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Diplomarbeit CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by OTHES Diplomarbeit Titel der Diplomarbeit „Der politische Katholizismus in der jüngeren Geschichte. Analysiert am Beispiel Deutschland und Österreich.“ Verfasserin Maria Macalik Angestrebter akademischer Grad Magistra der Philosophie (Mag. phil.) Wien, 2012 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 300 Studienrichtung lt. Studienkennblatt: Politikwissenschaft Betreuer: Univ.-Doz. Dr. Hannes Wimmer Inhaltsverzeichnis: Vorwort 1 Einleitung ................................................................................................................. 11 2 Begriffsbestimmungen ............................................................................................ 15 2.1 Religion ............................................................................................................... 15 2.2 Kirche .................................................................................................................. 18 2.3 Katholizismus ..................................................................................................... 21 2.3.1 Politischer Katholizismus ........................................................................... 22 2.4 Staat ..................................................................................................................... 26 3 Historische Entwicklung des Politischen Katholizismus ..................................... 29 3.1 Von der Spätantike bis zum Mittelalter .............................................................. 29 3.2 Der Politische Katholizismus vom Mittelalter bis zur Französischen Revolution ........................................................................................................... 30 3.3 Der Politische Katholizismus von der Französischen Revolution bis zum Wiener Kongress ................................................................................................. 32 3.3.1 Deutschland ................................................................................................ 33 3.3.2 Österreich .................................................................................................... 34 3.4 Der Politische Katholizismus von 1815-1848 .................................................... 35 3.4.1 Deutschland ................................................................................................ 35 3.4.2 Österreich .................................................................................................... 39 3.5 Die Revolution von 1848/1849 ........................................................................... 40 3.5.1 Deutschland ................................................................................................ 40 3.5.2 Österreich .................................................................................................... 42 3 3.6 Der Politische Katholizismus von 1848-1870 ..................................................... 42 3.6.1 Deutschland ................................................................................................. 42 3.7 Der Politische Katholizismus von 1870-1918 ..................................................... 45 3.7.1 Deutschland ................................................................................................. 45 3.7.2 Österreich .................................................................................................... 46 3.8 Der Politische Katholizismus von 1919-1934 ..................................................... 47 3.8.1 Deutschland ................................................................................................. 47 3.8.2 Österreich .................................................................................................... 49 3.8.2.1 Prälat und Bundeskanzler Dr. Ignaz Seipel .......................................... 54 4 Cleavage Theorie ..................................................................................................... 59 4.1 Kritische Phasen und politische Spaltungen ........................................................ 60 4.2 Spaltungslinie Staat versus Kirche ...................................................................... 63 5 Die Säkularisierung ................................................................................................. 65 5.1 Beginn der Säkularisierung: Der Investiturstreit ................................................. 65 5.2 Zweiter Schritt der Säkularisierung: Die Reformation ........................................ 67 5.3 Die Restauration .................................................................................................. 68 5.4 Säkularisierung in Deutschland ........................................................................... 69 5.5 Säkularisierung in Österreich .............................................................................. 70 6 Die Medienmacht der katholischen Kirche .......................................................... 71 6.1 Deutschland ......................................................................................................... 71 6.2 Österreich ............................................................................................................ 72 7 Die päpstlichen Enzykliken .................................................................................... 77 7.1 „Rerum novarum“ ............................................................................................... 77 4 7.1.1 Lohngerechtigkeit ....................................................................................... 77 7.1.2 Koalitionsrecht ............................................................................................ 77 7.1.3 Staatsintervention ....................................................................................... 78 7.2 „Quadragesimo anno“ ......................................................................................... 78 7.2.1 Umsetzung in der Politik in Österreich ....................................................... 83 8 Das katholische Vereinswesen ............................................................................... 85 8.1 Deutschland ......................................................................................................... 85 8.2 Österreich ............................................................................................................ 86 8.2.1 Katholische Organisationen, Bewegungen, Vereine, Presse ...................... 86 9 Die Parteien und ihre Entwicklung ....................................................................... 89 9.1 Deutschland ......................................................................................................... 89 9.1.1 Die Konservativen ...................................................................................... 91 9.1.2 Liberalen ..................................................................................................... 92 9.1.3 Radikale und Sozialisten ............................................................................. 92 9.1.4 Die Klerikalen ............................................................................................. 93 9.1.5 Die Zentrumspartei ..................................................................................... 93 9.2 Österreich ............................................................................................................ 97 9.2.1 Liberalismus ............................................................................................... 97 9.2.2 Sozialdemokratische Arbeiterpartei ............................................................ 98 9.2.3 Die Christlichsoziale Partei ...................................................................... 101 9.2.3.1 Parteiführer Karl Lueger .................................................................... 106 9.2.3.2 Die Christlichsoziale Partei und die Judenfrage ................................ 107 5 10 Deutschland ............................................................................................................ 113 10.1 Kulturkampf ...................................................................................................... 113 10.1.1 Preußen ...................................................................................................... 119 10.1.2 Bayern ....................................................................................................... 125 10.1.3 Die Zentrumspartei .................................................................................... 125 10.1.3.1 Parteiführer Ludwig Windthorst ...................................................... 128 10.1.3.2 Das Zentrum und die Judenfrage ..................................................... 128 11 Österreich ............................................................................................................... 131 11.1 Kulturkampf ...................................................................................................... 133 11.2 Das Konkordat von 1855 ................................................................................... 135 11.2.1 Die Lösung des Konkordates 1870-1874 .................................................. 137 11.3 Die Kulturpolitik von 1874 bis1918 .................................................................. 138 11.4 Christkönigsideologie Ende der 1920er ............................................................ 138 12 Zusammenfassung ................................................................................................
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