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Organised Crime Around the World
European Institute for Crime Prevention and Control, affiliated with the United Nations (HEUNI) P.O.Box 161, FIN-00131 Helsinki Finland Publication Series No. 31 ORGANISED CRIME AROUND THE WORLD Sabrina Adamoli Andrea Di Nicola Ernesto U. Savona and Paola Zoffi Helsinki 1998 Copiescanbepurchasedfrom: AcademicBookstore CriminalJusticePress P.O.Box128 P.O.Box249 FIN-00101 Helsinki Monsey,NewYork10952 Finland USA ISBN951-53-1746-0 ISSN 1237-4741 Pagelayout:DTPageOy,Helsinki,Finland PrintedbyTammer-PainoOy,Tampere,Finland,1998 Foreword The spread of organized crime around the world has stimulated considerable national and international action. Much of this action has emerged only over the last few years. The tools to be used in responding to the challenges posed by organized crime are still being tested. One of the difficulties in designing effective countermeasures has been a lack of information on what organized crime actually is, and on what measures have proven effective elsewhere. Furthermore, international dis- cussion is often hampered by the murkiness of the definition of organized crime; while some may be speaking about drug trafficking, others are talking about trafficking in migrants, and still others about racketeering or corrup- tion. This report describes recent trends in organized crime and in national and international countermeasures around the world. In doing so, it provides the necessary basis for a rational discussion of the many manifestations of organized crime, and of what action should be undertaken. The report is based on numerous studies, official reports and news reports. Given the broad topic and the rapidly changing nature of organized crime, the report does not seek to be exhaustive. -
Transnational Threats Update
TRANSNATIONAL THREATS UPDATE Volume 3 • Number 8 • June 2005 “Defending our Nation against its enemies is the first and fundamental commitment of the Federal Government. Today, that task has changed dramatically. Enemies in the past needed great armies and great industrial capabilities to endanger America. Now, shadowy networks of individuals can bring great chaos and suffering to our shores for less than it costs to purchase a single tank. Terrorists are organized to penetrate open societies and to turn the power of modern technologies against us.” President George W. Bush, 2002 National Security Strategy was killed while placing a roadside bomb along the CONTENTS Damascus-Zabadani road in January. No official Terrorism.…………………….…..…………1 confirmation of the story was released, but Syria’s Money Laundering…….……………….....3 newspapers, which provided details of the raid and the Drug Trafficking…..……………………….3 thwarted terror attack, are government-controlled. Organized Crime…..….…..……………….4 Antiterror Measures…..……………..…...6 The name of the group Jund al-Sham Organization for Jihad and Tawhid surfaced for the first time following this incident. According to the London-based Arabic Terrorism newspaper Al-Hayat, the group had an “ideological, political, and military project against the political Terrorist Cell Broken Up in Syria systems and positive laws in the three countries of Bilad al-Sham—Syria, Jordan and Lebanon—and On June 10, Syrian law enforcement dismantled a against Iraq, which is occupied by the Crusaders.” terrorist cell that was part of a radical group called Death threats to Islamic deputy Muhammad Habash Jund al-Sham Organization for Jihad and Tawhid. The and accusations of agnosticism over the past few leader of the cell, Abu-Umar, and his assistant, Abu- months may be evidence of pockets of emerging Ahmad, were killed during a raid of a house on the intolerance and fanaticism in this authoritarian country. -
Criminal Innovation and Illicit Global Markets: Transnational Crime in Asia
Criminal innovation and illicit global markets: transnational crime in Asia Dr Roderic Broadhurst, Professor of Criminology, Research School of Social Science, and Fellow Research School of Asia and the Pacific. Conference Paper, (April 13, 2016) Philippine Social Science Council Beyond Politics and Spectacle: Crime, Drugs and Punishment, March 17-18, 2017, Manila, Quezon City Acknowledgements I am grateful to Thierry and Brigitte Bouhours for their careful comments and suggestions on an early draft. I also thank Ho-Woon Chung and Professor Filomin Gutierrez of the University of the Philippine for their assistance and the Philippine Social Science Council for the invitation to speak in Manila. Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2842099 Abstract The size and reach of the market in illicit products and services reflect patterns of globalization, economic growth, and armed conflict as well as government and civil society responses to the impacts of these markets. In Asia, these illicit markets have grown rapidly with the opening up of trade and development of China, India and ASEAN boosted by infrastructure development and increased wealth. Traditional crime groups have re-vitalized and new entrepreneurial crime groups have emerged to capitalise on the illicit market opportunities contributing to a surge in the distribution and the use of narcotics as well as other contraband (i.e. counterfeit products and medicines, timber, exotic species, e-waste, weapons, labour trafficking) in Asia and worldwide. These developments have triggered extreme responses, such as Philippines’ President Duterte’s bloody ‘war on drugs’. Illicit drugs account for more than a third of the estimated annual $US100 billion criminal economy in Asia (UNODC, 2013). -
