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Object Model of Relationships Between Children and Adults Lehigh Preserve Institutional Repository Understanding Orphanhood in Russia: Education as a Bridge to (No) Where? Kudasova, Marina 2018 Find more at https://preserve.lib.lehigh.edu/ This document is brought to you for free and open access by Lehigh Preserve. It has been accepted for inclusion by an authorized administrator of Lehigh Preserve. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Understanding Orphanhood in Russia: Education as a Bridge to (No) Where? By Marina Kudasova A Dissertation Presented to the Graduate and Research Committee of Lehigh University in Candidacy for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Comparative and International Education Lehigh University April 2018 Copyright by Marina Kudasova April 2018 i Certificate of Approval This dissertation of Marina Kudasova is accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy in Comparative and International Education, College of Education, Lehigh University. ______________________ Date Approved _____________________________ Dr. Iveta Silova Dissertation Chair _____________________________ Dr. Alexander Wiseman Co- Chair _____________________________ Dr. Peggy Kong Committee Member _____________________________ Dr. Mary Nicholas Committee Member _____________________________ Dr. Heather Johnson Committee Member ii To the power of love to heal and transform people’s hearts. iii Acknowledgments I would like to express my deepest and sincerest gratitude to my inspiring academic advisor Dr. Iveta Silova. Throughout this journey, she patiently guided me every step in my research and studies, encouraged to pursue my passion, and offered her infinite help and support. It would not be an exaggeration to say that she changed my life. Not only did she teach me how to be a researcher but, most importantly, she showed me an example of an outstanding scholar, compassionate professional, and a dedicated leader. For all her teaching, kindness, and encouragement I am infinitely thankful. I would like to extend my genuine gratitude to my wonderful dissertation committee members: Dr. Alexander Wiseman, Dr. Peggy Kong, Dr. Heather Beth Johnson and Dr. Mary Nicholas. I was fortunate not only to learn from such incredible scholars, but also to receive invaluable feedback, thoughtful questions and outstanding support throughout the research. I could not have asked for a better group of professionals to guide me in my research. In addition, I would like to thank all the professors I had a privilege to learn from during my graduate studies. Especially, I would like to thank Dr. Sothy Eng for the opportunity to be part of the Caring for Cambodia research team, as well as for his constant encouragement to pursue doctoral studies. I thank Dr. Laurence Upton, Dr. Grace Caskie, and Dr. Bridget Dever for being amazing people and professors of statistics. Also, I would like to sincerely thank Sharon Wardon who was always there to help and answer my questions with a warm smile. Furthermore, I would like to thank Dr. Bill Hunter for his tremendous efforts in welcoming and supporting Fulbright scholars. Thanks to him, I felt as a part of a family from the day I arrived to Lehigh University. I would like to extend my gratitude to the Graduate Student Office, Global Union and International Student Office who made my learning experience very iv smooth and pleasant. I especially thank Dr. Kathleen Hutnik, Amy Wieboldt McCrae, Clara Buie, Bonnie Beidleman, Jeanne Ma and Olga Scarpero for their genuine commitment to students. Surely, my journey would not be possible without my amazing friends. Especially, I would like to thank my dearest Ph.D. colleagues who shared the ups and downs of a graduate life from the very beginning: Dr. Fatih Aktas, Dr. Anu Sachdev, and Dr.-soon-to-be Hang Duong. I cannot even begin to describe the amount of support and encouragement I received from them. Also, I am infinitely grateful to my Lehigh friends, whom I truly can call a family, namely Cecilia Lesomar, Leary Pakiding, Fauzia Nouristani, Hnin Su Mon and Anastasiya Perevezentseva. They all were the constant source of inspiration and support for me. Besides, I would like to thank Dr. Alla Korzh for giving me invaluable advice regarding my research and studies. I would like to thank Gretchen Tillitt, Viktoriia Brezheniuk, Olga Mun, Fayaz Amiri, Parastoo Fotoohi and Dr. Hossein Ghodsi, Dr. Golnaz Shahidi and Dr. Mohsen Moarefdoost, Petrina Davidson, Ngoc Minh Pham, Irina Levytska and Alex Shnaydruk, Radja Bendimerad, Jarfa Ranjbar, Marcela B. Gamallo, Whitney Szmodis, Xiaoran Yu, Xia Zhao, Audree Chase- Mayoral, Angel Oi Yee Cheng, Carolina Hernandez, Michael Russell, Kate Lapham, all the Fulbright friends, all the members of Lehigh University UNICEF Club, CIE students, Teach for Russia colleagues and everyone whom I had an honor to know. Importantly, I would like to sincerely thank the Fulbright Scholar Program and the American Association of University Women for providing crucial financial support for my studies. Without it, I would not be able to even begin my journey. They helped me to change my life, and now I am determined to change the lives of others thanks to all the knowledge, skills and experiences I received at Lehigh. v Furthermore, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my outstanding husband, Dr. Aman Karamlou, for his infinite patience, unlimited support and unconditional love. He surely made the whole experience for me as smooth and as comfortable as possible. I am truly blessed to have him in my life. Also, I would like to thank our cat Buji for endless purring, joyful playing and loving attitude. I thank my husband’s family and my family for endless support and encouragement. Especially, I thank my caring mother, Galina Riabova, who instilled in me love for education and love for people. She is the greatest inspiration and a role mode for me. In addition, I wanted to thank Victoria Orazova for being an amazing sister and all her continuous support. Lastly, I wanted to thank all the participants for sharing their incredible stories with me, for all their courage, strength, and resilience. I greatly applaud and salute their thirst for life, despite all the challenges and barriers. vi Table of Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 3 Chapter I. History of Orphanhood in Russia (1706-2016) ...................................................... 11 Prerevolutionary Russia: Genesis of the First Shelter ............................................................... 11 Revolutionary Russia: The Establishment of the First System of Orphan Care ........................ 13 Soviet Russia: Orphans - Children of the State? ........................................................................ 17 Post-Soviet Russia: Emergence of Social Orphans ................................................................... 18 Chapter II. Orphanhood and Education Globally: Literature Review and Theory ............. 27 Theoretical Considerations ........................................................................................................ 34 Chapter III. Methodology ........................................................................................................... 41 History and Development .......................................................................................................... 44 Sample ....................................................................................................................................... 48 Data Collection and Analysis .................................................................................................... 52 Trustworthiness Criteria ............................................................................................................ 61 Ethical Considerations ............................................................................................................... 62 Limitations ................................................................................................................................. 63 Chapter IV. The Stories of Orphans .......................................................................................... 64 Rising From the Ashes of Human Negligence and Ignorance ................................................... 64 Fantasies of Life ....................................................................................................................... 115 A Woman of Steel: Nothing Can Break Me Down ................................................................. 133 The Sorrows of Wasted Time and Joyfulness of Hope ........................................................... 176 A Story of Burnt Flour, Human Pain, and Public Activism .................................................... 194 When Orphanhood Takes an Unexpected Turn ....................................................................... 248 vii Chapter V. The Researcher’s Interpretation: Discussion, Analysis, and Implications ...... 286 Experiences Prior to Orphanages ............................................................................................. 287 Life and Educational Experiences at the Orphanages .............................................................. 294 Society at large. .................................................................................................................... 295 Orphanage. ..........................................................................................................................
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