195'0 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 7473 PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS By Mr. SCRIVNER: setts, to reject certain recommendations af­ H. Con. Res. 213. Concurrent resolution to fecting veterans contained in the report of Under clause 3 of rule XXII, public create a joint congressional committee to in­ the Hoover Commission; to the Committee on bills and resolutions were introduced and vestigate Federal grant-in-aid programs; to Veterans' Affairs. severally referred as follows: the Committee on Rules. 2159. By Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts: By Mr. FLOOD: By Mr. HAYS of Ohio: Memorial of the General Court of Massachu­ H. R. 8586. A bill to authorize, for a tempo­ H. Con. Res. 214. Concurrent resolution ex­ setts, to reject certain recommendations af­ rary period, the purchase by the Government pressing the sense of the Congress that the fecting veterans contained in the report of of anthracite in amounts sufficient to main­ President should rescind foreign-trade agree­ the Hoover Commission; to the Committee tain normal production and employment in ments with Communist-controlled coun­ on Veterans' Affairs. the anthracite region, to promote the gen­ tries; .to the Committee on Ways and Means. eral national welfare, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Public Lands. By Mr. FORAND: MEMORIALS SENATE H. R. 8587. A bill to amend section 2, Under clause 3 of rule XXII, memo­ Public Law 649, Seventy-ninth Congress, rials were presented and referred, as approved August 7, 1946, providing for the TuESDAY, MAY 23, 1950 disposition of vessels, trophies, relics,. and follows: material of historical interest by the Secre­ By the SPEAKER: Memorial of the Legis­ United States to reject certain recom­ ·The Senate· met ~t 12 o'clock meridia~ By Mr. FORD: mendations affecting veterans contained in on the expiration of the recess. H. R. 8588. A bill to suspend certain import the report of the Hoover Commission; to the Rev. Samuel Forsyth, officer of British taxes on copper; to the Committee on Ways Committee on Veterans' Affairs. Empire, Minister of Adelaide Central and Means. Methodist Church, Adelaide, Australia, By Mr. MITCHELL: . offered the following prayer: H. R. 8589. A bill to make capital and PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS credit more readily available for financing Under clause 1 ·of rule XXII, private Almighty God, in whose hands are the small business, foster competition, and coor­ bills and resolutions were introduced and destinies of nations, we pray that Thou dinate Federal aids to small business, and wilt bless this Senate. Direct and pros­ thus to promote, foster, and develop the do­ severally referred, as 'follows: mestic and foreign commerce of the United By Mr. CUNNINGHAM: per its deliberations. Lead it in the way states, and for other purposes; to the Com­ H. R. 8598. A bill for the relief of Mrs. of honor, justice, and righteousness. mittee on Banking and Currency. Chisako Shimizu Sheldahl and Ryoichi Thou hast permitted us to increase By Mr. MURRAY of Wisconsin: Shimizu Sheldahl; to the Committee on the in. power and riches, and hast endowed H. R. 8590. A bill . to amend the act of Judiciary. . us with gifts of knowledge and skill' and March 4, 1923, to provide for determinations By Mr. FARRINGTON: assigned to us a leading place among and reports relating to the manu_facture of H. R. 8599. A bill for the relief of Capt. Roy the mighty nations of the world. May filled milk in the United States, and for William Montrose Graham, United States we be mindful of the trust which Thou other purposes; to the Committee on Agri­ Navy; to the Committee on Armed Services. culture. By Mr. KILBU;RN·: hast laid upon us and ever be found By Mr. SULLIVAN: H. R. 8600. A bill for the relief of Yuriko faithful to Thy cause. H. R. 8591. A bill to provide for the con­ Aoyama; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Raise up in all lands noble and upright struction of the Jefferson National Expansion By Mr. LANHAM: men to be leaders and counselors of the Memorial at the site of old St. Louis, Mo., in H. R. 8601. A bill for the relief of U. S. people, and may rulers and judges and general accordance with the plan approved Homes, Inc.; to the Committee on the all who bear rule and.responsibility ex­ by the United States Territorial Expansion Judiciary. ercise their powers as ministers of Thy Memorial Commission, and for other · pur­ By Mr. McKINNON: justice and mercy. Deliver us from evil poses; to the Committee on House Adminis­ H. R. 8602. A bill for the relief of Charles tration. L. Pauter; to the Committee on the Judiciary. ambitions and selfish rivalries and false By Mr. P.OWELL: . By Mr. SCRIVNER: judgments. · H. R. 8592. A bill to provide for the rescis­ H. R. 8603. A bill for the relief of James We thank Thee for the spiritual rela­ sion of the order of the Postmaster General Nels Ekberg; to the Committee on the tionships that bind the peoples of the curtailing certain postal services; to the Judiciary. free world together in good will and Committee on Post Office and Civil Service. By Mr. SHAFER: helpfulness. By Mr. WILLIAMS: H. R. 8604. A bill to provide for the con­ We thank Thee for what Thou hast H. R. 8593. A bill to grant credit under the veyance of the Percy Jones General Hospital enabled us to accomplish for others. Civil Service Retirement Act of May 29, 1930, Gull Lake Annex, Gull Lake, Mich., to the as amended, for annual leave accumulated W. K. Kellogg Foundation, Battle Creek, Deliver us, we pray Thee, from the sin in excess of 60 days; to the Committee on Mich.; to the Committee on Armed Services. of self-righteousness and keep us hum­ Post Office and Civil service. By Mr. WILSON of Texas: ble, truthful, and spiritually minded. By Mr. BROOKS: . H. R. 8605. A bill conferring jurisdiction Help us to serve our day and generation H. R. 8594. ./',.. bill to provide for the acquisi­ upon the United States District Court for in the spirit of Him who said: "Inas­ tion, construction, expansion, rehabilitation, the Northern District of Texas to hear, de­ much as ye did it unto one of the least conversion, and joint utilizati~n of facilities termine, and render judgment on certain of these ye did it unto me." Amen. necessary for the administration and train­ claims of Charlie Joe Starnes; to the Com­ ing of units of the Reserve components of mittee on the Judiciary. THE JOURNAL the armed forces of the United States, and for other purposes; to the Committee on· On request of Mr. GEORGE, and by Armed Services. PETITIONS, ETC. unanimous consent, the reading of the By Mr. LEMKE: Journal of the proceedings of Monday, Under clause 1 of rule XXIl, ·petitions May 22, 1950, was 'dispensed with. H. R. 8595. A bill to authorize the issuance and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk of trust patents in lieu of land-use exchange MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT assignments issued on the Standing Rock and referred as follows: Sioux Reservation, located in .South Dakota 2156. By Mr. HAGEN: Resolutions adopted A message in writing from the Presi­ and North Dakota, prior to January l, 1950; by the Independent ~etail Lumber Dealers dent of the United States submitting to the Committee on Public Lands. Association at Minneapolis, Minn., relative to nominations was communicated to the H. R. 8596. A bill to waive in certain cases sundry Government programs and legisla­ Senate by Mr. Miller, one of his secre­ the priority of payment of debts owing to the tion presently pending before the Congress taries. United States in the administration of a of the United States; to the Committee on deceased debtor's estate; to the Committee Ways and Means. MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE on the Judiciary. 2157. By Mr. LANE: Memorial of the Gen­ A message from the House of Repre­ By Mr. SPENCE: erai Court of Massachusetts, to reject certain sentatives, by Mr. Chaffee, one of its H. R. 8597. A bill to permit national banks recommendations affecting veterans ·con­ to give security in the form required by tained in the report of the Hoover Commis­ clerks, announced that the House had State law for deposits of funds by local pub­ sion; to the Committee on Veterans' Affairs. passed a bill Maryland [Mr. TYDINGS] are absent on to the Committee on Appropriations and rable pay increases granted by admin- public business. . . ordered to be printed. . istrative action pursuant to law; and (3) The Senator from New Mexico [Mr. DISPOSITION OF EXECUTIVE PAPERS any pay ·increases granted by wage CHAVEZ], the Senator from South Caro­ A letter from the Archivist of the United boards: Provided further." lina [Mr. JOHNSTON], and the Senator States, transmitting, pursuant to law, a list Mr. MCKELLAR. Mr. President, I from Oklahoma [Mr. THOMAS] are ab­ of papers and documents o'n the files of sev­ wish to say to the Senate that this meas­ sent by leave of the Senate. · eral departments and agencies of the Gov­ ure is of considerable importance to ernment which are not needed in the con­ a The Senator from California [Mr. duct of business and have no permanent great many Government employees. DOWNEY] and the Senator from North value or historical interest, and requesting Enactment of the measure is absolutely Carolina [Mr. GRAHAM] are absent be­ action looking to their disposition (with necessary. The Congress has provided cause of illness. accompanying papers); to a · Joint Select by law for increases in pay and also has The Senator from Delaware [Mr. Committee on the Disposition of Papers in provided by iaw for increases in pensions. FREAR] is absent by leave of the Senate the Executive Departments. Of course it is necessary to pay for those on official business. The VICE PRESIDENT appointed Mr. increases. I · am sure that the Senator The Senator from Rhode Island [Mr; JOHNSTON of South Carolina and Mr. · from·New Hampshire will agree with me GREEN] is absent by leave of the Senate LANGER members of the committee on the when I say that the members of the on official business as a member of a sub­ part of the Senate. committee have put every possible safe­ committee of the Committee on Foreign guard around this appropriation and in Relations investigating the security pro­ TEMPORARY APPROPRIATIONS FOR THE that connection have protected the Gov­ gram of the Department of State and its FISCAL YEAR 1950 ernment in every conceivable way, and foreign establishments. · Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. President, on at the same time we are providing for The Senator from South Carolina [Mr. yesterday I reported· favorably from the · two principal things, namely, the in­ MAYBANK] is absent by leave of the Sen· Committee on Appropriations House creases in the pay of .the soldiers and the ate because of a death in his family. Joint Resolution 476, making temporary increases in the pay of the Government The Senator from Mont;:ina [Mr. MUR· appropriations for 1950, and I now ask employees, both increases having been RAY] is absent because of a death in his unanimous consent for its immediate directed by Congress. family. consideration. It will take only 3 or 4 The VICE PRESIDENT. The question Mr. SALTONSTALL. I announce that minutes. The necessity for immediate is on agreeing to the committee amend­ the Senator from South Dakota [Mr. action is that the Congress has raised ment. GURNEY], the Senator from Iowa [Mr. the pay of Government . employees and The amendment was agreed to. HICKENLOOPER], the Senator from Ore~ .. wage earners several times. Mr. BRIDGES. Mr. President, I gon [Mr. MoRSE], the Senator from In order to have money to meet these simply wish to Say a few words regarding Michigan [~r. VANDENBERG], and the increased wage· and pay items, the· H;ouse the amendment and ~he joint resolution, 1950 _· CONGRESSIONAL nECORD-SENATE .7475 ~ when the Senator from Tennessee· has CONTINGENT EXPENSES OF THE SENATE, It is my understanding that Secretary concluded his remarks. FISCAL YEAR 1950 Acheson would like to make a full report Mr. McKELLAR. I yield for that pur­ Mr. MCKELLAR. Mr. President, I to Members of Congress upon his discus­ pose to the Senator from New Hamp­ ask unanimous consent for the imme- . sions with the foreign ministers of the shire. diate consideration of Senate Resolution Atlantic Pact countries, which discus­ Mr. BRIDGES. Mr. President, this 284. sions produced many constructive re­ measure, which the Senator from Ten-· The VICE PRESIDENT. The resolu- sults. In · London, Secretary Acheson nessee, as chairman of the Appropria­ tion will be read. . expressed his approval of the bold pro­ tions Committee reported yesterday, is· The resolution ENT;-- The ·Sen- - them together in -a ·common ·administra­ was el'der:ed to be--pr-inteMilwaukee Commissioner of Patents and rigbt out and by whom was this thought evolved? Patent Law Association. of the hands of the Secretary of Com­ Look at all the administrative branches · Point No. 3, which I think was very merce. This court may review the case which have been taken over, and also definitely made, is that the reorganiza­ on the basis of the record.: Further, Mr. the executive branches. That is where tion plan will not bring about any effi­ President, a civil action may be brought the President or his underlings should ciency in the Patent Office, under the against the Commissioner in the United attemot to reorganize. That is where Secretary of Commerce. It will not States District Court for the District of _ the :President should expect to bring bring about any saving. It was testified Columbia. Does not this give adequate about efficiency. to by all the witnesses, on direct exam­ protection against alleged political in­ I said yesterday in arguing this mattei: ination and cross-examination, that it fluence? Certainly the Secretary of that next year at this tirne we shall see would confuse the situation. What is Commerce will have no influence over how much efficiency is brougnt about. more, Mr. President, unless the Secre­ that court. Furthermore, because the This is nothing but a large over-all po­ tary of Commerce were to do what he Secretary of Commerce operates in the liticai propos.ition of reorganization. ~ said he would do, transfer back the op­ open, under the kleig lights which shine said, too, that there are Members of the eration of the Patent Office to the Com­ upon the Pr ~s i dent's Cabinet officers, Senate who, if they were President of missioner of Patents, it would create such there is every reason to hope that this the United States, would say to the heads a situation that only after a great deal operation, like so many others, will be of the executive departments, "Get an of.litigation could we know what the law more carefully scrutinized than those of efficiency expert to look over this agency: is and what the rights of applicants hidden-operators who do most of their Tell me how many typewriters you have would be on appeal. work in relative obscurity. for each typist. ·Tell me how many hours The main point about which I am talk­ Thus, Mr. President, I venture the hope your employees work. Tell me how em~ ing was testified to by men who know, that the Senate will now reject the reso­ ciently they do their work, and how many for instance, former Senator Burton, who lution of disapproval of Reorganization ~mployees you can get along without." occupied in the Senate the chair to which Plan No. 5, and also the resolutions dis­ Mr. President, that is the way to re­ I am now pointing, and who is now ~ approving Reorgapization Plans Nos. 17 organize an agency. That is the way it Justice of the Supreme Court of the and 18. I venture to ·hope the votes yes­ would be done in a man's business. But United States. Commenting on the situu . terday, upholding Reorg::i,nization Plans that is not the way it is done in the Gov- ation in the Nation, with regard to those .7478 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MAY 23 who want to destroy the Patent Office The VICE PRESIDENT. Does the There being no· objection, Mr. O'CoN-· and its operations-- Senator claim that the· Senator from OR'S statement was ordered to be printed Mr. KILGORE. Mr. President, will the Wisconsin has violated the rule? in the RECORD, as follows: Senator yield? . Mr. KILGORE. When he said that STATEMENT IN SUPPORT OF REORGANIZATION Mr. WILEY. I yield. the Senators who would vote for the plan PLAN No. 5 OF 1950, IN OPPOSITION TO SEN­ Mr. KILGORE. Is it not a fact that would so because they were ordered to do ATE RESOLUTION 259, IN THE UNITED STATES the Civil Aeronautics Authority, com­ so. If that ls not a violation of the rule SENATE, MAY 23, 1950 monly called the CAA, passes on and of the Senate, I do not know what is a Mr. President, I ·propose to speak very grants licenses to operate airline$? If violation. briefly in opposition to the resolution of dis­ so, is not that a judicial function, similar The VICE PRESIDENT. The Chair approval on plan No. 5, which deals with reorganizations in the Department of Com­ to that which is involved in passing on has no authority to pass on that question. merce. In presenting my remarks I shall and granting patents? Both are under Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President, try not to duplicate the admirable statement the Secretary of Commerce. I move that the Senator from Wisconsin in support of plan No. 5 which was made by Mr. WILEY. Mr. President; I am sorry be allowed to proceed in order. the senior Senator from West Virginia short­ if I have to tell my distinguished friend The VICE PRESIDENT. The question ly before we adjourned last evening. My re­ from West Virginia that, in my humble is on the motion of the Senator from marks will present the high lights of five ma­ opinion, if the fact is as he says it ~s. and Massachusetts. jor arguments in support of plan No. 5. · 1. My first point, Mr. President, deals with I assume it is true, it does not m the The motion was agreed to. the broad and very significant objective un­ slightest impede or interfere with the Mr. WILEY. Mr. President, I do not derlying the first 13 of the reorganization validity of the argument I am making like those tactics. I repeat, and I know plans which have been submitted to the that there are those in this country who what I am talking about, for I have Congress; 6 of them dealing with Cabinet want to destroy the patent system. I been in the Senate approximately 11 departments and 7 with regulatory bodies. cited as my authority a justice of the years-I do not know what happens when All too frequently in this debate the general Supreme court. I furthermore cite as the opposition gets together and are told doctrine underlying all of these plans has authority a great American, Lawrence C. what to do, but they do not have to been obscured by details of minor signifi· Kingsland, who definitely and c?ncretely cance. follow it. The Hoover Commission gave primary sup­ laid down what would happen if such a Mr. KILGORE. Mr. . President, I port to the need for the general reorganiza­ reorganization were to take place. If make the point of order that the Senator tion plan to bring about businesslike ar­ there should be a Henry Wallace at the is out of order. rangements in the operations of the Govern­ head of the Department of Commerce or The VICE PRESIDENT. The Sena­ ment. Boiled down to simple terms the ob­ someone of his political faith-- tor from Wisconsin will please proceed jective of that general plan is to give each Mr. BENTON. Mr. President, will the in order. department or agency head full authority, Senator yield for a question? Mr. WILEY. Does the Chair rule that and not to scatter that authority among many subordinates. I submit that this sim­ Mr. WILEY. Yes. the Senator from Wisconsin is out of ple rule is the soundest of doctrines for the Mr. BENTON. Should it not be order? smallest on up through the largest of opera­ brought out by the Senator that no mat­ The VICE PRESIDENT. The Chair tions. ter who is Secretary of Commerce, is not authorized to pass on that ques­ Mr. President, this general reorganization whether it be Henry Wallace or anyone tion. idea is first proposed and developed in broad else, from any adverse decision of the Mr. WILEY. I remember the contro­ perspective in the four differ·ent recommen­ Board of Appeals an appeal may be taken versy which occurred a few days ago, dations that dominate Hoover Commission to the United States Court of Customs report No. 1 on general management. It is and I think the distinguished Senator then developed specifically in subsequent and Tax Appeals, which may revi.ew the from West Virginia is not proceeding as Hoover Commission reports taking up the case on its merits and, further, civil ac­ he should with a fell ow Senator. Such major departments one by one. tion may be brought against the Com­ tactics are not appreciated. either by The point I want to emphasize is that plan missioner of Patents in the United States occupants of the gallery or Senators on No. 5 is a part of this comprehensive whole. District Court for. the District of Colum­ the floor. It· cannot be disapproved without affecting bia, which court may consider the case Mr. President, I conclude with this adversely other aspects of the general re­ de novo? In other words; should it not thought, that Senators who vote to sus­ organization plan of which it is a part. 2. My second point, Mr. President, con­ be brought ' out that patent attorneys tain the President will vote to disinte­ cerns the fact that during the hearings on can still appeal cases directly over the grate the patent system-- plan No. 5, both the proponents and oppo­ head of the Secretary of Commerce and Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President-­ nents agreed on its general merit, but the take them right through to the courts? Mr. WILEY. I have the floor, have I iatter insisted that the ·Patent Office should Mr. WILEY. The Senator knows that not? be exempted from its scope. that is only a half-truth. Once a patent Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, a On this score I shall content myself with is issued, no appeal can be taken. It point of order. reading the sound objections of the Budge~ Director to the effect that making this ex­ is only when a patent is rejected that an The VICE PRESIDENT. The Sena­ ception would likely lead to many more ex­ appeal can be taken. If I were entitled tor will state it. · c~ptions. The Budget Director stated that, to a patent and the Senator from Con­ Mr. HUMPHREY. I understand a exempting the Patent Office as indicated­ necticut received it, he would have the point of order was made by the Senator "would have opened up a number of other patent. Why fiddle around with matters from West Virginia. While I do not questions with respect .to agencies and func­ such as that, when we know what it all concur in this rather strange rule, urr­ tions equally deserving of consideration, and means? We know what would happen if fortunately it has been applied with con­ the total effect thereof would have tended there were a Communist running the De­ siderable force-- to so clutter up the reorganization program with exemptions as to seriously detract from partment of Commerce, or a man who Mr. WILEY. Mr. President, a point its sound basis and fundamental merit. The· thinks the American system is all rotten, of order. general rule with relation to exemptions was and who would adopt some of the isms The VICE PRESIDENT. The Sena­ only to do so in connection with hearing arid philosophies from abroad. That is tor will state it. examiners and with independent government what Justice Burton was talking about. Mr. WILEY. Can a Senator take me corporations· and similar agencies." 