CERN Courier September 2012 Faces & Places
CERN AMS experiment marks one year in space
On 25 July, CERN celebrated the first year in space for the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) with a visit from the crew of the shuttle mission, STS-134, who successfully delivered AMS to the International Space Station (ISS) last year. Launched on 16 May 2011, the experiment was already sending data back to Earth by 19 May (CERN Courier July/August 2011 p18 and p23). The data are received by NASA in Houston and then relayed to the AMS Payload Operations Control Centre (POCC) at CERN for analysis. A second POCC has recently been inaugurated in Taipei. STS-134 was the last flight for the Endeavour space shuttle, crewed by commander Mark Kelly, pilot Gregory STS-134 astronauts (left to right) Andrew Feustel, Gregory Chamitoff, Gregory Johnson, Johnson, mission specialists Gregory Michael Fincke and Mark Kelly in the AMS Payload Operations Centre at CERN. (Image Chamitoff, Michael Fincke, Andrew credit: Anna Pantelia/CERN.) Feustel and European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut Roberto Vittori. During Two days before the event at CERN, three the celebrations at CERN, the astronauts of the astronauts also laid a commemorative unveiled a commemorative plaque on the plaque for the EPS at Les Cosmiques, a lawn outside the POCC to mark the occasion former high-altitude laboratory on one and later gave a public lecture at CERN. side of Mont Blanc, the highest mountain The AMS detector’s first year in space in Western Europe, to mark 100 years of has been a learning curve: data have been research into cosmic rays. Johnson, Kelly used to calibrate the detector and understand and Vittori laid the plaque, which marks an fully its performance in the extreme thermal EPS Historic Site Laboratory. conditions encountered in space. However, The French National Centre for Scientific it has already collected some 17 billion Research founded the laboratory to study cosmic-ray events and has been able, for cosmic rays in 1943, at a site 3613 m above the first time, to identify electrons with sea level. Les Cosmiques was officially energies exceeding 1 TeV before they enter inaugurated in 1946 in the presence of Irène the atmosphere. “This holds great promise Left to right: Johnson, Kelly and Vittori Joliot-Curie and stayed operational until 1955. for the AMS research programme that’s now stand with the EPS plaque at the site of the ●● To view the astronauts’ public lecture getting underway,” says AMS spokesperson former cosmic-ray research lab, Les at CERN, see http://cdsweb.cern.ch/ Samuel Ting. Cosmiques. (Image: Mike Struik/CERN.) record/1464066.
A w ar d s Lebrun receives Kamerlingh Onnes Medal
Philippe Lebrun of CERN has received Philippe Lebrun. The Kamerlingh Onnes Award was the Kamerlingh Onnes Medal from the (Image credit: established in 1948, at the 40th anniversary Royal Dutch Association of Refrigeration Anna Pantelia/ of the KNVvK. It is awarded for excellent (KNVvK) in recognition of his CERN.) contributions to the development or ground-breaking contributions to the field of application of refrigeration in the broadest cryogenic science and technology that made sense. Lebrun led CERN’s Accelerator the LHC possible. Erik Hoogendoorn, the Technology department during the chair of the KNVvK, presented him with the construction of the LHC, which uses several award on 25 June in Delft, during the 10th thousand high-field superconducting IIF/IIR Gustav Lorentzen conference on magnets operating in superfluid helium natural refrigerants. below 2 K.
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IEEE-NPSS honours Chris Parkman ...
