The Palestine Exploration Fund in the Holy City

THE PALESTINE EXPLORATION FUND IN THE HOLY CITY

Felicity Cobbing, P.E.F. 100 Years of PEF Exploration in Jerusalem: 1860’s - 1970’s

The Ophel or “City of David” The Old City & Temple Mount Dean Arthur Penhryn Stanley Sir George Grove View of Jerusalem from the South East. (James Clark R.I., 1896) Catherwood’s plan of the Haram al-Sharif, Drawn in 1833 and published by James Fergusson in 1847 Edward Robinson Edward Robinson

Robinson’s Arch on the South Western Wall of the Enclosure Wall (Sgt. James MacDonald R.E., 1864) Fergusson’s Reconstruction of the Monuments of the Temple Mount Prior to the Islamic Period An Original plan of the Haram Al-Sharif by Ermete Pierotti Charles Melchior de Vogue’s reconstruction of the Herodian Temple Captain Charles Wilson R.E. in 1868

Plan of The Haram Al- Sharif published in the Ordnance Survey of Jerusalem in 1865 Wilson’s Arch as shown on the Ordnance Survey Plan

Watercolour of the Interior of Wilson’s Arch (William Simpson, 1869) Original drawing showing the level of the dead sea in relation to the Mediterranean sea as observed by the Royal engineers of the ordnance survey of Jerusalem, 1864-5 Three photographs from the ordnance survey of Jerusalem (Sgt. James MacDonald R.E.)

right: The Haram Al-Sharif & the Temple Platform

Left: View of The church of the Holy Sepulchre over The Pool of Hezekiah

Bottom: The Ecce Homo Arch General Sir Charles Wilson The Church of St. John the Baptist at Samaria (Sgt. Henry Phillips, R.e., 1865-6) View of the Mount of Olives from the Prussian Hospice (James Clark R.I., 1896)

Lieut. Charles Warren R.E. (left)& other explorers, including his Photographer Sgt. James Phillips R.E., (Right)in Jerusalem in 1867. Watercolour from the Warren Expedition by William Simpson, 1869. n

Detail of Fergusson’s reconstruction of the Temple Mount with the Dome of the rock interpreted as the surviving rotunda of the church of the holy Sepulchre, and the Jewish Temple situated to the south-western end of the Temple Platform,where the Mugrabi Mosque and Al-Aksa Mosque now stand. Drawing by William Simpson showing Warren’s method of exploration in Jerusalem

Jerusalem Street scene (James Clark R.I., 1896) Original plans showing the Locations of the shafts in ‘Area G’ to the south of the Temple Mount and in the north eastern corner of the temple platform and beyond Original and published drawings of cisterns and structures below the surface of the Haram al-Sharif as Observed by Charles Warren Warren’s published plans showing the contours of the underlying rock beneath the Temple platform ‘Bahr El Khebir', or ‘The Great Sea’: The great cistern beneath the temple Mount William Simpson, 1869 View of the Temple Mount taken from the Western Hill, showing the Dome of the Rock, the Western Wall, the Mugrabi Quarter, Robinson’s arch, and the Mugrabi and Al-Aksa Mosques. (Robertson & Beato, 1857 - 1862) “Fallen Voussiors beneath Robinson’s Arch” (William Simpson, 1871) Henry Birtles descends into the unknown… tunnels constructed by warren and his team during their explorations around the temple Mount (William Simpson, 1867-71) Tunnel beneath the via dolorosa. (William Simpson, 1869) Warren’s drawing of his adventures in the sewers with Henry Birtles View looking north along the Tyropoeon Valley before its excavation to its current levels. (John Garstang, 1920) a rough Sketch by warren showing the south wall of the temple platform and the underlying bedrock

Warren’s finished contour plan of the Temple Mount Warren’s sketch of the south wall of the temple platform

Fergusson's Reconstruction plan of the temple mount Photograph of Robinson’s Arch Warren’s reconstruction of a (James Graham, 1853 - 1860) Staircase extending from Robinson’s arch Warren’s reconstruction of the staircase extending from Robinson’s arch

A reconstruction of the Herodian temple mount, including the staircase extending from Robinson’s arch, as confirmed by archaeological excavations (Bahat 1996) Descent down into the water system (William Simpson, 1869)

Original plan showing the location of ‘warren’s shaft’ Modern reconstructions of the Gihon spring water system based on recent excavations (BAR 1999)

Original plan showing the location of ‘warren’s shaft’ Original drawings of finds from the late iron age (7th century BC) to the Islamic Periods from Jerusalem Original and published drawings of ‘lmlk’ jar handles from warren’s excavations “Rock-cut cistern under Robinson's arch, Jerusalem” (William Simpson, 1871) “Rock cut conduit under Robinson's arch, Jerusalem” (William Simpson, 1871) General Sir Charles Warren