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Soziologia Eta Zientzia Politikoaren Euskal Aldizkaria SOZIOLOGIA ETA ZIENTZIA POLITIKOAREN EUSKAL ALDIZKARIA INGURUAKREVISTA VASCA DE SOCIOLOGÍA Y CIENCIA POLÍTICA [64] PRODUCE • EKOIZLEA Asociación Vasca de Sociología y Ciencia Política • Euskal Soziologia eta Zientzia Poli- tikoaren Elkartea Email: [email protected] Web: http://inguruak.eus INDEXACIÓN • INDEXAZIOA: La Revista Vasca de Sociología y Ciencias Políticas INGURUAK está indexada en las bases de datos siguientes: CIRC, MIAR, LATINDEX, IN-RECS, RESH, DICE y Dialnet INGURUAK Soziologia eta zientzia politikoaren euskal aldizkaria honako datu-baseetan zerrendatuta dago: CIRC, MIAR, LATINDEX, IN-RECS, RESH, DICE eta Dialnet. EDICIÓN • ARGITARATZAILEA: Asociación Vasca de Sociología y Ciencia Política • Euskal Soziologia eta Zientzia Politikoaren Elkartea Junio de 2018 • 2018ko ekaina INGURUAK. Revista Vasca de Sociología y Ciencia Política se publica bajo el sistema de li- cencias Creative Commons según la modalidad: Reconocimiento—No Comercial (CC BY-NC 4.0): se permite la generación de obras derivadas siempre que no se haga su uso comercial. ISSN: 0214-7912 Depósito legal • Lege gordailua: BI 2059-98 DIRECTORA • ZUZENDARIA Patricia Campelo (UPV/EHU) CONSEJO EDITORIAL • ARGITALPEN KONTSEILUA Ekhi Atutxa (UPV/EHU) Iraide Fernández (UPV/EHU) Jonatan García Rabadán (UPV/EHU) Jone Goirigolzarri (UD /DU) Amaia Izaola (UPV/EHU) Rafael Leonisio (UPV/EHU) Julia Shershneva (UPV/EHU) CONSEJO DE REDACCIÓN • ERREDAKZIO KONTSEILUA Beatriz Otero (UPV/EHU) Jaione Mondragón (UPV/EHU) Gorka Urrutia (UD/ DU) Joseba Azkarraga (UPV/EHU) Ana Irene Del Valle (UPV/EHU) Elisa Usategui (UPV/EHU) Marian Ispizua (UPV/EHU) María Silvestre (UD/ DU) Iratxe Aristegui (UD/ DU) Raquel Royo (UD/ DU) Patxi Juaristi (UPV/EHU) Juan Aldaz (UPV/EHU) José Antonio Oleaga (UPV/EHU) Alberto de la Peña (UPV/EHU) Jone Martínez (UPV/EHU) Enrique Antolín (UPV/EHU) José Manuel Fernández (UPV/EHU) CONSEJO ASESOR • AHOLKU KONTSEILUA Cristina Lavía (UPV/EHU) Víctor Urrutia (UPV/EHU) Imanol Zubero (UPV/EHU) Xabier Aierdi (UPV/EHU) Gorka Moreno (UPV/EHU) Ibai Atutxa (Universidad de Columbia/Columbiako Unibertsitatea) Igor Ahedo (UPV/EHU) Andrés Dávila (UPV/EHU) Beatriz Izquierdo (Universidad de Burgos/Burgoseko Unibertsitatea) Sara González (University of Leeds) Guadalupe Ramos (UVA) Deusto Universidad de Deusto University of Deusto INGURUAK [64] SUMARIO · AURKIBIDEA ARTÍCULOS · ARTIKULUAK Manu Ahedo Santisteban 1 Egungo euskarazko literaturaren soziologia kultural baterantz: ispiluak eta tresnak sistema literario eta marko ideologikoen artean Gorka Roman Etxebarrieta 24 El Rock Radical Vasco. La constitución de los sujetos políticos a través de la música Raúl López Romo 41 ¿Espacios libres en (la) transición? La primera Semana Grande de Bilbao José Rama Caamaño, Carlos Fernández Esquer, José Manuel Pantín Morado Correo 63 ¿Voto nacionalista? Las bases electorales de AGE y En Marea en las elecciones autonómicas de 2012 y 2016 Ángel Belzunegui, David Dueñas, Eguzki Urteaga 89 Sare sozialen analisia erakundeetan: auzo-elkarte sareen azterketa NOTA DE INVESTIGACIÓN · IKERKETA OHARRA Ana Lucía Hernández Cordero, Alessandro Gentile 111 Narrativas y representaciones de la maternidad en edad adolescente RECENSIÓN · LIBURU IRUZKINA François Jullien 123 La identidad cultural no existe Mark Lilla 125 El regreso liberal. Más allá de la política de la identidad INGURUAK [64] | 2018 | 1-23 1 ISSN: 0214-7912 Egungo euskarazko literaturaren soziologia kultural baterantz: ispiluak eta tresnak sistema literario eta marko ideologikoen artean Towards a cultural sociology of contemporary Basque literature: mirrors and tools, betwen system and ideological frames Manu Ahedo Santisteban · [email protected] KOPENHAGEKO UNIBERTSITATEA, SOZIOLOGIA SAILA, DANIMARKA Recibido: 26/12/2017 Aceptado: 16/01/2018 Laburpena Artikulu honek literaturaren soziologiaren teorizazioko aurre-estudio bat aurkezten du, ikertze-lanetan era- bil daitekeen proposamen teoriko eta analitikoa. Ferguson, Desan eta Griswold-ek (1988) proposatu zuten moduan, literaturaren soziologiak hiru dimentsio analizatzen ditu: testua (ispilua), sistema (demonioak) eta marko ideologikoak. English-ek (2010), literaturaren soziologiaren ikuspegi berrien artean, soziologia prag- matikoa nabarmendu zuen (Dromi eta Illouz, 2010). Berriki proposatutako kultur soziologia konparatu berri- tuan (Lamont eta Thévenot, 2000) kultur produkzioaren landa/sistema aztertu eta ebaluatzeko proposamen konstruktibista eta erreflexiboa garatu da (Beljean, et al, 2016). Kultur soziologia konparatu zabal honen ara- bera, gizarteek eta gizarteko aktoreek, beren errealitatea ulertzeko, beren gizarteetan eraikitako tresna ezber- dinak erabiltzen dituzte. Literatura da horietako tresna bat, batik-bat errealitatearen ezaugarri