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Women in the United States Congress: 1917-2012
Women in the United States Congress: 1917-2012 Jennifer E. Manning Information Research Specialist Colleen J. Shogan Deputy Director and Senior Specialist November 26, 2012 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL30261 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Women in the United States Congress: 1917-2012 Summary Ninety-four women currently serve in the 112th Congress: 77 in the House (53 Democrats and 24 Republicans) and 17 in the Senate (12 Democrats and 5 Republicans). Ninety-two women were initially sworn in to the 112th Congress, two women Democratic House Members have since resigned, and four others have been elected. This number (94) is lower than the record number of 95 women who were initially elected to the 111th Congress. The first woman elected to Congress was Representative Jeannette Rankin (R-MT, 1917-1919, 1941-1943). The first woman to serve in the Senate was Rebecca Latimer Felton (D-GA). She was appointed in 1922 and served for only one day. A total of 278 women have served in Congress, 178 Democrats and 100 Republicans. Of these women, 239 (153 Democrats, 86 Republicans) have served only in the House of Representatives; 31 (19 Democrats, 12 Republicans) have served only in the Senate; and 8 (6 Democrats, 2 Republicans) have served in both houses. These figures include one non-voting Delegate each from Guam, Hawaii, the District of Columbia, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Currently serving Senator Barbara Mikulski (D-MD) holds the record for length of service by a woman in Congress with 35 years (10 of which were spent in the House). -
Leslie Byrne for Congress « 11216 Waptes Mill Road, Suite *100 TUB " Fairfax, VA 22030
Leslie Byrne for Congress « 11216 Waptes Mill Road, Suite *100 TUB " Fairfax, VA 22030 In the Matter oft Robert A. Rosenberg Scientific ApplicatioApplicationns International Corporation (SAIC) || Connolly for Congress COMPLAINT > S = SS3 1. Leslie Byrne for Congress hereby brings this complaint before the Federal Election Gornpjsslon* g seeking an immediate FEC investigation and enforcement action against Robert Rosenberg, Scientific Applications International Corporation ("SAIC"), Gerry Connolly and Connolly for Congress for direct and serious violations of federal campaignfinanc e law. Complainant 2. Leslie Byrne for Congress is the official organization dedicated to electing Leslie L Byrne of Falls Church, Virginia to the United States House of Representatives from the 11* District of Virginia. 3. SAIC is a defense contractor based in San Diego, California and McLean, Virginia. Robert A. Rosenberg Is the former general manager for Washington Operations for SAIC 4. Connolly for Congress Is the official organization dedicated to electing Gerald E. Connolly of Fairfax, Virginia, a vice-president and Director of Community Relations of SAIC, to the United State House of Representatives from the II111 District of Virginia. Jurisdiction 5. The Commission has the authority to take enforcement action based on a complaint where It finds reason to believe that a person "has committed, or is about to commit, a violation of the law." 2 U.S.C. § 437g(a)(2), 437g(a)(4)(A)(l), 437g(a)(6XA); see also 11 C.F.R. § 111.4<a) ('Any person who believes that a violation -. has occurred or Is about to occur may file a complaint..*) Based on Information and belief, Robert A. -
The 1992Elections in Virginia: a Status Quo State in the Lear Ofchange Part 2
The 1992Elections in Virginia: A Status Quo State in the lear ofChange Part 2. The U. S. House Elections andState Bond Issues ••••• • ••••••••••••••• • • • • • By Larry J. Sabato .......................... Mr. Sabato is Robert Kent Gooch Professor ofGov nearly guaranteed the election ofthe state's first ernment and Foreign Affairs at the University of African-American congressman since John Virginia. Part 1 ofthis article) in the January Mercer Langston served part of a single term 1993 News Letter, discussed Virginias 1992 elec from a Southside district from 1890 to 1891. tion fOr US. president. At the same time, the black voters that the 3rd District annexed from the surrounding Northern 1992 will be Neck 