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Balboa Observer-Picayune, Television Without Pity, and the Audiovisual Translator

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Balboa Observer-Picayune, Television Without Pity, and the Audiovisual Translator Balboa Observer-Picayune, Television without Pity, and the Audiovisual Translator: Two Case Studies of Seeking Information among Online Fan Communities Aino Pellonperä University of Tampere Department of Modern Languages and Translation Studies Translation Studies (English) Pro gradu thesis April 2008 Tampereen yliopisto Käännöstiede (englanti) Kieli- ja käännöstieteiden laitos PELLONPERÄ, AINO: Balboa Observer-Picayune, Television without Pity and the Audiovisual Translator: Two Case Studies of Seeking Information among Online Fan Communities Pro gradu -tutkielma, 80 sivua + liitteet 6 sivua + suomenkielinen lyhennelmä 7 sivua Kevät 2008 Tutkielmassa käsiteltiin kahta yhdysvaltalaista televisiosarjaa ja miten näiden epäviralliset internetfaniyhteisöt keräävät sarjaan liittyvää tietoa, mikä saattaisi auttaa audiovisuaalisia kääntäjiä heidän työssään. Tapaustutkimuksina olivat kaksi televisiosarja-internetsivusto- paria: Sukuvika (Arrested Development) ja Balboa Observer-Picayune -kotisivu, ja Veronica Mars ja Television without Pity -keskusteluryhmä. Tutkielman lähtökohtana oli oletus, että internetsivustoilla televisiosarjoista kerätään ja keskustellaan mitä erinäisimpiä asioita, ja että audiovisuaaliset kääntäjät voivat hyötyä näistä aktiviteeteista. Oletusta pohjustettiin esittämällä tiedonhankintatapoja Savolaisen, Ellisin, Wilsonin, Marchioninin ja Choon malleista. Näin osoitettiin, että audiovisuaaliset kääntäjät hyötyvät “lupaavissa tietoympäristöissä”. Schäffnerin, Neubertin ja Beebyn et al. käännöspätevyyden malleista etsittiin tiedonhankintaa sivuavia pätevyyksiä. Virtuaalisten yhteisöjen tiedonhankinnan ja -jakamisen malleilla perusteltiin, että audiovisuaalisten kääntäjien “lupaavat tietoympäristöt”ovat internetfaniyhteisöt. Fanitutkimuksen kautta pohditaan lyhyesti faneja ja heidän toimintaansa. Taustakartoituksen lopetti teoriat television sarjallistuneesta ja intertekstuaalisesta luonteesta. Teoriakehyksen avulla luotiin kuva television, internetfanien ja audiovisuaalisten kääntäjien tiedontarpeiden nykytilanteesta. Ensimmäisenä tapaustutkimuksena oli Sukuvika ja sarjan fanien luoma Balboa Observer- Picayune -kotisivu. Tutkimuksen metodina oli sisällönanalyysi Sukuvian jaksosta “S. O. B.s”ja jaksoa käsittelevistä kotisivuosioista. Toisena tapaustutkimuksena oli Veronica Mars ja Television without Pity -keskusteluryhmä. Tämänkin tapauksen metodina oli sisällönanalyysi Veronica Marsin jaksosta “Ain't No Magic Mountain High Enough”ja jakson Television without Pityllä olevan keskustelulinjaston viesteistä. Sisällönanalyysissä käytettiin Askwithin intertekstuaalista teoriaa, jossa on neljä kategoriaa: intertekstuaalisuus (yleiset populaarikulttuuriviittaukset), horisontaalinen intratekstuaalisuus (sarjaan itseensä kohdistuvat viittaukset samassa mediassa), vertikaalinen intratekstuaalisuus (sarjaan itseensä kohdistuvat viittaukset eri mediassa) ja ekstratekstuaalisuus (fanit tulkitsevat sarjan fiktiivisiä tapahtumia ulkopuolisen tiedon kautta). Tapaustutkimukset paljastivat, että internetyhteisöt soveltuvat parhaiten horisontaalisen intratekstuaalisuuden kartoittamiseen. Faniyhteisöt keskittyvät suhteellisesti vähiten intertekstuaalisiin viittauksiin. Tutkielma esittää, että fanien internetyhteisöt ovat yhä tärkeämpiä lähteitä audiovisuaalisille kääntäjille, sillä alati kiristyvät kääntämisaikataulut nostavat fanien aktiviteettien hyödyllisyyttä. Avainsanat: televisio-ohjelmat, tiedonhankinta, keskusteluryhmät, kotisivut, ihailijat, audiovisuaalinen kääntäminen Table of Contents 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................ 1 2.Theoretical framework ............................................................................................... 3 2.1 Information seeking models ............................................................................. 3 2.2 Translation competence ................................................................................... 9 2.3 Virtual communities ........................................................................................ 11 2.4 Fan Studies ....................................................................................................... 13 2.5 Television as a serialised and intertextual medium .......................................... 14 3. Case study: Arrested Development ........................................................................... 22 3.1 About Arrested Development .......................................................................... 22 3.2 About Balboa Observer-Picayune: An Arrested Development Fan Site ......... 