Index

1967 war, 11, 19n2, 33, 68–9, 72 Blair, T., 34, 42n15 1967 Six-Day War, see 1967 war border assistance mission, see EUBAM 1980 Venice Declaration, 69 Rafah bordering practices/mechanisms, Abbas, M., 33, 142, 150n18 88–101, 111, 181–8 administrative areas, 7, 12, 29, 51, 61n8 and ’s role, 19, 49–58, 122 Agreement on Conformity Assessment borderland(s) and Acceptance (ACAA), 9, 60n1, approach/perspective, 4–10, 13–16, 67, 70, 73–7 48–9 Agreement on Movement and Access borders and, 4–6, 81 (AMA), 33, 35, 138 definition of, 3, 6 Allenby Bridge, 54–6, 62n20, 137 EU borderlands, 9, 48, 67 see also Allenby terminal governance of, 9, 174 Allenby terminal, 56, 62n20 interlinkage in, 13–16, 81 Arafat, Y., 30, 31, 33 Israel as, 17, 49–58 Area A, 7, 29, 38, 39, 41n5, 41n6, 50, Israel-Palestine and the EU, 6–10 61n8, 114, 115, 135, 137, 144, nature of, 6, 18–19, 184 150n15 in Palestinian territories, 29–30 see also administrative areas; Oslo power and interdependence in, Accords; Israel-Palestine; 13–16, 40 Palestinian Authority (PA); West social construction of, 184–7 Bank see also borders; Israel-Palestine; Area B, 7, 29, 38, 39, 41n6, 114, 135 Israeli-Palestinian-EU triangle see also administrative areas; borders, 3, 5, 8, 18, 107, 118, 124n4, Israel-Palestine; Oslo Accords; 130, 134, 136, 146, 158, 184 Palestinian Authority (PA); West 1967, see Green Line Bank closed or open, 6, 27, 33, 50, 111, 185 Area C, 7, 29, 39, 41n6, 114, 135, 136, definition of, 3–6 142, 151n31, 171 disaggregation of, 3–5, 7, 15 see also administrative areas; economic, 16–17, 98–9, 101, 111, Israel-Palestine; Oslo Accords; 124n5 Palestinian Authority (PA); West external, 3, 5, 7–8, 30, 50, 59, 137–9 Bank functional, 3, 5, 6, 7–9, 39, 67, 70, Ashton, C., 34, 100, 129 81 Ayalon, A., 40 fuzzy, 4, 8, 13, 108, 111, 122 and ICT infrastructures, Balfour Declaration, 161 see information and Barak, E., 38 communication technologies Barcelona Process, see Euro- (ICTs) Mediterranean Partnership (EMP) as institutions, 5–6, 27, 99–102, Ben-Ami, S., 7, 12, 39, 147 130, 140 , 54–6, 58 legal, see legal borders in Israel- Berger, C., 143 Palestine

191 192 Index borders – Continued Israeli, 50, 132, 134, 136, 137 normative, 155–6, 165, 172, 173, Jordanian, 52, 53 175 see also Law of Return of 1950 political and functional, 7, 9 Civil Administration, see IDF and power relations/dynamics, 4, Commission (of the European 6–7, 9, 13–16, 36–40, 49, 59–60, Communities/Union), see 68–70, 81–2, 122–3, 147–8, European Union (EU), European 155–6, 172–5 Commission regime between EU and Israel, Commission Regulation No 4129/86, 49–51 78 regulations between Israel and Council of the European Union, see Palestine, 51–4 European Union (EU), Council of rules for EU citizens crossing Israel- the European Union Palestine, 54–9 Council Regulation No. 3363/86, and security, 7–10, 12–16, 27–33, 69–70, 82n7 35–40, 41n4, 50, 52–3, 57–8, courts 61n8, 112, 114, 116, 119, 130, European Court of Justice (ECJ), 92, 133, 135, 138, 144–7, 163, 172 166–70, 173, 185 High Court of Justice in Israel/ social construction of, 6, 19, 60, Supreme Court in Israel, 182, 184–8 62n21, 69, 131, 136, 149n11, state borders, see external borders 149n14 technological, see information and International Court of Justice (ICJ), communication technologies 102n8, 164 (ICTs) Israeli labour, 149n14 territorial, 39, 67, 70, 81–2, 122 military, 130, 133, 135, 144, territorial or physical, 5, 68–70, 149n14 137–9 Palestinian local, 135 see also Allenby Bridge; Allenby Covenant on