Circassian Bibliographies & Periodicals
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Circassian Religion.Pdf
Circassian Religion and Beliefs Circassian Religion and Beliefs A Descriptive Account Amjad Jaimoukha 2009 1 Circassian Culture & Folklore First published 2009 by © 2009 Amjad Jaimoukha Typeset in Printed and bound in by All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. A catalogue record for this document is available from ( ) ISBN 2 Contents Introduction 5 1. Time-line of Faith 7 2. Ancient Native Religion & Mythology 9 The Circassian Pantheon 10 List of Circassian Deities 13 Tenets of Polytheism 16 Rites & Ceremonies 17 Oaths & Vows 20 Holidays & Festivals 21 Augury & Astrology 27 Rites of Devotion to Specific Deities 29 Hentsegwasche 29 Sozeresh 33 Zchegwpathe 38 Theghelej 39 Lords of the hunt: Mezithe and Dawischjerjiy 40 Lhepsch 41 Beliefs & Cults 44 Immortality of the soul 44 Ancestor worship 45 Cult of the hero 45 Pyrolatry 45 The Circassian hearth: The inner sanctum 47 Tree worship 48 Entreaties & toasts 50 Death & life after life 52 Magic numbers: ‘Seven’ and ‘three’ 57 Magic & witchcraft 58 Superstitions, jinxes, omens & black cats 59 3 3. Related Religions 60 Circassian & Abkhaz Pantheons 60 Connection with Hattian Religion 62 4. Christianity 64 Christian Festivals 69 Christmas 69 Easter 72 ‘Night of the Wolf-burrow’ and the Assumption of Our Lady 72 5. Spread of Islam 75 6. Contemporary Religion 77 Religion under Communism 77 Glasnost & Post-Soviet Period 78 Religion Today 80 Appendices 84 1. -
Circassian Customs & Traditions
Circassian Customs & Traditions АДЫГЭ ХАБЗЭ 1 Circassian Customs & Traditions Amjad M. Jaimoukha [compiler, editor, translator] АДЫГЭ ХАБЗЭ Жэмыхъуэ Амджэд (Амыщ) In English and Circassian (supplementary) Centre for Circassian Studies 2014 2 Circassian Customs & Traditions Circassian Culture & Folklore Second edition 2014 First published 2009 © 2014 Amjad Jaimoukha All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. 3 Contents Introduction 5 1. Birth 10 2. Christening 15 3. Upbringing 17 4. Courtship and Marriage 28 5. Divorce and Bigamy 62 6. ‘In sickness and in health’ 63 7. Death and Obsequies 70 8. Greetings and Salutes 80 9. The Circassian Code of Chivalry 83 • Respect for Women and Elders 84 • Blood-revenge 86 • Hospitality and Feasts 89 Appendices 1. Proverbs and Sayings on Circassian Customs and Traditions 115 2. Proverbs and Sayings Associated with Hospitality Traditions 141 References and Bibliography 162 4 Introduction IRCASSIAN customs and social norms are enshrined in an orally- C transmitted code called ‘Adige Xabze’—‘Circassian Etiquette’ [«адыгэ хабзэ»]. This rigid and complex system of morals had evolved to ensure that strict militaristic discipline was maintained at all times to defend the country against the many invaders who coveted Circassian lands. In addition, social niceties and graces greased the wheels of social interaction, and a person’s good conduct ensured his survival and prosperity. The Xabze served as the law for ad hoc courts and councils set up to resolve contentious cases and other moot issues, and pronounce binding judgements. -
Renewed Circassian Mobilization in the North Caucasus 20-Years After the Fall of the Soviet Union
Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe Vol 11, No 2, 2012, 103-135 Copyright © ECMI 21 December 2012 This article is located at: http://www.ecmi.de/publications/detail/issue-22012-vol-11-254/ Renewed Circassian Mobilization in the North Caucasus 20-years after the Fall of the Soviet Union Lars Funch Hansen* University of Copenhagen The renewed ethnic mobilization among Circassians in the North Caucasus region in Russia that has unfolded since the latter half of the 2000s is illustrated by the establishment of new civil society organizations and a substantially increased number of internet-based initiatives. All of this reflects a new and increased form of agency and unity among the Circassians in which youth activism has played key role. It also illustrates how Circassian civil society actors and cyber-activists have not only been able to establish a counter-public sphere or develop a new space for action, but also increasingly have been able to move key issues from Circassian spheres into the wider public sphere of mainstream Russian media and politics. The upcoming 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia, in particular, has functioned as a lever in this process, which has also resulted in increasing support among Circassians for calls for recognition of the nineteenth century forced expulsion of the majority of the Circassians from the Caucasus as an act of genocide. In this manner, a mega-event such as the Sochi Olympics has contributed to generating a more radical or politicized understanding or framing of the Caucasian exodus that, since the fall of the Soviet Union, has generally been known as “our national tragedy”. -
Danish Immigration Service