23 3.3 Method of case study ....................................................................................... 24 3.4 Case study analysis .......................................................................................... 25 3.4.1 Episode guide page at Balboa Observer-Picayune ........................... 25 3.4.2 Episode transcript at Balboa Observer-Picayune ............................. 31 3.4.3 'Bluthcyclopedia' entries at Balboa Observer-Picayune ................... 43 3.5 Discussion of results ......................................................................................... 45 4. Case study: Veronica Mars ........................................................................................ 49 4.1 About Veronica Mars ...................................................................................... 49 4.2 About Television without Pity .......................................................................... 50 4.3 Method of case study ....................................................................................... 51 4.4 Case study analysis ........................................................................................... 52 4.4.1 Intertextual references ....................................................................... 52 4.4.2 Horizontal intratextual references ..................................................... 57 4.4.3 Vertical intratextual references ......................................................... 65 4.4.4 Extratextual references ...................................................................... 65 4.5 Discussion of results ......................................................................................... 67 5. Final remarks .............................................................................................................. 73 Research material ............................................................................................................. 75 Works cited ...................................................................................................................... 75 Suggested reading ............................................................................................................ 80 Appendix 1: Example list ................................................................................................ 81 Appendix 2: Screen capture images from Balboa Observer-Picayune ............................ 84 Appendix 3: Screen capture images from Television without Pity .................................. 86 Suomenkielinen lyhennelmä ............................................................................................ 87 Tables Table 1 Textual nature and number of references in “S. O. B.s”.................................... 46 Table 2 Textual nature and number of references in “Ain't No Magic Mountain High Enough”.......................................................................................................................... 67 1. INTRODUCTION This Master’s thesis will argue that online television series home pages and discussion forums maintained and frequented by fanatics can assist the audiovisual translator in information seeking which occurs during the course of translating an episode. The television series industry of the United States is currently going through a transformation in its revenue system (Askwith 2007: 11), one of the effects of which has been that television series have become more aware, and acknowledging, of the Internet fans. Moreover, the fans are passionate about the series of their fandom and strive collectively to know as much as possible about the show. As a result, the fans constitute a potential fountain of knowledge for the audiovisual translator. However, at Finnish universities where audiovisual translation modules are offered to the students, there is no discussion of this fact: at best, a home page dedicated to the British series Emmerdale is mentioned (Abdallah 2007, Helin 2007, Holopainen 2007, Jänis 2007). The University of Helsinki teaches several courses on audiovisual translation, yet there too the online fan communities remain unexplored. Nor has research in audiovisual translation made any mention of the potential significance television series fans can possess for the series themselves as well as for the audiovisual translator. A search at Translation Studies Abstracts in October 2007 revealed no pertinent results on the topic. In addition, issues of Meta (vol. 49, issue 1, 2004) and The Translator (vol. 9, issue 2, 2003) which focused on audiovisual translation made no specific reference to television series fans or to online communities. Díaz Cintas (2003: 201) offers a comprehensive review of the state of audiovisual translation and research as well as training in the field. However, only once does he mention the Internet in his article, noting it is something
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