a guest-editorial introduction to the ‘Built Environment’ special issue in celebration of Peter Hall, Michael Hebbert refl ects on the range and variety of his accomplishment. Diversity was a striking feature of the obituaries published after his death in 2014 and it shows through even more strongly in the present collection of papers from former students and collaborators. They refl ect on his legacy in a very personal way. Here was a man who modelled many roles and touched many lives: easy to love, hard to emulate, impossible to forget. … we were having a very enjoyable lunch at So who were his role models? It’s a long the Garrick, when he [Terry Heiser, Permanent roll-call but there are consistent patterns. As Secretary to the Department of the Environment] a writer he prized clarity and moral honesty, suddenly sprang a Heiser-type question: ‘Who are your role models?’ It more or less completely values learned from George Orwell, Arthur fl oored me and the other guest, who has produced Koestler, Frank Leavis, his Cambridge tutor some notable movies in his time. I don’t think either Gus Caesar, and Paul Barker (editor of New of us adequately rewarded Terry for that lunch. I’ve Society) among others. As a geographer he been thinking about the question ever since, and this admired social scientists who engaged with is by way of recompense. the evidence on the big scale: Alfred Mar- Thus Peter Hall introduced the memorable shall, Charles Booth, Beatrice Webb, Joseph inaugural lecture marking his professorial Schumpeter. In his planning pantheon were appointment to University College London in decision-makers such as Frank Pick, Patrick 1992. The lecture took shape as an intellectual Abercrombie, Michael Heseltine, Wulf Dase- autobiography spanning the entire trajectory king, who similarly saw the big picture and from boyhood in West Kensington through – as he put it when thanking the Royal Town wartime years in Blackpool, undergraduate Planning Institute for their Gold Medal in and postgraduate studies at Cambridge, 2003 – could walk the walk as well as talking journalism, teaching and policy engagements the talk. He liked academics unafraid to in swinging sixties London, his fi rst youthful engage with real-world challenges who could professorship at the University of Reading, multi-task, dictating their correspondence the move to the University of California at and writing their books on the hoof – May- Berkeley in 1980 and his return to England nard Keynes, Dudley Stamp, Richard Llewellyn- to take up the UCL chair at the age of sixty. Davies. He enjoyed collaborations with salty Peter updated his narrative two decades characters with iconoclastic streaks – John later in an ‘Apologia Pro Vita Sua’ writt en Vaizey, Reyner Banham, Michael Young, as a personal contribution to our eightieth Manuel Castells, Colin Ward. He sniffed birthday festschrift The Planning Imagination. out pseudo-intellectualism and had no time After his death it was reprinted in the August for cultural affectations: it explains a certain 2014 issue of Town and Country Planning. estrangement from his parent discipline BUILT ENVIRONMENT VOL 41 NO 1 5 PROFESSOR SIR PETER HALL: ROLE MODEL of geography, a sore topic for the 1992 in- to Ebenezer Howard and the reviver of the augural, though less with the passage of decentralist garden cities movement, but years. also ‘the most urbane of urbanists’ (in the There’s a sense of organic unity in Peter words of the Financial Times) and leading Hall’s own telling of his career. The strands light of the big-city network Global Urban lead connectedly from childhood experiments Development. His legacies were detected in drawing Harry Beck’s London Under- at the wide scale of regional structure or ground map with coloured crayons, through in the detail of transport networks. His- Blackpool Grammar School and St Catharine’s torians hailed his genius in making sense Cambridge, to those first superb books of his of the past, technophiles his flair for futur- early career, the historical Industries of London ology. He was remembered for big data- and the prophetic London 2000. Having suc- crunching projects and for pioneering the cinctly captured the complexities of London’s UK application of numerical modelling of metropolitan geography he went on to do it land-use and transport systems, but also for for seven other capitals in the book World commonsensical weekly journalism and the Cities. His analyses of outer metropolitan land sort of readable scholarship embodied in this use and travel patterns developed into the very journal, which he edited for 36 years. monumental Containment of Urban England, From one perspective he was the essential which in turn included a narrative of plan- globalist, travelling astonishing numbers ning history that came to fruit in his texts of miles each year and always comparing Urban & Regional Planning and Cities of To- what he saw; but he was also deeply rooted morrow. That original intensive study of and an effective local champion in his home agglomeration and innovation in London’s territories of London, Blackpool and Man- industrial structure re-emerged in his seminal chester. American studies of sunbelt and gunbelt This commemorative issue of Built Environ- industry, silicon landscapes and techno- ment continues the multiplication of narra- polises, and lastly and most ambitiously tives around Peter Hall’s work and influence. in the thousand-page Cities in Civilization, Written by students and colleagues, its theme which is as much a work of comparative is a truly surprising diversity: it seems we all economic geography as it is a homage to knew the same individual yet each knew a Lewis Mumford. His final cluster of projects different man. The fourteen contributors on railway networks and sustainable, cover the entire span of his career from the polycentric