The Computer Applications in Nuclear and Plasma Sciences (CANPS) award of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Left to right: Sergio Zimmermann, Jean-Pierre Martin (CANPS award chair), Patrick Engineers/Nuclear and Plasma Science Le Dû, Chris Parkman and Stefan Ritt (CANPS chair). (Image credit: IEEE-NPSS-CANPS.) Society (IEEE-NPSS) has been given to Chris Parkman who worked at CERN for Parkman joined CERN in 1970, designing of the ATLAS electronics group. He was more than 40 years. He received the award computer interfaces and read-out modules instrumental in establishing the use of the for his “outstanding development and user for experiments at the Proton Synchrotron. VME bus in the LEP experiments and in support of modular electronics for the He went on to work for many experiments the specification of VME standards. He was instrumentation in physics applications” at subsequent machines, in particular the also for many years a key member of the during the 18th IEEE-NPSS Real Time Large Electron–Positron (LEP) collider, ESONE Committee for the standardization Conference, held in Berkeley on 11–15 June. and most recently the LHC, as a member of modular electronics. ... and achievements in accelerator development
Hasan Padamsee. (Image credit: Cornell.) Vitaly Yakimenko. (Image credit: BNL.) The IEEE-NPSS has also honoured Hasan Padamsee of Cornell University and Vitaly Conferences (PAC or IPAC) held in North selected “for contributions to the science Yakimenko of Brookhaven National America, recognizes individuals who have and technology of RF superconductivity”. Laboratory (BNL). They received the made outstanding contributions to the Yakimenko, who became the director of Particle Accelerator Science and Technology development of particle-accelerator science Brookhaven’s Accelerator Test Facility in Award on 24 May at the 2012 International and technology. 2005, was selected “for contributions to Particle Accelerator Conference (IPAC) in Padamsee, who joined Cornell’s high-brightness electron beams and to their New Orleans. This award, which is granted at Superconducting RF group in 1973 and application to advanced accelerators and each occurrence of the Particle Accelerator was its head between 1987 and 2009, was light sources”. IOP medals: from particles to the cosmos
Studies at the smallest and the largest Left: Graham Ross, who scales in the universe are among the areas receives the Dirac Medal. of research recognized in the 2012 awards (Image credit: Oxford from the UK’s Institute of Physics. University.) Right: Martin The Dirac Medal for outstanding Rees, recipient of the Isaac contributions to theoretical physics goes Newton Medal. (Image to Graham Ross, University of Oxford, credit: Cambridge “for his theoretical work in developing University.) both the Standard Model of fundamental particles and forces and theories beyond the Standard Model that have led to many new insights into the origins and nature of the universe”. In a career spanning
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40 years, Ross has consistently worked at prize is awarded for distinguished research technology goes to Peter Butler of the the frontiers of the subject and made many in astrophysics, gravitational physics or University of Liverpool. He is honoured seminal contributions. He was, for example, cosmology. Cosmology is also recognized for his “outstanding work in the field a pioneer of supersymmetry theory and in the awarding of the Isaac Newton medal of experimental nuclear physics and phenomenology, and more recently he has this year to Martin Rees (Lord Rees of his dynamic contributions to the future developed fundamental theories of neutrino Ludlow) of Cambridge University. This direction of the field”. Last, the Kelvin mass and mixing parameters. medal is awarded regardless of subject area, Medal and Prize, for outstanding A fellow theoretician, David Lyth of background or nationality, for outstanding contribution to public engagement within Lancaster University, receives the Hoyle contributions to physics. physics, goes to Graham Farmelo of Medal and Prize “for his contributions to On the experimental side, the Rutherford Churchill College, Cambridge. He is cited particle cosmology, in particular to the Medal and Prize for distinguished in particular for his biography of Paul Dirac origin of the structure of the universe”. This research in nuclear physics or nuclear (CERN Courier September 2009 p39). EPS announces Lize Meitner Prize winners
The European Physical Society (EPS), Left: Karlheinz through its Nuclear Physics Division, has Langanke. (Image awarded the Lize Meitner Prize 2012 jointly credit: G Otto/GSI.) to Karlheinz Langanke of GSI and TU Right: Friedrich-Karl Darmstadt, and to Friedrich-Karl Thielemann Thielemann. (Image of the University of Basel, for “their seminal credit: All rights contributions to the description of nuclear reserved.) processes in astrophysical environments that have changed our modern understanding of stellar evolution, supernovae explosions and nucleosynthesis”. Their work represents a bridge between the nuclear-physics and astrophysics communities and has decisively contributed to shaping the research programme at current and future radioactive- ion-beam facilities. experimental, theoretical or applied nuclear the 25th International Nuclear Physics The Lize Meitner Prize is given every two science. Langanke and Thielemann will Divisional Conference of the EPS, on years for outstanding work in the fields of receive the award in a special session at 20 September.
