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Creación De Nuevos Productos Sostenibles Desarrollados Con UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE NUEVO LEÓN FACULTAD DE ARQUITECTURA DESARROLLO DE LA COMUNIDAD DE HUEYTAMALCO PUEBLA MÉXICO A TRAVÉS DEL BAMBÚ COMO MATERIAL INDUSTRIAL. PRESENTA: OSCAR DE LUNA BUGALLO COMO REQUISITO PARCIAL PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE MAESTRÍA EN CIENCIAS CON ORIENTACIÓN EN GESTIÓN E INNOVACIÓN DEL DISEÑO DICIEMBRE 2014 UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE NUEVO LEÓN FACULTAD DE ARQUITECTURA DESARROLLO DE LA COMUNIDAD DE HUEYTAMALCO PUEBLA MÉXICO A TRAVÉS DEL BAMBÚ COMO MATERIAL INDUSTRIAL. PRESENTA: OSCAR DE LUNA BUGALLO COMO REQUISITO PARCIAL PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE MAESTRÍA EN CIENCIAS CON ORIENTACIÓN EN GESTIÓN E INNOVACIÓN DEL DISEÑO TUTOR: DR. GERARDO VÁZQUEZ RODRÍGUEZ DICIEMBRE 2014 Índice Contenido Capituo 1 INTRODUCCION ......................................................................................................... 5 1.1 INTRODUCCIÓN ................................................................................................................ 5 1.2 Objetivos ............................................................................................................................... 7 1.2.1 General. ........................................................................................................................... 7 1.2.2 Específicos. ..................................................................................................................... 7 1.2.3 Hipótesis ......................................................................................................................... 7 CAPITULO 2 – MARCO TEORICO ........................................................................................... 11 2.1 Marco normativo de referencia ........................................................................................... 12 2.1.1 Acciones del gobierno poblano: la Cadena productiva del bambú .............................. 12 Marco legal y normativo de las políticas medioambientales y de sostenibilidad en México. 15 2.1.2 Desarrollo Rural ........................................................................................................... 19 2.2 Aprovechamiento del bambú como desarrollo sustentable México.................................... 22 2.5 Zona de Estudio ................................................................................................................... 26 2.5.1 Ubicación. ..................................................................................................................... 26 2.5.2 Clima. ........................................................................................................................... 27 2.5.3Flora y fauna. ................................................................................................................. 28 2.5.4 Población ...................................................................................................................... 28 2.5.5 Orografía ....................................................................................................................... 29 2.5.6 Hidrografía.................................................................................................................... 29 2.5.7 Contexto social y económico de Hueytamalco (Puebla). ............................................. 30 2.5.8 Puebla en el Sector Agrícola ........................................................................................ 32 2.5.9 Sierra Norte de Puebla y Totonacapan ......................................................................... 35 2.6 El bambú ............................................................................................................................. 36 2 2.6.1 Contexto histórico general. ........................................................................................... 36 2.6.1.1Contexto mundial del uso del bambú. ........................................................................ 37 2.6.1.2Características generales del bambú ........................................................................... 40 2.6.3 Contexto internacional .................................................................................................. 42 2.6.5 Cualidades del bambú ................................................................................................... 43 2.6.1.3 Clasificación de acuerdo con su morfología .............................................................. 47 5.6.6El Bambu en México. .................................................................................................... 64 2.6.2 Asociaciones de bambú en México .............................................................................. 70 2.6.6.3Contexto Nacional del bambú .................................................................................... 71 2.6.6.4Contexto Estatal .......................................................................................................... 77 2.6.6.4.2Acciones del gobierno de Pueba con el bambú ....................................................... 78 2.6.4 Usos potenciales de las especies de bambú leñoso ....................................................... 81 2.6.8 Bambú en México. ........................................................................................................ 86 2.7 Aprovechamiento del bambú .............................................................................................. 90 TRATAMIENTOS .............................................................................................................. 100 2.8 Mercado ......................................................................................................................... 101 2.7.2 Conceptos de arte, artesanía y artesano. ..................................................................... 105 2.3 Políticas de fomento al desarrollo rural en México........................................................... 108 3. METODOLOGIA ............................................................................................................... 113 3.2 Métodos ......................................................................................................................... 117 4. RESULTADOS ................................................................................................................... 120 5.CONCLUSIONES ............................................................................................................... 126 6. BIBLIOGRAFIA .................................................................................................................... 130 ENLACES ELECTRÓNICOS ................................................................................................ 135 ENLACES ELECTRÓNICOS DE NORMATIVAS VIGENTES ......................................... 137 Tabla de Gráficos ........................................................................................................................ 138 3 Tabla de imágenes....................................................................................................................... 139 7.ANEXOS .............................................................................................................................. 140 4 Capituo 1 INTRODUCCION 1.1 INTRODUCCIÓN La presente tesina es la continuación del trabajo de investigación iniciado en la Licenciatura sobre el uso del bambú en la región nor-oriental de Puebla, Mexico en la Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, con motivo de la obtención del titulo de la Maestría en Ciencia en Gestión e Innovación del Diseño. En este periodo se realizó un estudio tanto cuantitativo como cualitativo con el fin de obtener información específica de la zona y el objeto de estudio que fue el desarrollo de la propuesta metodológica de mejoras en el sistema productivo artesanal del bambú. La metodología de investigación realizada partió de la recopilación de datos tanto en internet, como artículos, libros sobre bambu, desarrollo social y rural, junto con un trabajo de campo con la visita a la región de Hueytamalco Puebla y realizando encuestas tanto a productores como habitantes de la zona. La tesis presentada se divide en 3 grandes apartados ; uno es la descripción del desarrollo social y rural de la comunidad de Hueytamalco ubicada en el Estado de Puebla México a través de los datos aportados por los informes de investigadores como Paul Prevost en 1996 o el desarrollo del bambu en mexico y latinoamerica estos relacionados con el uso del bambu en la región, como segunda parte se ha realizado una investigación sobre el material (bambú) en la región para evaluar los modos de uso y fabricación artesanal existentes y por último en la tercera parte se hará un análisis de existentes en el mercado actual, revisando sus características y su fiabilidad de producción comparando sus características y diseño en donde se englobe su versatilidad y la adaptación de las características principales del material. 5 Se pretende por tanto, evaluar el estado actual del uso y fabricación del bambú en la región de Hueytamalco, Puebla lo que existe hoy en día y lo que se está realizando con este material, que aporte un valor añadido a nuevas posibilidades de objetos de diseño creados en bambú el ayude al desarrollo local. También se planteará un modo o sistema de producción en la creación de objetos de diseño desarrollado en bambú que abarque a toda la comunidad de la región, con el propósito de ofrecer un proyecto integrador de la zona en donde participe la mayoría de la población en su beneficio, por medio de distribución y canalización
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