1 He wrote it in a decision. off the :floor by simply starting an argu­ I agree with the Budget Director that this I say to Senators who have made up eminently sound rule should not be violated ment when I have a few minutes remain­ by the. exemption which opponents of plan their minds because they have been toid ing? No. 5 would make with reference to the Pat­ to do so, nnd are going to vote-- The VICE PRESIDENT. The Sena­ ent Office. Mr. KILGORE. Mr. President, a tor does not have any time remaining. 3. Mr. President, last evening the senior point of order. Mr. O'CONOR. Mr. President, I ask Senator from Wisconsin emphasized and re­ The VICE PRESIDENT. The Sena­ unanimous consent to have printed at emphasized the fear that plan No. 5 would tor will state it. endanger the long and successful operation this point in the RECORD a statement of the Patent Office. At different points he Mr. KILGORE. I make the point of prepared by me for delivery on this sub­ referred to a fear that various "isms" might order that the Senator from Wisconsin ject, which I cannot deliver because of come in to control the Commerce Depart­ iii out of order. the limitation of time. ment, that another "Mr. Wallace" might be ( 1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 7479 in control, and that this might well become payroll preparation for all bureaus of the The Senator from California [Mr. an "entering wedge" for worse provisions. Department in a few centers in the country. DOWNEY] and the Senator from North Mr. Presiden.t, during the hearings of our We might wish to use the authority also for Carolina [Mr. GRAHAM] are absent be­ committee, the present Secretary of Com­ consolidation of such functions as procure­ mr.1rne faced that issue frankly and squarely. ment and warehousing. The obvious objec­ cause of illness. Since his comments cover the points so tive of such measures would be increased The Senator from Delaware [Mr. tersely and fully, I shall quote a paragraph economy and better administrative service. FREAR] is absent by leave of the Senate from his testimony. "These examples just stated may serve to on official business. "At the same time that I endorse Reor­ 1llustrate why I feel strongly that there are The Senator from Rhode Island [Mr. ganization Plan No. 5, I am fully cognizant positive practical benefits to be gained from GREEN] is absent by leave of the Senate that fears may be engendered by such a effectuating Reorganization Plan No. 5. Over on official business as a member of a plan. If the language is considered very and above these concrete possibilities of im­ subcommittee of the Committee on For­ literally, without recognition of the ever­ provement, I feel that the approval of organ­ present restraining factors in the operation ization plans such as No. 5 will provide firm eign Relations investigating the security of a large Federal agency, it might appear evidence that the entire Government takes program of tpe Department of State and to some persons that any future Secretary seriously and believes wholeheartedly in the its foreign establishments. would be entirely free to shift delegations of need for clear-cut legal responsibilities on The Senator from South Carolina [Mr. authorities among bureaus and officials with­ the part of Cabinet officials. From this I MAYBANK] is absent by leave of the Sen­ out restraint. As history will support, there anticipate certain intangible but, neverthe­ ate because of a death in his family. are a number of factors which act as checks less, very real advantages in terms of greater The Senator from Tennessee (Mr. and balances against arbitrary organizational internal cohesion within the departments." changes. Primary among these is the fact KEFAUVER] and the Senator from Utah Mr. President, I believe that these five [Mr. THOMAS] are detained on official that a large share of existing procedures and points and other points which I have not policies are set forth in laws. Congressional had time to cover give overwhelming sup­ business. committees, including especially appropria­ port to plan No. 5, authorizing reorganiza­ The Senator from Montana (Mr. MUR­ tions committees, are in a position to assert tions in the Commerce Department. By the RAY] is absent because of a death in his strong influence against unwise organiza­ . same token, they should dictate adverse votes family . tional modifications, if necessary by formal on Senate Resolution 259, which is under The Senator from Maryland [Mr. investigations. The President, or the Direc­ consideration at this time. tor of the Bureau 'of the Budget acting for TYDINGS] is paired on this vote with the him, is in a position to be informed rather Mr. WILEY. Mr. President, I suggest Senator from South Carolina [Mr. MAY­ intimately concerning current and prospec­ the absence· of a quorum. BANK]. If present and voting, the Sen­ tive developments in the various agencies, ator from Maryland would vote "yea''. and might well dissuade a Cabinet official The VICE PRESIDENT. The Secre­ and the Senator from South Carolina from short-sighted or otherwise unsound or­ tary will call the roll. would vote "nay''. ganizational changes. In the light of the The roll was called, and the following If present and voting, the Senator from cumulative impact of these actual and po­ Senators answered to their names: New Mexico (Mr. ANDERSON], the Sena­ tential pressures it is not realistic to antici­ Aiken Hendrickson Magnuson tor from Rhode Island [Mr. GREEN], the pate dangerous actions in terms of arbitrary Benton Hill Malone organizational shifts." Bricker Hoey . Martin Senator from Tennessee [Mr. KEFAUVER]. 4. My fourth point, Mr. President, deals Bridges Holland Millikin the Senator from Pennsylvania [Mr. with the argument by the proponents of the Butler Humphrey Mundt MYERS], and the Senator from Utah [Mr. plan that judicial and other aspects of the Byrd Hunt Neely Cain Ives O'Conor THOMAS] would vote "nay". work of the Patent OfDce Justify special Capehart Jenner O'Mahoney Mr. SALTONSTALL. I announce that treatment. Chapman Johnson, Colo. Robertson the Senator from South Dakota (Mr. Here again, Mr. President, I quote from the Connally Johnson, Tex. Russell GURNEY], the Senator from Michigan forthright testimony of Secretary Sawyer, of Cordon Kem Saltonstall the Department of Commerce, who points Darby Kilgore Schoeppel [Mr. VANDENBERG], and the Senator from out that the Administrative Procedures Act­ Donnell Knowland Smith, Maine North Dakota (Mr. YoUNG], are absent Which reflected so great an effort by the legal Douglas Langer Smith, N. J. by leave of the Senate. Dworshak Leahy Sparkman profession to surround judicial and semi­ Eastland· Lehman Stennis The Senator from Iowa [Mr. HICKEN­ judicfal Government activities with special Ecton Long Taft LOOPERl who is absent by leave of the statutory protections-specifically exempted Ellender Lucas Taylor Senate is pair~d with the Senator from the Patent Office from the requirement of Ferguson Mccarran Thye Oregon [Mr. MORSE] who is also absent hearing examiners. The exemption was Flanders McCarthy Watkins made-and note· this carefully: Fulbright McClellan Wherry by leave of the Senate. If present and "At the recommendation of the Senate and George McFarland Wiley voting the Senator from Iowa would vote Gillette McKellar Williams "yea" and the Senator from Oregon House Committees on the Judiciary, which Hayden McMahon Withers stated that whatever judgment the agency would vote "nay". makes is effective only in a prima facie sense The VICE PRESIDENT. A quorum is The Senator from Massachusetts [Mr. at most, and the party aggrieved is entitled present. The question is on the adop­ LoDGEJ is absent by leave of the Senate to complete judicial retrial and decision. tion or rejection of Senate Resolution on official committee business. . (See s. Rept. No. 752 and S. Doc. No. 1980, 259, disapproving Reorganization Plan The Senator from New' Hamp~hire 79th Cong.) " No. 5. Furthermore, Mr. President, it must not [Mr. TOBEY J is absent on official busi­ be overlooked that the Department of Com­ Mr. WILEY. I ask for. the yeas and ness. If present and voting the Senator merce has ·_equally demanding activities nays. from New Hampshire would vote "nay''. which require the utmost sk111 and careful The yeas and nays were ordered. The Senator from Maine [Mr. BREW­ professional conduct. To cite but one ex­ The VICE PRESIDENT. Those who STER] is detained on official business. ample, Mr. President, I shall refer to the favor the resolution of disapproval will The yeas and nays resulted-yeas 29, work of the Civil Aeronautics Administra­ vote "yea" as their names are called. nays 43, as follows: tion. That Administration must exercise semljudicial responsibilities in certifying air­ Those who oppose it will vote "nay." YEAS-29 The Secretary will call the roll. men, aircraft, and air carriers on questions Bricker Fulbright Millikin involving terrific problems of life and death, The legislative clerk called the roll: Bridges George Mundt not to mention huge damage to property. Mr. LUCAS. I announce that the Butler Hendrickson Russell 5. Fifth and last among these comments, Cain Ives Saltonstall Senator from New Mexico [Mr. ANDER­ Schoeppel Mr. President, I want to deny categorically SON], the Senator from Oklahoma [Mr. Capehart Jenner the comment made last evening by the senior Cordon Kem Smith, N. J. KERR], the Senator from Florida [Mr. Donnell McCarran Taft Senator from Wisconsin that the record is PEPPER], the Senator from Pennsylvania Ecton McKellar Wherry "absolutely silent" as to any economy to be Ferguson Malone· Wiley expected from plan No. 5. In support of [Mr. MYERS], and the Senator from Flanders Martin Maryland [Mr. TYDINGS] are absent on that denial, listen to these quotes from the NAYs-43 testimony of our present Secretary of Com­ public business. merce at our recent hearings: The Senator from New Mexico [Mr. Aiken Dworshak Holland "Consideration ls also being given to the Benton Eastland Humphrey possible desirability of using the authorities CHAVEZ], the Senator from South Caro­ Byrd Ellender Hunt lina [Mr. JOHNSTON], and the Senator Chapman Gillette Johnson, Colo. in this plan to effect certain administrative Connally Hayden Johnson, Tex. consolidations, particularly in the field. .We from Oklahoma [Mr. THOMAS] are absent Darby Hill Kilgore may, for example, want to consolidate all by leave of the Senate. Douglas Hoey Know land · 1480 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. Langer McMahon Stennis These two temporary funations which Leahy Magnuson Taylor is evidently a new Government word. I Lehman Neely Thye are to be transferred are, first, the dis­ continue to read- Long O'Conor Watkins posal of the community facilities, such of that sense of isolation !'ind insecurity Lucas O'Mahoney Williams as lights, waterworks, sewers, and so McCarthy Robertson Withers which the lack of identification with the cen­ McClellan Smith, Maine forth, which were constructed as part tral mission of GSA has already produced. McFarland Sparkman of the war program, and the other func­ Since there will be little opportunity to find other employment in GSA at the conclusion NOT VOTING-24 tion to be transferred from General Serv­ ices to the Housing and Home Finance of the program , the .staff of the Community Anderson Hickenlooper Myers Agency is the Community Facilities Ad­ Facilities Service will have little choice but Brewster Johnston, S. C. Pepper to continue to seek and accept other more Chavez Kefauver Thomas, Okla. ministration which has to deal with the permanent assignments in or out of Downey Kerr Thomas, Utah advance planning of public works in the Government. Thus, one of the major Frear Lodge Tobey communities, other than housing. Graham Maybank Tydings objectives of the transfer~the termination Green Morse Vandenberg Last October the Congress extended, of the chronic uncertainty which has Gurney Murray Young or renewed, rather, the life of this. com­ haunted CFS staff-will fail of realization if munity planning and the advance pro­ the present organizational arrangements are The PRESIDING OFFICER. On this preserved. question the yeas are 29, the nays 43. graming for a period of 2 years. That work, as now authorized, expires on the It must also be expected that as long as the The resolution has not received the 49 Community Facilities Service continues to votes necessary for adoption, and there­ 13th of Octoper of next year. Therefore exist as a part of GSA it will be driven to fore fails. it has a little more than a year to run. agitate for new public works or engineering As to the dispornl of the community assignments as a means of self-preservation. MEETING OF COMMITTEE DURING SEN­ facilities which were constructed as part One of the gains to be derived from the liqui­ ATE SESSION of the war program, out of some 1,100 dation of CFS will be the transfer of the per­ On request of Mr. LEHMAN, and by or 1,200 of these community facilities sonnel who have been working so hard to get unanimous consent, a subcommittee of which were constructed, more than 900 new construction programs for FWA and GSA of them have already been disposed of. to agencies where they can apply their skills the Committee on Labor and Public Wel­ in behalf of a continuing and tangible major fare was authorized to meet this after­ I will say that so far as I can learn there purpose. Failure to transfer advance plan­ noon, beginning at 1: 30 p. m., during the has been no criticism whatever with re­ ning functions will assure the continued ex­ session of the Senate. spect to the handling of either of these istence of a focal point of agitation for the programs in the General Services Ad­ centralization of public-works activiUes. REORGANIZATION PLAN NO. 17 OF 1950 ministration. Certainly the disposal of The PRESIDING OFFICER. The the surplus facilities in these various Mr. CAIN. Mr. President, will the next matter before the Senate is Senate communities has been carried forward Senator yield for a question? · Resolution 271, which the clerk will read. very efficiently along with the disposal of Mr. AIKEN. I yield for a short one. The Chief Clerk read the resolution other surplus property which we found Mr. CAIN. Will the Senator from (S. Res. 271) as follows: on our hands as a result of the war. Vermont please spell the word, the mean- · Resolved, That the Senate does not favor In my opinion the community facili- · ing of which he appeared to be uncertain­ the Reorganization Plan No. 17 of 1950 trans­ ties program for the advance planning about, in order that I may look it up· in mitted to Congress by the President on has also been w~ll handled. There are Webster's Dictionary? . March 13, 1950. 388 employees in this work, and they Mr. AIKEN. The word is spelled: The PRESIDIHG OFFICER. On this have also been associated in other work "e-x-a-c-e-r-b-a-t-i-o-n." resolution 1 hour of debate is allowed, in the General Services Administration Mr. CAIN. "E-x-a-- one-half the time to be controlled by ' as well as that pertaining to the facilities Mr. AIKEN. "c-e-r-b-a-t-i-o-n.'' the Senator from Vermont [Mr. AIKEN], o:a:' the community planning. This excerpt from the memorandum of the other half to be controlled by the The question is this: If this work has the Bureau of the Budget shows clearly Senator from Maryland [Mr. O'CoNOR]. been done so well under the General that the purpose of the reorganization Mr. AIKEN. Mr. President, I yield Services Administration, why do we now plan is to put the 388 e;mployees of the myself such time as I may require, which receive a reorganization plan to transfer Community Facilities Service under an­ will not be very long. it from the agency where it has been so other branch of the Government, where The President has now submitted 25 well handled to another agency where, they will be assured of continuance of · reorganization plans to this session of unquestionably, it might be well handled their employment by the· Government. also? Why is the transfer proposed at I do not think that that reasoning alone the Congress. The Senate has killed 5 the present time? I do not question the is adequate for .approving such a plan as · of them to date, and it looks as if 17 or ability of the employees of the Com­ this. Neither did the Director of the 18 at least out of the 25 will be approved munity Facilities Administration. I General Services Administration, be­ and become part of the general reform think they are undoubtedly capable per­ of the executive branch of our Govern- cause when he evidently was advised that ment. · sons. But why transfer these two pro­ such a reorganization plan was contem­ grams at a time when they are both due plated, he wrote a very vigorous letter of As to the plans which have been dis­ to expire within the not-distant future? protest to the Hon. Frank Pace, Jr., approved by the Senate, I do not believe The answer to that question, Mr. Presi­ Dir€c ·~ or of the Bureau of the Budget, the responsibility for the disapproval dent, will be found in a memora~dum of under date of March 7, 1950. I read can all be laid upon the S ~mate, nor can t:t e Bureau of the Budget under date of briefly from Mr. Larson's letter, which it all be laid upon the executive branch February 9, 1950, and rather than un­ expressed his opinion as to the desir­ of the Government. The responsibility, d~ r take to explain the reason for this ability of transferring these two tem­ in my opinion, may well be divided. transfer of the two temporary programs porary programs from the General Serv­ However, it never was intended that from General Services Administration to ices Administration to the Housing and the Congress should feel bound to ap­ the Housing and Home Finance Agency, Home Finance Agency. I read from Mr. prove any and every reorganization plan I wish to read a couple of paragraphs Larson's letter: which the President might see fit to send from the memorandum of the Bureau of The transfers of the five functions under to the Congress for approval. Nor is it the Budget dated February 9, 1950, as discussion- follows: , to be expected that the President can There were three functions in other submit an unlimited number of reorgani­ It should also be pointed out that the reorganization plans which were of lesser zation plans without' making a mistake advance planning program is at present a temporary activity. Public Law 352 provides importance; only two in this plan. I and having some of them wrong, and continue to read: sending up some which very probably that on October 13, 1951, the authority to approve applications for advances will ex­ The transfers of the five functions under should be disapproved. pire. The retention of the activity in GSA discussion not only will effect no economies The plan under consideration now, means that should the program not be re­ to the Government but, on the other hand, Mr. President, provides for the transfer newed, the staff of the Community Facili­ are very likely to produce added expense and of two temporary programs of Govern­ ties Service will have no place to go. The to result in lack of coordination in govern­ ment from the General Services Admin­ result will be an exacerbation- mental administration of the activities. The Community Facilities Service is a small istration to the Housing and Home ! should like to know what the word organization in point of personnel, having Finance Agency. means, but it is in the memorandum. It as of February 1, 1950, only 383 employees. 1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 7481 but it is a compact, well-integrated and nel will be·needed. In fact, the Director The definitfon as stated in that dic­ thoroughly trained element of the General of the General Services Administration tionary is simply the following: Services Administration, and the only organ­ ization in the Federal structure of which I stated that if the 10 lawyers now con­ Exacerbation: The act of exacerbating or know that is fully qualified to administer nected with Community Facilities Serv­ the st.ate of being exacerbated. programs 'fl r tlie plannfng, construction, and ice were transferred to the Housing and Home Finance Agency, ·although he [Laughter.] financing of all types of State and local pub:. Mr. AIKEN. I am sure that is under­ lie works. Assignments of wor~ under these would not have to hire 10 more lawYers, five programs are distributed throughout yet he would have to retain within his standable to the persons who used the the present personnel of the Community own organization 10 attorneys whom word. Facilities Service and of this administration, otherwise he would be able to let go. So Mr. CAIN. The definition goes on to for the most part wi1;hout exclusive alloca­ say: tion of employees to particular programs. the result would be the hiring of 10 addi­ Since many of our employees who work on tional lawyers, at an estimated cost of Increased se_verity, as in the symptoms of the five programs are also engaged in other $150,000 a year. a disease. activities of this administration- Mr. President, I do not question the A natural question comes into the I might interpolate that the em-· right of the President to send us this re­ mind of the junior Senator from Wash­ ployees of the Community Facilities organization plan. I do not question his ington with reference to this word. Service also handle the disaster pro-· right to transfer these two temporary Would the Senator from Vermont give grams under which surplus and unused functions from one agency, where they us his opinion as to the use of the word Government equipment and material is have been successfully· administered, to in the memorandum from which he has made available to disaster areas, I re .. the Housing and Home Finance Agency, been reading? turn to the letter- if he can obtain congressional approval Mr. AIKEN. I shall read that part of to do so. it again: transf er of such employees would impair the effective operation of the other programs, However, · I ·say that when the entire The retention of the activity in GSA and would require additional personnel to objective of the Hoover Commission means that should the program not be re­ be obtained by this administration. On the recommendations is to promote efficiency newed~ · other hand, retention of the employees in and economy in Government, we should That is, next year- their present positions would mean that the not begin by approving a plan which will qepartment or agency to which the functions the Staff of the Community Facilities Service contravene that objective even before will have no place to go. The result will be were transferred would have to hire new em­ the reorganization is brought about. ployees and train them for performance of an exacerbation of that sense of isola'tion the transferred functions. It seems mani­ That is what we have in this plan, which and insecurity which the lack of identifi­ fest that the adoption of either alternative simply will provide permanent jobs for cation with the central mission of GSA ha.a would lead to increase in over-all expense to 388 persons, though it may be that their already produced. the Government. jobs will be permanent ·anyWay. Mr. President, I did not know that a. In addition to the economies to be pre­ Mr. President, I have always supported desire to perpetuate one's job was a dis­ served and effected by the retention of the advance planning, and I presume I shall ease. I thought it was a very inherent Alaska, Virgin Islands~ . water-pollution con• qp s0 again. However, last October the human quality. However, it appears trol, advance planning, and war public Congress decided that this work should works functions in this administration, from the note that these employees have there ls the further and more important be placed in the General Services Ad­ been out in the field drumming up trade point that the transfers woul:d detract from ministration. Four or five months later in order to make their jobs necessary. efficiency in governmental operations. the President sends us a plan trans­ Mr. CAIN. If those employees are not ferring it to another agency. Of course, retained on a permanent basis by some There we have the opinion of the man he has a perfect right to do that, but we who has been responsible for the work Federal agency or other-in this case, shall have to determine some time next the Housing and Home Finance that it would cost more, require more year whether the Community Facilities Agency-those employee.s, individually help, and detract from efficiency of Gov­ Service is to be continued or is not to and collectively, run a very serious risk ernment operation. be continued. Mr. President, I read the last para­ of being exacerbated; do they not? Let Congress consider whether it [Laughter.] graph of M~. Larson's letter to the Di­ wants to continue the program and let Mr. AIKEN. That is correct. rector of the Bureau of the Budget: Congress decide under which agency of The proposals made by the reorganizatlon Mr. CAIN. I thank the Senator. the Government it wants the work Mr. AIKEN. I understand that prac­ plans of 1950 for scattering of .five integrat­ Pl?