1st, Norfolk-Virginia Beach 2nd, and Cange was the watchword of Election recorded as the Tidewater 4th districts made all three ofthem Day 1992 across the country. But, as befits a year Virginia more white and Republican in nature. tradition-minded state, change came to Virginia elected its first The Southside 5th became somewhat more more incrementally. The elections for the U.S. Democratic with the addition ofthe Charlottes House ofRepresentatives had an unusually ac African-American ville area and the loss of Carroll County and tive nomination season, a result ofredistricting, congressman in this the City ofGalax, while the Roanoke area 6th retirements, and a renewed commitment by century and its first and Southwest 9th changed relatively little. The Republicans to competition. A constitutional radically redesigned 7th, like its numerical pre congresswoman amendment and three general obligation bond decessor, was heavily Republican. While the old issues for capital projects completed Virginia's ever. -
Democratic Change Commission
Report of the Democratic Change Commission Prepared by the DNC Office of Party Affairs and Delegate Selection as staff to the Democratic Change Commission For more information contact: Democratic National Committee 430 South Capitol Street, S.E. Washington, DC 20003 www.democrats.org Report of the Democratic Change Commission TABLE OF CONTENTS Letter of Transmittal ..................................................................................................................1 Introduction and Background ...................................................................................................3 Creation of the Democratic Change Commission DNC Authority over the Delegate Selection Process History of the Democratic Presidential Nominating Process ’72-‘08 Republican Action on their Presidential Nominating Process Commission Meeting Summaries ............................................................................................13 June 2009 Meeting October 2009 Meeting Findings and Recommendations ..............................................................................................17 Timing of the 2012 Presidential Nominating Calendar Reducing Unpledged Delegates Caucuses Appendix ....................................................................................................................................23 Democratic Change Commission Membership Roster Resolution Establishing the Democratic Change Commission Commission Rules of Procedure Public Comments Concerning Change Commission Issues Acknowledgements Report -
Jo Ann Davis LATE a REPRESENTATIVE from VIRGINIA ÷
im Line) Jo Ann Davis LATE A REPRESENTATIVE FROM VIRGINIA ÷ MEMORIAL ADDRESSES AND OTHER TRIBUTES HON. JO ANN DAVIS ÷z 1950–2007 HON. JO ANN DAVIS ÷z 1950–2007 VerDate jan 13 2004 13:30 Mar 26, 2008 Jkt 038150 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 6686 Sfmt 6686 C:\DOCS\JOANN~1\38150.TXT CRS1 PsN: SKAYNE (Trim Line) (Trim Line) Jo Ann Davis VerDate jan 13 2004 13:30 Mar 26, 2008 Jkt 038150 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 6687 Sfmt 6687 C:\DOCS\JOANN~1\38150.TXT CRS1 PsN: SKAYNE 38150.001 (Trim Line) (Trim Line) Memorial Addresses and Other Tributes HELD IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES AND SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES TOGETHER WITH A MEMORIAL SERVICE IN HONOR OF JO ANN DAVIS Late a Representative from Virginia One Hundred Tenth Congress First Session ÷ U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 2008 VerDate jan 13 2004 13:30 Mar 26, 2008 Jkt 038150 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 6687 Sfmt 6686 C:\DOCS\JOANN~1\38150.TXT CRS1 PsN: SKAYNE (Trim Line) (Trim Line) Compiled under the direction of the Joint Committee on Printing VerDate jan 13 2004 13:30 Mar 26, 2008 Jkt 038150 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 6687 Sfmt 6687 C:\DOCS\JOANN~1\38150.TXT CRS1 PsN: SKAYNE (Trim Line) (Trim Line) CONTENTS Page Biography .................................................................................................. v Proceedings in the House of Representatives: Tributes by Representatives: Aderholt, Robert B., of Alabama ............................................... 21 Baca, Joe, of California .............................................................. 30 Baldwin, Tammy, of Wisconsin ................................................. 40 Blackburn, Marsha, of Tennessee ............................................. 4 Blunt, Roy, of Missouri .............................................................. 34, 35 Brown-Waite, Ginny, of Florida ............................................... -