Civil and Political terminal; Area A; Area B; Rights, 57, 131, 164 Area C; Ben Gurion Airport; see also International law borderlands; Green Line; Israel- Covenant on Economic, Social and Palestine; Israeli-Palestinian-EU Cultural Rights, 131, 164, 171 triangle; Rafah border crossing see also International law boundaries, see borders customs envelope/partial customs boycott, of the Hamas-led union (between Israel and the government, 10, 37, 141, 145 Palestinian territories), 7, 72, Brita case/ruling, 77, 78, 92, 97, 83n10 100–1, 172 Bush, George W., 32 Declaration of Principles (DoP), see Oslo Accords cellular communication, 107, 110, De Gucht, K., 89 113–16, 118, 122 see also information and East Jerusalem, 7, 11, 19n10, 50–5, communication technologies 58–9, 62n20, 68–9, 72–4, 76, (ICTs) 82n1, 82n6, 87, 91, 96, 108, 1130, citizenship 132–5, 137, 142, 171 dual, 50, 57 see also Palestinian Territories/ EU, 49–50 Index 193

EC-Israel Association Agreement, 8–9, Euro-Mediterranean Interim 31, 70–3, 76, 79, 87, 89, 92–3, Association Agreement between 99–100, 150n23, 167–8, 172, 174 the EU and the PA, see EC-PLO see also EU-Israel trade relations Interim Association Agreement Egypt, 33–5, 51, 53–4, 56, 59, 117, Euro-Mediterranean Partnership 135, 137–8, 150n17, 150n18, 183 (EMP), 12, 89–90, 139, 165, 166 EUBAM Rafah, 28, 33–7, 39, 40, EuroMed projects, 117–19 42n17, 54, 56, 138, 150n18, 169 European Council, see European see also Rafah border crossing Union (EU), Council of the EU guidelines (on grants and European Union prices), see guidelines on the European Court of Justice (ECJ), see eligibility of Israeli entities and European Union (EU), European their activities in the territories Court of Justice (ECJ) (EU guidelines) European External Action Service EU-Israel Association Agreement (EEAS), see European Union (EU), (AA), see EC-Israel Association European External Action Service Agreement (EEAS) EU-Israel Action Plan, 74, 80, 83n14 European Neighbourhood Policy see also European Neighbourhood (ENP), 8, 9, 119, 140, 165, 166, Policy (ENP) 167, 170 EU-Israel trade relations European Parliament, see European ACCA, see Agreement on Union (EU), European Conformity Assessment and Parliament Acceptance (ACAA) European Union (EU) EC-Israel Association Agreement, bilateral ties with Israel, 8–9, 48, 79, 87, 89, 92–3, 99, 100 69–73 implications of the territorial scope and boycotting of the Hamas-led of agreements, 75–80 government, 10, 37, 141, 145 and Israeli settlements, 30, 32, 50–1, Council of the European Union, 28, 67–70, 72–7, 79, 81, 87, 89–91, 30, 36, 42n18, 69, 80, 82n7, 93–6, 98–101, 119, 136, 148, 100, 170 151n31, 163, 171, 174 democracy promotion, 139–41 issues in, 70–1 European Commission, 32, 53, labelling rules, 87, 90, 96–7, 99–100 72–73, 76–78, 87, 89, 92, 97, Olmert Arrangement/technical 143, 151n29, 170 arrangement between EU and European Court of Justice (ECJ), 79, Israel, 75–6, 78, 89–90, 94, 96–7 92, 100, 172 rules of origin of EU-Israel European External Action Service Association Agreement, 8–9, (EEAS), 95, 102n11 31, 70–3, 76, 79, 88–101, 150, European Parliament, 9, 31, 60n1, 167–8, 172, 174 73, 74, 76, 80, 90 territorial scope of, 67–8, 70–5 and free-trade agreement with upgrade of, 9, 19n5, 48, 60n1, 169 Israel, 8–9, 12, 71–5, see also EUPOL COPPS, 10, 29, 36–7,169 EU-Israel trade relations challenges faced by, 37–8 foreign policy, custom rules as implications on Israeli- instruments, 89 Palestinian-EU relationship, funding for Palestinian territories, 38–40 10, 141–3 mission and objectives of, 36–7 and ICT, 111, 116–20 194 Index

