SOCIO-PROFESSIONAL REINTEGRATION of Cape Verdeans from the Netherlands MANUAL for the SOCIO-PROFESSIONAL REINTEGRATION of CAPE VERDEANS from the Netherlands
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This manual is funded by the European Union MANUAL FOR THE SOCIO-PROFESSIONAL REINTEGRATION of Cape Verdeans from the Netherlands MANUAL FOR THE SOCIO-PROFESSIONAL REINTEGRATION OF CAPE VERDEANS from the Netherlands CAMPO This Manual has been elaborated with the support of the European Union. The contents of this manual are the sole responsibility of Albert Che Suh and Frederica Rodrigues and can in no way be taken to reflect the view of the European Union. Writing: Albert Che Suh and Frederica Rodrigues Translation (2nd part): Jonathan Brooks Layout: 360 Project « Strengthening of Cabo Verde’s Illustration: Samba Ndar Cissé capacities in migration management » e EDITORIAL The Project «Strengthening of Cabo Verde’s capacities in migration management» is funded by the European Union in the framework of the Special Partnership Agreement between the EU and Cabo Verde under the Thematic Programme “Migration and Asylum” promoted by the EU with third countries. The leader of the project is the Borders and Foreigners Service (SEF) of Portugal which is responsible for the overall coordination and for the activities implementation along with other EU partners: the French Offi ce for Immigration and Integration (OFII), the Directorate of Immigration of Luxembourg and the Dutch Immigration and Naturalization Service (IND). The overall objective of the project is to enhance capacity building of the Cape Verdean authorities and civil society, responsible for migration management, particularly in terms of return and reintegration, to fi ght and prevent irregular immigration and foster statistical data collection and analysis. Component A – « Return and Reintegration » is implemented by the French Office for Immigration and Integration (OFII) and the Directorate of Immigration of Luxembourg. Its main objectives are: Supporting the economic and social reintegration of Cape Verdean nationals who wish to return voluntary to their country; To contribute to capacity building of competent authorities of Cabo Verde regarding the eff ective return and reintegration of Cape Verdean nationals; 2 Manual for the socio-professional reintegration of Cape Verdeans from the Netherlands Manual for the socio-professional reintegration of Cape Verdeans from the Netherlands 3 Component A activities also included the creation of four manuals for Cape Verdan nationals living in the Netherlands, Luxembourg, France and Portugal seeking to return voluntarily to Cabo Verde. p PREFACE This manual will help to orient and advise the Cape Verdean nationals on the steps to undertake in the host countries until their arrival to Cabo Verde. These orientations cover in-depth reintegration issues Dear Cape Verdeans in the diaspora, such as the current economic and social context of Cabo Verde, vocational training programs, job search and business creation. The Government of Cabo Verde recognizes the Emigration as a present phenomenon in Cabo Verde’s history and closely linked This manual aims to enable Cabe Verdean nationals to increase their to the development process. For decades, especially during the chances of a successful return back to their country of origin. twentieth century, Cape Verdeans departed for other places, driven by several reasons, in particular climatic, being estimated that currently more Cape Verdeans and their descendants reside abroad than in the national territory. The role of the diaspora is acknowledged in the development process of Cabo Verde because it contributes with approximately 10% to the national GDP through remittances; it transfers knowledge, mobilizes resources and contributes to the affi rmation of the Cape Verdean culture in the world. This vast diaspora is present in all continents, being Europe one which hosts most signifi cant cabo Verdean communities and their descendants. Aware of the country’s characteristics, the Government of Cape Verdean created a specifi c Ministry for Emigration - Department for Communities - and has taken as one of its strategic axes of its governance: «To affi rm the global nation and create partnerships for competitiveness». Therefore, it has been making eff orts to create partnerships, both nationally and internationally, in order to defi ne appropriate policies that take into account the constraints of an archipelagic country with a large population dispersed around the world. With the European Union, the Government established a Partnership Agreement for Mobility (signed in 2008), which provides a policy 4 Manual for the socio-professional reintegration of Cape Verdeans from the Netherlands Manual for the socio-professional reintegration of Cape Verdeans from the Netherlands 5 framework for close cooperation on migration. Under