Prediction Markets
Wolfers.fm Page 37 Monday, June 8, 2009 3:12 PM Prediction Markets: The Collective Knowledge of Market Participants Justin Wolfers Associate Professor of Business and Public Policy Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Prediction markets provide an information-aggregation technology applicable to a variety of topics, including political and financial risk. Because of the human idiosyncrasies identified by behavioral finance, prediction markets can fail, but historical data show them to be as accurate as traditional polling methodologies and far less expensive to establish and maintain. n this discussion, I will make three substantive Sports Prediction Markets. Interestingly, I claims about prediction markets. First, if mar- sports betting markets manifest many of the charac- kets really are efficient, as the efficient market teristics expected of an efficient market, and they hypothesis asserts, then the prices that come out of now allow participants to trade stock during the any market contain valuable information. To make game on the likelihood of a particular team winning. the case for this claim, I will use data from sports For example, Figure 1 shows real-time betting dur- betting markets. Second, prediction markets can be ing Game 6 of the 2003 National League Champion- used to track political risk, which can be a key factor ship Series (NLCS). This prediction market from driving investment performance. Third, prediction Intrade pays $1 if and only if the Chicago Cubs win markets can fail, so I will conclude my discussion this particular game. At the beginning of the game, by describing why prediction markets work and it looks as if the Cubs have about a 75 percent chance what causes them to fail. -
The 1992 Elections in Virginia: a Status Quo State in the Year of Change
Journal of Political Science Volume 21 Number 1 Article 3 November 1993 The 1992 Elections in Virginia: A Status Quo State in the Year of Change Larry J. Sabato Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.coastal.edu/jops Part of the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Sabato, Larry J. (1993) "The 1992 Elections in Virginia: A Status Quo State in the Year of Change," Journal of Political Science: Vol. 21 : No. 1 , Article 3. Available at: https://digitalcommons.coastal.edu/jops/vol21/iss1/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Politics at CCU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Political Science by an authorized editor of CCU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE 1992 ELECTIONS IN VIRGINIA: A STATUS QUO STATE IN THE YEAR OF CHANGE Larry J. Sabato University of Virginia THE U.S. PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION The 1992 election, full of upheaval and transformation around the country, was more traditional in the Old Dominion. While the nation was ousting White House incumbent George Bush, Virginia voted to reelect him by a percentage that was Bush's sixth-best of the 50 states. 1 And in a year when many scandal tainted congressional incumbents stepped aside, voluntarily or through defeat, the only changes in Virginia's U. S. House line-up were forced by redistricting and one age-related retire ment. Much as in 1976, when southern Democrat Jimmy Carter won the presidency, Virginia resisted both regionalism and the call for change-and this time the Commonwealth was joined by most other states of the South. -
Mterrogatory No. 3