European Union (EU) – Continued Gaza impact of global law and IHR, administrative areas, 29, 41n5, 41n6 165–72 (economic) blockade of, 34, 138, and import regime for goods, 150n18, 151n31 69–75 and EU funds, 10, 141–3 and ‘normative power’, 14, 17, Hamas takeover of, 10, 34–5, 43n22 20n11, 60, 98–9, 101, 167, 174 Israel’s control over, 11, 29–32, -Israeli border regime, 49–51 51–4, 61n10, 119, 137–9 -Israeli-Palestinian border regimes, Palestinians, 10, 51, 53, 54, 59, 51–8 61n10 -Israel trade relations, see EU-Israel see also EU-Israel trade relations; trade relations Gaza War; Israel-Palestine; Lisbon Treaty (2009), 74, 167 Palestinian Territories/ -Palestinian security and police Palestinians; Rafah border cooperation, 28–39 crossing and Palestinian state building, 27, Gaza War, 19n5, 48, 51, 60n1, 61n9, 31, 37, 39, 144–6 173 -Palestinian trade relations, 10, globalisation, 4, 8, 108, 111–12, 123 78–80, 92, 120, 150n23 global law, 156, 161, 163–70, 173–5 Commission Regulation No factors underpinning autonomy of, 4129/86, 78 157–8 Council Regulation No. 3363/86, legal regimes of, 158–9 69–70, 82n7 see also International law EC-PLO Interim Association global legal order, 18, 155–6 Agreement, 77–9, 81, 92–3, and integration of Israel and the 97, 117, 168 Palestinian territories, 161–5 relationship with Palestinian see also International law territories, 10, 28–31, 69–71, Golan Heights, 68, 72, 74, 76, 82n1, 111, 119–20 82n3, 82n6, 86–7, 90, 91, 93, 95, and rules of origin, see rules of 98 origin (ROO) Green Line, 7, 19n1, 19n2, 27, 31, support for judicial reform in 42n13, 50–4, 72, 81, 86, 89, 91, Palestinian territories, 139, 94, 98, 164, 181–2, 188 141–3 guidelines on EU grants and prizes, variable border geometry, 8 see guidelines on the eligibility of see also EUBAM Rafah; EUPOL Israeli entities and their activities COPPS; PEGASE; Temporary in the territories (EU Guidelines) International Mechanism (TIM) guidelines on the eligibility of Israeli entities and their activities in the Fatah, 10, 43n22, 141–2, 145, 146 territories (EU Guidelines), 80, Fayyad plan, see Palestinian National 84n24, 87, 92, 100, 102n3, 148, Development Plan 148n3, 151n31, 172 Fayyad, S., 37–8, 141 Fourth Geneva Convention, 69, 75, Hadara, 114 131, 148n3, 148n4 see also information and see also International law communication technologies frontiers, see borders (ICTs); PALTEL Hague Regulations, 131, 148n3 Gatt-Rutter, J., 143 see also International law Index 195

Hamas, 9, 10, 34, 37, 42n21, 48, 51, Covenant on Civil and Political 54, 60n1, 138, 141, 145, 146, Rights, 57, 131, 159, 164 150n18 Covenant on Economic, Social and Haniyeh, I., 43n22 Cultural Rights, 131, 159, 164, see also Hamas 171 High Court of Justice (Israel), 62n21, customary international law, 75, 69, 131, 136, 149n11, 149n14 131, 151n30, 164 human rights, 18, 48, 57, 59–60, Geneva Convention, 69, 75, 131, 62n21, 80, 89, 130–2, 139–40, 148n3, 148n4 142, 145, 148 Hague Regulations/Convention, violation of, 57, 59, 71, 80, 139, 131, 148n3, 159 145, 148, 151n31, 164, 168, International Court of Justice (ICJ), 170, 173 102n8, 131, 164, 172 international humanitarian law, ‘inclusive exclusions’, 6–8, 122–4, 146 130–1, 165, 172, 185 individual and human rights (IHR), international human rights law, 155, 159–60, 163, 165–73 131, 165 information and communication law of ‘belligerent occupation’, 57, technologies (ICTs) 131, 149n6 and American multinational hi-tech