S p a i n International meeting eyes the future
The International (Winter) Meeting on Fundamental Physics (IMFP), held in Spain every year since 1973, celebrated its 40th edition when 140 researchers from national Participants at the 40th IMFP, outside the Centro de Ciencias de Benasque Pedro Pascual and foreign research institutes gathered at in Benasque. (Image credit: A Sahún.) the Centro de Ciencias de Benasque Pedro Pascual in Benasque on 24 May – 3 June. at other large international laboratories. forum at which prestigious researchers, The idea behind the IMFP grew out Funded by the Institute of Nuclear Studies mostly from abroad, would present the most of the aim to foster collaboration among of the Junta de Energía Nuclear (JEN), with relevant scientific advances in the field to the members of the Spanish scientific strong support from CERN, the IMFP was the young and much reduced community of community and to explore possible launched as the result of an initiative by Spanish physicists working in the discipline. mechanisms for the sustainable development Manuel Aguilar and Juan Antonio Rubio Forty years on, IMFP has largely met its and consolidation of high-energy physics, of JEN and the CIEMAT research centre initial goals and become both a reference at which it was felt at the time urgently required in Madrid, Lucien Montanet of CERN and the national level and a widely appreciated the return of Spain to CERN – after the Francisco Ynduráin of the Universidad international event. country’s withdrawal in 1969 – as well Autónoma de Madrid. Discussions took place at one of the earliest as participation in research programmes One of the main goals was to set up a meetings to identify the most effective ways
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to facilitate Spain’s return to CERN, which in particular basic research during the last devoted to presenting the plans to develop finally happened in 1983. Initially, JEN was decades of the 20th century. The programme the European Strategy for Particle Physics in charge of the organization and funding of included a workshop on flavour physics and to assessing the situation in Spain the IMFP series. After the return of Spain and on the relevance and opportunity (excellent from the scientific point of view, to CERN and thanks to the steering plan for of the “super” B factories that are under but worrying in terms of the evolution of high-energy physics that was approved in construction or under discussion, together resources) and the possible contributions 1983 – two important events in which JEN with sessions on neutrino physics, physics from the Spanish scientific community. played an essential catalytic role – newly at the Canfranc Underground Laboratory, This meeting was extremely well formed experimental groups acquired a cosmic rays and ultrahigh-energy gamma organized by the Instituto de Fisica growing visibility and responsibility in the rays, dark matter and dark energy, Corpuscular (IFIC), a joint centre of the organization of IMFP. As a result, the meeting gravitational waves and physics at Fermilab’s Consejo Superior de Investigaciones moved round Spain to take place in most of the Tevatron and at CERN’s LHC. Científicas and the University of Valencia, regions that host research teams in particle, The future of the LHC and its ambitious under the efficient leadership of Francisco astroparticle and nuclear physics. experimental programme and the scientific Botella, Juan Fuster and Carmen García. Appropriately, the 40th IMFP was held at perspectives of the electron–positron It was funded by the National Centre the Centro de Ciencias de Benasque Pedro colliders under consideration (the for Particle, Astroparticle and Nuclear Pascual, which honours the memory of the International Linear Collider and the Physics (CPAN), the National Programme distinguished theoretical physicist Pedro Compact Linear Collider studies) were the for Particle Physics, IFIC, CIEMAT, the Pascual, who was highly instrumental in subject of long scientific sessions of great Consolider project Multidark and the Centro the development of science in Spain and interest. The last part of the meeting was de Ciencias de Benasque Pedro Pascual.