i I- BEFORE THE FEDERAL ELjECTlON COMMISSION In the Matter of ) Witness Subpoena to ) m 3774 The National Right to) Work Committee ) SUPPLEMENTAL RESPONSE TO SUBPOENA The National Right to Work Committee (WRTWC), hereby submits this Supplemental Response to the Subpoena ?o Produce Documents/Order to Submit Written Answers served upcln “WC in the above-referenced MUR, following the June 10,1997, decision of the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia in Misc. Action No. 97-0160, ordering NRWC to respond to Interrogatory No. 3 and Document Request No. 3, as modified by the Court. INTRODUCTORY COAKMENTS Intemgatory No. 3 and Document Request No. 3 relate to activities from more than four years ago. NRTWC has experienced changes in personnel over those years, and documents may no longer exist, if they ever existed. Nonetheless, “WC, with the assistance of counsel and staff, has conducted a diligent search for documents and facts, and responds on the basis of information so gathered. The Court limited the scope of Interrogatory No. 3 and Document Request No. 3 to the 1992 senatorial candidates, and the Commission, by its attorneys in discussions with “WC counsel, has further limited the scope to the 1992 general election senatorial candidates. Thus, NRTWC’s search has focused on the 1992 general election senatorial candidates. Also, the Commission and NRTWC, in briefing and in discussions between counsel, have agreed that NRTWC may redact documents to delete supporter-identitjing information from documents to be produced, and NRTWC is doing so. MTERROGATORY NO. 3 NRlwC did not engage in, or finance, in whole or in pa, “any activities relating to federal elections in October-December 1992 . -
Washington Capital of the Union | September 2016
Essential Civil War Curriculum | Kenneth J. Winkle, Washington Capital of the Union | September 2016 Washington Capital of the Union By Kenneth J. Winkle, University of Nebraska-Lincoln ashington, DC, was the most strategic and vulnerable city in the Union during the Civil War. Sandwiched between the Confederate state of Virginia to the W west and the border slave state of Maryland to the east, Washington sat astride the Civil War’s most critical and active military front, the Eastern Theater. The Union army used the city to mobilize and supply the Army of the Potomac, defend the eastern seaboard, and launch military thrusts toward Richmond. Believing that the loss of the Union’s capital would lead to immediate defeat, the Confederacy targeted Washington throughout the war. From the First Battle of Bull Run onward, Confederate armies repeatedly threatened Washington as part of General Robert E. Lee’s strategy of taking the war to the enemy. Lee’s advances into Maryland in 1862 and Pennsylvania in 1863 were primarily designed to threaten Washington, and in July 1864 Lieutenant General Jubal Anderson Early launched a direct attack on the city, which was repulsed. Throughout the war, the Lincoln administration took unprecedented actions to secure the capital against Confederate attack and suppress internal subversion at the hands of secessionist sympathizers. Meanwhile, the indirect impact of the war posed novel challenges as well as opportunities. The tripling of the city’s population produced a public health crisis that promoted epidemic diseases, including smallpox. Turning Washington into the central site of medical treatment for sick and wounded soldiers in the Eastern Theater, the army established more than one hundred military hospitals in the capital, innovating new approaches to medical care and hospital design. -
FIRST GENERAL COUNSEL's REPORT 6 7 MUR5977 8 9 DATE COMPLAINT FILED: Feb
NOV 1 i 20U 1 FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION 2 999 E Street^ N«W« 3 Washington, D.C. 20463 4 5 FIRST GENERAL COUNSEL'S REPORT 6 7 MUR5977 8 9 DATE COMPLAINT FILED: Feb. 25,2008 10 DATEOFNOTinCATION: Mar. 3,2008 11 DATE OF LAST RESPONSE: Mar. 24,2008 12 DATE ACTIVATED: Apr. 22,2008 13 I 14 STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS: Feb. 15,2013 15 16 COMPLAINANTS: Emcrylde Bradley 17 J. Edward Lupton 0 18 Mischele Seng 19 20 RESPONDENTS: American Leadership Project 21 Roger V. Salazar 22 23 MUR6005 24 25 DATE COMPLAINT FILED: Apr. 30,2008 26 DATE OF NOTIFICATION: May 7,2008 27 DATE OF LAST RESPONSE: Jim. 13,2008 28 DATE ACTIVATED: Jim. 24,2008 29 I 30 STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS: Feb. 15,2013 31 32 COMPLAINANT: Obama for America 33 34 RESPONDENTS: American leadership Project 35 Roger V. Salazar 36 Jason Kinney 37 MichfileDunkerly 38 JayEisenhofer 39 PaulGoldenberg 40 Monica Graham 41 Stephen P. Kennedy 42 William Titleman 43 Richard Ziman 44 Mattis Goldman 45 Paul Rivera 46 Erick Mullen MURi 5977 ind 6005 Pint Genecal Couiuel's Report 2 RELEVANT STATUTES: 2U.S.C.