treaty-based international law, firms, 121 131 and cellular networks, 113–16, 118, Universal Declaration of Human 122 Rights, 57, 61n3, 159 control by Israel, 113–16, 121–4 UN General Assembly Resolution effect of second intifada on, 109–10 181, 162 and employment opportunities, UN Security Council Resolution 110–11 (UNSCR), 242, 82n5, 162 and EU’s role, 111, 116–20 UN Security Council Resolution function of, 107–8 (UNSCR), 338, 82n5, 162 impact on Palestine-Israel-EU in times of occupation and war, matrix, 120–2 39, 57, 69, 98–101, 130–1, 134, infrastructures, 108–9, 111 144–8, 158 and limitations for Vienna Convention on the Law of telecommunication use, Treaties (1969), 75 113–16 see also global law relevance in the Palestinian context, Israel 109–11 and the 1967 War, 11, 19n2, 33, and spatialities of inclusion and 68–9, 72 exclusion, 122–4 and bilateral relations with EU, 8–9, and telecommunications in 48, 69–73 Palestine, 111–16, 122 border crossing regime between EU International Court of Justice (ICJ), and, 49–51 102n8, 131–2, 164 control of telecommunications in see also International law Palestine, 113–16, 121–4 International law and co-ordination with the Advisory Opinion on Constructing Palestinian Authority for a Wall in the Occupied security control, 29–30, 42n9 Palestinian Territories (ICJ), creation of legal borders, see legal 102n8, 131, 164 borders in Israel-Palestine 196 Index

Israel – Continued legal space, see legal borders in High Court of Justice, 131, 136, Israel-Palestine 149n14 movement of EU citizens between, and human rights violations by, 54–9 57–60, 80 movement of Palestinians between, and inclusive exclusions of 49–54, 59–60, 61n10 Palestinians, 6–8, 122–4, 146 military courts, 130, 133, 135–6, military courts of, 130, 133, 135, 144, 149n14 144, 149n14 rules for double nationals crossing, and the ‘national compensation 57–8 mechanism’, 94–5 and Oslo Accords, 7, 12, 13, 19n9, settlement policies/project, 11–12, 27–8, 39, 51, 109, 111–13, 115, 48, 87, 90–1, 93–6 117, 120, 123, 124, 131, 137, 185 Supreme Court of, see High Court of and Paris Protocol, 72 Justice (Israel) permits (issued by Israel), 38–40, see also Israel Defense Forces (IDF); 51–2, 55–6, 61n10, 113–15, Israel-Palestine; Israeli settlers/ 120, 132–5, 137–8, 150n16 settlements; legal borders in power relations in, 14, 16–17, 40, Israel-Palestine 60, 147, 155–6, 172–5 Israel Defense Forces (IDF), 29, 40, relationship of inclusion and 41n7, 41n8, 51–2, 55, 62n21, 69, exclusion, 6–8, 122–4, 146 130, 133, 135–6, 149n10, 163, security control versus civil control, 185 29–30 Israeli army/Israeli armed forces, see technological borders, 108, 111, Israel Defense Forces (IDF) 122, see also information and Israeli High Court of Justice, see Israel, communication technologies High Court of Justice (ICTs) Israel-Palestine territorial borders, 68–70, 79, 81–2 conflict, 11–13, 15, 163–5 barrier, 7, 51 customs envelope/partial customs Israeli-Palestinian-EU triangle union, 7, 72, 83n10 and EU-Palestinian relations, 10, economic borders, 72, 74–6, 98–9, 28–31, 69–71, 111, 119–20 101 and EU policies, 8–9, 14, 15 and ICT infrastructures, and global normative order, 165–73 see information and and ICT, 116–20 communication technologies implications of EUBAM Rafah, 35–6, (ICTs) 40 integration into the global legal implications of EUPOL COPPS, 38–40 order, 161–5 and interdependence in, 14, 16, Israeli settlements, see Israeli 130, 147, 155, 165 settlers/settlements and liminality, 186–8 judicial borders, see legal borders and linkage of Palestinian Territories in Israel-Palestine, and judicial to Israel, 6–8 borders origin of, 10–13 judicial fragmentation, see legal power and interdependence in borders in Israel-Palestine, and borderlands, 13–16, 172–5 judicial fragmentation and power relations in, 4, 14–15, jurisdictions, see legal borders 17, 147, 156, 172–5 in Israel-Palestine, and and technology infrastructures, 109 jurisdictions see also Israel-Palestine Index 197