garrantzizkoei hel tzen dien literatura, eta gutxieneko estatusa eta publiko-irakurlegoa lortutako literatura-lanak. Beraz, li- teraturaren kultur soziologia bat analisia egiteko ispilua eta tresna metaforak erabiltzeaz gain, sistema lite- rarioa eta marko ideologiko nagusiak analizatzen dira. Analisia egungo euskarazko literaturari aplikatzeko, euskal errealitatearen kontzeptualizazio bat behar da. Euskal errealitate konplexuaren ezaugarri-erronka garrantzitsu bi identifikatu dira: tradizioa-herri eta berrikuntza-hiria munduen arteko zubigintza, eta ezber- dinen arteko aniztasuna. Idazle hautagarri askoren artean, garai ezberdinetako hiru idazle ezagun hautatu dira: G. Aresti, B. Atxaga eta K. Uribe. Geroko ikertze-lanetarako galdera eta gai zehatzagoak garatzeko, idazle hauen lanik esanguratsuenek identifikatutako bi ezaugarri-erronkak nola landu dituzten analizatu da. Hitz-gakoak: konstruktibismoa, kultura, kultura sistema, soziologia kultural konparatua. Abstract This article presents a theorizing pre-study of sociology of literature that can be used as theoretical and ana- lytical frame for research purposes. Ferguson, Desan and Griswold (1988) indicated the three main assets for a sociology of literature: text (mirror), system (demons) and ideological frames. A pragmatic sociology of liter- ature (Dromi and Illouz, 2010) was one of the new perspectives of sociology of literature identified by English (2010). In the recently proposed comparative cultural sociology (Lamont and Thévenot, 2000), a constructiv- ist and reflexive proposal is developed to analyze and evaluate the field of cultural production (Beljean, et al, 2016). Within this broad comparative cultural sociology, societies and social actors, to understand their own realities, are depicted as deploying different tools produced in their respective societies. Literature is one of these tools, especially, those literary works dealing with society’s relevant features and concerns, and those that have gained a minimum of status and public. Thus, for a cultural sociology approach to literature the in- tegration and deployment of the metaphors of mirror and tool is proposed, together with the concepts of liter- INGURUAK [64] | 2018 | 1-23 2 Egungo euskarazko literaturaren soziologia kultural baterantz | Manu Ahedo Santisteban ary system and ideological frames. To apply this analytical framework to contemporary literature in Basque, a conceptualization of Basque reality is needed. In the complex Basque reality two features-challenges are se- lected: integrative bridging between tradition-village and innovation-city, and pluralism among different. Among the broad population of selectable authors, three writers from different periods and with a consider- able status and readership have been selected: G. Aresti, B. Atxaga eta K. Uribe. In order to advance issues for further research, it is thus analyzed how the main literary works of these authors deal with the two identified significant features-challenges of the Basque reality. Key words: constructivism, culture, cultural system, comparative cultural sociology. 1. ATARIKOAK1 Egungo gizarte garaikideetan literatura kultur fenomeno inportante bihurtu da. Orohar, gutxieneko irakurlegoa duen literatura bat hizkuntza komunitate horretako gizartearen bere auto-definiziorako iturri eta erreferentzia garrantzizkoa da. Idazle eta lanen kanoni- zazio prozesuaren ondoren, literatura hezkuntza sistemako kurrikulumetan sartu ohi da. Literatura gizarte garatu baten kultur eta pentsatze-interpretazio sistemako elementua da gainerako elementuekin batera: beste kultur adierazpideak, hedabideak, informazioa eta ezagutza. Literaturaren soziologian oinarrizko ideia bat egon da (Ferguson, et al., 1988; Griswold, 1993): literatura eta gizartea isla edo ispilu gisako erlazioa dute. Batetik, literatura gizar- tearen produktua eta isla da. Bestetik, alderantzizko ideia: literatura errefraktatzen duen ispilua da; hots, errealitate sozialaren ezaugarriak islatzen dituen ispilua ere izan daiteke, ispilu horrek gizarteari erreflexioak itzultzen dizkio, eta hauek gizarteak erabiltzen ditu gogoetak, sentimenduak eta sinesmenak eraikitzeko. Beste hitzetan, errealitate kolektiboa definitzeko tresna gisa uler daiteke. Argudio hau pentsamendu pragmatikoan eta kons- truktibistan batik-bat izan da proposatua (Rorty, 1989; English, 2010), eta pragmatismoan eta konstruktibismoan inspiratutako kultur soziologia konparatuaren ikuspegian ere bai (Lamont eta Thévenet, 2000; ). Literatura ispilu-tresna gisa analizatzeko, gizarte modernoa eta garaikidea argi ulertu eta definituak behar dira izan. Ikuspegi teoriko hau euskarazko literaturari aplikatzeko honelako galderak egin daitezke: Zein funtzio du euskarazko literaturak euskal komunitateak bere errealitateaz gogoeta egiteko,
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