settlement patterns connected moment he joined LSE in 1965 through to the right back to Frank Pick, Harry Beck and intense research activity of his last summer those coloured crayons. So in his life as well months in 2014. It’s extraordinary to be as in his work Peter did meet the precept of reminded of the scope of his life-work, the his undergraduate tutor Augustus Caesar: variety of roles he modelled for successive begin at the beginning and follow inexorably generations of students and colleagues, through logical argument to your final and the ramifications of his legacy. If the conclusions. ‘Apologia Pro Vita Sua’ reveals Peter’s own After Peter’s death the obituaries had a moral compass, this collection shows the different logic. There were some common many different points to which it led him – elements – tribute to his encyclopaedic intel- and us. ligence, personal charm, exceptional product- The issue’s starting point is 1965 when ivity – but beyond that, each emphasized a Peter Hall arrived at the London School difference. Some highlighted his advocacy of Economics and John Goddard became of free enterprise, others his championship one of his first PhD students, working on of planning. He was remembered as the heir the London office boom and the efforts of 6 BUILT ENVIRONMENT VOL 41 NO 1 PROFESSOR SIR PETER HALL: ROLE MODEL government to regulate it. The topic com- join his final Californian PhD cohort. Her bined methodological innovation in the latest paper’s unexpected excursions into the social techniques of quantitative geography with histories of blues and flamenco remind us intense policy relevance, and the paper shows how wide he could range. the brilliance with which Peter fostered both Nick Green opens the final sequence as sets of connections. My own experience one of the first PhD students of the Bartlett began four years later, in 1969. Newly gradu- years, working on a cultural-spatial analysis ated with a history degree (specialism: Later of artists’ studios in the East End of London. Roman Empire) I had visited Reyner Banham As with many other contributors, the at UCL in search of advice on how to become doctoral project led into an extended research a journalist specializing in urban issues. He collaboration, contributing to the POLYNET sensibly directed me to the University of project on European Spatial Structure from Reading where the newly installed Professor posts within the two non-profit organizations of Geography was a superb exponent of the that became Peter’s principal policy vehicles craft – not that I acquired it, though I learned after the turn of the century, Michael Young’s so much else, ending up 40 years later as Institute of Community Studies and the a Bartlett colleague. My Reading fellow- Town and Country Planning Association. students are represented in this issue by Basak Demires joined the team as a doctoral Peter Williams and Ray Wyatt, both of whom student funded by the wondrous windfall joined in 1972. The former’s investigation of from the Swiss Balzan Foundation, which gentrification in Islington launched a dis- named Peter as one of its 2005 prize-winners tinguished academic and professional career for his contributions to the history of the as one of the UK’s top housing experts, the modern European city. Her task was to latter was drawn from Australia by Reading’s analyse the role of telecommunications in reputation as a hot spot for urban modelling, Europe’s polycentric urban system, and her and his paper offers a quizzical account of the paper tells this story within a wider tribute ups and downs of the field internationally, to his contributions to location theory, in and Peter’s lasting role as translator of particular via translation, interpretation and computer output into policy input.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Repurposing the Green Belt in the 2St Century
    Repurposing the Green Belt in the 21st Century Repurposing the Green Belt in the 21st Century Peter Bishop Alona Martinez Perez Rob Roggema Lesley Williams First published in 2020 by UCL Press University College London Gower Street London WC1E 6BT Available to download free: www.uclpress.co.uk Text © Authors, 2020 Images © Authors and copyright holders named in captions, 2020 The authors have asserted their rights under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 to be identified as the authors of this work. A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from The British Library. This book is published under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial Non-derivative 4.0 International licence (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). This licence allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the work for personal and non-commercial use providing author and publisher attribution is clearly stated. Attribution should include the following information: Bishop, P., Martinez Perez, A., Roggema, R. and Williams, L. 2020. Repurposing the Green Belt in the 21st Century. London: UCL Press. https://doi. org/10.14324/111.9781787358843 Further details about Creative Commons licences are available at http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/ Any third-party material in this book is published under the book’s Creative Commons licence unless indicated otherwise in the credit line to the material. If you would like to reuse any third-party material not covered by the book’s Creative Commons licence, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. ISBN: 978-1-78735-886-7 (Hbk) ISBN: 978-1-78735-885-0 (Pbk) ISBN: 978-1-78735-884-3 (PDF) ISBN: 978-1-78735-887-4 (epub) ISBN: 978-1-78735-888-1 (mobi) DOI: https://doi.org/10.14324/111.9781787358843 There is perhaps no need of the poor of London which more prominently forces itself on the notice of anyone working among them than that of space.