V i s i t
Google Science Fair winner Shree Bose could not have picked a better time to visit CERN. Judges chose her as the top young scientist out of more than 10,000 submissions from 13- to 18-year-old students all over the world. Part of her prize was a trip to CERN and she was there on 4 July, the day the laboratory announced the discovery of a Higgs-like particle (p46). Bose’s prizewinning project demonstrated a link between a certain enzyme and drug-resistance in ovarian cancer cells, as well as a way to counter the effect. She did the research the summer before her junior year of high school under the supervision of Alakananda Basu at the University of North Texas Health Science Center in Fort Worth. In August, Bose will go to Harvard University to study cellular and molecular biology. QCD Italy, France, Germany, Spain) and the US substantial amount of time to cover the School looks and – as intended – an informal atmosphere various topics of this multifaceted domain generated fruitful exchanges between the in an extensive way. George Sterman of lecturers, students and postdocs, as well as Stony Brook University gave his vision of forward to ep between experienced physicists. the factorization of hard processes in QCD. The scientific programme was constructed In a dense and rather demanding series of and eA colliders with a view to developing the skills of lectures, the audience explored with him the the students and postdocs in mastering fascinating aspects of pinching singularities the various theoretical and experimental and their physical meaning, from scalar to The International Spring School challenges raised by the different Yang-Mills theories, including the use of “QCD prospects for future ep and eA electron–proton and electron–ion collider Ward identities. Some aspects in particular colliders”, organized in the framework projects that are currently under study in were covered in an advanced school for the of the “Groupement de Recherche Europe and the US. To do this, it focused first time. Chromodynamique Quantique et Physique on several key topics, in the spirit of an Alfred Mueller of Columbia University des Hadrons”, took place at the Laboratoire ideal machine that would combine a high gave an overview of the most striking effects de Physique Théorique, Orsay, on 4–8 June. centre-of-mass energy, high luminosity of QCD dynamics at asymptotical energies The aim was to bring together PhD and beam-polarization facilities. Although in which he emphasized the saturation of students, postdocs and tenured physicists, covering mainly phenomenological and quarks and gluons. He relied particularly both theoreticians and experimentalists, theoretical issues, the programme also on his dipole model, a multicolour version whose main interest relates to the strong touched on the experimental aspects of the of QCD formulated in the light-cone interaction in nuclear and particle physics different projects. perturbation theory, which has a rich and its fundamental theory, QCD. A total of The four main lecturers, some of the dynamics with an illuminating physical 64 participants came from Europe (Belgium, leading experts in the field, were given a content.
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naturally in deeply virtual Compton scattering. In particular, he gave a comprehensive overview of the physical picture that is now available of the internal structure of hadrons, thanks to the combined The new efforts of the experimental and theoretical community over the past decade. Two shorter lectures on the projects for the Electron–Ion Collider and the Large Gauss Hadron–electron Collider were given by Franck Sabatié of l’Institut de Recherche sur les lois Fondamentales de l’Univers (Irfu) and Néstor Armesto of the University Piet Mulders presents the concept of of Santiago de Compostela. They showed meter transverse-momentum-dependent parton clearly that these challenging projects could magnetic field measurement distributions. (Image credit: Samuel have a major impact on the understanding Wallon.) of hadron structure, at both a qualitative and a quantitative level, with complementary unmatched accuracy Piet Mulders of VU University, aspects related to the medium- and Amsterdam, presented the new concept high-energy ranges that the colliders would slimmest probes of transverse-momentum-dependent cover. A lecture on jet physics by Leandro intuitive touch-screen parton distributions (TMDs) and their Almeida of l’Institut de Physique Théorique, interest for gaining access to the spin Saclay, completed the programme and content of the nucleon. He emphasized the some of the PhD students and postdocs gave factorization properties of processes such as seminars on their recent work. semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering in The school was financially supported by terms of these TMDs. The issues of potential the Labex P2IO, the GDR PH-QCD, the breaking of factorization with universal Université Paris Sud, the CNRS, the CEA/ time-odd TMDs were discussed at length. Irfu and the Joint Research Activity “Study Last, Marc Vanderhaeghen of the of Strongly Interacting Matter” HP3. Thanks University of Mainz covered various to this support, several PhD student obtained theoretical and phenomenological aspects a partial cover of their expenses. of the spatial structure of hadrons and ●● For more information about the generalized parton distributions. These school, see http://indico.in2P3.fr//event/ non-diagonal parton distributions occur QCD-ep-eA-colliders.