Danish Immigration Service _______________________________________________ Report of the roving attaché mission to Georgia 16 November – 21 November 1998 Copenhagen, October 1999 Report on rowing attache mission to Georgia Contents 1.0. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 4 1.1. BACKGROUND TO MISSION ..................................................................................................................... 4 1.2. PURPOSE OF MISSION............................................................................................................................. 4 2.0. GENERAL POLITICAL SITUATION IN GEORGIA ...................................................................... 5 2.1. BACKGROUND........................................................................................................................................ 5 2.2. POLITICAL SYSTEM ................................................................................................................................. 5 2.3. POLITICAL PARTIES ................................................................................................................................6 2.4. ZVIADIST PARTIES................................................................................................................................... 6 2.5. ELECTIONS TO LOCAL COUNCILS ............................................................................................................ 7 2.6. -
The Caucasus Globalization
Volume 7 Issue 1-2 2013 1 THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION INSTITUTE OF STRATEGIC STUDIES OF THE CAUCASUS THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION Journal of Social, Political and Economic Studies Volume 7 Issue 1-2 2013 CA&CC Press® SWEDEN 2 Volume 7 Issue 1-2 2013 THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION FOUNDED AND PUBLISHED BY INSTITUTE OF STRATEGIC STUDIES OF THE CAUCASUS Registration number: M-770 Ministry of Justice of Azerbaijan Republic PUBLISHING HOUSE CA&CC Press® Sweden Registration number: 556699-5964 Registration number of the journal: 1218 Editorial Council Eldar Chairman of the Editorial Council (Baku) ISMAILOV Tel/fax: (994 – 12) 497 12 22 E-mail: [email protected] Kenan Executive Secretary (Baku) ALLAHVERDIEV Tel: (994 – 12) 596 11 73 E-mail: [email protected] Azer represents the journal in Russia (Moscow) SAFAROV Tel: (7 – 495) 937 77 27 E-mail: [email protected] Nodar represents the journal in Georgia (Tbilisi) KHADURI Tel: (995 – 32) 99 59 67 E-mail: [email protected] Ayca represents the journal in Turkey (Ankara) ERGUN Tel: (+90 – 312) 210 59 96 E-mail: [email protected] Editorial Board Nazim Editor-in-Chief (Azerbaijan) MUZAFFARLI Tel: (994 – 12) 510 32 52 E-mail: [email protected] (IMANOV) Vladimer Deputy Editor-in-Chief (Georgia) PAPAVA Tel: (995 – 32) 24 35 55 E-mail: [email protected] Akif Deputy Editor-in-Chief (Azerbaijan) ABDULLAEV Tel: (994 – 12) 596 11 73 E-mail: [email protected] Volume 7 IssueMembers 1-2 2013 of Editorial Board: 3 THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION Zaza D.Sc. (History), Professor, Corresponding member of the Georgian National Academy of ALEKSIDZE Sciences, head of the scientific department of the Korneli Kekelidze Institute of Manu- scripts (Georgia) Mustafa AYDIN Rector of Kadir Has University (Turkey) Irina BABICH D.Sc. -
Circassian Bibliography & Library
Circassian Bibliography & Library Circassian Bibliography & Library Compiled and edited by Amjad M. Jaimoukha Адыгэ Библиографие Зэхуэзыхьэсар Жэмыхъуэ Мыхьмуд и къуэ Амджэдщ (Амыщщ) (Last updated: 4 July 2009) Sanjalay Book Press СЭНДЖЭЛЕЙ ТХЫЛЪ ТЕДЗАПIЭ 2009 1 Circassian Culture & Folklore First published 2009 by © 2009 Amjad Jaimoukha Typeset in Printed and bound in by All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. A catalogue record for this document is available from ( ) ISBN 2 Contents Introduction Bibliographies and Journals Bibliographies Journals, Serials, Periodicals, Newsletters, Magazines & Newspapers Bibliography and Library Appendix: The Circassians Other works by author 3 Introduction There are more than 2,000 entries in this compilation, mainly in Western European languages, including more than 120 online books, articles and dissertations. There are also sections on Circassian bibliographies and periodicals (journals, serials, magazines, newsletters, and newspapers). The scope of this work has been extended to include all the works on the Circassians and related issues in Circassian (Kabardian and Adigean) and Russian. Where possible, original names of Adiga writers are given in brackets after their Russian versions. The information between square brackets at end of an entry is mainly my commentary on the contents and other additions. Every effort has been made to include all diacritics in French, German, Turkish, and other entries. There has been literally an explosion in the number of publications on Circassian issues since the beginning of the third millennium of our era. -
The North Caucasus in the Second Half of the Sixteenth Century: Imperial Entanglements and Shifting Loyalties