Criminals, Crimes and Cruelty
Contents Contents .....................................................................2 The Undead................................................................20 CHAPTER 1: Introduction.........................................5 Supernatural Creatures ..............................................21 The Forces of Darkness................................................. 5 The Religious Right ....................................................21 The Benefits of Being Evil ............................................ 5 CHAPTER 4: Super Villain Organizations............ 22 Choosing an Evil Name................................................ 5 Locations for your Lair ................................................22 Motives......................................................................... 6 Medieval Castle ..........................................................22 How to do an Evil Laugh............................................... 6 Giant Corporate Tower ...............................................22 Good times to use your evil laugh: ............................... 6 Underground Secret Headquarters of Doom ..............22 CHAPTER 2: Playing Super Villains .......................7 Abandoned Church.....................................................22 Careers for the Evil Doer ............................................... 7 Fake Mountain............................................................22 Criminal Mastermind .................................................... 7 Desert Island ..............................................................22 -
Biden-Suga Summit Highlights Alignment Over Taiwan Strait KMT
Global Taiwan Brief Vol. 6, Issue 8 Global Taiwan Brief Vol 6. Issue1 8 Biden-Suga Summit Highlights Alignment over Taiwan Strait Russell Hsiao KMT Assets a Barrier to Party Reform and Electoral Success Daniel Anaforian Xinjiang Cotton Shines Spotlight on Uyghur Issue in Taiwan I-wei Jennifer Chang The War Threat Against Taiwan: Preparing for All Contingencies J. Michael Cole Beijing Touts Naval Activity in its Pressure Campaign Against Taiwan John Dotson Biden-Suga Summit Highlights Alignment over Taiwan Strait The Global Taiwan Brief is a By: Russell Hsiao bi-weekly publication released ev- ery other Wednesday and provides Russell Hsiao is the executive director of the Global Taiwan Institute (GTI) and editor-in-chief insight into the latest news on Taiwan. of the Global Taiwan Brief. The leaders of the United States and Japan—treaty allies with one another, and Taiwan’s Editor-in-Chief Russell Hsiao two most important security partners—issued an unprecedented statement on April 16 Associate Editor expressing the two nations’ shared concern about Taiwan’s security. At the summit, which John Dotson was also US President Joe Biden’s first in-person meeting with a foreign leader and Japa- Staff Editor nese Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga’s (菅 義偉) first trip abroad, the two leaders issued a Katherine Schultz document entitled “US–Japan Global Partnership for a New Era,” which included a signifi- Copy Editor Marshall Reid cant declaration of shared concern over the increasingly aggressive actions taken by China against Taiwan. The views and opinions expressed in these articles are those of the As a whole, the document represents a bold and ambitious statement mapping out the authors and do not necessarily two countries’ shared vision and concerns on global affairs. -
The United States of the World: Human Rights, Political Entrepreneurship, and U.S