A p p o i n t m e n t Caterina Biscari to head ALBA facility Now available worldwide! Caterina Biscari has been appointed Find out more and order at our webshop: director of the CELLS consortium, which constructed and now operates ALBA, BROCKHAUS.COM/SHOP the third-generation synchrotron light source near Barcelona. Appointed by the consortium’s governing council, she takes Measuring Technology for Hard over from acting director Gastón García from September. The ALBA facility has Caterina Biscari. (Image credit: INFN.) and Soft Magnetic Materials been in operation since March this year, providing synchrotron light for a range of CERN and most recently at the Centro Dr. Brockhaus Messtechnik GmbH & Co. KG experiments (CERN Courier November Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica Gustav-Adolf-Str. 4 · D–58507 Lüdenscheid 2008 p31). in Pavia. Now a fellow and executive Germany Phone: +49 (0) 2351 3644-0 Biscari was previously technology director committee member of the of the European Fax: +49 (0) 2351 3644-44 and scientific deputy of the Accelerators Physical Society, she has also been chair [email protected] Division at INFN’s National Laboratory of the society’s Accelerator Group and of Frascati. She has worked in several is a member of the Machine Advisory WWW.BROCKHAUS.COM laboratories around the world, including Committee for the LHC.
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D e t e c t o r s Calorimetry aficionados meet in Sante Fe
The XVth International Conference on The first day of the conference was resolution. The measurement of missing Calorimetry in High Energy Physics, dedicated to the LHC. In two invited talks, transverse energy and jet energy-scale CALOR2012, took place in Santa Fe, CERN’s Guillaume Unal and Tommaso corrections in ATLAS and CMS were also New Mexico, on 4–8 June. This series of Tabarelli de Fatis of INFN/University of presented in several talks. conferences started in 1990 at Fermilab and Milano-Bicocca discussed the critical role Calorimetry is extremely diverse: many has been the premier event for calorimeter of the electromagnetic calorimeters in the different techniques may be employed in aficionados, a trend that CALOR2012 hunt for the Standard Model Higgs boson building the detector and also in extracting upheld. This year, several presentations in the ATLAS and CMS experiments, information from it. The topics of the focused on the status of major calorimeter respectively. With much of the higher Calorimeter Techniques sessions included systems, especially at the LHC. Discussions mass-region excluded for the Standard high-rate liquid-argon calorimeters, silicon on new and developing techniques in Model Higgs, the enhanced sensitivity photomultiplier sensors, highly granular calorimetry took a full day. Excellent for light Higgs in the two-gamma decay digital calorimeters, new crystals and updates on uses of calorimeters or ideas channel render electromagnetic calorimeters beam-test and simulation results. Don that are deeply rooted in particle-physics indispensable. Both of the speakers reported Groom of Lawrence Berkeley National calorimetry in astrophysics and neutrino exceptional performance and overall Laboratory presented an intriguing study physics were followed by talks on algorithms control of detector systematics, even in the on why a homogenous dual-read-out and special triggers that rely on calorimeters. increasingly harsh environment at 8 TeV in calorimeter is unlikely to work. Last, discussions of promising current the centre of mass. In the case of CMS, for Although natural media such as water developments and ongoing R&D work for example, precise intercalibration of towers, would hardly be choice absorbers in future calorimeters capped the conference. stabilization of environmental effects and accelerator-based experiments, they are The field is alive and well, as demonstrated corrections for uniform response in more nevertheless successfully exploited in by the more than 100 attendees and the than 75,000 lead-tungstate crystals result in searches for new phenomena. Members of excellent quality of the 80 presentations. much less than 1% constant term in energy the Telescope Array (Utah air), ANTARES