§431(4XA) 3 2U.S.C.f431(8XA) 4 2U.S.C.§431(9XA) 5 2U.S.C.§433 6 2U.S.CJ434 7 2U.S.C.§441a 8 2U.S.C.f441b r-H 9 UCF.R.§100.22(aHb) 00 10 11C.FJL§ 100.57 Lft 11 11C.F.R.§ 114.15 12 0) CM 13 qr 14 INTERNAL REPORTS CHECKED: Disclosure Reports «JT 15 O O 16 FEDERAL AGENCIES CHECKED: Internal Revenue Service r-J 17 18 19 L INTRODUCTION 20 21 The complaints in these matters allege that American Leadership Project ("ALP**), an 22 entity organized under Section 527 of the Internal Revenue Code, has received contributions in 23 excess of 51,000 to influence the 2008 presidential primary campaign between Senator Hillary 24 Clinton and Senator Barack Obama, an^ therefore, should have registered with the Commission 25 as a political committee and properly disclosed its activities in reports filed with the 26 Commission. -
The District of Columbia, Which Is Holding Primaries On
The Potomac Primary Brainroom Briefing Book Bryan S. Murphy Sr. Political Affairs Specialist Fox News Channel Table of Contents Introduction – p. 3 Virginia Primary – p. 5 Maryland Primary – p. 10 Washington, D.C. Primary – p. 14 Endnotes – p. 17 2 Introduction Republican and Democratic presidential candidates are preparing for Tuesday's first-ever regional primary, when voters in Virginia, Maryland and the District will go to the polls.1 The primaries in the District and Maryland are open only to voters registered with political parties; Virginia does not register voters by party, so both of its primaries are open to all voters.2 The trio of contests on Tuesday are expected to offer a demographic advantage to Obama because of the sizable number of African American voters in all three places.3 Black Democrats, who have supported Obama in his bid to be the first black U.S. president, are expected to factor large in the three so-called Potomac primary races, named after the river that touches all three localities. Obama is looking to the trio of races Tuesday to carry him past Clinton in their battle for the White House, while Clinton dismissed talk that her campaign was in trouble after a series of losses. 4 An Obama sweep in Maryland, Virginia and the District of Columbia, which polls show is likely, could be one of the major turning points in the '08 campaign. 5 Over the weekend, Obama secured a clean sweep in five races: Louisiana, Washington state, Nebraska, Maine and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Clinton's losses, coupled with her decision to replace her campaign manager with a longtime aide and Obama's infusion of new funds, fueled talk that the New York senator's campaign bid was falling on tough times. -
Yes We Can. a Biography of President Barack Obama
YES WE CAN A B I O G R A P H Y O F BARACK OBAMA Garen Thomas FEIWEL AND FRIENDS New York A FEIWEL AND FRIENDS BOOK An Imprint of Macmillan YES WE CAN. Copyright © 2008 by Garen Thomas. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. For information, address Feiwel and Friends, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Thomas, Garen Eileen. Yes we can: a biography of Barack Obama / by Garen Thomas. p. cm. ISBN-13: 978-0-312-53709-8 / ISBN-10: 0-312-53709-3 1. Obama, Barack. 2. African Americans— Biography. 3. African American legislators— Biography. 4. Legislators—United States—Biography. 5. United States. Congress. Senate— Biography. 6. Presidential candidates—United States— Biography. 7. Racially mixed people—United States—Biography. I. Title. E901.1.O23T46 2008 328.73092—dc22 [B] 2008015316 BOOK DESIGN BY AMANDA DEWEY Feiwel and Friends logo designed by Filomena Tuosto First Edition: July 2008 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 www.feiwelandfriends.com A C K N O W L E D G M E N T S I would like to thank my editors at Feiwel and Friends, Jean Feiwel and especially Liz Szabla, for giving me the flexibility to write this story from a perspective not often seen in children’s books. I appreciate your faith in my vision and ability to carry it out from start to finish. Martin Baldessari worked nonstop to locate and get permission for the array of images you see here.