    [Show full text]
  • Telling Stories About Post-War Britain: Popular Individualism and the ‘Crisis’ of The
    Telling Stories about Post-war Britain: Popular Individualism and the ‘Crisis’ of the 1970s Keywords: 1970s, political narrative, individualism, neoliberalism Abstract: This article argues that, by the 1970s, people in Britain were increasingly insistent about defining and claiming their individual rights, identities and perspectives. Using individual narratives and testimonies, we show that many were expressing desires for greater personal autonomy and self-determination. We suggest that this was an important trend across the post-war decades, and of particular importance to understanding the 1970s. This popular individualism was not the result of Thatcher; if anything, it was a cause of Thatcherism. But this individualism had multiple political and cultural valences; desires for greater individual self-determination, and anger with the ‘establishment’ for withholding it, did not lead inexorably to Thatcherism. There were, in fact, some sources for, and potential outlets for, popular individualism on the left – outlets that explicitly challenged class, gender and racial inequalities. With this, we suggest the possibility of a new meta- narrative of post-war Britain, cutting across the political narrative that organises post-war British history into three periods: social democracy, ‘crisis’ and the triumph of ‘neoliberalism’. The 1970s was a key moment in the spread of a popular, aspirational form of individualism in post-war Britain, and this development is critical to our understanding of the history of the post-war years. Introduction: Narratives of the 1970s In the popular imagination, the 1970s is recalled as a decade of political ‘crisis’ and ‘decline’: two damaging miners’ strikes; power cuts and the three day working week; the oil price hike of 1973; high inflation; hung parliaments and fragile minority governments, and, most memorable of all, the ‘winter of discontent’ of 1978-9, with rubbish piling up in Leicester Square and bodies unburied.
    [Show full text]
  • Notes for Contributors to GEOGRAPHERS BIOBIBLIOGRAPHICAL STUDIES
    SIR PETER GEOFFREY HALL (1932–2014) <insert header portrait here> Rarely does the demise of a university professor attract such media coverage as followed the death of Sir Peter Hall. The Economist hailed him as the champion of cities; the Financial Times as the man who conceived the M25, ‘most urbane of urbanists’; the Guardian as ‘the planner with a vision of how peoples’ lives would change, and cities with them’; the Daily Telegraph as ‘the planning guru who loved urban life and championed enterprise zones, garden cities and new towns’; the New York Times as the British planner who devised Enterprise Zones; The Times as ‘Britain's most influential postwar planner’, shaper of London’s Docklands and begetter of a transport revolution. It was remarkable how few obituarists recalled that Hall was first if not foremost a geographer. Interviewed for the professional journal Building Design, the University of Pennsylvania's veteran architectural historian Joseph Rykwert hailed him as ‘one of that all-too-rare breed, a geographer not content with surveying what exists, but wanting to determine and stimulate inevitable changes’. This was close to the mark. Geography provided the well-spring for everything he accomplished as a planner. Ron Johnston, Paul Knox, and Robert Freestone recognised as much in three outstanding appreciations for Geographical Journal, Urban Geography and Progress in Human Geography respectively. Only a geographical perspective can make sense of the singularly prolific and many-stranded achievements of Professor Sir Peter Hall. 1 Early life and Education Peter Geoffrey Hall was born on 19 March 1932 in the London suburb of Hampstead to Arthur Hall, civil servant, and his wife Bertha, née Kelly: the elder of two sons.