-ced. It may be that a year from now ed functions of the General Services Admin. Congress will say, "We will put it under tically all of them are competent, ca­ lstration among three separate departments pable employees who are worrying about and agencies are, as this Administration the Housing and Home Finance Agency." what they are going to do when the tem­ views them, not only in direct conflict with However, . after due consideration Con­ porary program in which they are en­ recent statutory mandates, above noted, but gress already has said, "We will put it would represent a step backward in the con­ under General Services Administration gaged has expired, and for that reason stant march to improve the administration because it applies to all community facili~ it has been thought best to transfer them and operations of the· Government. A con­ ties exclusive of housing.'' Housing is to a larger permanent agency of the tinua~ion of the present pattern of the Gen­ completely excluded from this work. Government, where they may find per­ eral Services Administration will, we are So, Mr. President, I think we shall lose manent employment and where their confident, provide the Federal Government services may be used. However, I main-­ with the most efficient administration at the nothing and perhaps shall gain a great least cost of the functions heretofore as­ deal by postponing, at least, approval of tain that is not in accord with the recom­ signed to that Administration. this reorganization plan until Congress mendations of the Commission to study decides, next year, what it wishes to do the reorganization of the executive So, Mr. President, I have tried to give with the programs affected. branch of the Government. the Senate the reasons for submitting Mr. CAIN. But if we asked those this reorganization plan, the reasons Mr. CAIN. Mr. President, will the which were very pointedly set forth by Senator yield? splendid workers what was principally the Director of the General Services Ad­ The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. HoEY worrying them these days, does the Sen­ ministration, showing why these tempo­ . in the chair). Does the Senator from ator from Vermont think they would re­ rary programs of the Government should Vermont yield to the Senator from join by saying, "We are worried about not be transferred. Washington? losing our jobs" or does the Senator think I wish to conclude by saying that if Mr. AIKEN. I yield. they would reply, "We are worried about we approve this plan, there will be no _ Mr. CAIN. With the permission of the the fact that we may be exacerbated in more efficiency in the Government. I do senior Senator from Vermont I should· the years inlmediately ahead.'' [Laugh­ not say there will be less, but there will like to clear the record by m~rely stat­ ter.] be no more. ing what Funk & Wagnall's Standard Mr. AIKEN. Of course there are 36 There will be no more direct line of Dictionary has to say about the word Senators ·whose terms expire this fall, authority from the Community Facili.. "exacerbation"-a word with which, by and perhaps they may feel about the ties Service to the President than there the way, perhaps some of us in the Sen­ same way the 3.88 employees of the Com­ is at the present time, but more person- . ate had not previously been familiar. munity Facilities Service feel. I suppose .7482 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MAY 23 that everyone is job conscious and wants Plan 17. It would be difficult to conceive that letter, I wonder whether he will tell to continue his job. of a reorganization plan which would be me the date of it? However, it is not the obligation of more in accord with the specific intent Mr. O'CONOR. The letter is dated the Government to guarantee jobs to and purposes of the Congress declared in May 22. . temporary employees, or even to perma­ the Reorganization Act of 1949. Mr. SPARKMAN. That was yester­ nent employees. The Government should · The plan would consolidate similar day. The letter tells us that the com­ hire employees only when they are functions into one agency, eliminate mittee has made a very careful analysis needed and should hire them for such overlapping and duplication of effort, of plan No. 17, that in its opinion it ac­ periods of time as they may be needed. promote efficiency and economy, and im­ cords completely with the recommenda­ Mr. CAIN. Does the Senator from prove Federal-State relationships. It tions of the Hoover Commission, and · Vermont think that the average Ameri­ would transfer two relatively small pro­ that, without any reservation whatever, can who might receive a letter on the grams from the General' Services Admin­ they endorse plan No. 17 and call upon general subject of changing jobs or of istration, which otherwise performs en­ th~ Senate to def eat the resolution, trading jobs, would know that any jobs tirely unrelated function.s, to the Housing which, by the way, was reported to the were involved when the word "exacer­ Agency which performs similar 0r iden­ Senate without recommendation b-y the bating" was used? tical functions. · committee of which my esteemed friend Mr. AIKEN. I would not have, until This plan has been carefully studied is a member. In other words, even the the Senator from Washington read the and developed by the Bureau of the committee is not recommending that this definition. I thought it might have been Budget which testified that the transfer plan be rejected. a misspelling; but evidently it was not. could be made without· disrupting or de­ Mr. AIKEN. Mr. President, will the Mr. O'CONOR. Mr. President- laying any existing operations, because Senator yield? The PRESIDING OFFICER. The the office in GSA administering the pro­ The PRESIDING OFFICER: Does Senator from Maryland is recognized. grams-the Community Facilities Serv­ the Senator from Alabama yield to the Mr. O'CONOR. At the outset I desire ice-could be tr an sf erred almost intact. Senator from Vermont? merely to read a letter, in order to clarify The Bureau also explained that the Mr. SPARKMAN. I yield. one point in connection with this matter. transfer would result in financial savings Mr. AIKEN. I should like to call the Then I shall yield to the Senator from to the Government. Senator's attention to what I understand Alabama. By the way, Mr. President, my good to be a fact; namely, that the citizens' I .read now a letter from the Citizens friend, the distinguished Senator from committee did not specifically endorse Committee for the Hoover report. The Vermont, had something to say about plan No. 17, but collectively endorsed letter is signed by Dr. Robert L. John­ savings. I understand that, since the 20 of the reorganization plans, of which son. Inasmuch as some question has plan was originally submitted to the Sen­ No. 17 happened to be one. arisen in regard to whether or not the ate, there have been discussions among Mr. SPARKMAN. That was true, as citizens' committee is favorable to the Geen on :the formation of a service The other function which would be posed because it would mean cutting organization, and as this organization has transferred by Reorganization Plan down personnel in Government employ­ begun to grow and take place, it has become No. 17 is the management and dis­ ment. As a matter of fact, that is one obvious that these functions which were posal of certain war public works. Dur­ formerly Federal Works functions do not fit of the puropses of reorganization. into the slot as readily as the related func­ ing the war the Government found it Mr. CAIN. That is one of the great tions to which I have referred. necessary to provide community facilities purposes, as I have understood. such as water, sewage, and sanitary serv­ Mr. SPARKMAN. If that is the full He goes on to explain ·~hat they would ices, where those already in existence be­ meaning of the memorandum-I believe be better handled by being transferred came overtaxed as a result of population the Senator from Vermont only quoted to the· Housing and Home Finance increases due to wat activities. Where a part of the memorandum-I think it Agency where, as the Senator from Ala­ the Federal Government was the sole was a very unfortunate memorandum. bama [Mr. SPARKMAN] pointed out, un­ sponsor of the facilities, it became the I invite the Senator's attention to the doubtedly economies can be effected. sole owner and the program involved is fact that it was written in February or In testifying for the plan, Mr. Larson simply the disposal of remaining facili­ March. I do not have the exact date. pointed out that the continuing growth ties and the management of those which I state on my own responsibility that and development of the General Services are still on hand. They are in every - I know there have been conferences Administration has convinced him that case adjuncts to community living and within the past few days between the the types of programs administered by are tperefore intimately related to all three agencies c.oncerned, the General the Community Facilities Service simply programs of the Housing and Home Fi­ Services Administration, the Bureau of do not fit in with the overriding purpose nance Agency. Naturally, this is a the Budget, and the Housing and Home of the General Services Administration. purely temporary function but its dura­ Finance Agency, and I know-at least, The essential fact here is that the Com­ tion is governed entirely by the inde­ I have received the information from munity Facilities Service came to the terminable iength of time which will be what I consider to be a very good General Services Administration intact required for final disposition. Further­ source-that it was the general opinion from the Federal Works Agency, which, more, the management and disposition that considerable savings could be ef­ of course, was one of the predecessor of those facilities are a part of the re­ fected through this reorganization plan. constituents of the General Services Ad­ sponsibility of the same group of person­ I might have ·been able to submit a ministration and which was abolished 'by nel comprising the Community Facilities memorandum today stating that, except the Federal Property and Administrative Service, and who would be transferred to for the fact that naturally neither one Services. Act of 1949 which created the the Housing and Home Finance Agency of the agencies wanted to make a defi­ General Services Administration. The with the advance planning function. nite commitment as to a specific percent­ personnel of the Community Facilities Mr. President, I should like to refer to age that could be saved, but I can say Service is being affected by several of one further fact. The opposition has al­ on my own responsibility that I think this current group of reorganization leged that it is obvious that Reorganiza­ we are justified in expecting a saving plans and will be transferred together tion Plan No. 17 is designed solely for of possibly 20 and perhaps a higher per­ with their programs to other Federal the benefit of the personnel of the Com­ centage. agencies more closely identified with the munity Facilities Service. They have Mr. CAIN. The savings which the work involved. been pictured as a group of temporary Senator thinks may come from the Mr. President, failure of the Congress employees whose principal occupation is adoption of the plan will result in part to permit Reorganization Plan No. 17 to agitation for bigger and better programs from a decrease rather than from an become effective would have the incon­ which they might a,cquire and which increase or the continuance of the same gruous result of retaining in the General would serve to prolong their tenure in working force as is so strongly urged in Services Administration a very small the Federal service. the recommend a tion. group of highly experienced persons who That is a point to which the Senator Mr. · SPARKMAN. I certainly think will actually work in isolation enforced from Alabama has given attention, and that would be true, probably not tomor­ by the complete .unrelatedness of their I think he has done so very convincingly. row, but gradually. activities to any other segment of the This is most certainly not true. As the Mr. CAIN. I thank the Senator from General Services Administration. Commissioner of the Community F~cil­ Alabama. Another fact pointed out by the Sen­ ities Service himself said, the staff is Mr. O'CONOR. Mr. President, in as­ ~tor from Alabama [Mr. SPARKMAN], comprised of a group of career employees sociating myself with the Senator from which I think deserves further emphasis, in the classified civil service who have Alabama [Mr. SPARKMAN], I desire to is that these programs. by their very for many years been engaged in the di­ refer in a minute to certain testimony nature, will not end in the near future. versified construction programs former- 1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE .7485_ Jy handled by the Federal works Agency Mr. DWORSHAK. Mr. President, ·tents and purposes of the Hoover Com­ and now conducted by the same. group within the past few minutes' debate pro­ mission recommendations. When I say located within the General Services Ad­ ponents of the pending plan, particu­ that I am speaking as a member of the ministration. While some of the pro­ larly the Senator from Alabama, have re­ Commission itself, and therefore feel grams which they may have adminis­ ferred to the fact that the Citizens' Com­ that, along with the Senator from Ar­ tered may be classified as temporary, mittee has approved the plan and .is ap­ kansas [Mr. McCLELLAN], as the two certainly the staff itself is as definitely pealing for its approval by the Congress. members representing the Senate on the in the category of permanent personnel I have in my hand a report dated Hoover Commission, we probably have a as any group in the Federal service can March 15, 1950, released by the Senate pretty fair idea of what the purposes of possibly be. It is my view that the alle­ Committee on Expenditures in the the recommendations made by the Com- _ gations which have been made with re­ Executive Departments, which gives de­ mission are. spect to this staff are not well founded. tails, insofar as the committee is con­ Mr . . President, I suggest the absence In this case I believe we have•an instance cerned, regarding the various reorgani­ of a quorum. of a group of high-class professional em­ zation plans. On page 6 of the report I The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ployees seeking. earnestly for a means of note that Reorganization Plan No. 17 is clerk will call the roll. making a worth while and continuing listed as having no conformance with the The legislative clerk called the roll, contribution to Federal programs within Hoover Commission recommendations. and the following Senators answered to their fields and if such can be better ac­ In fact, plan No. 17 is the only one of the their names: complished in an agency other than that 21 which can be placed in the category of Aiken Hill Malone in which they are now situated, I feel specifically having no recommendations Benton Hoey Martin that nothing should be allowed to im­ from the Citizens' Committee, and there- _ Brewster Holland Millikin Bricker Humphrey Mundt pede the transfer. fore not being in accord with the recom­ Bridges Hunt Myers In conclusion, I wish only to say that mendations of the Hoover Commission. Butler Ives Neely Reorganization Plan No. 17 is directly Mr. SPARKMAN. Mr. President, will Byrd Jenner O'Conor in conformance with the major prin­ the Senator yield? Cain Johnson, Colo. O'Mahoney Capehart Kefauver Robertson ciples of- better administration as ex­ Mr. DWORSHAK. I yield. Chapman Kem Russell pressed by the Hoover Commission and Mr. SPARKMAN. I wish to correct the Cordon Kilgore Saltonstall as recognized by those who )lave given Senator in one statement. The two com­ Darby Knowland Schoeppel Donnell Langer Smith, Maine study to the matter. I urge the Mem­ mittees are entirely different. One is Douglas Leahy Smith, N. J. bers of this body to join me in voting the Senate Committee on Expenditures Dworshak Lehman Sparkman to defeat Senate Resolution 271 and to 1n the Executive Departments, the other Ecton Long ·Stennis Ellender Lucas Taft permit this plan to become effective at is the Citizens' Committee, composed of Ferguson McCarran Taylor midnight tonight. _ members · scattered over the country. Flanders McCarthy Thomas, Utah Mr. CAIN. Mr. President, will the . The Senator from Maryland read into Fulbright McClellan Thye the RECORD a letter signed by the chair­ George McFarland Watkin• Senator. yield for a question? Gillette McKellar Wherry Mr. O'CONOR. I yield. man of the Citizens' Committee endors­ Hayden McMahon Wiley Mr. CAIN. I should like to address a ing the plan 100 percent, and saying it Hendrickson Magnuson .Williams question to the Se~tor from Maryland, does conform. The PRESIDING OFFICER. A particularly in his capacity as a leader Mr. DWORSHAK. I thank the Sena­ quorum is present. among those who are offering and ad­ tor for that comment. I am aware of vancing the several reorganization plans that fact, but I merely wish to ask, what The ·question before the Senate is on right does the Citizens' Committee have agreeing to Senate Resolution 271 dis­ on the floor of the Senate. .If the Sena­ approving Reorganization Plan No. 17. tor from Maryland was .on the floor, as to appeal to this body to support Reor­ I thiq.k he was, when the Senator from ganization Plan No. 17, when that plan· Mr. LANGER and other Senators aske.d Vermont read the memorandum which does not conform with any recommenda­ for the yeas and nays. came from the office of the Bureau of the tions made by the Hoover Commission? The yeas and nays were ordered, and Budget, I should very much appreciate My point is that we have heard much the legislative clerk called the roll. having the Senator from Maryland ex­ during the debate of the past few days Mr. MYERS. I announce that the press his views on it and say whether about what the Hoover Commission has Senator from New Mexico [Mr. ANDER­ or not in his view continuing employees recommended. Any Senator who stud­ SON], the Senator from Oklahoma [Mr. or increasing the number of employees ied the reports released by the committee KERR], the Senator from Florida [Mr. should ever be justification of adopting of the Senate which studied the recom-· PEPPER], and the Senator from Maryland a reorganization plan. mendations would come to the conclu­ [Mr. TYDINGS] are absent on public busi­ Mr. O'CONon. I am very pleased to sion that there has been much misrep­ ness. answer the Senator from Washington. resentation made during the debate. I The Senator from New Mexico [Mr. I believe the statement to which he re­ do not ch~rge that it has been deliberate, CHAVEZ], the Senator from South Caro­ fers was taken out of context and does but at least it has been confusing to lina [Mr. JOHNSTON], and the Senator not represent accurately the views of some Senators who desire to follow and from Oklahoma [Mr. THOMAS] are ab­ those who prepared the memorandum. accept the recommendations of the sent by leave of the Senate. However, more important than that is Hoover Commission, and yet find that The Senators from Texas [Mr. CON­ the fact that, while any contemplated the President has submitted many reor­ NALLY and Mr. JOHNSON], the Senator transfer may very well have disturbed ganization plans which were not based from Mississippi [Mr. EAsTLAND], and the or be disturbing to personnel, I do not upon those recommendations, or, in some Senator from Kentucky [Mr. WITHERS] believe that is the determining factor. cases, on only a few of the recommenda­ are detained on official business. I agree entirely with the views ·ex­ tions, while there has been deliberate dis­ The Senator from California [Mr. pressed by the Senator from Washington regard of the Hoover recommendations DOWNEY], and the Senator from North in a previous question, that we should by most of the plans which have been Carolina [Mr. GRAHAM] are absent be-. aim toward reduction in forces where referred to the Congress by the President. cause of illness. such reduction is possible, and that the Mr. AIKEN. Mr. President, it has The Senator from Delaware [Mr. individual whims and the individual feel­ been very interesting at times to listen to FREAR] is absent by leave of the Senate ings of the employees should not be. the the various interpretations which have on official business. determining factors. I entirely agree been put upon the recommendations and The Senator from Rhode Island [Mr. with the Senator. the findings of the Hoover Commission GREEN] is absent by leave of the Senate The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time by employees of the executive branch of on official business as a member of a sub­ of the Senator from Maryland has ex­ the Government and also by a great committee of the Committee on Foreign pired. . many citizens in the States, most of them Relations investigating the security pro­ Mr. AIKEN. I yield 2 minutes to the extremely well intentioned. But I have gram of the Department of State and Senator from Idaho [Mr. DwonsHAK]. to say that some of the interpretations its foreign establishments. The PRESIDrNG OFFICER. The Sen­ which have been put upon the recom­ The Senator from South Carolina [Mr. ator from Idaho is recognized for 2 mendations have been very much at va.. MAYBANK] is absent by leave of the Sen­ minutes. riance with what I believe to be the in.. ate because of a death in his family. XC:VI--472 1486 CONGRESSIONAL . RECORD-SENATE MAY 23 The Senator from Montana [Mr. MuR­ mitted to Congress by the President on March they are transferred can take care of the JtAYJ is absent because of a death in his 13, 1950. longevity pay due the employees who will family. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Under be transferred. If present and voting, the Senator the agreement, there is to be 1 hour for · So, Mr. President, because I feel that from New Mexico [Mr. ANDERSON], the debate, with the time to be equally Reorganization Plan No. 18 provides so Senator from Rhode Island [Mr. GREEN], divided between the proponents and the many benefits which are mos'; desirable, the Senator from Texas [Mr. JOHNSON], opponents and to be controlled by the I believe that even though there are em­ the Senator from South Carolina [Mr. Senator from Maryland [Mr. O'CoNoRJ ployees who will be discriminated against, MAYBANK], and the Senator from Mary­ and the Senator from Vermont [Mr. the plan shoult.l go into effect. land [Mr. TYDINGS] would vote "nay." AIKEN], respectively. Mr. O'CONOR. :Mr. President, will the Mr. SALTONSTALL. I announce that Mr. O'CONOR. I yield to the Senator Senator yield for a question? the Senator from South Dalrnta. [Mr. from Minnesota. Mr. THYE. I shall be 'very happy to GURNEY], the Senator from Michigan M r. THYE. l\1r. President, as a mem­ do so. • [Mr. VANDENBERG], and the Senator from ber of the Committee on Post Office and Mr. O'CONOR. Knowing that the Sen­ North Dakota [Mr. YOUNG], are absent Civil Service, and also as a cosponsor of ator from Minnesota has devoted very by leave of the Senate. · Senate Resolution 270, I wish to say that much time in the interest of these Gov­ The Senator from Iowa [Mr. HICKEN­ I joined as a cosponsor for the purpose ernment employees, let me ask him a t.ooPER] who is absent by leave of the of having hearings at which we could question for information. As a result of Senate is paired with the Senator from develop the facts concerning Reorgan­ the interest of the Senator from Minne­ Oregon [Mr. MORSE] who is also absent ization Plan No·. 18. The hearings were sota and others, since this plan was sub­ by leave of the Senate. If present and held, and much testimony was taken, mitted the Civil Service Commission has voting the Senator from Iowa would vote and much consideration and thought promulgated several orders which in "yea" and the Senator from Oregon were given to the entire question of reor­ large measure take care of very many of would vote "nay." ganization under plan No. 18. the objections to which the Senator has The Senator from Massachusetts [Mr. After having obtained all the facts. referred. Is that not correct? LODGE] is absent by leave of the Senate Mr. ':HYE. That is quite true. How­ even though I am a cosponsor of Senate ever, they do not take car·e of the longev­ on official committee business. Resolution 270, I consider that there is The Senator from New Hampshire more to be gained by means of the adop­ ity pay, aning functions. The major uty Postmaster General testified that the 7488 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MAY 23 Post Office Department's approval of the plan This plan excluded the leasim; func- Government, I urge the rejection of the · is based on the fact that the Department will tions now vestc:d in the Post Office De- resolution, which. woultem is concerned cchonapnam.aYn . Kefauver Schoeppel tenance, operation, and custody of ·office ,., 11 K'eni · Smith, Maine buildings.L Since this· authority. is al- a reducti<:m will .. be made- becauss these eordon K ~lgore Smith, N. J. nonp3stal expenses are now charged n a.rnbnyell Knowland Sparkman ._ ready conferred on the General Services · t t l 0 0 Langer Stem;i.is : Administration for performing sueh , aga1ns pos a revenues. n:mg:as Lehman . Taft .- .functions in the District. ·of Columbia, . This -plan conforms-with the reeom- Dworshak . Long . Taylor . -mendatio..ns· of ·the.- H-oover Gommission; . ~ Eastland - Lucas . Thomas,1 Utah this plan is primarily designed to· trans­ · it is in accord with the spirit ·anct inteut - EE_Icl~eonnder · M~Carr.a:n · - · Thye_ · . fer and consolidate such functioll3 ¥cCarthy Tydings all - of the Federal Property and Administra- .Ferguson McC!ellan . Watkins . . ·to -the -Administ'rator for -the fieid · serv­ tive Services Act· of 1-S49,-and will make . Flanders · MeFarland Wherry· - ice, except as specifically exeml)ted in 1 ·. the plan. · · · · · · · possible substantial . reductions .in the · ~~~~~;ht ~~~~A~~ ~g~fums · Within· ·the District of Columbia · a ~ rental of property for Government use . Gillette Ma·gnuson Withers . and facilitate-rthe allocation of space to · ~yden . Malone single agency, namely, the Public Build­ . Government agencies; Hendrickson Martin ings Service of the General Services·Ad­ miriistration,' has 'long had· the operaticm . , Before concluding, Mr: President, may · . The PRESIDENT Ph). tempore. ·A and custody of most Government build­ I say that unified control over leasing, · quorum is present. ings and the leasing and. assignment of maintenance, and allocation of· general Mr. O'CONOR. Mr. President, in view space for executive agencies. Thus, . purpose space will make possible im- of the fact that apparently no other nearly all requests for building space are provements which should save money in ' Members of the Senate wish to speak on handled by a single organization which a number of ways, which are enumerated the pending legislation I ask unanimous is responsible for seeing that agencies · as follows: · consent that the Senate now proceed to are properly and efficiently housed. First. By permitting the leasing of en- vote on it. Outside of the National Capital, how­ tire buildings and large blocks of space The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is ever, responsibility for the acquisition instead of numerous· small units. there objection? The Chair hears none, and control of building space and the Second. By eliminating competition and it is so ordered. operation of Government buildings is among Federal agencies for leased space, The question is on agreeing to Senate widely diffused among the agencies lo­ which tends to drive up rental rates. At Resolution 270. cated in each city . present as many as 20 or 30 different Mr. HUMPHREY. I ask for the yeas As a general rule, each agency leases, agencies are leasing space in some of the and nays. operates, and controls general purpose .larger cities. The yeas and nays were ordered, and space which it uses in the field. It has Third. By concentrating leasing in the the legislative clerk called the roll. been frequently found that if facilities hands of specialists who know the local Mr. MYERS. I announce that the are not available in Federal buildings, · real-estate market and are experienced Senator from New Mexico [Mr. ANDER- the agency will go on the open market in negotiating leases. soNJ, the Senator from Oklahoma [Mr. and lease property from the local bro­ Fourth. By permitting the establish- KERR], and the Senator from Florida kers or owners. Experience has shown · ment of definite standards of space utili- [Mr. PEPPER] are absent on public bus- that in some large cities numerous Fed- zation and requiring agencies to justify iness. . eral procurement officers were negotiat­ their space requirements before persons The Senator from New Mexico [Mr. ing for office space at the same time who are qualified to judge the reason- thereby forcing the market up, and at the ableness of the requests~ CHAVEZ], the Senator from South Caro- same time competing against each other. Fifth. By preventing agencies from en- lina [Mr. JOHNSTON], and the Senator The Post Office Department operates tering into leases at·high costs when suit- from Oklahoma [Mr. THOMAS] are ab­ and allocates space in post-office build­ able space is, or is about to become, avail- sent by leave of the Senate. ings, several hundred of which contain able in Government-owned buildings or The Senator from California [Mr. substantial amounts of office space avail­ . in lower-cost leased buildings. DOWNEY], and the Senator from North able for other agencies. During and im­ Sixth. By permitting the use of 5-year Carolina [Mr. GRAHAM] are absent be­ mediately after the war several other leases instead of annual leases where the cause of illness. Federal agencies acquired office buildings condition of the rental market warrants. The. Senator from Delaware [Mr. in the field. As their activities dimin­ Better terms can usually be obtained on FREAR] is absent by leave of the Senate ished, surplus space in many of these · long-term leases. :But, whereas it might on official business. structures became available for other not be wise for the average agency to The Senator from Rhode Island [Mr. use. Since there was no central clear­ bind itself for more than 1 year because GREEN] is absent by leave of the Senate inghouse available in the field to equi­ : of uncertainties as to its future needs, on official business as a member of a tably allocate the space, excessive space a central leasing agency can safely enter subcommittee of the Committee on For­ was occupied by some agencies or it re­ into long-term leases on a large part of ei~n Relations investigating the security mained unoccupied, while others were its space. program of the Department of State and going into the open market to procure Mr. President, for those reasons, and its foreign establishments. high-cost space to meet their r€quire• . 9ecause it undoubtedly is in the direc- The Senator from Rhode Island [Mr. ments. tion of greater efficiency and economy in LEAHY] is detained on official business. I 1950 CONGRESSIONAL- RECORD-SENATE 7489 The Senator from South CarJlina [Mr. the Citizens' Committee for the Hoover As to yoilr request for tnforniatioh on the MAYBANK] is absent by leave of the Sen­ Report, and I ask unanimous ·consent citizens· committee, the national committee and its 45 State and 300 county and local ate because ·of a death in his family. that these remarks may appear in the affiliates were specifically established for pub­ The Senator from Monfana [Mr. . RECORD fallowing the last vote taken on lic education in support of the Hoover re­ MURRAY] is absent because of a death in the reorganizatioJ;l plans. port. The committee is a voluntary, bi­ his family. The PRESIDING OFFICER. With­ partisan,· nonprofit -organization of private The Senator from South Carolina out objection, it is so ordered. citizens. It prepares and distributes educa­ [Mr. JOHNSTON] is paired on this vote Mr. SMITH of New Jersey, On May tional tools such as: ( 1) Digests of the com­ with the Senator from Rhode Island 17, 1950, the Senator from Arkansas mission's report; (2) high school and univer­ If sity short courses; (3) discussion group out­ [Mr. GREEN]. present and voting, the [Mr. McCLELLAN] discussed the activi­ lines; and (4) series of articles giving sim­ Senator from South Carolina would vote ties of the Citizens Committee for the plified explanations of the report for use by "yea" and the Senator from Rhode Is­ Hoover Report during the debate on newspapers, farm weeklies, union publica. land would vote "nay." Reorganization Plan No. 11 At that tions, and industrial employee magazines. If present and voting, the Senator time he referred to the testimony of Mr. Additionally the committee maintains con­ from New Mexico [Mr. ANDERSON], and Harold Leventhal, who appeared on be­ tact with some 93 national organizations who the Senator from South Carolina [Mr. half of the Citizens Committee to testify have signified their cooperation by resolution, MAYBANK] would vote "nay.'' 7, 8, 9, li.- by board affiliation, and by other action and on Plans and He also referred are informing their members of the progress Mr. SALTONSTALL. I announce that to Dr. Robert L. Johnson, the Chairman of the reorganization program. · the Senator from South Dakota iMr. of the Citizens Committee, and quoted The Commission's· policies are determined GURNE:YJ, the Senator from Michigan from a letter which he had ·received by its board of directors in accordance with [Mr. VANDENBERG], and the Senafor from from Dr. Johnson. the charter and bylaws under the laws of North Dakota [Mr. YoUNG], are absent In order that the RECORD may be com­ the State of New York in which it was in­ by leave of the Senate. plete, the Citizens Committee has re­ corporated. At the last meeting of the board The Senator from Iowa [Mr. HICKEN­ quested me to insert some Clarifying ma­ of directors, I,. as chairman, was authorized to act as spokesman for the citizens commit­ LOOPERJ who is absent by leave of the terial into the RECORD. I therefore ask tee and to consult with members of the Senate is paired with the Senator from unanimous consent to have . inserted at •Hoover Commission and its task forces on . Oregon [Mr. MoRsEJ who is also absent the conclusion of my remarks a copy of matters on .which .special information was by leave of the Senate. If present and Dr. Johnson's letter of May l, 1950, to required. I was also authorized to under­ voting the Senator from Iowa would vote the Senator from Arkansas; a copy of take two principal steps with regard to leg­ "yea" and the Senator from Oregon Dr. Johnson's letter of April 24, 1950, to islative measurei;; .and Presidential reorgani­ would vote "nay." Mr. Harold Leventhal, requesting that he zation plans: First, to have studies made by the committee's staff in order to determine The Senator from Massachusetts [l\4r. present to the Committee on Expendi­ factually the extent to which such measur.es LODGE] is absent by leave of the Senate tures in the Executive Departments the and plans conform with or di1fer from the on official committee business. views of the Citizens Committee on Re­ majority recommendations of the . Commis­ The Senator from New Hampshire organization Plans Nos. 7, 8, 9, and 11 - sion on Organization of the Executive Branch [Mr. TOBEY] is absent on official busi­ and a· copy of the prepared statement of the Government; and second, to endorse . ness. If present and voting the Senator of .Mr. · Harold Leventhal, given before those niatt.ers which are, after such studies, the Senate Committee on Expenditures so determined to be generally in accord with from New Hampshire would vote "nay." the recommendations of that Commission. The yeas and nays resulted-yeas' 7, on April 25, 1950 .. Also, administrative direction of the citizens : _nays 69, as follow~: Let me take this opportunity, Mr. committee .and certain .other duties were YEAS-7 President, to say that I think that the vested in me by the board of dire.ctors. Butler Gillette Wiley Citizens' Committee ·is performing a There is a widespre.ad demand for. analyti­ Capehart Neely firie ·service by carrying on important cal material of this sort on the part of our Ecton Taylor educational work concerning the Hoover affiliated committees, the press, and Mem­ Commission reports. Although I have bers o~ <;:ongress. Wi~h respect to the 21 NAYS-69 reorganization plans currently under discus­ Alken Hoey Malone not agreed with the conclusions of the sion in Congress, I instructed the commit­ Benton Holland Martin Citizens Committee on every plan, nev­ tee's staff to prepare a detailed analysis -of Brewster Humphrey- Milllkin -ertheless I have founa their circular let­ each plan in order to determine the extent Bricker Hunt Mundt Bridges Ives Myers ters and the testimony of their repre- of its conformance or lack of conformance Byrd Jenner O'Conor . sentatives most enlightening and help­ with the Commission's recommendations. Cain Johnson, Colo. O'Mahoney ful. A copy of this analysis, entitled "Circular Chapman Johnson, Tex. Robertson There being no objection, the letters Letter No. 2," is attached hereto for your in­ Connally Kefauver Russell formation as exhibit B. The analysis dis· Cordon Kem Saltons1'e.ll and statement were ordered to be printed closes that 19 of the 21 reorganization plans Darby Kilgore Schoeppel in the RECORD, as follows: submitted by the President are generally in Donnell Knowland Smith, Maine CITIZENS COMMITTEE FOR accord with recommendations of the major- Douglas Langer Smith, N. J. Dworshak Lehman Sparkman THE HOOVER REPORT, . ity of the Hoover Commission. One of the Eastland Long Stennis Washington, D. c .., May 1, 1950. two re~aining plans (plan No. 12) only par­ Ellender Lucas Taft Hon. JoHN L. McCLELLAN, tially so conforms to the recommendations. Ferguson McCarran Thomas, Utah United States Senate, The status of one other (plan No. 17) is Flanders · McCarthy Thye · Washington, D. C. debatable. Fulbright McClellan Tydings DEAR SENATOR McCLELLAN: Pursuant to the Circular Letter No. 2 has been given ex­ George McFarland Watkins Hayden McKellar Wherry kind invitation which you tendered in your tremely wide currency in the Nation's press. Hendrickson McMahon. WUliams letter of February 14, 1950, I requested Mr. · Also,.several thousand copies of it have been Hill Magnuson Withers · Harold Leventhal, a member of the National circularized to our State and local commit­ Citizens Committee and a sponsor of the tees, certain members of the committee, co­ NOT VOTING-20 Greater Washington ·Cittzens Committee, to operating organizations, and other interested Anderson Hickenlooper Murray present the vi~ws of the citizens committee persons or groups. Chavez Johnston, S. C. Pepper on Reorganization Plans 7, 8, 9, and 11. Mr. In view of the questions which have been Downey Kerr Thomas, Okla. Leventhal is admirably qualified to do so, raised in connection with this matter, it Frear Leahy Tobey would be greatly appreciated if this state­ Graham Lodge · Vandentrerg because of his Wide experience In iega( mat­ Green Maybank' Young ters and because of the important post which ment could be placed in the record. Gurney Morse he held on the commission's Task Force on Respectfully yours, Independent Regulatory Commissions. "ROBERT L. JOHNSON. The PRESIDING OFFICER

Senate Committee on Expenditures ~n the Executive Departments-Summary of action on reorganization plans of 1950, May 23, 1950

Senate vote on resolution Senate vote on resolution Senate reso- 8. Rept. of disapproval Senate reso- of disapproval Plan Title lution of Plan Title · lution of S. Rept. No. disapproval No. No. disapproval No. Yeas· Nays Date Yeas Nays Date

1 Department of Treasury_ No. 246 ..•••. 1518 65 13 May 11, 1950 15 None ______1547 None ______.., ___ Ala5ka and V~in Is- 2 Department of Justice .•. 1683 lands Public orks. ------Department of Interior ______do ______------_____ do ______3 No. 263 ______1545 ------16 Assistance to School Dis- 1548 ...... ------4 Department of Agricul- 1566 ""(i)"" ------May 18, 1950 tricts and Water Pol- ture. lution Control. 6 Department of Com- No. 259 ______1561 2 29 43 May 23, 1950 17 Advance Planning and No. 271._ ____ 1676 : 29 43 May 23, 1950 merce. None ______War Public Works. 6 Department of Labor ____ 1684 ------18 Building and Space No. 270 ______1675 27 C9 Do. 7 Interstate Commerce No. 253.. •••. 1567 66 13 May 17, 1950 Management Fune- Commission. No. 254 ______tions. 8 Federal Trade Commis- 1562 2 34 37 May 22, 1950 19 Employees' Compensa- None·----~-- 1549 ------sion. tion Functions. _____ do ______9 Federal Power Commis- No. 255.. •••. 1563 2 37 36 Do. 20 Statutes at Large and i550 ------sion. .None ______Other Matters. 10 Securities and Exchange 1685 21 Maritime Commission ___ No. 265 _____ ~ 1674 214 59 May 19, 1950 Commission. ------None ______No. 256 ______22 Federal National Mort- ·------...... ------11 Federal Communica- 1564 50 23 May 17, 1950 gage Association. _____ do ______tions Commission . . 23 Loans for Factory Buiit ------12 National Labor Rela- No. 248 .••••. 1516 53 30 May 11, 1950 Homes. _____ do ______tions Board. None ______2~ RFC to Department of ------13 Civil Aeronautics Board______do ______1686 ------Commerce. _____ do ______14 Labor Standards En- 1546 ~5 National Security Re- forcement. ------sources Board. ------

1 Resolution a!!feed to in the Senate by voice vote. 2 Resolution rejected. Requires majority of full Senate membersbip-49 votes-to disapprove plan. Of 21 plans acted on to date, plans Nos. 1, 4, 7, 11, and 12 rejected. Remainder of first group of 21 plans become effective May 24, 1950. Plans Nos. 22 to 25, inclusive, intro­ duced May 9, 1950. ACTION OF SENATE COMMITTEE ON EXPEN·DI• Senate Resolution 246: Reorganization ture. Senate adopted resolution o.f disap­ TURES IN THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS ON Plan No. 1 of 1950, Department of the Treas­ proval by voice vote on May 18, 1950. REORGANIZATION PLANS OF 1950, MAY 23, ury. Senate adopted resolution of disap­ Senate Resolution 253: Reorganization 1950 proval by vote of 65 to 13, May 11, 1950. Plan No. 7 of 1950, Interstate Commerce 1. Resolutions of disapproval reported fa­ · Senate Resolution 263: Reorganization Commission. Senate adopted resol.ution of vorably on following plans: Plan No. 4 of 1950, Department of Agricul- disapproval by vote of 66 to 13 May 17, 1950. 1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE .7491 Senate Resolution 248: Reorganization TRANSACTION OF ROUTINE BUSINE'SS We will appreciate your efforts to work In Plan No. 12 of 1950, National Labor Relations favor of keeping rent control for another Board. Senate adopted resolution of disap­ By unanimous consent, the following year. proval by vote of 53 to 30, May 11, 1950. routine business was transacted: Yours truly, 2. Resolutions of disapproval reported un­ ST. LAWRENCE SEAWAY-RESOLUTION OF M. L. WOLFSKILL, favorably: NORTHEASTERN ELECTRIC COOPERA­ Secretary-Treasurer, Senate Resolution 254: Reorganization TIVE ASSOCIATION, BURLINGTON, VT. Federated Trades Council. Plan No. 8 of 1950, Federal Trade Commis­ sion. Senate rejected resolution of disap­ Mr. AIKEN. Mr. President, I present proval by vote of 34 to 37, May 22, 1950. for appropriate reference, and ask unani­ PENNSYLVANIA FEDERATION OF LABOR, Senate Resolution 255: Reorganization Harrisburg, Pa., May 22, 1950. Plan No. 9 of 1950, Federal Power Commis­ mous consent to have printed in the REC­ Hon. FRANCIS J. MYERS, sion. Senate rejected resolution of disap­ ORD, a resolution adopted by the North­ Senate Office Building, prcval by vote of 37 to 36, May 22, 1950. eastern Electric Cooperative Association, Washington, D. C. Senate Resolution 256: Reorganization at Burlington, Vt., relating to the St. DEAR SENATOR: At our recent convention Plan No. 11 of 1950, Federal Communica­ Lawrence seaway and other public power the executive council of our federation in­ tions Commission. Senate adopted resolu­ developments. troduced resolution No. 43 on the subject tion of disapproval by vote of 50 to 23, May Decontrol of Rents, copy of which is attached 17, 1950. There being no objection, the resolu­ and is self-explanatory. 3. Resolutions of disapproval reported tion was referred to the Committee on I am certain you are aware of the tremen­ without recommendation: Foreign Relations, and ordered to be dous hardship that may be brought about if Senate Resolution 259: Reorganiz\..tion printed in the RECORD, as follows: rents are decontrolled in the Commonwealth ~lan No. 5 of 1950, Department of Commerce. of Pennsylvania. From our investigation Senate rejected resolution of disapproval by Whereas the Northeastern Electric Coopera­ and survey we have found in areas where vote of 29 to 43, May 23, 1950. tive Association favors the development of decontrols have been exercised it has actual­ Senate Resolution 271: Reorganization the St. Lawrence seaway and other sources of low-cost power which would strengthen ly brought about a reduction in take-home Plan No. 17 of 1950, Advance Planning and pay from 6 to 8 percent because of the deter­ War Public Works. Senate rejected resolu­ the economy of the Northeast and, in turn, mination on the part of real-estate oper­ tion of disapproval by vote of 29 to 43, May of the entire Nation; and ators to increase the rentals which were 23, 1950. Whereas it has come to the attention of under control-in some instances to as much Senate Resolution 270: Reorganization this association that the New 'England Coun­ as from 20 to 50 percent. Plan No. 18 of 1950, Building and Space Man­ cil and other organizations interested in Knowing the housing situation in Penn­ agement Functions. Senate rejected resolu­ maintaining the status quo have opposed sylvania as you do I am certain we can count tion of disapproval by vote of 7 to 69, May such public developments at various times and places: Now, therefore, be it · on you to see that this is not done in the 23, 1950. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania-therefore Senate Resolution 265: Reorganization Resolved, That this association go on rec­ we are asking that the present controls be Plan No. 21 of 1950, Transfer of Functions of ord as deploring the attitude of the New England Council and other interests for their continued, at least until June 30, 1951. the Maritime Commission to the Department Any consideration you may extend in con­ of Commerce. Senate reje<:ted resolution of short-sighted opposition to the development of low-cost· public power; and be it further nection with this request will be greatly ap­ disapproval by vote of 14 to 59, May 19, preciated. 1950. Resolved, That this association publicly re­ new its stand in favor of the St. Lawrence Sincerely yours, 4. Reorganization plans reported favorably JAMES L. McDEVI'IT, by committee on which no resolutions of seaway and other economically feasible disapproval were filed. (No action taken in hydroelectric developments, and that this President. Senate, become effective May 24, 1950.) association urgently petition Congress to ap­ Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1950, De­ prove the pending St. I.,awrence legislation Resolution 43 providing ·for approval of the United States­ partment of Justice. Whereas there is presently a concerted Reorganization Plan No. 3 of 1950, Depart­ Canadian agreement of 1941, and to make provision for a detailed survey of the pro­ drive being conducted -by the real-estate ment of the Interior. posed Passamaquoddy development and other lobby to bring about the decontrol of rents Reorganization Plan No. 6 of 1950, Depart­ potential rnurces of low-cost power. We fur­ thoughout the United States; and ment of Labor. ther approve the public development and Whereas there is still a very acute short­ Reorganization Plan No. 10 of 1950, Securi­ control of such power as may be generated age of homes available for sale as well as an ties and Exchange Commission. at Niagara Falls under the Canadian-United even greater shortage of rental units; and Reorganization Plan No. 13 of 1950, Civil States treaty of February 27, 1950. Whereas the decontrol of rents would work Aeronautics Board. a severe hardship on thousands of working Reorganization Plan No. 14 of 1950, Labor RENT CONTROL-LETTERS AND RESOLU­ men and their families through increases in Standards Enforcement. TION rents that will range from 20 to 50 percent, Reorganization Plan No. 15 of·1950, Alaska Mr. MYERS. Mr. President, I present . thus actually bringing about a reduction in and Virgin Islands PUblic Works. for appropriate reference letters from pay income of from 6 to 8 percent, as indi­ Reorganization Plan No. 16 of 1950, Assist­ cat~d in areas where decontrols have been ance to School Districts and Water Pollution the Federated Trades Council of Read­ exercised: Therefore be it Control. ing and Berks County, signed by M. L. Resolved, That this federation call upon Reorganization Plan No. 19 of 1950, Em­ 'Wolfskill, secretary-treasurer; the Penn­ .Congress to continue the Rent Control Act to ployees' compensP.tion Functions. sylvania Federation of Labor of Harris­ June 30, 1951; and be it further Reorganization Plan No. 20 of 1950, Stat­ burg, signed by James L. McDevitt, pres­ Resolved, That all affiliated unions write utes at Large and other matters. or wire their Congressmen and Senators ident, and a resolution adopted by the MYERS and MARTIN requesting them to vote r 5. No action has been taken by the com­ mittee on Reorganization Plans Nos. 22, 23, 24, Pennsylvania Federation of Labor, at to continue rent control to the above-stated and 25, submitted to the Congress on May 9, Harrisburg, all in the State of Pennsyl­ period. . 1950. vania, and I ask unanimous consent that Executive Council: James L. McDevitt, they be printed in the RECORD. Earl C. Bohr, James Acri, Norman MEilSAGE FROM THE HOUSE Blumberg, ·Eugene A. Burke, John M. A message from the House of Repre­ ·There being no objection, the letters Casler, Joseph L. Downes, David E. sentatives, by Mr. Swanson, one of its a.nd resolution were referred to the Com­ Glavin, Matt Gorman, Fred B. Hughes, reading clerks, announced that the House mittee on Banking and Currency, and Alfred J. Mascaro, Edward F. Netzler, ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as Samuel Otto, Benjamin Weigand, had agreed to the report of the commit­ Sidney G. Willar. tee of conference on the disagreein·g follows: votes of the two Houses on the amend­ FEDERATED TRADES COUNCIL OF CURTAILMENT OF POSTAL SERVICE­ ment of the Senate to the bill ALEXANDER WILEY, cue operations in the port of Milwaukee rests Yours truly, United States Senate Office Building, with the Milwaukee Coast Guard station; B. _H. HILL, Washington, D. C. and MY DEAR SENATOR WILEY: Since the United Whereas Edward E. Wischer, chief of the FEDERATION OF SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS States Senate is currently considering H. R. fire department of the city of Milwaukee, OF ERIE COUNTY, PA., 6000, the members of the Madison Court, who has made a study of the problem, has May 17, 1950. Catholic Daughters of America wish to regis­ reached the .conclusiOI). that the primary re­ Hon. FRANCIS MYERS, ter their reactions to this resolution with quirement for adequate protection for the Senate Building, Washington, D. C . you. port of Milwaukee is to have one or more DEAR Sm: At our meeting held May 8, it We oppose: fast, fair-sized rescue vessels, manried by was voted that we write our Representative, - 1. Any enlargement of the child-welfare experienced personnel, on a 24-hc'>Ur-a-day, requesting him to do his utmost in trying . services, on the grounds that .even now year-round basis; and that the most strategic to restore the services previously rendered by .some of the several States are not using the position for such vessel .under the direction ·the United States post offices. moneys available to them because of the and control of the Milwaukee Coast Guard Trusting you will, I am, restrictions of the Children's Bureau, which station would be the harbor entrance; and Yours truly, make the maintainance of relations with Whereas the citizenry of Milwaukee has MICHAEL RICCI, ·voluntary agenc_ies impossible. been aroused by the lack of ·adequate pro­ Secretary. 2. Changing the definition of "dependent tective facilities · of the ·Milwaukee Coast child," which would have the effect of mak­ Guard station, particularly with reference to City Council Resolution 5704 ·ing clause IV of the Social Security Act into air.:.1alce rescue service; and A resolution protesting the action of the a program of unemployment relief under Whereas this inadequacy should be brought Postmaster General in ordering limitation the aegis of aid to dependent children. to the · attention of the Congress of the of mail deliveries in residential areas, re­ 3. Grants-in-aid to the States for general United States: Now, therefore, be it ducing frequency of collections from street public assistance, because it projects the . Resolved by the Common Council of the letter boxes, shortening hours during which Federal Government into the entire field of City of Milwaukee, That Congress is hereby window service is provided, and other relief, and sets up a pattern of help for all, memorialized by the Common Council of the changes and matters not considered in' the whether in need or not. city of Milwaukee representing, by popular public interest · We favor: election, the citizenry of Milwaukee, to enact Resolved by the city of McKeesport, in The provisions of H. R. 6000 which extend such legislation as will be necessary to provide council assembled, That- and improve the old-age program, including adequate protection for the port of Mil­ Whereas the Postmaster General of the its provisions in regard to voluntary coverage waukee, particula.rly by furnishing one or United States has deemed it necessary to of nonprofit agencies. We believe, however, more fast, .fair-sized rescue vessels, manned limit the number of mail deliveries in resi­ that the Congress should further extend this PY experienced personnel, on a 24-ho-.1r-a­ dential areas to one each day; and program to cover all the· present aged; be­ day, year-round basis, with the strategic lo­ Whereas he has further ordered abolition .cause the present generation should face cation for such Coast Guard vessel or vessels of.directory service for poorly addressed first­ immediately. the problem of caring for its to be fixed at the harbor entrance of ·the port class mail, reduced the frequency of collec­ own aged on a pay-as-you-go basis. of Milwaukee; and be it further tions from street letter boxes, and shortened AIR-LAKE RESCUE SERVICE AT MIL• Reso!ved, That a certified copy o! this reso­ ·the number of hours during which window WAUKEE, WIS.-RESOLUTION OF COM­ lution be sent to Congressmen CLEMENT ZA­ service is provided; and BLOCKI and ANDREW BIEMILLER, representing Whereas such action is not considered in MON COUNCIL O;F MILWAUKEE the city of Milwaukee, for proper introduc­ the public interest, deprives the individual Mr. WILEY. Mr. President, I have tion into the House of Representatives, and of traditional privileges, and causes loss of received an important resolution from to United states Senators JOSEPH McCARTHY employment for thousands of our young and ALEXANDER WILEY, representing the State veterans: Therefore be it the Common Council of Milwaukee, Wis., bf Wisconsin, for proper introduction into Resolved, That this Council of the City of urging adequate air-lake rescue service the United States Senate; and be it further McKeesport go on re~ord as officially and for Milwaukee ·harbor through means of · Resolved, That all city officers, departments, vigorously protesting this revolutionary expansion of the facilities of the Coast and bureaus are hereby directed and author­ edict; and be it further · Guard. ized to extend their services and to cooperate Resolved, That copies of this resolution in every mai:mer possible to bring about, be sent to the two United States Senators I ask unanimous consent-that this res- . through action of Congress or otherwise, an from Pennsylvania, the Congressman repre­ olution be printed in the RECORD, and {Ldequate Milwaukee Coast Guard facility senting the Thirty-third Pennsylvania Con• appropriately referred. · such as described above. 195_9 CO_N_GRESSIONAL RECORD-SEN.ATE ·.7493 REPORTS QF A qOMMITTEE .the . number. of hospitals in the past HOUSE BILL REFERRED The following reports of· a committee 2 years and the average daily occupancy The bill (H. R. 8567) n:.aking appro­ were submitted: rate has risen from 63 percent to 69 per-· priations to supply deficiencies in cer­ By Mr. ECTON, from the Committee on cent of constructed bed capacity. , . tain appropriations for the fiscal .year Interior and Insular Affairs: The over-all statistics on Federal hos­ ending June 30, 1950, and for other pur­ S. 3029. A bill authorizing the Secretary pital utilization as set forth in the sub­ poses, was read twice by its title, and of the Interior to issue a patent in fee to committee report are as follows: referred to the Committee on Appropria­ Wilber J. Scott; without ·amendment (Rept. No. 1736). tions. Percentage of By Mr. McFARLAND, from the Committee EXECUTIVE MESSAGE REFERRED Calen· ~e~f occupancy on Interior and Insular Affairs: Agency As in executive session, H. R. 5372. A bill to authorize the negotia­ dar hospi· year tals Maxi· Aver· The PRESIDING OFFICER UNDER UNITED NATIONS CHARTER­ 'senate Resolution 206, Eighty-first Con­ continue to make inquiries into this prob- ARTICLE BY ARTHUR KROCK :gress, authorizing the Committee on Ex- ·Jem of Federal hospitals· ~nd to report [Mr. WILEY asked and obtained leave to penditures in the Executive Depart~ to the Congress on the problem from have printed in the REc°ORD an article en­ ments to carry out certain duties. tim·e to time. titled "More on Treaty Supremacy Over Ex­ I In the report of . the ·senate Investi­ I now submit the report and ask unani­ isting Laws," written by Arthur Krock, and gations Subcommittee oh the Utilization mous consent that it be printed as a published in the New York Times of May of Federal Hospital FaciUties which I Senate document. 23, 1950, which appears in the Appendix.] am submitting to the Senate today it The PRESIDING OFFICER. The re­ ·EDITORIAL C01>.1MENT ON THE RAILROAD is pointed out that every person en­ port will be· received, and, without ob­ STRIKE titled to receive treatment in Federal jection, printed as· a Senate document, . [Mr. DONNELL, by separate requests, asked hospitals should receive the best possible . as requested by the Senator from North and obtained leave to have printed in the 'medical · care · and adequate ho.spital Carolina. RECORD 21 newspaper editorials and articles facilities must be available to render regarding the recently settled railroad strike, that type of service. Secorid.:.rate medi­ BILLS INTRODUCED which appear in the Appendix.] · cal care and inadequate hospital facili­ Bills were introduced, read the first PRESIDENT TRUMAN'S DREAM, JEFFER- ties for the men of our armed services . time, and, by unanimous consent, the SON'S NIGHTMARE 'and our veterans, as well as other second time, and referred as follows: [Mr. KEM asked and obtained leave to patients entitled to Federal hospitaliza­ . By Mr. CORDON: have printed in the RECORD . an editorial en­ ition, must not be tolerated. However, S. 3639. A bill providing for an extension titled "President Truman's Dream was Jef­ the waste of public funds in the Federal of the time during which annual assess­ ferson's Nightmare," published in the Rich­ ment work on mining claims held by loca­ mond (Va.) Times-Dispatch on Wednesday, :hospital program cannot be condoned tion in the United States may be made; to May 17, 1950, which appears in the Appendix.] any more than similar waste in other the Committee on Interior and Insular Af­ SUMMARY OF PROGRESS IN HOUSING IN activity of government. fairs. The Federal Government is now S. 3640. A bill to authorize the construe- · CONNECTICUT operating 353 hospitals, with a total con­ tion of a dam and dike to prevent the flow [Mr. BENTON asked and ·obtained leave structed capacity of almost 200,000 beds. of tidal waters into Oar Creek, Douglas to have printed in the RECORD a letter writ­ The maintenance and operation of this County, Oreg.; to the Committee on Public ten by Hon. George E. Carr, chairman of the ·large and scattered network of hospitals Works. Connecticut State. Housing Authority, pub­ By Mr. LEHMAN: lished in the Hartford Courant Q.n May 13, presents m;my different problems. In 1950, which appears in the Appendix.) addition to the very serious problem of S. 3641. A bill for the relief of Rev. Andrew K. C. Whang and his family; to the Com­ LEGISLATIVE PROGRAM adequately staffing these hospitals with mittee on the Judiciary. competent doctors and other medical By Mr. MYERS: Mr. LUCAS . . Mr. President, I wish to personnel, there are such other matters S. 3642. A bill for the relief of Toshiko make a short statement for the benefit as the geographical location of hospitals, Murai; and of Members of the Senate with respect the need for reserve hospital space in the · S. 3643. A bill for the relief of J. Hibbs to the program to be followed during the event of mobilization, and the many Buckman and A. Raymond Raff, Jr., execu­ next few days, · other problems inherent in the opera­ tors of the estate of A. Raymond Raff, de­ The next order of business will be the tion of a large and .diversified hospital ceased; to the Committee on the Judiciary. ECA conference report, which the dis­ program. By Mr. McGARRAN (by request): tinguished senior Senator from Texas S. 3644. A bill to amend the War Claims [Mr. CONNALLY] is ready to have consid­ · The staff of the subcommittee in pre­ Act of 1948, as amended; to the Committee paring the present report has confined on the Judiciary. ered the moment I finish advising the its findings to the question of hospital By Mr. SMITH of New Jersey (for Senate with respect to the remaining utilization and even then no attempt has himself and Mr. HENDRICKSON) : part of the program. . been made to explore the many ramifica:. S. 3645. A bill for the relief of Ruby Thaw Following action on the conference re­ tions of that single problem. It was and Hla Sein; to the Committee on the Ju­ port we will take up the conference re­ found that there has been a cut-back in diciary. port on the so-called basing-point bill, 7494 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MAY 23 S. 1008. The report is ready to be con­ Senator from Illinois will the FEPC bill Mr. GEORGE. I was not in the Sen­ sidered and has been for some time. drift back to the calendar? ate Chamber when the distinguished ma­ Following that we will then proceed Mr. LUCAS. We can set aside any one jority leader made his statement. I with the consideration of House bill 6567, of the other measures at the proper time, should like _to know precisely_ what the Calendar No. 1380, a bill to increase the because I think we have the votes at least decision of the policy committee was borrowing power of the Commodity to displace any bill. with reference to House bill 6000? Credit Corporation. Mr. TAFT. I take it consideration of Mr. LUCAS. With reference to House Following that we perhaps will take up the conference reports will not displace bill 6000 I wish to make the following for consideration House bill 6000, the the FEPC bill. statement for the benefit of the Senator social-security bill. Mr. LUCAS. No. That is· correct. from Georgia. We agreed first to take That is about the program the Demo­ Mr. TAFT. But would the FEPC bill up for consideration the conference re­ cratic policy comm_ittee has just agreed be displaced and sent back to the cal­ port on the ECA legislation. Following upon. endar when the Senate takes ·up for con­ that we will take up the conference re­ We also have agreed that when we sideration the first bill mentioned by the port on Senate bili 1008, which is known finish our work on Friday we will then Senator from Illinois? as the basing-point bill. take a recess until Monday, and will Mr. LUCAS. The Senator from Ohio Following that it is proposed to move hold only a perfunctory session on Mon­ is correct. The parliamentary situation to take up House bill 6567, a bill to in­ day, and then talrn another recess until is that so long as privileged matters are cre_ase the borrowing power of the Com­ Wednesday. Some Members on both before the Senate they do not displace modity Credit Corporation. That is a sides of the aisle were anxious that that the FEPC bill. But the moment a motion very important measure. be done. I doubt if any considerable is made and agreed to to take up a bill amount of business will be transacted on the calendar then the FEPC bill goes I then stated that following that we on Monday. So in order to accommo­ back on the calendar. But let me say to probably would move to take up House date all Senators who desire to be absent the Senator from Ohio that we can move bill 6000. Meantime the Senator from on those days we agreed upon that pro­ to take up the FEPC bill at any time. Arizona [Mr. HAYDEN] suggested that he gram. The motion to take up would then be de­ might try to have the Senate consider Mr. President, I hope that when Sena­ batable. In view of the fact that the the conference report on the amend­ tors return on Wednesday, however, that motion to take up has been debated for ments to the Hatch i\Ct, House bill 1243. if it may be necessary to hold a night about 2 weeks it would be the intention I should also like to call attention to session we can hold one without having of the Senator from Illinois to obtain a the conference on the displaced-persons · my friends desert me around 8 or 9 sufficient number of signatures to file a bill. That bill ha~ been in conference o'clock. petition for cloture on the very day the for some time. Mr. IVES. Mr. President, will the motion to take up the bill is made. There is a conference report on the Senator yield? Mr. TAFT. The effect of the Senator's composition of the Armed Forces, which Mr. LUCAS. Yes; I yield to the Sen.;. motion to take up the first bill he men­ has been pending since September 3, ator from New York. tioned will be to displace the FEPC bill? 1949. Mr. IVES. The Senator from New That is the parliamentary situation, is There is also a conference report on York may now be asking a question it not? the establishment of foreign-trade zones, about something the Senator from Il­ Mr. LUCAS. The Senator is correct. which has been pending since September linois is about to speak. The Senator There can be no doubt about that. Ob­ 3, 1949. from New York rises to inquire as to the viously we cannot wait for Senators to Mr. GEORGE. Mr. President, will the plan with respect to another vote on return on the theory that the FEPC bill Senator yield further? cloture being taken with re'spect to Sen­ will not be displaced, because we can Mr. LU(:AS. I yield. ate bill 1728. move at any time to proceed to the con­ Mr. GEORGE. With respect to that Mr. LUCAS. I am glad the Senator sideration of the FEPC bill, and that mo­ conference report, let me make this made that inquiry, because we certaiply tion, of course, is debatable. We can file statement: I had purposely declined to are going to have another vote on the a petition for cloture on the same day press action upon it because certain FEPC bill. . and secure a vote within 48 hours there­ negotiations were proceeding. Now an Mr. IVES. Will the Senator from after on the petition for cloture. agreement has definitely been reached, Tilinois be so kind as to indicate the Mr. HAYDEN. Mr. President, will the and within the next 5 or 6 days, if noth­ time when that vote will be had? Senator yield? ing is done about it, we. will proceed to Mr. LUCAS. It is somewhat difficult Mr. LUCAS. I yield. consider that report at any convenient to do so. I do not object to telling the Mr. HAYDEN. With respect to the time. . Senate and the country what my strat­ conference report on the amendments to Mr. LUCAS. I thank the Senator for egy is. I do not know whether it will the Hatch Act, which bill was reported that explanation. That is very satisfac­ work or not, but at least we have to from the Committee on Rules and Ad­ tory to the majority leader. wait until the junior Senator from Mas­ ministration, I inquire when that con­ Mt. WHERRY. Mr. President, will sachusetts [Mr. LODGE] and the senior ference report will be taken up. the Senator yield? Senator from Rhode Island [Mr. GREEN] Mr. LUCAS. We -have discussed that Mr. LUCAS. I yield. return. We need every vote we can get. and we will certainly take it up before Mr. WHERRY. I understood the ma­ Probablywe will be one or two votes short the session closes. I do not believe there jority leader to say that the first oppor­ even if we get all the votes of Senators will be too much debate on that matter. tunity to have another vote taken on who are now absent. I hope to be able It is a privileged matter. the motion for cloture would be on the to cooperate with my friends on the Mr. HAYDEN. I do not wish to assert return of the Senator from Massachu­ other side of the aisle to the end that we the privilege of bringing it before the setts [Mr. LODGE] and the Senator from can set a certain date, and then let Senate, if it is going to interfere with Rhode Island [Mr. GREEN]. I ask the Senators see to it that all Senators who the program, but we would like to dis­ majority leader if it is not true that the are favorable to cloture are present at the pose of the conference report. two Senators will possibly be away for a time the vote is taken. I realize it is Mr. LUCAS. I will say to the Senator couple of weeks. very difficult to do that. It is seldom from Arizona that it would not interfere Mr. LUCAS. Ten days to 2 weeks is that we have a total membership pres·­ with the program too much if the Sena­ my understanding. ent and voting upon any measure. But tor desired to bring up the conference Mr. WHERRY. I raise that point so I at least hope the Senate will make a report, which is a privileged matter. that Senators may know approximately better showing than it made the last time . Mr. GEORGE and Mr. O'MAHONEY the time of their return. I do not know the vote on cloture was taken. addressed the Chair. · just when the majority leader intends to Mr. TAFT. Mr. President, will the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the bring the motion for cloture to a vote, · Senator yield? Senator from Illinois yield, and if so, to but it will be at least 10 days or 2 weeks Mr. LUCAS. I yield. whom? before there will be a possibility of the Mr. TAFT. At what point, during the Mr. LUCAS. I yield first to thP. Sen­ motion with respect to FEPC coming to a program outlined a moment ago by the ator from Georgia. vote? . I 1950 1 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 7495 Mr. LUCAS. The Senator is correct measure gives rather special benefits to There being no objection, the bill