this partnership SOME IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS several initiatives have been undertaken, covering aspects such as: d Global Approach to Migration; Voluntary Return1 Legal migration and respect for human rights; This refers to assisted or independent return to the country of origin, transit or third country, based on the returnee’s free will. Mobility / prevention of illegal migration; Assisted Voluntary Return2 Strengthening synergies between migration and development; It specifically refers to the provision of (logistical, financial and/ or other material) assistance to a returnee for their return, which is Return / successful reintegration. based on their own free will to return to their country of origin, transit or other third country. «Strengthening of Cabo Verde’s capacities in migration management» is one of the projects implemented in the framework of the Mobility 3 Partnership Agreement between Cabo Verde and the EU.. Returnee This term usually refers to a person who goes back to his/her home country of a previous /current nationality, after being an interna- Knowing the interest of Cabo Verdeans living abroad in relation to tional migrant (in a short or long term period of time) in a foreign Cabo Verde and, given the changes in the global environment which country and intends staying in his/her home country for a period of has led to greater movement of migrants, in general, it appears time. The reasons for returning may vary from migrant to migrant. necessary to provide useful information to assist in making decisions This manual is based on the argument that migration return is a about migration projects, both towards outside the country and the positive experience in terms of the migrant reintegrating himself/ return to Cabo Verde. herself successfully in the country of origin after either a short or long stay abroad. On one hand, the migrant should have acquired Thus, In this manual, Cape Verdeans living abroad and particularly in a certain degree of human capital such as knowledge, technical the partner countries of the project (the Netherland...) will fi nd useful expertise, managerial & entrepreneurial skills, as well as having information on the current situation of Cabo Verde, the economic, worked and accumulated both social and fi nancial capital abroad; social and political level, and I have to highlight the incentives on the other hand, the migrant could have had or experienced an available to them for the implementation of business projects. unsuccessful stay abroad. At some given moment, both types of migrants will develop plans to return to their homeland and to encourage personal and social development. Maria Fernanda Tavares Fernandes Minister of Communities 1. IOM’s Glossary of Migration (2004) 2. European Migration Network(EMN) (2007) Return Migration. 3. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Aff airs, Recommendations on Statistics on International Migration. Revision 1, Statistical Paper Series M, no 58, Rev 1, United Nations, New York, 1998. 6 Manual for the socio-professional reintegration of Cape Verdeans from the Netherlands Manual for the socio-professional reintegration of Cape Verdeans from the Netherlands 7 Preparation for Return4 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS It is a process developed by the migrant with the prospect of a returning to his/her country of origin with the greatest convergence of interest of the three parties involved; the host government, homeland government and the migrant [himself]. In the context of this manual, the process ensures that the migrant’s decision to return ACZ Asylum Seekers Centres (Azielzoekers Centruum) to the country of origin is truly voluntary by ensuring the following: AWBZ Exceptional Medical Expenses Act (Algemene Wet Bijzondere Ziektekosten) Allow for adequate preparations; 1. AOW General Retirement Act (Algemene Ouderdomswet) 2. Ensure respect for human rights; CSOs Civil Society Organisations 3. Avoid stigma or forced return and negative repercussions for COA Reception of Asylum Seekers(Centraal Orgaan opvang integration; asielzoekers) EC European Commission 4. Ensure fi nancial or logistic counseling and re-integration support EU European Union from the state agencies, NGOs, international organizations, fi nancial Dutch Repatriation & Departure Service (Dienst institutions, migrant organizations and private investors. DT&V Terugkeer & Vertrek) Country of Return5 EPRI Economic Policy Research Institute It refers to a third country which can be the origin or transitcountry. FDW Sustainable Water Fund (FondsDuurzaam Water) In most cases, it is the country of origin to which a return is made, but FDOV Food Security and Private sector Development this defi nition is used here to indicate other (possible) destinations. (Faciliteit Duurzaam Ondernmen en Voedselzekerheis) HRT Herintegratie Regeling Terugkeer Re-integration