    [Show full text]
  • Newcastle University Eprints
    Newcastle University ePrints Phelps NA, Tewdwr-Jones M. A man for all regions: Peter Hall and regional studies . Regional Studies 2014, 48(10), 1579-1586. Copyright: This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published in Regional Studies on 10 September 2014, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/00343404.2014.957933 . http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2014.957933 Date deposited: 10 March 2016 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License ePrints – Newcastle University ePrints http://eprint.ncl.ac.uk A MAN FOR ALL REGIONS: PETER HALL AND REGIONAL STUDIES Nicholas A. Phelps and Mark Tewdwr-Jones Regional Studies (2014) Regional studies, or the study of regions, was central to Peter Hall (1932-2014) as a person and as a scholar. He was instrumental in founding the Regional Studies Association and the journal Regional Studies. He was its’ first editor and remained an incomparable ambassador for the journal and the Association. But he was also, more fundamentally, a man for all regions. In this article we briefly consider aspects of Peter Hall’s contributions to regional studies, drawing on interviews we recently conducted with Peter. History and geography in Peter Hall’s regional studies and planning Though at one point he desired to defect and become an historian, Peter trained as a geographer at St Catharine’s College, Cambridge. Human and physical geography at that time were unified and taught as regional geography and he retained in his personal curiosity and writings this attachment to a cornerstone concept of geographical inquiry – the nature of the region, how to define it and analyse it.
    [Show full text]
  • Telling Stories About Post-War Britain: Popular Individualism and The
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Sussex Research Online Telling Stories about Post-war Britain: Popular Individualism and the ‘Crisis’ of the 1970s Authors: Emily Robinson, Camilla Schofield, Florence Sutcliffe-Braithwaite, Natalie Thomlinson Final version published in Twentieth Century British History, advance access 3 March 2017: https://academic.oup.com/tcbh/article-abstract/3061496/Telling-Stories-about-Post-war-Britain- Popular. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/tcbh/hwx006 Acknowledgements: This manuscript began as a roundtable on historical narratives of Britain in the 1970s at the Rethinking Modern British Studies Conference in July 2015. We are grateful to the organisers of that conference and for the support, questions and feedback we received there. Thanks to Lawrence Black, Lucy Delap, Ben Jones, Claire Langhamer, Jon Lawrence, Hugh Pemberton, Charlotte Riley, Lucy Robinson, Mathew Thomson, James Vernon and Matt Worley for your commentary and (feminist!) enthusiasm. We'd also like to thank the anonymous referees of TCBH who offered helpful and incisive criticism of the original four-part roundtable manuscript. Their referee reports inspired us to find the big argument and transform our roundtable discussion into this single co-authored article. The second round of TCBH referees also offered important feedback and advice, for which we are grateful. Finally, we owe special thanks to Guy Ortolano, for shepherding this article to completion with patience and supportive intellectual engagement. Keywords: 1970s, political narrative, individualism, neoliberalism Abstract: This article argues that, by the 1970s, people in Britain were increasingly insistent about defining and claiming their individual rights, identities and perspectives.
    [Show full text]
  • Labour's 'Broad Church'
    ANGLIA RUSKIN UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ARTS, LAW AND SOCIAL SCIENCES REACTION AND RENEWAL – LABOUR’S ‘BROAD CHURCH’ IN THE CONTEXT OF THE BREAKAWAY OF THE SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC PARTY 1979-1988 PAUL BLOOMFIELD A thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements of Anglia Ruskin University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Submitted: November 2017 Acknowledgements There are many people that I would like to thank for their help in the preparation of this thesis. I would like to thank first of all for their supervision and help with my research, my PhD Supervisory team of Dr Jonathan Davis and Professor Rohan McWilliam. Their patience, guidance, exacting thoroughness yet good humour have been greatly appreciated during the long gestation of this research work. For their kind acceptance in participating in the interviews that appear in this thesis, I would like to express my thanks and gratitude to former councillor and leader of Oldham Metropolitan Borough Council John Battye, Steve Garry and former councillor Jeremy Sutcliffe; the Right Honourable the Lord Bryan Davies of Oldham PC; the Right Honourable Frank Dobson MP; Labour activist Eddie Dougall; Baroness Joyce Gould of Potternewton; the Right Honourable the Baroness Dianne Hayter of Kentish Town; the Right Honourable the Lord Neil Kinnock of Bedwelty PC; Paul McHugh; Austin Mitchell MP; the Right Honourable the Lord Giles Radice PC; the Right Honourable the Lord Clive Soley of Hammersmith PC; and the Right Honourable Baroness Williams of Crosby. For their help and assistance I would like to thank the staff at the Labour History Archive and Study Centre, People’s History Museum, Central Manchester, Greater Manchester; the staff at the Neil Kinnock Archives, Churchill College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; and the staff at the David Owen Archives, University of Liverpool, Special Collections and Archives Centre, Liverpool.