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(Mediterranean water) and ARA, been considered sacred by the indigenous ARIANNA, ANITA and other (Arctic Americans and have been a source of ice) collaborations discussed their use in inspiration for generations of artists, writers several talks. Invited speaker, Philippe and scientists. Robert Oppenheimer’s love of Bruel of the Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, this area played no small role in establishing, Ecole Polytechnique, gave an overview of during the Second World War, what is now the gamma-ray sky above 20 MeV using the nearby Los Alamos National Laboratory. the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope On the third day of the conference, some and the role of the hodoscope array of the participants visited the lab after an CsI(Tl) calorimeter. In a second invited awe-inspiring trip to the Bandelier National presentation, Sylvie Rosier-Lees of the Monument, where canyons and mesas show Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de physique evidence of a human presence going back des particules described the design of 11,000 years. the electromagnetic calorimeter (Pb/ In the 1980s, scientists mainly from Los scintillating fibre sandwich) for the Alpha Alamos set up the Santa Fe Institute, famed Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS-02), which Don Groom speaking at CALOR2012. for its interdisciplinary research. Geoffrey has been operating in the International Space (Image credit: N Akchurin.) West of the institute gave the keynote Station since May 2011 (p63) and has already address. His talk, “Universal scaling laws collected more than 15 billion events. technology options, and plans for the from cells to cities – a physicist’s search for In addition to making advances in dual-read-out DREAM project, were the quantitative, unified theories of biological calorimeter design, hardware and front-end main topics. Although these approaches and social structure and dynamics”, inspired electronics, particle physicists are are quite different conceptually, future many interesting questions from the increasingly finding themselves inventing experiments will certainly benefit from their audience both after the talk and throughout new algorithms to reconstruct physics innovations. the week during informal conversations. objects that use the detector information to Several events allowed participants CALOR2012 concluded with remarks its maximum capacity. Several presentations to share their interest in other topics. A by the chair of the organizing committee, provided details on the reconstruction and rare astronomical event – the transit of Nural Akchurin of Texas Tech University. trigger of jets, missing transverse energy, Venus – coincided with the second day of He summarized the highlights of the electrons, photons and τ leptons. Pile-up, the conference. The participants enjoyed conference and invited proposals to host anomalous signals and noise-mitigation viewing Venus’ trail across the Sun with a the CALOR2014 conference in Europe. techniques were also discussed in the solar telescope (H-alpha line at 656 nm). The conference venue rotates between the conference. In Santa Fe, the interior ingress was at Americas, Europe and Asia every two years. The last day saw the presentations of 16:23:04 MST (GMT–7) and reached centre ●● The CALOR12 presentations can be found several future R&D initiatives, in particular at 19:27:04 MST. The last transit occurred in at calor2012.ttu.edu and the proceedings for a future linear collider. The highly 2004 and the next one will happen in 2117. will be published by IOP (Journal of Physics granular CALICE project, with different The environs of Santa Fe have long Conference Series) in the autumn.