Israeli settlers/settlements, 7, 11–12, and jurisdictions, 18, 29, 72, 74, 19n1, 27, 30, 32, 41n1, 41n6, 76–7, 79, 130, 134–7, 146 41n7, 48, 50–1, 60, 61n7, 62n17, legal tools adopted, 130–1 67–70, 72–7, 79–81, 86–7, 89–91, and state-building, 144–6 93–101, 112, 119, 130, 132, territoriality and jurisdictions, 135–6, 138, 146, 148, 151n31, 134–7 161, 163, 171, 174 see also Area A, Area B; Area C; East Jerusalem; Gaza; Israeli Jawwal, 114–15 settlers/settlements; Palestinian see also information and Territories/Palestinians; West communication technologies Bank (ICTs); PALTEL liminality, 184–8 Jericho, 28, 37, 41n4, 41n5, 54 Jerusalem Malmquist, H., 39 see East Jerusalem; Gaza; Israel- Manual for the Military Advocate in Palestine; Palestinian Military Governmentt, 130 Territories/Palestinians; West Masri, M., 121 Bank Middle East Peace Process (MEPP), 30, Jewish settlements, see Israeli 36, 129, 139, 172 settlements see also Oslo Accords; Roadmap Jordan, 11, 52–6, 59, 92, 117, 135, Middle East Quartet, 31–2, 34, 42n15, 137, 149n5, 181, 183 42n21, 139, 162–3, 169 judicial fragmentation, 130 Morsi, M., 53, 138 of people and roads, 136–7, 150n16, movement of people, 49–60, 61n10, 150n17 68–9, 132–4 see also legal borders in Israel- Mubarak, H., 34, 53, 150n18 Palestine National Unity Government (NUG), Law of Return of 1950, 50, 61n7, 132 43n22 Lebanon, 117, 183 Netanyahu, B., 27 Lieberman, A., 34 networks, technological, see legal order, 160 information and communication fragmented, 18, 130 technologies (ICTs) global, 18, 155–6, 161 normative orders, 155, 160, 172–5 modern, 158–9 ‘normative power Europe’, 14, 20n11, normative, 167, 174–5 60 legal borders in Israel-Palestine see also European Union (EU), and administrative areas, 7, 12, 29, 51, ‘normative power’ 61n8 civil administrations, 135–6 Obama, B., 175 control of access and residency of Occupied Territories (OT), see Palestinians, 132–4 Palestinian Territories/Palestinians creation of, 130–2 Occupied Palestinian Territory external borders and, 137–9 (OPT), see Palestinian Territories/ and judicial borders, 144, 146 Palestinians and judicial fragmentation, 7, 17, Office for the Coordination of 18, 29, 49, 111–12, 130–2, Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), 136–7, 139, 146–7, 156, 159 19n3, 38 and judicial reform in Palestinian Olmert Arrangement, 75–6, 78, 89–90, territories, 139, 141–3 94, 96–7 198 Index

Oslo, see Oslo Accords and security sector reform (SSR), 31, Oslo Accords, 7, 10, 12–13, 19n9, 32, 33 27–31, 39–40, 41n8, 52, 68, 109, Palestinian Territories/Palestinians, 115, 117, 120, 123, 131, 135, 137, 19n10, 38, 68–70, 72, 76–7, 79, 146, 149n12, 150n20, 162, 168, 80, 86–7, 89–91, 110 185 administrative areas in, 7, 12, 29, Areas A, B, C, 7, 29–30, 38–9, 41n5, 51, 61n8 41n6 Areas A, B and C, 7, 29–30, 38–9, Declaration of Principles (DoP), 28, 41n5, 41n6 29, 41n2, 41n8 control of movement by Israel, Oslo II Accords, 12, 29, 112 51–4, 58–60, 68–9, 132–4 see also administrative areas; Area A; economic output through ICTs, Area B; Area C 110 