of the third district to complete action on a. mination by the Se~etary of the irrigable shall be effe·ctive," be deleted, and that the ·new repayment contract. . The interests of· area of the project, or any division thereof, words "appropriation authorizations of said the United States would als~ be served by and for the exclusion of lands from the proj­ act shall be effective, and moneys appropri­ such action, since the provisions of the new ~ct with the consent of the holders of any ated thereunder shall be available for ex­ contracts are beneficial to the United States water rights that would be canceled by such penditure," be inserted in lieu thereof. as well as to the irrigation districts. · exclusion; and (4) make such other changes Since the time for acceptance of the provi­ Under the provisions of this bill, an addi­ in the existing repayment contracts as the sions of the act of May 25, 1948, will expire tional period of time, namely, to May 25, Secretary and the districts contracting may on May 25 of this year, the enactment of this . 1951, would be accorded the Mission irriga­ mutually agree upon for the accomplishment legislation prior to the latter date would be tion district in which to receive the benefits of the purposes of the act. most desirable. · of the act of. May 25, 1948, by executing a There are three irrigation districts embrac­ The J;3ureau of the Budget has aavised that contract conforming to the terms and condi­ ing non-Indian-owned lands on the Flathead there is no objection to the submission of tions of that measure. Indian irrigation project, namely, the Flat­ this report to yo:u_r committee. This bill, if enacted, wlll also permit a pos­ head, the Jocko Valley, and the Mission irri­ Sincerely yours, sible immediate settlement of the obligations gation districts. The largest of these ls the MASTIN G. WHITE, due the Indians of the Flathead reservation Flathead district with approximately 70 ,000 Acting Secretary of the Interi or. acres of irrigable land under assessment for provided for under the provisions of said act FOREIGN ECONOMIC ASSIS'£ANCE ACT OF of May 25, 1948. operation and maintenance of the project. S. 3524, introduced by Senator ECTON, and The Mission district has approximately 13,000 1950-CONFERENCE REPORT S. 3535, introduced by Senator MURRAY, acres of irrigable land under assessment for Mr~ CONNALLY. Mr. President, I call which bills are now pending before your com­ such charges; and the Jocko Valley district has approximately 6,000 acres of irrigable up for the consideration of the Senate mittee and which bills are identical with that the conference report on House bill 7797, of H . R. 8199. land under such assessments. The Flathead Under date of May 15, 1950, the Secretary and Jocko Valley districts, comprising ap­ known as the ECA bill. of the Interior submitted his report on said proximately 85 percent of the total irrigable . The PRESIDING OFFICER. The re­ bills S. 3524 and S. 3535. The suggested ·assessable area, have each executed a repay­ port will be read. amendments by the Secretary of the Interior ment contract on the form approved by the The legislative clerk proceeded to read are emtodied in the text of the . House bill Secretary as provided for in the act of May the report. (H. R. 8199) as herein recommended passage. 25, 1948, and the contracts so executed have been confirmed by proceedings in a court of eing the Senator froi;n · Texas, will benefit materially by having the irri­ Under the provisions of these bills an ad­ chairman, the Senator from Georgia gation districts embracing their lands ac­ ditional period of time, namely, to May 25, [Mr. GEORGE], the Senator from Utah cept the provisions of the act of May 25, 1951, would be accorded the Mission irri­ [Mr. THOMAS], the Senator from Wis­ 1948, within the tiine allowed by law for gation district in which to r~ceive the bene­ consin [Mr. WILEY], and the Senator that purpose. Section 3 of the act in ques­ fits of the act of May 25, 1948, by executing from New Jersey [Mr. SMITHJ. The con­ tion now requires such acceptance to be a contract conforming to the terms and con­ manifested, through the execution of new ditions of that measure. In the meantime, ferees on the part of the House were repayment contracts by an ·of the irrigation .the repayment obligations of that district Representatives JOHN KEE, JAMES P . districts on the project, within 2 years after under its existing contract with the Secre­ RICHARDS, THOMA~ S. GORDON, JOHN M. the approval of that act. One of the three tary of the Interior would remain in full VORYS, and FRANCES P. BOLTON. districts has not as yet ·executed the new force and effect. Mr. President, I wish to say that after contracts. The enactment of S. 3524 or S. These bills also would permit the settle­ considerable time spent in adjusting the 3535 would permit the two districts which ment of the obligations due the Indians of have accepted the act to obtain its benefits, the Flathead Reservation under subsections differences between the two Houses the and would allow the third district an addi­ 5 (a) and 5 (b) of the act of May 25, 1948. report was signed by each of the 10 con­ tional year to complete the steps incident to These subsections deal with obligations long ferees on the bill. The conference re­ such acceptance. outstanding. Further delay in their settle­ port has already been adopted today by The contracts wlth the Secretary o.f the ment would be disadvantageous to both the the House of Representatives. So there Interior required by the act of May 25, 1948, Indians and the United States. The proviso ought not be much controversy or divi­ must contain provisions whereby the irri­ to these bills is designed to make possible an sion with respect to action on this gation districts (1) obligate themselves to immediate settlement, as lands substantially measure. repay the construction costs chargeable .in excess of the 70 percent there specified are against all irrigable lands embraced within embraced within the two irrigation districts Mr. TAFT. Mr. President, will the the respective districts contracting (exclu­ which have already executed repayment con­ Senator yield to me for a moment? sive of Indian-owned lands on . which the tracts pursuant to the act. . Mr. CONNALLY. I yield. . collection of construction costs ls deferred) For purposes of clai"ification, it is recom­ . Mr. TAFT. I wish to give notice that to the extent and in the manner prescribed mended that at .page 1, lines 9 and 10, the I intend to make a major effort to have by sections 1 and 2 of the act; (2) consent words "by May 25, 1951, as provided for in the report rejected because of the sub­ to such revisions in the llmlts of cost for said act," be deleted, and that the words the project, or any division thereof, as the .. conforming to the provisions of said act on stantial change and additions to the Secretary of the Interior and the districts or before May 25, 1951," be inserted in lieu point 4 program. It seems to me that contracting may mutually agree upon in thereof. we have here an absolutely new bill, one orde_r to facilitate the making of improve­ . For like purposes, it is recommended that which should be debated at length, and ments and extensions to the irrigation and at page 2, lines 8 and 9, the words "provisions that it should not be considered that in power systems; (3) provide for·the redeter- and requirements of section 5 of said act this case we are merely asked to give 195D CONGRESSION_AL ~ECORD-. SENATE .7497

casual approval to a conference report . 00.0,GOO, e.nd protected American invest- , stri<'.tion is_mai~tained or imposed by a par­ wbich has been submitted. . ments in Europe against seizure or con- ticipating country or by any dependent area The point 4 program is similar-- : fiscation, destruction, revolution, war, of such country, the Administrator shall take such remedial action as he determines will Mr. CONNALLY. Mr. President, is the . and so on and so forth. The Senate did effectively promote the purposes of this Senator from Ohio asking me a question? . not agree to the provisions of the House . subsection. Mr. TAFT. No; I am only giving no- bill. Finally, however,.it was agreed that tice. Apparently the Senator from Texas the·amount for guaranty purposes would Progress has already been made in suggested that this conference report . be cut to $200,000,0!lO. The guaranty · eliminating those discriminations by an · should be approved as a matter of course. . purposes . include the.· .convertibility of · arrangement under which the Secretary Mr. CONNALLY. Oh, no; I did not. . . currency. In the case of funds which , of s ·tate and -the Moroccan .authorities Mr. TAFT. I wish to indicate my , may be accumulated in Europe .by way : established, as it were, a joint commis- opposition to such a course. of American investments we guarantee sion composed of the American consul Mr. CONNALLY. The .Senator from . the convertibility of their. currency into 'and appropriate Moroecan authorities. Texas did no such thing, notwithstand- United States currency. We limited the Anyone who has a complaint may file it ing the supererogation of the distin- · guaranties to convertibility. of. currency . with that Commission where it will be guished Senator from Ohio, who seems and "to expropriation or confiscation by investigated and necessary action taken to know more about less than anyone . action.of the government of a.participat­ to elfminate the cause of complaint. else I know. · ing country." The House language was . That has already worked to great advan­ Mr. TAFT. Mr. President, will the · very broad. The House wanted to guar- tage, but it has only been in operation a . Senator yield? , antee investments and business ventures : few months . . We enlarged . upon that The PRESIDING OFFICER: · Does. the abroad against many contingencies, in­ . protection by directing the-Administra­ Senator· from Texas yield to the s~nator . eluding. expropriation and confiscation. for, whenever it appears that there is dis- from,Ohio? We insisted. that it was beyond the ' crnnination aga1Ilst Amerfoan cit"izens or Mr. CONNALLY. , I yield. . , prop.er function of. this bill to offer guar- against American trade, to take such Mr. TAFT. What does the Senator · anties of such a br.oad characte1" · - actfon as may, be· appropriate. . . mean. by '·'supei:erogation"? ·I wa:p.t ::-i,n Mr. MILLIKIN• . Mr. ·President, wHl Iri the ca8e of China, the House ac;. explanation of the term. . . the Senator yield?- · . - cepte~Uhe , Senate _pr:ovision that $8,000,- Mr. CONNALLY. The Senator can . - The PRESIDING OFFICER. ·. Dces·the - 000 of the assistance provided for the · look in the dictionary, for it. . I do. not · Senator from-Texas yield to the Senator general are·a of china be made available have time to .educate the Senator from - from Golorado? . for relief on the .. continent of China. . Ohio. Mr. CONNALLY. I yield. Those funds have already been appro­ ... Mr: President1 there was no difference Mr. MILL1KIN. ·-Will the Senator dis- priated and ·made available, but are un­ , -between the total amounts carried in the - tinguish between·the·point·4 part of the - expended. In view of those · funds, the House and Senate bills, so that question bill as it left. the Senate and as it. re­ ·· House ·agreed to tha.t pro:vision. The . was ·not· in conference. One .question turns? _ or is· he in process of doing . Senate in turn-accepted the House pro- which arose. was .that of so-called politi- that now? vision that· $6,000,QOO of the ·funds be made available for the assistance of Chi­ cal federation. The House . of . Rep1~e- Mr. CONNALLY. No; I am-going to nese students in the United States. I . sentatives insisted upon inserting in the do that a little later. We finally agreed think most .Senators are familiar with bill- a provision encouraging , European ' to guarantee the convertibility of cur­ the arrangement with respect to Chinese uniftcation and political federation. · rencies-as does the existing law-and students. Mr·. DONNELL. Mr. Presid;mt, will "to extend guaranties against expro- The Senator from·Colorado wanted to the Senator yield? priation or confiscation by action of the know about point 4. Allow me to say to The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does government of a participating country." . the Senator, Mr. President, that in the the Senator from Texas yield to the Sen- The House wanted that to be by the main the Senate restricted and cut down ator from Missouri? action of any government or public au- the pow~s which the House sought to Mr. CONNALLY. I yield. thority in Europe anywhere. We, how- give under point 4. In the final analysis, Mr. DONNELL. I wanted to ask ever, took the position that if we could the action of the Senate was that point 4 whether, by the term "federation," the limit it to the confiscation or expropria­ should be restricted to technical advice Senator had reference to the world fed- tiori by a govermn,ent which was one of · and assistance, without furnishing funds eration movement? the participating countries, the United beyond those provided for technical as­ Mr. CONNALLY. No. States would probably incur no risk sistance, or guaranteeing funds, and Mr. DONNELL. . Or whether it re- whatever. If _a participating country without American investments in any ferred merely to the federation of Eu- should confiscate or expropriate . the large degree. ropean countries. property of American citizens, the United Mr. ROBERTSON. Mr. President, Mr. CONNALLY. That is all. States could take recourse by withdraw- will the Senator yield? Mr. DONNELL·. It referred merely to ing or cutting off their funds as a par- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the European countries. ticipating country, an.ct thereby protect the Senator from Texas yield to the Sen­ Mr. CONNALLY. · It did not refer to itself. So the House agreed to that . a tor from Virginia? a world federation. But the Senate in- change. Mr. CONNALLY. I yield. sisted upon striking the words "political As most Senators know, we have had Mr. ROBERTSON. Was the Russell federation." We thought it went be- considerable discussion about the Mo­ amendment with respect to point 4 of yond. the proper function of the Uriited roccan amendment. Certain persons · the Senate bill retained in conference? States to insist or suggest to European around the Capitol have been constantly Mr. CONNALLY. What amendment? nations that they have a political fed- advocating the view that American cit­ Mr. ROBERTSON. The Russell eration. We did approve of their eco- izens are being discriminated against in amendment, which provided that those nomic unification · in connection with respect to their trade in Morocco, and in charge of the program should frankly their recovery under this program. The they have insisted that radical action be tell everyone that they were planning Senate was successful in striking out the taken against France and against Mo­ for them, but that we made no commit­ language "political federation of Eu- rocco until such discriminations cease. ments to pay for the improvements. rope." The language which was finally While the Senate amendment relating to Mr. CONNALLY. Let me check on adopted was "to encourage the further this question was not accepted by the that. I will get that information for unification of Europe." We inserted the conferees, another amendment was the Senator in a minute. I want to get word "further" to indicate that the eco- added to the broad provisions of the the exact language. I think if the Sen­ nomic unity which had already been Senate bill designed to protect Ameri­ ator will turn to section 416 (b) of the achieved should continue. But we stop- can business interests against dis­ bill he will find that while the part of ped short of political federation. crimination. The amendment reads as the Russell amendment he refers to was Another point in issue was that the follows: not accepted by the conferees, the bill House bill increased the amount for In any case where the Department of State · does provide that there. is no commit­ guararitie.s from $150,000,POO to $300,- determines that any such discriminatory re- ment under point 4 to supply funds, 7498 CONGRESSIONAL. RECORD-SENATE MAY 23 commodities, or services to any of the Mr. CONNALLY. That is a fine prin­ mental agreements or otherwise, that participating countries. ciple to which we can all subscribe; but they will not be deprived of their prop­ There was quite an effort in the con­ if the Senator has been in a conference erty without prompt, adequate, and ef­ ference committee to encourage the in­ committee, as I am sure he has been fective compensation, it seems to me that vestment of American capital abroad many times, he knows that sometimes we this "warm in the winter and cool in the under the point 4 program. The Senate have to give and take, in order to reach summer" proposition is holding out to in­ conferees accepted the language which an agreement. But in this case, an vestors a belief that we are assuring them had been worked out on a bipartisan investor who is going abroad to invest a that they may be the .recipients of guar­ basis with the House and which meets large amount of money would be a fool­ anties by our Government. Personally, with the approval of various American ish man if he did not consult a good I do not like this kind of language. It business interests. It is merely a state­ lawyer like the Senator from Missouri, seems to me we should say whether we ment of policy. It does not carry any or the Senator from Wisconsin-- are or are not going to do any such specific provisions or commitments. Mr. DONNELL. Or the Senator from thing. I am not opposed to the confer­ Mr. MUNDT. Mr. President, will the Texas. ence report, because the Senator has Senator yield? Mr. CONNALLY. No; I am not avail­ given us an interpretation, and I have Mr. CONNALLY. I yield. able. great respect for his judgment and for Mr. MUNDT. Will the Senator tell Mr. DONNELL. There is no need on his interpretation. me whether the amendment offered by the part of our Government to guaran­ Mr. CONNALLY. I thank the Sena­ the junior Senator from South Dakota tee investors that ·they will not be de­ tor. The Senator. from Missouri, I think, and accepted by the Senate, to the ef­ prived of their property without prompt, is somewhat unduly alarmed. The lan­ fect that the personnel must be investi­ adequate, and effective compensation. guage is as fallows: gated by the FBI before being employed, Mr. CONNALLY. In the conference In the case of investment this involves has been retained? we resisted any such idea. confidence on the part of the people of the Mr. CONNALLY. I will say to the Mr. DONNELL. Any idea that we are underdeveloped arei:i.£ that investors will con­ Senator that it has been retained. either morally or legally binding our­ serve as well as develop local resources, will Mr. DONNELL. Mr. President, will selves to such a guaranty? bear a fair share of local taxes, and observe the Senator yield for a question? Mr. CONNALLY. That is correct. local- laws, and will provide adequate wages Mr. CONNALLY. I yield. Gf course, what may follow after we and woz:king conditions for local labor. Mr. DONNELL. I note in section 402, create this fine climate, I do not know. That means that it simply contem­ under title IV, appearing on page 8 of Treaties might be made, but there is no plates a favorable and friendly attitude, the printed conference report, language authority in the bill to do that. if they will obey the laws of the country, referring to technical assistance, capi­ Mr. DONNELL. Mr. President, will pay their local taxes, and will conserve tal investment, and so forth, and I the Senator yield for one or two brief and develop local resources. There is should like to a!k the Senator a ques­ observations? nothing wrong there. tion about it. In the last sentence of Mr. CONNALLY. I yield. I do not know what is the high-falutin subdivision f its provisions got into the bill. - that Food and Agriculture and World pursuant to the authorization contained in In the first place, the discussion of Health are not subordinate because they subsection (a), to the International Chil· point 4 came up because the Senate con- 1950 CONGRESSIONAL- RECORD-- SENATE 7507 f erees were opposed to fixing guaranties, :Mr.- SMITH of New Jersey. The best incentive for business to go to other coun­ under ECA or otherwise, to any business I can do is to use the language of the tries and invest funds for the develop­ enterprise which wanted to go abroad House conferees, and s&,y that it is to ment of underdeveloped areas, or areas and do business there. create a climate which will be favorable where there is need for dollars. We de­ In the Senate versfon of the bill we to American business, so as to induce sire to give assurance that the United · merely provided for technical assistance them to invest in these countries, and States is interested in its citizens who for a period limited to the life of ECA, take off us the burden of making grants. may desire to invest in other countries. which was to 1952, and 2 years beyond I can say to the Senator from Colo­ Mr. MILLIKIN. The distinguished that, making it 1954 or 1955. rado that so far as I am concerned I Senator is thoroughly aware of the fact When we met with the House con­ .felt that this whole program had to do that the Russell amendment has been ferees we found their object was to limit with the objectives of ECA. I was in eliminated, is he not? the bill to the other assistance, to which favor of not putting this new program · Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. I am not they added the provision for what they in. I was in favor of the short-term sure it has been eliminated. I do not re­ called favorable climate for business en­ technical-aid program. But we made a call what the language of the Russell terprises which might go abroad, which compromise with the House conferees, amendment was, but I read from section might relieve the United States of mak­ because they were insistent on certain . 