L e t t e r
Concrete vs concrete single-turn aluminium bars (thus nor cost, but linearity of the excitation Although the catch phrase “concrete suppressing the need for inter-turn curve at the required low field (the LEP magnets” applies to both developments, insulation), ground-insulated by glass-fibre dipoles operated at less than 10% of the there was actually little in common between and epoxy “gutters”. It was the yokes of field of conventional accelerator magnets). the concrete-potted coils developed at these magnets that were made of iron Cost (there are few materials cheaper than the Rutherford Laboratory and the dipole laminations interspaced with concrete, thus iron, but concrete is one!), weight and magnets for the Large Electron–Positron justifying the name of “concrete magnets”. rigidity (the yokes were in fact prestressed (LEP) collider referred to in the recent The prime rationale for this design, iron-and-concrete beams) came only as archive page (CERN Courier June 2012 p13). invented by Jean-Pierre Gourber and Renzo secondary benefits. The coils of the LEP dipoles were Resegotti, was neither radiation resistance Philippe Lebrun, CERN. JINR calls for nominations for Flerov prize
The Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, related to his interests. The contest is for Entries for the 2013 prizes should include Dubna, has announced the contest for the individual participants only. a CV, an abstract of research and copies 2013 G N Flerov Prize for outstanding For the centenary year, in which two of major contributions. These should achievements in nuclear physics, which will prizes will be awarded, the Flerov Prize be sent by 1 February 2013 to: Sergey be awarded in March 2013, on the centenary board invites both individual submissions Sidorchuk, Scientific Secretary of the of the birth of the eminent Russian physicist, and nominations by the former winners of Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, Georgy Nikolaevich Flerov. The prize was the prize and by distinguished scientists Joliot Curie str. 6, 141980, Dubna, Moscow established in 1992 in memory of Flerov in low-energy heavy-ion physics, nuclear Region, Russia; or by e-mail to sid@nrmail. and rewards contributions to nuclear physics chemistry and applied nuclear research. jinr.ru.
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O b i t u a r i e s Friedhelm Brasse 1929–2011 Friedhelm Brasse, one of the leading time when the NA9 extension of the EMC physicists in the early days of lepton–hadron project was about to be installed, in which deep-inelastic scattering, passed away in further substantial detectors were added to October 2011. the experiment – most notably a streamer After his studies at the University of chamber. Bonn, Friedhelm received his PhD at the In the early 1980s, work began at Max-Planck Institute for Iron Research DESY on the preparation of the HERA in Düsseldorf. From 1959 he worked at experiments. Once the H1 collaboration had the DESY synchrotron in its early years formed, Friedhelm led the prototype tests on the slow extraction of electron beams, of the liquid-argon calorimeter modules interwoven with a short period at the in test beams at CERN – an experiment Cambridge Electron Accelerator. in its own right. It was then only natural In 1963, Friedhelm began work to make that he be nominated as the first technical measurements of nucleon form-factors co-ordinator of the H1 experiment in 1986. using a magnetic spectrometer situated in His exceptional technical competence and the DESY ring. The first paper from the strong determination to get things done experiment concerned a search for heavy on time and in the right way meant that H1 electrons and was followed by precise was ready to take cosmic-ray data with all measurements of the proton and deuteron detectors operational several months before form-factors. Early results were obtained in the first electron and proton beams were even collaboration with a group from Karlsruhe Friedhelm Brasse on the occasion of his available. Friedhelm continued as technical led by Herwig Schopper. Eager to explore retirement. (Image credit: DESY.) co-ordinator until his retirement in 1994, the really unknown, Friedhelm and his successfully leading H1 through the first group turned their attention to the inelastic spectrometers continued to be made, data-taking periods at HERA. kinematic region. They measured large enabling measurements of higher-mass Friedhelm had a strong personality cross-sections, which in hindsight can be nucleon resonances and of the inelastic coupled with a determination always to seen as first indications of the partonic continuum. complete what he felt should be done next. substructure of the nucleon and, which, The muon beam at CERN’s Super Proton He never hesitated to take far-reaching and when later measured at the higher energies Synchrotron (SPS) made it possible to sometimes difficult decisions. Like most available at SLAC, were unambiguously extend the kinematic