The North Caucasus in the Second Half of the Sixteenth Century: Imperial Entanglements and Shifting Loyalties by Murat Yasar A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Near and Middle Eastern Civilizations University of Toronto © Murat Yasar 2011 The North Caucasus in the Second Half of the Sixteenth Century: Imperial Entanglements and Shifting Loyalties Murat Yasar Doctor of Philosophy Near and Middle Eastern Civilizations University of Toronto 2011 Abstract The present dissertation seeks to present and analyze the hitherto poorly understood first encounter between the Ottoman Empire and the Tsardom of Muscovy in the North Caucasus from the Muscovites’ annexation of the nearby Khanate of Astrakhan in 1556 and subsequent penetration into this region, to their expulsion from it by the Ottomans in 1605. The study relies on both Ottoman and Muscovite sources, both documentary and narrative, as well as archival and published. The main archival documentary sources are the Ottoman mühimme defters (registers of orders issued by the Imperial Council [Divan-i Hümayun]) and the Muscovite posol’skie knigi (registers of diplomatic documentation, including ambassadorial reports, diplomatic correspondence, and other documents administered by the Ambassadorial Office [Posol’skii Prikaz]). The main narrative sources are sixteenth-century Ottoman and Muscovite chronicles. On the basis of the Ottoman and Muscovite documentary sources it is possible to determine what Ottoman and Muscovite policies in the North Caucasus were, to what degree they were well- formulated, and how they evolved during the aforementioned time period. It becomes clear that ii Ottoman and Muscovite policies in the Pontic-Caspian steppes and specifically in the North Caucasus had some superficial similarities, but were in essence fundamentally different. -
Maintenance of the Circassian Language in Jordan Self-Identification, Attitudes, Policies and Practices As Indicators of Linguistic Vitality
Maintenance of the Circassian Language in Jordan Self-identification, attitudes, policies and practices as indicators of linguistic vitality Ulle Rannut, PhD Current research was supported by the Andrew W.Mellon Fellowship award at the American Center of Oriental Research in Amman in 2007 and 2011. Amman, 2011 IRI Publications Author Ulle Rannut IRI Language Policy Publications 2011 E-Publication Integratsiooni Uuringute Instituut /Integration Research Institute (IRI) http://www.integrationresearch.net http://www.integrationresearch.net/circassian-language-maintenance.html Acknowledgements The current research was conducted in the framework of the Andrew W Mellon Foundation Fellowship in American Center of Oriental Research in Jordan 2007 and 2011. Copyright © 2011 Ulle Rannut, http://www.integrationresearch.net All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the publisher. 1 Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 3 1.The settlement, proportion and number of Circassians in Jordan ........................................................ 5 1.1. Ethnic background and settlement in Jordan ................................................................................ 5 1.2. Investigating the number of Circassians in Jordan ....................................................................... 6 1.3.Exposing the reasons for manipulation with -
From Julius Klaproth to Friedrich Bodenstedt: German Scholars of the 19Th Century Discovering the Caucasus
Khazar Journal Of Humanities and Social Sciences Special Issue, 2018 ©Khazar University Press, 2018 DOI: 10.5782/.kjhss.2018.270.286 From Julius Klaproth to Friedrich Bodenstedt: German scholars of the 19th century discovering the Caucasus Michel Espagne CNRS, Paris, France When European science began exploring the space of the Caucausus in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, it found itself before an extraordinarily diverse array of languages and ethnic groups among which it set out to classify the differences and similarities in order to recognize a coherent system. Theses coherences were constructions aiming to understand and therefore to justify Russian dominance. Paradoxically, this work was primarily carried out by Germans in the service of Russia. The work of these, mostly Orientalists, travelers consisted in establishing typologies, but also in contextualizing them within a historical process beginning in Antiquity and leading up to the Russian occupation. Transfers through time among the dominant religions or ethnic groups which left their mark on the history of the Caucasus are superimposed upon the exchanges and passages between one given culture and another. In their concern with legitimizing the Russian Empire’s hold over the Caucasus, these German travelers also presented the Russians as heirs to Caucasian culture. In the same way that the Georgians are a bit Tartar, the Cossacks are a bit Circassian. These travel writings reveal more a pattern of circulation than a typology. When Catherine of Russia decided in 1767 to send members of the Academy of Sciences throughout all parts of her Empire in order to describe the inhabitants, the characteristics, and the products of each region, the Caucasus and Georgia fell within the share of Johann Anton Güldenstädt (1745-1781)1, of Riga, who journeyed throughout the country between 1769 and 1775. -