416, subparagraph (b): ing crants for dollar aid because of the guaranties in the early p:ut of the bill, Nothing in this title is intended nor shall amount private enterprise might be in­ and we finally agreed to leave in the pro­ it be construed as an expressed or implied duced to put into business, thereby re­ visions to create this climate, if they commitment to provide any specific assist­ lieving the dollar situation. would take out the guaranties which we ance, whether of funds, commodities, or serv­ The House conferees insisted on the were opposing. ices, to any country or countries, or to any House provision, and I may say for my Mr. MILLIKIN. Coming back to the international organization. colleagues on this side that the provi­ climate, what does it consist of? Mr. MILLIKIN. That does not re­ sions for the encouragement of foreign Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. It merely quire our agents to bring to the specific investment were inserted by the House consists of a little further definition of attention of the beneficiary the infor­ in collaboration with a number of Sen­ the relations between the United States mation that there is no obligation of any ators from this side. The Senator from and Brazil, which the Senator used as kind. Massachusetts .[Mr. SALTONSTALL] and an example, for the protection of a busi­ Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. I do not Mr. HERTER, of Massachusetts, in the ness investor going into foreign countries. quite understand the statement of the House, were interested. In fact, it was Mr. MILLIKIN. Does the bill itself Senator. largely inspired by the Massachusetts give those advantages to him? Mr. MILLIKIN. The Russell amend­ representatives in the House and Sen­ Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. It merely ment was intended to make it very clear, ate, on the theory that a favorable cli­ provides that bilateral agreements may by direct representation to every bene­ mate presented for business to go be made to create such a climate as will ficiary, that giving this technical as­ abroad might relieve the burdens in the enable him to have greater protection sistance would not carry any other im­ future on ECA. However, there is not from the government than otherwise he plication, and this language does not do a word in the bill about any guaranty would have. that. of any sort or description. Mr. MILLIKIN. That is, in the future Mr. CONNALLY. Did the Senator Mr. MILLIKIN. Mr. President, will something might ha,ppen by way of a read section 416 (b)? the Senator yield? private bilateral agreement, or other­ Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. I just Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. I yield. wise, whereby something favorable might read it. Mr. MILLIKIN. What, then, is the happen. Is that what it amounts to? Mr. CONNALLY. It is not as com­ purpose of this language in the report? Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. No; I prehensive, probably, as the amendment If it does not do anything, how does do not think that is a fair statement. of the Senator from Georgia, but it cer­ it create a favorable climate? Mr. MILLIKIN. How does this lan­ tainly hits the nail on the head because Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. I think guage help the American investor? it says: that if the Senator ·will really read it Mr. SMITH of New Jerse~. If the with care, he will see what the attempt Senator from Colorado were an Ameri­ Nothing- is, namely, to create a climate, by bi­ can investor wanting to invest, we will That does not mean "something," it lateral agreements with countries to say, in the Far East, let us say in Indo­ n1eans "nothing"- which our investors want to go. nesia, I think he would feel some security Nothing in this title- Mr. MILLIKIN.. Is the Senator now if the .United States Government were saying that this bill in its present form willing to make an agreement with In­ And this is the only title it refers to, does lay a foundation for that? donesia by which the Indonesian Gov­ so that it canno_t mean any other title­ Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. I think ernment agreed that the Senator from Nothing in this title is intended nor shall this bill does lay a foundation for that, Colorado, as a businessman, might have it be construed- if during the life of ECA private citizens certain protections in going into that country and starting a business. That means it uoes not intend to do it, desire to go to a foreign country and but if it is done without the intention of invest their money. Mr. MILLIKIN. Now I am getting to what I want to find out. Does the bill having it done, it shall not be so con­ Mr. MILLIKIN. What does it do for strued- such persons? The Senator is a mem­ give me that protection? ber of the committee, and he should be Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. The bill as an ex"pressed or implied ·e:ommitment- able to tell me. I am asking the ques­ provides for protecting the Senator from If anyone makes an express commit­ tion. What does it do for such persons? Colorado in investing his funds. ment, that is one thing, and it is not Let us assume the distinguished Senator Mr. MILLIKIN. Under this authority applicable here. If one makes an .im­ from Wisconsin [Mr. WILEY], who sits there would be an effort to make agree­ plied commitment, that is another thirig, before me, desires to start· a busiriess in ments, would there? and it is not applicable. There can be Brazil. What does the bill do for him? Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Agree­ neither an expressed nor an implied Mr. WILEY. Mr. President- ments with the countries concerned, to commitment. Mr. MILLIKIN." I am not talking give the protection provided for in the Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. The Sen­ ~bout Brazil nuts. [Laughter. J bill. ator will recall-- Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. It prevents Mr. MILLIKIN. Then this is the be­ Mr. CONNALl.Y. Just a moment. I abuse of the investor. It protects him ginning of the point 4 program, is it not? continue- against undue discrimination. Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. I think it to provide any specific assistance, whether Mr. MILLIKIN. Does it establish such is fair to say that. I would say also that of funds- an obligation on the part of the Govern­ it adds to the technical-assistance pro­ ment? gram. Th~ House has been working for They cannot get any money under it, Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. No. over a year, with the collaboration of not a cent, not a dime, not a nickel, not Mr. :MILLIKIN.· Then, what· is the some Senators, ori a program setting-up a quarter- use of it? a p!an of this kind so as to furnish an whether of funds, commodities- 7508 'CONGRESSIONAI.; RECORn-SENATE MAY 23 No food, no clothes, ·no shoes, no hats, the ECA funds would not have to be American investor. We have been fol­ no furniture, no nothing in the way of used in the form of dollars given by the lowing diplomatic processes all over the commodities- Government, but as we hoped, funds world for years and years to protect the or services- could be provided by private investment. American investor. He is not protected. Mr. MILLIKIN. Mr. President, will If anyone raises serious question about They cannot make a man work, can­ the Senator yield? that I will bring: cases to the Senate not give him ~ job-- Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. I yield. which will stack up that high [indicat­ to any country or countries, or to any inter­ Mr. MILLIKIN. This matter came ing). or even higher. national organization. to the Senate in the relatively simpli­ Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Am I to If that does not cover the landscape, fied form which it took after 2 days gather that the Senator takes the posi­ I do not know what could. of hearings before the Senate Foreign tion that we should off er no protection, Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Mr. Presi­ Relations Committee. We were assured no encouragement, no inducement of dent, the,Senator will recall that in our that it was a simple little thing; that any kind, nature or description, for discussion of this matter we talked it we did not need to become alarmed about Americans to invest abroad in these over quite fully, and we agreed we could it; that it contained no larger impli­ troublous times? not make the language any clearer or cations. Now, by the testimony of the Mr. MILLIKIN. I would take the po­ more distinct than it is. I am not quite Senator from New Jersey, as well as the sition that the foreign country is the ar­ clear as to the point made by the Senator Senator from Massachusetts, we are em­ biter of whether our money is safe with­ from Colorado. barked at the beginning with full point in its boundaries, and that we should not Mr. MILLIKIN. I think I explained 4. Does the Senator believe that we supply weaknesses in the programs of my point, when I spoke -of the Russell should go into a program of that kind the foreign countries. We should not amendment. The amendment of _the on the basis of a conference report? absorb their weaknesses. We should say Senator from Georgia required that Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. I do not to foreign countries that if they want every agreement would have to tell every quite agree that that is the case, because American investments, through their beneficiary in express terms that he must the House conducted long and extended own internal management, through their not figure on anything else than what debates 0:1 the subject; it was in the own internal treatments of our money, was plainly stated there. The Senator House bill, and the House conferees in­ · they must be fair to our investors; that from Georgia [Mr. RussELL] a short sisted upon it as a condition for taking our banks are bulging with money ready while ago made it very clear that he is · out the guaranties to which we would for venture capital and it will flow there · not satisfied with the elimination of his not consent. I will admit that in agree­ whenever the investors receive that sort amendment. ing to the report, in spite of the fact of of guaranty; but the burden of guar­ I bring to the Senator's attention a being opposed to the change, I could anties should fall not upon the Amer­ clause which was in the Russell amenc,i­ not find anything in it to indicate that ican taxpayer. ment, which had a strong appeal to me we are embarking upon a series of com­ Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. In these as having curative value for the defects mitments, as the Senator from Texas provisions I can find no case in which of the original bill; and that was the 5- has said. We are simply indicating that the guaranty would fall upon the year term. The Senator from Texas tells if private citizens want to invest funds American taxpayer. There is no such me that the 5-year term is out of the bill, in other countries before the end of the thing in the bill as the Senator has just 5 years, or even after, it is the policy to described. We have made no commit­ which carries implications of perman­ enter into agreements with Indonesia or ments. We are saying to the other gov­ ency which the Senator assured me were with Burma or with other countries, ernments, "You must make an agree­ not present. What has the Senator from whereby we try to protect the invest­ New Jersey to say about that? ment with us to protect our people by ments against abuses that might occur~ offering the necesary atmosphere for suc­ Mr. SMITH of New Jersey: What I We do not guarantee a thing. We sim­ cessful investment.'' have tried to explain to my colleagues ply try to create a climate between these Mr. MILLIKIN. Then I suggest that in the Senate is that the bill which went countries and the United States which the Senator has· o~ered nothing. . to the conferees in just the form in which is favorable, so that if the Senator from Mr. KEM. Mr. President, will the we passed it, contained the 5-year term. Colorado might want to build a power · Senator yield? We had discussions with the conferees plant-and I know how imaginative Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. i yield. on the part of the House. The technical Colorado people are-or invest in a Mr. KEM. I should like to receive a assistance program is still a part of the power plant in Indonesia, his invest­ little more information about the inter­ bill. ment would be protected. He would not governmental agreements referred to in Mr. MILLIKIN. But not the 5-year make such an investment unless the subparagraph (c) of section 402. Are limitation. Government of the United States said ta these agreements treaties, or are _they Mr. SMITH of New -Jersey. Not the Indonesia, "If Senator MILLIKIN goes to executive agreements, or are they 5-year limitation. But the provisions your country with )lis friends and capi­ neither? of the bill themselves obviously will come tal, we expect to have him treated as Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. If the to an end when the whole program stops, other people should be treated in deal­ Senator will look at section 405 he will except for commitments which may have ing with matters of that kind, and we see what they are. Section 402 contains been made to carry out treaties. We will expect the usual international preliminary :findings. Paragraph of have limited those commitme:sts, as the courtesy." section 402 contains · findings that we Senator knows, to a 3-year period. - Mr. MILLIKIN. If the Senator from need confidence on the part of investors, Mr. MILLIKIN. That is a progres­ Colorado went into Indonesia with his and so forth, if they are to go into other sive matter, as the life of the bill goes on. money, he would expect to take the risks countries and invest their funds. Sec­ Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Yes. It of the venture and not ask the Ameri­ tion 405, as I recall-- 1s my own construction that it would can taxpayers to assume them. , Mr. KEM. I refer to paragraph (e) of have been wiser if we had held out Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. If the that section. against the House conferees on that Senator from Colorado went there he Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. That point. _ would take the risks, of course, and this paragraph provides: Mr. MILLIKIN. Oh, wise indeed is bill would let him take the risks, ..but To make and perform contracts or agree­ the Senator from New Jersey. under the bill he would receive the usual ments in respect of technical cooperatron .Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. That was international amenities, such as are programs- my own desire originally. But when .it given by his own Government, and have came to agreeing with the conferees on some assurance that the country in And so fo1·th. We find in section 407 the part of the House, we gat them to which he made his investment would the following: · give up all the guaranties to which we protect him in the usual way from un- In carrying out the programs authorized in objected, to which I would not consent-­ due taxes, and so forth. · section 405 of this title- I was opposed to guaranties of any Mr. MILLIKIN. I merely make the And there are certain paragraphs in­ kind-and we gave up our position as observation that the Senator has held dicating the kind of things we would to private investments, to the end that out the most barren sort of help to the expect to have incorporated in the 1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 7509 agreements in order to protect the in­ · Mr. . KEM. Does, the conference re­ a::;reement made by the executive branch vestor: .. port contemplate - any - executory com­ .of the Government· would be valid and Mr. KEM. When the agreement is mitments on the part of the United binding? made is it subject to approval by the States? Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. So far as Senate? Is the advice and consent of . Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. . With that .I am concerned, as a member of the the Senate necessary in order that it question in mind, I would have to read Foreign Relations Committee, if such an shall become effective? the conference report very ·car.efully, in agreement came before the committee, Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. I should order to see. · I .did not · have in· mind .I can. assure the Senator-although I . think if the program is app:wved, the that there are any commitments which cannot necessarily commit my col-: President, under this program, would be concerned me. Jeagues-that I would be definitely op­ authorized to make agreements which - · Mr. KEM. Assuming that the con­ posed to any agreement proposing to .met the simple conditions .provided· in ference. report . does involve executory .give. technical assistance .to any of. the the bill. In it there are no commitments commitments .on the -part of the United Communist countries or satellites. by us in any way, shape, or manner. The States, should· not such -agreements or . Mr. KEM. But the Senator from New ·bm simply indicates the kind of a set-up commitments be· made with the ·advice .Jer.sey will agree, will he, that the trouble ·we would ask of · a · foreign country, and consent· of -the· Senate, under the was that the transactions at Yalta· and ·especially an undeveloped country; the Constitution?.- , . _at Potsdam never. came before the· For­ kind· of. things we •would .expect such a · Mr. SMITH of. New. Jersey.. - If it took eign Relations Committee? country·to do. We would expect it to the form of-a -- treaty with another coun .. .. - Mr. SMITH -of New Jersey. I know ·enter into an agreement with our coun­ try, ·certainly it should; there can be no that, and-I-continue to be critical of that. ·try that· if' the distinguished, Senator douht abeut that. , . · Mr. KEM. Should not a . burnt -child ·from Missouri, to use his case as an ·illus­ . lli, KEM _ If i-t . took. the f.orm p.f .an a-void .the, :fire·? , .· · ------tra tion, as I previously did .with respect .executory .agreement,, it would - requir~ .- - Mr.· SMITH. of New .Jersey.. . 0.f..cour-se to the Senator from Colorado, wants .to action.. on the part of both , Houses of a burnLchild,should.a.veid .the fire. , · , make an investment in a country,,_and I CongFess, would it .not.?. -. _ . - -Mr.-KEM. - So should -not we do an-we ·make · mention of the new , Republic of Mr. SMITH of New Jersey, I may say can .tQ prevent .the.occurr.ence:..of; similar ·Indonesia, or, let us say: Korea, which to the distinguished Senator- f.rom , Mis­ transactions under the provisions of. this -is a sort of a protectorate of ours-if sou:r:i that I have juat.been.advised.. that measur.e? ... - . · .the Senator. should· go there to do busi­ the pending· agreement with Ur.ugu~y i_~ _- .Mr ..SMlTH of.New Jersey. But.it has ness .we w.ould expect the- Korear,is or de-finitely. a treaty. Our commjttee !).as n.ever occurred to me that . any of the .the Indonesians, .as the· case might be, reported it favorably. It will be be:fore provisions of this measure would be used to make a reasonable·contr.act involving the Senate presently for r~tification by to aid Communist countries. _.. _. these points. two-thirds of the Members.of .the Senate . Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President, Mr. KEM. Would such contracts be as a treaty...... will the Sena~or yield?. . binding upon the United States· without I assume that these.agreem.ents.w.ill be . '- Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. . I yield. ·any further -intervention on the part of in the same form as that one. Mr. SALTONSTALL. I wish to call Congress?· · Mr. KEM. May.the Congress rely upon attention to section .402 (a)' of.the con­ Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. I do not that in connection with its vote on this ference report, particularly the first believe ·the Senator· wHI find· any obliga­ me~ure-namely, that under.this meas­ sentence. That seems to me to .make it tions that commit the United States in ure the executive branch of.the Gover.n­ :very difficult to ·conceive that. this meas­ any way in dollars or cents or · com­ ment will not undertake to make any ure could be used to aid countries behind modities~ ·We have distinctly said we are agreements which are not brought-to the the iron curtain. not committed in such manner. attention of the Senate in the form of a Mr. KEM. That is the sentence which Mr. KEM. What is the use of making treaty? · puts me on my guard.· It reads: ·contracts if nothing is gained thereby? Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. I would The peoples of the United States and other say tha~ if any treaties on the part of n~ions have a common interest in the free­ Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. The con­ the United· States were involved, that dO'fn and in the economic and social progress tracts are to protect the investor. would be the way to deal with them. bf all peoples. Mr. KEM. Are they unilateral con­ However, I would have to study the tracts, binding the· other party, but not In other words, that provision includes binding us to anything? conference.report further in order to be equally the peoples behind the iron cur­ able to answer in detail the Senator's· tain and the peoples in front of the iron Mr. SMITH. of New Jersey. The bill question. would create the climate under which curtain. That is what that language Mr. KEM. Under the terms of the means; it means all the peoples of the our investors 'would invest · in foreign conference report, would the executive world. · countries. I think we are doing a: ·great branch of the Government be authorized deal for those countries . . I consider that . Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President, to make an agreement to extend techni­ will the Senator yield further? to be a good consideration for the agree­ cal assistance to a country behind the ment which might be made. This is the Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. I am glad kind of · thing we have just done in a iron curtain? to yield. bilateral contract with Uruguay. This Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Possibly Mr. SALTONSTALL. I would con­ type of agreement has been· just the language of the conference report strue that language to· m~an free peoples approved. · might · be construed in that way; but and peopl_es who have a common interest I know from the conversations we had in in freedom. Mr. KEM. Do I correctly understand the conference committee that the idea I agree with the Senator from Missouri that the contract is wholly' executed on was that the entire purpose of extending· that, in a technical sense, he has read the part of the United States, and that technical assistance was to help coun­ correctly that portion of the conference thele are no executory provisions on our tries which are resisting Communist in­ report. · part at all? filtration, just as we used the ECA funds . Mr. MILLIKIN. Mr. President, will Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. I think in the case of the cooperating countries the Senator yield, to permit me to ask a the whole program involves reciprocal in Europe to prevent the furtherance question of the Senator from Massachu­ benefits to both the United States and of the Communist movement. setts? the countries on the other side, but not Mr; KEM. Having in mind that the Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. I am glad in the form of dollar-and-cents com­ executive branch of the Government has to yield to the Senator for that purpose, mitments, to judge from anything I in the -past-for instance, at Potsdam­ if I may receive consent to do so. could find by reading the conference made with countries behind the iron The VICE PRESIDENT. Without ob­ report. In reading it, I do not see that curtain certain agreements which added jection, consent is granted. •anything so terrible is proposed on the greatly to their political and economic Mr. MILLIKIN. Mr. ·President, Will part of the United States. resources, should not the elected repre­ the distinguished Senator from Mas­ · I would say that I was favorably dis­ sentatives of the people of the United sachusetts please tell us what are the posed to this proposal as, an action on States in this case safeguard the peo­ "free peoples" of the "underdeveloped our part·in the ECA era. ples' rights, to the extent that no such areas of the world"? 7510 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MAY 23 Mr. SALTONSTALL. In response to -Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Mr. Pres­ Mr. SMI'l'H of New Jersey. Mr. Presi­ the question by the very distinguished ident, we should read ihe entire sentence, dent, it is always a pleasure for me to Senator from Colorado, who always as follows: yield to the Senator from Massachusetts. phrases his questiops most carefully and The peoples of the United States and other Mr. SALTONSTALL. It seemed to me· to ·his best advantage, I would say that I nations have a common interest 1n the free­ that perhaps there was one thought· the would conceive that perhaps idealis­ dom and in the economic and·social progress Senator from New Jersey, with whose tically all people want to be free. Cer­ ot all peoples. · point of view I am in accord, could have tainly there are many underdeveloped added with respect to the idea of creat­ I will stand by that, and I am sure th~ people today-- Senator from Missouri will, too. ing a favorable atmosphere so as to Mr. MILLIKIN. The conference re~ Mr. KEM. Yes; but it. seems to me that enable private investors to put their port, which is proposed to be enacted into Under that language the President would funds in other countries. While I agree law, does not refer to "people who want be fully justified in saying, "I am going to we do not off er muc)l, if anything, though to be free." try to free some of the countries behind it is a start or a preliminary suggestion My question is, Who are the "free peo­ the iron curtain, so I will extend them for working out this problem, yet there ples" of the "underdeveloped areas of some technological assistance under the is an underlying thought which certainly the world"? terms of the ECA Act of 1950." is in the back of my mind and is in my Mr. SALTONSTALL. Indonesia is an The question I have asked of the dis­ heart today. That is our own security­ example of what I mean. tinguished Senator from New Jersey is the security Qf our own people in this Mr. MILLIKIN. Would the Senator this: Is it the intention of the Congress country. We know that our own security say that the people of Indonesia are a to permit the President to do that, if he will be promoted by building up other sees fit? ' nations whose peoples are animated by free people? the desire to be free and to lead a better Mr. SALTONSTALL. They are people Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Mr. Presi­ existence. If through bilateral agree­ who are attempting at the present time dent, the Senator from Missouri knows ments we can properly encourage our with their very lives, and in accordance that so far as the ECA Act is concerned~ citizens who have the funds to invest, with the entire background of their his­ it is limited to the ECA cooperating coun­ to go into those countries in the proper tory of the past f e')V years, to help them­ tries. atmosphere, we are then building up se­ selves. Mr. KEM. Yes. curity for our own people, our own chil­ Mr. MILLIKIN. Would the Senator Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. We have dren, and their children in this country. from Massachusetts say that the people not gone beyond that, so far as I know. That is the real motive behind it. of the countries of Africa are ''free peo­ Some implications of the sort the Sen­ Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Of course, ples"? ator from Missouri has suggested may be I agree with the Senator about that, and Mr. SALTONSTALL. I would say that drawn from the language of the confer­ of course my own experience last year was a question which was more abstruse. ence report; but of course we had no pur­ in the Far East gave rise to that very Mr. MllµKIN. Would the Senator pose or intention of that sort. Certainly thought. What do those people want? say that the people on the southern any bilateral agreement which would be They want help so they can get on their shores of the Mediterranean Sea, going made would not be made, so far as I can own feet and rid themselves of the -old over toward Persia and Arabia, are free see, with any of the satellite countries or imperialism and the old colonialisms and peoples? any of the iron curtain countries or any be free. That, it seems to me, is the countries that deny people their freedom. Mr. SALTONSTALL. I would say that spirit of what we are trying to do here. in that area there are countries-Libya, We do not consider that the satellite As I say, I originally felt that this for instance-which, with our help, have countries are countries where people are proposal sho.uld not be tied into the been making tremendous progress. free, and we do not propose to help coun­ pending ECA bill, but should be regarded tries where people are not free. Mr. MILLIKIN. The term "free peo­ as something for the future. But I ples" is another climatic term, is it not? Mr. KEM. Mr. President, will the Sen­ found nothing in it that was in any way­ ator yield further? · detrimental or threatening, or calculated Mr. SALTONSTALL. No; the S Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. I yield. ator is wrong. It is an idealistic term. to carry it beyond anything we have done Mr. KEM. The Senator from New before. I did not write the bill. I may Mr. MILLIKIN. It is full of obscur­ Jersey does not mean to suggest, does he, say to the Senator from Colorado, per­ ing smog, is it not? that title IV is confined to the Marshall­ haps there are more words in the pro­ Mr. McMAHON. Mr. President, will plan countries? vision than are necessary, but the spirit the Senator yield to me? Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. When we back of it is that of helpfulness to those Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Mr. Prest- discussed this, the matter, ·it was our who need help by the use of private . dent, I should like to say to the Senator thought that we would move in the di­ funds. from Colorado that I do not find in this rection, primarily, of dealing with the Mr. SALTONSTALL. And it is for title of the conference report the expres­ southeast Asia situation, for instance, the benefit of the security of the people sion "free peoples of the underdeveloped the situation in Indonesia, the situation of the United States. areas of the world." So I wonder where in Burma, and so forth, where, if the Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Abso­ the Senator gets that term. people are helped by that means, not by lutely. That is vital in the whole pic­ Mr. MILLIKIN. The Senator from force of arms, they might be aided in ture. The whole ECA program is built Massachusetts used that phrase. resisting the tide of communism. around security; We would not have Mr. KEM. Mr. President, I should like Mr. KEM. The Senator from New been going beyond a humanitarian effort, to invite attention to the fact that the Jersey will agree, will he not, that that· had it not b~en for that. conference report, in title IV, refers to would not include the countries in Eu­ Mr. MILLIKIN and Mr. HUNT ad­ "all peoples." rope behind the iron curtain? dressed the Chair. The VICE PRESIDENT. Does the Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Yes. We The VICE PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from New .Jersey yield; and if so, also had in mind countries in South Senator from New Jersey yield; and if to whom? America, and so forth-in other words, so, to whom? Mr. KEM. Mr. President, will the countries where there is danger of the Mr. SMITH of Ne\v Jersey. I am going Senator yield to me? infiltration of Communist ideas. to yield the floor, after I finish with the Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. I yield. Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President, Senator from Colorado. will the Senator yield? · Mr. MILLI~IN. The Senator has Mr. KEM. Let me invite the attention been very generous and very helpful. of the Senator from New Jersey to the· Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Yes, al­ fact that in the first line of section 402 though I was about to yield the floor. CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGE OVER THE (a) of the conference report, in title IV, Mr. SALTONSTALL. I should like ANACOSTIA RIVER FROM EAST CAPITOL . we find the fallowing: to ask a question in connection with a STREET in the economic and social progress of all question which was asked a few minutes Mr. HUNT. Mr. President, I ask unan­ peoples. ago. imous consent, out of order, for the im- 1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-- SENATE 7511

mediate consideration of House-bill 7341, The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there. ob­ They ar~ most appropriate for the beautl· Calendar No. 1574. jection to the present consideration of ful ceremony of massing the colors. The VICE PJ.=?,ESIPENT. The Sacre· the bill? They' form an impressive setting for the reverent tribute we pay today to the memory tary will state the bill by title. There· being no obje~i;i on, the Senate of· heroes who gave their Iives in defense The CHIEF CLERK._ A bill (H. R: 7341) proceeded to consider the b~ll (H. R. of their country and their flag. to authorize and direct the Commission­ 7341) to :mthorize and direct the Com­ We are so fortunate that the United States, ers of the District o,f Columbia to con­ missioners of the District of Columbia from earliest colonial times, h as been the struct a bridge over the Anacostia River to construct a bridge over the Anacostia home of deeply religious people. in the vicinity of Ea&t Capitol Street, arid River in the vicinity of East Capitol Men of God shared the hardships of the for other purposes. Street, and for other purposes, which pioneers. They braved the wilderness and crossed the mountains with the trappers, The VICE PRESIDENT . . Is there ob­ had been reported by the Committee on tradesmen, and settlers who pushed forward jection? the District of Columbia with amend~ the western advance of our frontiers. Mr. SALTONSTALL. Reserving the ments, on page 1, line 5, to strike out We have always recognized the importance right to object, I should like to ask the the word "line" and inse.rt "vicinity"; of religion in the armed services by having Senator from Wyoming one or two ques­ on page 2, after line 2. to insert: "The chaplains of every denomination. tions. He has called my attention to Commissioners of the District of Colum­ Woven into the strong fabric of our na­ this bill. It involves the authorization bia, for a right· of-way of ad€quate w~dth tional existence there are bright threads of thrift, sacrifice, tolerance, peace, good will, of a new bridge over the Anacostia River t J proceed to acquire sufficient land and love of God. at an ultimate expense of $12,000,000. along, or in close proximity to, Kenil­ As we give thought to the glorious pageant There are several amendments. This is worth Avenue in the District of Colum­ of our Nation's history we are impelled to a late hour in the Senate. We have not bia 9,re further authorized 9,nd directed ask: had a quorum. What assurance can the for the. construction of a controlled ac­ Why has America made greater progress, Senator give me that there is no objec­ cess road to intetconnect the Washing­ in less than 200 years, than any other nation tion on either side of the aisle to an im­ ton-Annapolis Freeway and the Balti­ since the world began? portant measure of this kind? I realize more-Washington Parkway with said What made it possible for a little group of sparsely populated colonies on the Atlantic the need for speedy action. bridge and its east approaches at or near coast to expand their territory to the slopes Mr. HUNT. I thank the Senator from the point where Kenilworth Avenue, if of the Pacific? Massachusetts for asking that question, extended, would intersect said bridg~ and Why were we able to build an industrial and I beg to advise him that first, of its east approaches"; and on page 3, empire without equal in all history? course, the bill has passed the House. It line 23, after the word "Commission" to Why does our commerce extend to every has been acted upon by the subcommittee insert "and the Commission of Fine corner of the world? of the Committee on the District of Arts". Why does our population, now multiplied Columbia, and was reported unanimous­ The amendments were agreed to. 30 times, enjoy the best living standards ly .by the full committee. It is approved end the highest cultural level of any people The amendments were ordered to be in the world? by the National Park Service, the District engrossed and the bill to be read a third Why were we able to build churches, Commissioners, the Bureau of the Budg­ time. schools, hospitals, research institutions, and et, the Bureau of :public Roads, and the The bill was read a third time and centers of art and music for the benefit National Capital Park and Planning passed. of all? Commission, and in respect to design it The answers may be found in the spiritual IDEALS FOR AMER~CAN LIBERTY AND strength and character of our people, th0ir will be passed upon by the Commission of INDEPENDENCE Fine Arts. I think I can very honestly love of freedom and their willingness to work say to the distinguished Senator from Mr. HENDRICKSON. Mr. President, and sacrifice. on last Sunday, May 21, the citizens of Patriotic Americans have always been Massachusetts that there is absolutely no proud of their allegiance to this great coun­ objection to this bill on the part of any­ this great Capital City gathered to mass try. They have always been willing to fight one, so far as I know. The urgency of it the colors at the Washington Cathedral for ·it. I am sure the Senator understands. and to honor the men and women of the They have never considered it a sign of Mr. HENDRICKSON. Mr. President, Nation who have fought and sacrificed weak'ness to acknowledge their dependence will the Senator yield? · for the ideals of American liberty and upon God. Mr. HUNT. I am glad to yield to the independence, and, in so doing, to reded. These reasons were summarized by a great icate themselves to the things of God. historian when he was asked: Senator from New Jersey. "Why has North America made so much Mr. HENDRICKSON. I should like to The principal address on that occasion greater progress than South America?" say as a member of the subcommittee was delivered by the distinguished junior He replied that the people who came to that I confirm everything the able Sen· Senator from Pennsylvania [Mr. MAR­ South America were in search of gold while ator from Wyoming has said. The hear· TIN], who is himself an outstanding de­ those who settled North America came in ings were unanimous; that is to -say, fender of his country in peace and war. search of God. everyone was in accord. The need for So inspiring is the message, Mr. Presi­ It is fitting on an occasion such as this dent, that it merits the careful study of to consider our national strength and the the construction of this bridge was well dangers that confront us. established. Even the dispute as to its all Members of the Congress whose de­ Let us, for a moment, take an _accounting location was resolved with complete ac· votion to God and country come first in of our assets and liabilities as a nation. cord on the part of all who were present. their scheme of things. Listed among our assets are 250,000 Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President, Therefore, Mr. President, I ask unani­ churches of every. denomination. They are will the Senator yield further? mous consent to have incorporated in in the great cities. They are in the moun­ Mr. HUNT. I yield. the RECORD at this point in my remarks tain valleys. They are on the hill tops. Mr. SALTONSTALL. Will the Sen­ the address delivered by the Senator They are constructed of granite, of stone, ator from New Jersey state that so far of brick, and of wood. Some log churches from Pennsylvania. still serve as houses of worship. as he knows there is no objection by any There being no objection, the address We give more for humanitarian purposes, Senator on this side of the aisle. so that was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, to the Red Cross, to research foundations, to in his op~nion no one's rights are being as follows: hospitals, and for higher education than all infringed upon? We meet today in one of the world's finest other nations combined. Mr. HENDRICKSON. Mr. President. buildings, dedicated to the glory of God. We send our missionaries to preach the I gladly state that there was no objec­ We meet in the most beautiful capital city word of God to all the distant islands of the tion on the part of anyone, either on tbe of the earth, in the greatest Nation of all seas. opposite side of the aisle or on this side time. We have a diversity" of industry, agricul­ of the aisle, or on the part of anyone in We are honored by the presence of groups ture, and transportation greater than was ever dreamed of by the most optimistic a the District of Columbia, or outside th~ of men and women who have fought and sac~ rificed for the ideals of American liberty and half century ago. District. independence. We have developed the rich natural re­ Mr. SALTONSTALL. There is nQ We meet on the holy day of the Sabbath. sources of our country for the benefit of all question that there is a great need for There ls great patriotic and religious slg.,. manltind. this iJridge. · nificance in these inspiring circumstances of More homes, more life-insurance policies, Nir. HUNT. It is urgently nee<:}ed. time and place. and more savings accounts are owned by o-ur 7512 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MAY 23 people than those of any other nation on 7. Americans must live as Americans. Mr. MALONE. I shall be happy to yield earth. There can be no divided allegiance. Sub­ ff I do not lose my right to the floor. Our scientists, inventors, and technicians versive action must not be tolerated. Mr. SALTONSTALL. I would re­ are daily devising new methods to aid in 8. Let us continue to be a God-loving peo­ production and to make living conditions ple. Let us fill the churches of every de• ·spectfully inform the Senator froh1 more pleasant. nomination. Let us preach righteousness, Texas that I believe there will he several We are pouring out billions of dollars to truth, tolerance, hard work, thrift, and the more speeches tomorrow, and perhaps it restore stability to the free nations of the love of God. would be better if we all started off fresh. world and to help them resist the advance 9. Let us work for peace and good will but I wonder if the Senator from Texas will of godless and churchless communism. let us maintain our material, physical, and not withdraw his objection to the Sen­ That is a wonderful list of achievements. spiritual strength. ator from Nevada proceeding tomorrow. We have a right to be proud of them. No one wants war, and no one is ready for Now what is there on the liability side? war. But unfortunately, those working for I have been informed that at least two We have allowed our material progress peace do not seem to be strong enough in the other Senators on this side of the aisle to advance beyond our gains in spiritual spirit to carry us to that desired end. expect to speak on the subject tomor­ strength. What we need here at home is to keep sol­ row. So I do not think we shall save We have allowed envy, greed, selfishness, vent, work hard and have faith in ourselves. any particular amount of time if the and lust for power to blind us to the eternal Let us live in peace and righteousness with Senator from Nevada proceeds at this laws of God. each other and with prayer spread those We have been indifferent toward law eva­ ideals throughout the world. · time. sion, racketeering, chiseling, and other cor­ On this beautiful occasion, with the mass­ Mr. CONNALLY. I was not objecting rupt results of the desire for an easy way ing of our colors in commemoration of the on the ground of saving time. I was of life. honored dead of all wars, let us rededicate objecting on a question of policy, agree­ We are asking government to do many our lives to our country and our God. ing today what shall be done tomorrow~ things for us that we should do for our­ Let us resolve that this Nation, founded The rule is that the Chair shall give selves. We expect the Government to guar­ to sustain the God-giv~n liberty of the in­ recognition to whatever Senator first antee our loans, support prices for our prod­ dividual, will not perish from the earth but ucts, build our homes, and take care of our will live forever and become stronger as the addresses the Chair. I have no doubt personal needs. generations pass. that if the Senator from Nevada will Too many of us have begun to feel that In making this resolve we must remem­ keep that in mind he will get the floor government can plan better than God. ber that God remains unchanged. tomorrow. I do not intend to object. I Let us · look briefly at some actual con­ We must move ahead with faith in God think the Senator would be better off if ditions. and faith in ourselves. he addressed the Senate tomorrow, We pay too high a price for labor-manage­ FOREIGN ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE ACT OF thereby having more Senators to hear ment controversies. They could be speedily him, than to speak this evening with no settled if each party were governed by 1950 justice, fair play, and honest recognition of one to hear him. I hope he will agree The Senate resumed the consideration to that. the rights of the other. of the report of the committee of confer­ The cost of two recent strikes reached the THE INCONSISTENT ECA (MARSHALL PLAN) staggering total of $3,400,000,000. ence on the disagreeing votes of the two In addition, they inflicted severe hard­ Houses on the amendment of the Senate Mr. MALONE. Mr. President, the ships and suffering upon the families of to the bill