reach of deep-inelastic strong characters, working with him was interpreted as the discovery of partons scattering experiments. Friedhelm made not always comfortable but it was always as constituents of hadronic matter. important contributions to the design of productive and stimulating. Everyone Subsequently in 1969, the combination of the muon beam and also played a leading with whom he worked in his various data from DESY and SLAC was shown to be role in the experiments of the European collaborations, including a large number of consistent with these partons having spin 1/2. Muon collaboration (EMC). His group at PhD students, benefited from, acknowledged In the first international collaboration at DESY contributed large drift chambers, a and appreciated his dedication, his DESY with Collège de France, Friedhelm programmable trigger matrix and the active competence, the thoroughness that he investigated the electroproduction of iron target, which turned out to be important brought to all his work and the success that π0 mesons at the lowest pion–nucleon for the discovery of the “EMC effect”. almost always followed. resonance. Improvements to his He was elected EMC spokesperson at a ●● His colleagues and his friends. Michael J Losty 1943–2012 Physicist Mike Losty passed away suddenly the 2 m bubble chamber at CERN. This early run of the 2 m chamber (3 million pictures) at home in Vancouver on 31 May. link to CERN would shape Mike’s entire to look at the production of strange particles A true Londoner, Mike started his physics career. In the context of ever bigger in 4.2 GeV/c K–p collisions. The wealth of physics studies at Imperial College and international collaborations, he became a new data, especially in meson and baryon obtained a BSc in 1965. Following his well known figure in data-taking, analysis spectroscopy, was probably the catalyst for MSc at the University of Pennsylvania, he and computing. Mike to become a member of the Particle returned to London and completed a PhD Moving to CERN in 1971, he joined Data Group (PDG), a position that he held in 1971. At that time, Imperial College was the Track Chamber Division and became from 1976 until 1984. In his recent memoirs, already active in the relatively new field of a member of Lucien Montanet’s group, Matts Roos remembers Mike as the person bubble-chamber experiments. Mike made investigating π–p collisions at 3.9 GeV/c who started the tradition of celebrating each his thesis on nuclear-resonance production, in the 2 m chamber. A few years later, the new PDG review at a nice restaurant across combining data from 16 GeV/c pp and groups of Montanet and Rafaël Armenteros the French border from CERN. 10 GeV/c K–p experiments performed with joined forces to mount the first high-statistics In 1977, Mike left CERN and took up a
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temporary position at Lawrence Berkeley subsequently served two one-year terms at Laboratory, which allowed him to continue CERN as overall software co-ordinator for his major contribution to the meson OPAL. compilation for the PDG. Last, he obtained At the end of LEP, Mike moved to a permanent position in Canada in the TRIUMF in Vancouver in 2000, where he high-energy physics group of the National remained until his retirement in 2008. There, Research Council (NRCC) in Ottawa. he worked on the construction of the ATLAS He spent several years in the early 1980s hadronic endcap calorimeters, maintaining working on tagged-photon experiments at the complex construction database that Fermilab – first on experiment E516, then tracked all of the materials used, and he on its highly successful successor E691. continued to make regular visits to CERN to On E516 he combined the best features of attend software and calorimeter meetings. two competing attempts at charged-track He remained an active member of ATLAS reconstruction, thus improving the overall after his retirement, going in to TRIUMF tracking and physics potential. several times a week to read papers and have When Canada joined the OPAL experiment lunch with former colleagues. at CERN’s Large Electron–Positron (LEP) Mike leaves behind a loving extended collider, the two Ottawa groups – NRCC family as well as a close group of friends and and Carleton University – became the initial colleagues at TRIUMF, CERN and across thrust in what became a major contribution the Canadian and international high-energy involving four additional Canadian groups. physics community. He will be greatly Mike took responsibility for the track Mike Losty. (Image credit: Steve Losty.) missed. reconstruction of the Canadian Z-chambers. ●● Vladi Chaloupka, Peter Dornan, Penny He was always a pleasure to work with at he was also always ready to get his hands Estabrooks, Richard Hemingway, Hans OPAL; skilled in data handling, fitting, etc, dirty and to advise other collaborators. He Mes, Peter Schmid, Isabel Trigger.
N e w p r o d u c t s
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