Oslo agreements, see Oslo Accords and EU funding, 10, 141–3 Oslo peace process, see Middle East exports in, 94 Peace Process; Oslo Accords impact of ROO on Israeli industry in, 93–6, 98–9 Palestine, see Palestinian Territories/ importance of ICTs in, 109–11 Palestinians and ID(s), 35, 51–3, 56–7, 132–3, Palestine-Israel, see Israel-Palestine 137, 149n9, 150n20 Palestine Liberation Organisation and Israeli settlements, (PLO), 10, 19n6, 69–70, 72, 78–9, judicial/legal fragmentation of, 7, 81, 92, 97, 139, 149n10, 168 17, 18, 29, 49, 111–12, 130–2, Palestinian Authority (PA), 3, 7, 10, 136–7, 139, 146–7, 156, 159 12, 14–15, 19n6, 29–31, 41n7, judicial reform in, 139, 141–3 78–9, 81, 112–13, 163 and labelling laws, 96–7 and EUBAM Rafah mission, 33–6 legal status of Palestinians, 18, 32, and EUPOL COPPS mission, 36–9 35, 88, 100, 129, 132–5, 137, Fayyad Plan, see Palestinian 146–7, 170–1 National Development Plan media and technology restrictions, Palestinian Civil Police (PCP), 112–13 36–40, 42n18 police, 28–31, 55, see also EUPOL Palestinian judicial system/ COPPS Palestinian justice sector, 141–7 population registry, 53, 57, 58, Palestinian National Development 61n15, 132, 135, 138, 149n10, Plan, 10, 37–8, 43n23, 141 150n20 Palestinian Police Force (PPF), 28–31 refugees, 10, 32, 41n1, 102n2, 132, Palestinian parliament, 145 142, 186 and passports, 52–3, 56, 57, 59, and relationship with the EU, 10, 61n11, 138 28–31, 69–71, 111, 119–20 and security apparatus of, 28–31, and relationship with Israel, 6–8, 39–40 11–13, 29–31, 42n9, see also and security cooperation with Israel, Israel-Palestine 13, 28, 31–2, 39–40 and residency rights, 53, 61n16, Palestinian security forces, see 132–4 Palestinian Authority (PA), and security sector reform (SSR), 31, Palestinian Civil Police (PCP); 32, 33 Palestinian Authority (PA), state-building in, 18, 27, 31, 37, 39, Palestinian Police Force (PPF) 112, 130, 144–6 Index 199

Palestinian Territories/Palestinians of Palestinian telecommunications, – Continued 115–16 suicide bombings, 12, 52, 54, 57, regulating border crossing, 16–19, 61n11, 61n12, 164, 170 48–58, 60 telecommunications in, 111–16 Preferential Trade Agreements (PTA), territorial fragmentation, 29, 110, 88–9, 97, 101 112, 114, 133 see also Area A; Area B; Area C; Rabin, Y., 12 East Jerusalem; Gaza; Israel- Rafah border crossing, 34–5, 40, Palestine; Israeli-Palestinian-EU 42n17, 54, 56, 138, 150n18 triangle; West Bank see also EUBAM Rafah; Gaza Palestinian National Authority (PNA), responsibility to protect (R2P), 159, 160 see Palestinian Authority (PA) Roadmap, 27–8, 31–3, 36, 42n14, Palestinian National Development 42n16, 42n21, 163, 169 Plan, 10, 37–8, 43n23, 141 see also Middle East Peace Process; PALTEL, 110, 113–14, 116, 121 Oslo Accords see also information and rules of origin (ROO), 70–5, 77 communication technologies assumptions of, 88–9 (ICTs) and EU’s double standards, 91–3, Paris Economic Protocol(s), see Paris 102n7 Protocol and the EU’s self-identification as Paris Protocol, 111, 120, 123 a ‘normative power’, 14, 17, passports 20n11, 60, 98–9, 101, 167, 174 double nationals, 57, 58 impact on financial institutions, EU, 49–50, 61n6 100–1 of foreigners, 55–7, 62n17 impact on Israeli industry/ Israeli, 58 settlement policies, 93–6 Italian, 56 impact on member states, 99–101 Jordanian, 52–3, 61n14 implementation of, 89 PA/Palestinian, 52–3, 56, 57, 59, inconsistency in application of, 91–3 61n11, 138 and labelling rules/laws, 87, 96–7 Patten, C., 90–1 and ‘Made in Israel’, 87, 