    [Show full text]
  • Fifty Key Sociologists: the Contemporary Theorists
    FIFTY KEY SOCIOLOGISTS: THE CONTEMPORARY THEORISTS Fifty Key Sociologists: The‘ Contemporary Theorists covers the life, work, ideas and impact of some of the most important thinkers within this discipline. This volume concentrates on those figures whose main writings were based predominantly in the second half of the twen- tieth century. A–Z entries make this book easy to navigate and fig- ures covered include: Zygmunt Bauman Pierre Bourdieu Judith Butler Michel Foucault Claude Le´vi-Strauss Interested readers will find the ideas of theorists writing in the nine- teenth and early twentieth century discussed in Fifty Key Sociologists: The Formative Theorists. John Scott is a Professor of Sociology at the University of Essex. His most recent books include Sociology: The Key Concepts (2006), Power (Polity Press, 2001), Social Theory: Central Issues in Sociology (Sage, 2006) and, with James Fulcher, Sociology third edition, 2007). Also available from Routledge Sociology: The Key Concepts John Scott 0-415-34406-9 Sociology: The Basics Martin Albrow 0-415-17264-0 Fifty Key Sociologists: The Formative Theorists Edited by John Scott 0-415-35260-6 Key Quotations in Sociology K. Thompson 0-415-05761-2 Cultural Theory: The Key Thinkers Andrew Edgar and Peter Sedgwick 0-415-23281-3 Cultural Theory: The Key Concepts (Second edition) Edited by Andrew Edgar and Peter Sedgwick 0-415-28426-0 Social and Cultural Anthropology: The Key Concepts Nigel Rapport and Joanna Overing 0-415-18156-9 Habermas: The Key Concepts Andrew Edgar 0-415-30379-6 The Routledge
    [Show full text]
  • Urban and Regional Planning, Fourth Edition
    Urban and Regional Planning This is the fourth edition of the classic text for students of urban and regional planning. It gives a historical overview of the developments and changes in the theory and prac- tice of planning in the United Kingdom, throughout the entire twentieth century. This revised edition follows the successful format of previous editions: ● It introduces the establishment of planning as part of the public health reforms of the late nineteenth century and goes on to look at the insights of the great figures who influenced the early planning movement, leading up to the creation of the postwar planning machine. ● National and regional planning, and planning for cities and city regions, in the UK from 1945 to 2000, is then considered. Specific reference is made to the most impor- tant British developments in recent times, including the Single Regeneration Budget, English Partnerships, the devolution of Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, the establishment of the Mayor of London and the dominant urban sustainability paradigm. ● ‘Planning in Western Europe since 1945’ now incorporates new material on EU- wide issues, as well as updated country-specific sections. ● ‘Planning in the United States since 1945’ now discusses the continuing trends of urban dispersal and social polarization, as well as initiatives in land-use planning and transportation policies. ● Finally, the book looks at the nature of the planning process at the end of the twen- tieth century, reflecting briefly on shifts in planning paradigms since the 1960s and going on to discuss the main issues of the 1990s, including sustainability and social exclusion and looking forward to the twenty-first century.
    [Show full text]
  • Far from Consensual the Politics of British Economic Policy 1950-55. By
    Far From Consensual The Politics of British Economic Policy 1950-55. by Scott James Kelly Ph.D. Thesis London School of Economics and Political Science University of London 2000 UMI Number: U615585 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U615585 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 f S F 1771 POLITICAL AND l^Ur&Ob Abstract This thesis examines the conduct of economic policy from the moment Hugh Gaitskell joined the Treasury in 1950 as Stafford Cripps’ deputy to Rab Butler’s departure in December 1955. It shows that, contrary to the prevailing view of this period, there was no consensus about the ways in which the economy should be managed. There was a sustained argument over the use of physical controls, monetary policy and direct taxation. This thesis examines Gaitskell’s economic thought and the underlying economic and political rationales for the positions taken by the Labour and Conservative Parties. In examining the structure of economic policy-making, this thesis demonstrates that ministerial determination of policy is far more important than previous authors have assumed and that this is why a developing consensus among civil servants about the conduct of economic policy is not reflected in outputs.