The Circassian Revival: a Quest for Recognition
The Circassian Revival: A Quest for Recognition Mediated transnational mobilisation and memorialisation among a geographically dispersed people from the Caucasus Hansen, Lars Funch Publication date: 2014 Document version Early version, also known as pre-print Citation for published version (APA): Hansen, L. F. (2014). The Circassian Revival: A Quest for Recognition: Mediated transnational mobilisation and memorialisation among a geographically dispersed people from the Caucasus. Det Humanistiske Fakultet, Københavns Universitet. Download date: 30. Sep. 2021 The Circassian Revival: A Quest for Recognition Mediated transnational mobilisation and memorialisation among a geographically dispersed people from the Caucasus PhD Thesis by Lars Funch Hansen Centre for Comparative Cultural Studies Department of Cross-Cultural and Regional Studies University of Copenhagen February 2014 1 2 Contents Preface ......................................................................................................................... 5 Part I 1. The Circassian Revival ........................................................................................ 7 The Aim and Relevance of the Thesis ................................................................. 8 The Themes of the Thesis .................................................................................. 13 Mediation, Internet and Digital Diaspora ........................................................... 14 Memorialisation ................................................................................................. -
4/2011 Chechens in the Russian Federation
4/2011 ENG Chechens in the Russian Federation Report from Danish Immigration Service’s fact finding mission to Moscow and St. Petersburg, the Russian Federation 12 to 29 June 2011 Copenhagen, October 2011 Danish Immigration Service Ryesgade 53 2100 Copenhagen Ø Phone: 00 45 35 36 66 00 Web: www.newtodenmark.dk E-mail: [email protected] Chechens in the Russian Federation Overview of fact finding reports published in 2010 and 2011 Honour Crimes against Men in Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI) and the Availability of Protection, Report from Danish Immigration Service‟s fact-finding mission to Erbil, Sulemaniyah and Dahuk, KRI, 6 to 20 January 2010 2010: 1 Entry Procedures and Residence in Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI) for Iraqi Nationals, Report from Danish Immigration Service‟s fact-finding mission to Erbil, Sulemaniyah, Dahuk, KRI and Amman, Jordan, 6 to 20 January and 25 February to 15 March 2010 2010: 2 Human rights issues concerning Kurds in Syria, Report of a joint fact finding mission by the Danish Immigration Service (DIS) and ACCORD/Austrian Red Cross to Damascus, Syria, Beirut, Lebanon, and Erbil and Dohuk, Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI), 21 January to 8 February 2010 2010: 3 Allegations against the National Agency for the Prohibition of Traffic in Persons (NAPTIP) and warnings against return to Nigeria, Report from Danish Immigration Service‟s fact-finding mission to Abuja, Nigeria, 9 to 17 June 2010 2010: 4 Security and Human Rights in South/Central Iraq, Report from Danish Immigration Service‟s fact- finding mission to Amman, Jordan and -
Reflections on Abkhazia
REFLECTIONS ON ABKHAZIA [14 August] 1992-2012 ABKHAZ WORLD Introduction The bulk of the world’s ethnic Abkhazians today live in Turkey as part of the North West Caucasian diaspora, their ancestors having lost their homeland as a consequence of Russia’s victory in the 19th- century Caucasian War, which ended in 1864. But it was not Russians who were destined to be seen as presenting the main threat to the well-being (or even survival) of the Abkhazians during the eventful years of the 20th and early 21st centuries. Today, exactly twenty years have passed since Georgian tanks rolled across the bridge over the River Ingur, thereby sparking the war with Abkhazia, which was to last for 14 months and to cost the Abkhazians 4% of their local population, every family in Abkhazia lost at least one of their members — not for nothing has Abkhazian historian, Stanislav Lakoba, spoken of his motherland as lying between hammer and anvil. Despite the fact that Eduard Shevardnadze, who headed Georgia’s State Council at the start of hostilities, has acknowledged that the war was “our biggest mistake”, Georgia has done nothing to make amends; on the contrary, it has continued to make grave mistakes. Since the end of the war in September 1993 Georgia has not only done its best to have Abkhazia isolated internationally but has attempted more than once again to essay the military option there, supporting acts of sabotage and terrorism launched from its western province of Mingrelia, which is separated from Abkhazia by the Ingur. Georgia’s final huge miscalculation came in 2008, when, late on 7 August, President Mikheil Saakashvili issued the order for Georgian troops to attack South Ossetia.