90, 96–7, Peace Process, see Middle East 100 Peace Process; Oslo Accords; non-preferential, 88 Roadmap politics regarding, 90–1 PEGASE, 141–2, 144, 150n28 preferential, 88 practices, 96, 99, 109, 147, 167, 171, strategies to bypass, 95 172 and ‘technical arrangement’ bordering practices, 19, 184–6, 188 between EU and Israel, 75–6, definition of, 5–6 78, 89–90, 94, 96–7 of determining rights and legal statuses, 18, 147 Sadara, 121 of EU, 4, 8–10, 35 see also information and at EU-Israeli borders, 14, 49–51 communication technologies of ICTs, 110 (ICTs) identity practices, 19, 184 Schengen, 8, 49–50, 53, 61n5 at Israeli borders, 30, 31, 49–58, 60, second intifada, 28, 31, 38, 52, 54, 58, 134 61n8, 61n11, 61n15, 109–10, 136, overlapping of, 13–16, 183 141, 169 200 Index security barrier, see West Bank barrier EU-Israel Association Agreement, Security Sector Reform (SSR), 31, 32, 8–9, 31, 70–3, 76, 150n23 33 of EU-Israeli agreements, 14, 17, 51, see also EU, -Palestinian security and 67–8 police cooperation and legal implications of separation barrier, see West Bank interpretations, 68, 75–8, 80–1 barrier and political implications of settlements (Israeli), see Israeli settlers/ interpretations, 68, 78–81 settlements terrorism, 12, 30–2, 52, 57, 107, 169, Seyada projects, 143 186 Shabak, see Shin Bet see also suicide bombings Shalit, G., 34 travel documents, 49, 52–4, 56, 58, Sharon, A., 34, 42n16 138, 150n20 Shin Bet, 40, 61n9 see also passports Solana, J., 9, 148n1 Søvndal, V., 100 UN agency for Palestinian refugees spatiality, 108–11, 120, 122–4 (UNRWA), 10, 141–2 ‘Start Up Nation’, 111 Union for the Mediterranean, see state-building, 18, 27, 31, 37, 39, 112, Euro-Mediterranean Partnership 130, 144–6 (EMP) Steinitz, Y., 35 sovereignty, 16, 32, 52, 61n13, 73, Vardi, Y., 121 88, 93, 100, 120, 160, 162–4, 169, Vienna Convention on the Law of 171–2, 174 Treaties (1969), 75 see also borders see also International law suicide bombings, 12, 52, 54, 57, visa regimes/permits 61n11, 61n12, 164, 170 between EU and Israel, 49–51 Syria, 98, 117, 183 between EU and Palestinian Territories, 51–8 , 54, 55, 57, 121 between Israel and the Palestinian Tel Aviv Start Up Weekend, 121 Territories, 51–4 telecommunications, see information see also movement of people; and communication technologies passports; travel documents (ICTs), and telecommunications in Palestine Wall, see West Bank barrier Temporary International Mechanism Wataniya, 115 (TIM), 141 see also information and Temporary International Presence in communication technologies Hebron (TIPH), 41n7 (ICTs) territorial borders, 5, 39, 68–70, 81–2, ‘Welcome to Palestine’ campaign, 55 122, 137–9 West Bank and functional regimes, 70–80 administrative areas in, 7, 38, 41n5, see also EU-Israel trade relations; 41n6 EU, -Palestinian trade relations; checkpoints in, 19n3, 38, 51–2, 55, Israel-Palestine; territorial scope 112, 137 of agreements Israeli control over Palestinians’ territoriality, 4, 108, 116, 132, 134–7 movements in, 51–4 territorial scope of agreements Israeli settlements in, 7, 19n1, see and ACCA, 73–5 also Israeli settlers/settlements Index 201

West Bank – Continued West Bank barrier, 7, 19n3, 51, 102, Palestinians, 51, 53, 59 114, 131, 164 security control in, 11, 18, 28–32, 37 Westphalian order/state model/ see also Area A; Area B; Area C; concept of borders, 4, 59, 170 EU-Israel trade relations; Israel- World Bank, 42n10, 42n15, 115, Palestine; Palestinian Authority 119 (PA); Palestinian Territories/ Palestinians Zionism, 11, 186