    [Show full text]
  • Bio-Bibliographical Guide
    Pioneers of Qualitative Research Biographies and Publications UK Data Service, November 2018 Contents 1. Sara Arber .......................................................................................................... 5 2. Frank Bechhofer ................................................................................................ 8 3. Colin Bell .......................................................................................................... 10 4. Daniel Bertaux ................................................................................................. 13 5. Mildred Blaxter ................................................................................................ 16 6. Avtar Brah ........................................................................................................ 19 7. George Brown .................................................................................................. 22 8. David Butler ..................................................................................................... 28 9. John Bynner ..................................................................................................... 29 10. Pat Caplan ...................................................................................................... 31 11. Stan Cohen .................................................................................................... 35 12. David Cox ....................................................................................................... 38 13. Ivor Crewe
    [Show full text]
  • Hayek in the Cloud: Conservative Cognition and the Evolution of the Smart City
    Hayek in the Cloud: Conservative Cognition and the Evolution of the Smart City Smart cities theory and policy emphasizes the new — new cities, new technologies, and new possibilities of efficiency, innovation, and optimization. While some of the technological details of smart cities are indeed new, the underlying philosophy involves economic and policy traditions built in the mid-twentieth century—which were in turn premised on nineteenth-century epistemological revolutions. In this paper, I suggest that today’s Silicon Valley smart-city disruptions are the culmination of the social and political philosophies of Friedrich Hayek, fused with World War II cybernetics and the evolutionary methodological syntheses of Francis Galton and Karl Pearson. Today’s cosmopolitan world urban system, with its dynamic hierarchies of entrepreneurial informational innovation and promises of politically neutral managerial efficiency, encodes the automated software updates of a dominant but unstable operating system of social and cultural conservatism that consolidated the self-perceptions of Western civilization. Yet the evolution of conservatism—especially American conservatism—has produced an ignorance of its own history and contradictions. The planetary urbanization of Hayek’s smart- cities triumph, therefore, promises a transhumanist future of apocalyptic beauty in a robotic seige of the very foundations of cultural conservatism. 1 In recent years we’ve been inundated with corporate, policy, and scholarly discourses of “smart” urbanism. What, precisely,
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 1 Introduction
    Notes Abbreviations used in notes CAB Cabinet Papers ES Ministerial Committee on Economic Strategy EUS Ministerial Committee on European Strategy FCO Foreign and Commonwealth Office FV Department of Trade and Industry PREM Prime Minister’s Office T Treasury TFIA Files released by the Treasury under the Freedom of Information Act Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Stephen George, An Awkward Partner: Britain in the European Community (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998). For the overview of British and French policy towards European integration, see Andrew Geddes, The European Union and British Politics (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004); John W. Young, Britain and European Unity 1945–1999 (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 2000); Hugo Young, This Blessed Plot: Britain and Europe from Churchill to Blair (London: Macmillan, 1998); and Alain Guyomarch, Howard Machin and Ella Ritchie, France in the European Union (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1998). 2 The Hague European summit of 1969 commissioned the Werner Committee to draw up a report on EMU. See Werner Report, ‘Report to the Council and Com- mission on the Realization by Stages of Economic and Monetary Union in the Community’, Supplement to Bulletin of the European Communities, No. 11, 1970. 3 European Council, ‘Resolution of the European Council of 5 December 1978 on the Establishment of the European Monetary System and related Matters’, Bulletin of the European Communities, No. 12, 1978. 4 Alec Cairncross, ‘The Heath Government and the British Economy’, in Stuart Ball and Anthony Seldon (eds), The Heath Government 1970–74: A Reappraisal (London: Longman, 1996), 132. 5 On EMU in the 1970s, see Loukas Tsoukalis, The Politics and Economics of the European Monetary Integration (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1978).
    [Show full text]