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects CUNY Graduate Center 2011 The United States of the World: Human Rights, Political Entrepreneurship, and U.S. Foreign Policy via Affective and Rational Politics Marriah Star The Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/4430 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] THE UNITED STATES OF THE WORLD: HUMAN RIGHTS, POLITICAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP, AND U.S. FOREIGN POLICY VIA AFFECTIVE AND RATIONAL POLITICS by MARRIAH STAR A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Political Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York 2011 © 2011 MARRIAH STAR All Rights Reserved ii This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in Political Science in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. September 9, 2011 Professor Andrew Polsky ___________________ Date Chair of Examining Committee September 9, 2011 Professor Joe Rollins ______________________ Date Executive Officer Professor Andrew Polsky___________________ Professor Yan Sun________________________ Professor Charles Tien_____________________ Supervision Committee THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii Abstract THE UNITED STATES OF THE WORLD by Marriah Star Adviser: Professor Andrew Polsky This study examines how Political Entrepreneurs in the United States Congress responded to human rights abuses in six countries during the 1970s and 1980s: Cambodia, El Salvador, South Africa, the Soviet Union, Taiwan, and Uganda. -
The Murder of Henry Liu
Published by: International Committee for Human Rights in Taiwan Europe : P.O. Box 91542, 2509 EC THE HAGUE, The Netherlands U.S.A. : P.O. Box 45205, SEATTLE, Washington 98105-0205 European edition, April 1985 Published 6 times a year 19 ISSN number: 1027-3999 The murder of Henry Liu On 15 October 1984, Mr. Henry Liu, a prominent Chinese-American journalist, was murdered at his home in Daly City, a suburb of San Francisco. The case has received wide international attention because of the subsequent revelations that the murder was committed by three underworld figures from Taiwan on the order of top-officials of the Military Intelligence Bureau of the Ministry of Defense. Furthermore, there are allegations that a link existed between the leader of the underworld gang, Mr. Chen Chi-li, and the second son of President Chiang Ching-kuo, Mr. Chiang Hsiao-wu. Below, we first present a chronological overview of the developments, which have taken place since our previous report on this case (see Taiwan Communiqué no. 18): Chronological overview a. On 7 February 1985, the Subcommittee on Asian and Pacific Affairs of the U.S. House of Representatives held a hearing in Washington D. C. At this hearing a number of persons -- including Mr. Liu’s courageous widow Helen Liu -- presented testimony, in particular regarding the possible motives for the murder. b. On 24 February 1985, the San Francisco Examiner reported that the person accused of masterminding the murder, Bamboo Union gangleader Chen Chi-li, had admitted to planning the killing with three top-officials of the Military Intelligence Bureau of the Ministry of Defense. -
COVID-19, Criminal Activity and Law Enforcement Submission 14
Submission to the Parliamentary Joint Committee on Law Enforcement Inquiry into criminal activity and law enforcement during the COVID-19 pandemic Revised and Updated January 29 2021 Emeritus Professor Roderic Broadhurst PhD, Department of Regulation and Global Governance, Fellow College of Asia and the Pacific, Australian National University. Update In addition to the written submission on August 7, 2020 and subsequent attendance at the inquiry on August 28 2020 this update notes the following three key developments that involve the links between on-line black markets, Asian organised crime and the facilitation of the criminal opportunities enabled by the COVID-19 pandemic. Blackmarket in COVID-19 Products In December Interpol issued a global warning in respect to “unprecedented opportunistic and predatory criminal behaviour” in relation to the falsification, theft and illegal advertising of COVID-19 and flu vaccines, and that “criminal organizations are planning to infiltrate or disrupt supply chains” of COVID-19 vaccines1. Sales of purported COVID-19 vaccines continue to be made available on online darknet markets routinely monitored by the ANU Cybercrime Observatory2. An apparent decline in PPE and treatments such as anti-malarial chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine is observed, however other re-purposed medicines such as Remdesvir and Dexamethasone are commonly available. Purported vaccines have also been offered for sale on Facebook, and WeChat3. Bracci, Nadini, Aliapoulios et al (2021) recently confirmed the presence of COVID-19 products through 2020 (January 1- November 6 2020). They observed 30 darknet markets of which 10 sold such products. Two markets DBay (425/788) and Empire (94/788) sold two thirds of all 788 products found. -
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime BACKGROUND GUIDE Vancouver Model United Nations The Twentieth Annual Session | January 29–31, 2021 Dear Delegates, William Tsai Secretary-General My name is Cindy Zhang, and it is my utmost pleasure to welcome you to VMUN 2021 as the Director of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). I am currently a junior studying at Fraser Heights Secondary, and have been a passionate participant of Model United Nations since the eighth grade. Since attending my first Vivian Gu conference four years ago, I cannot begin to describe how Model UN has transformed Director-General my once ignorant and naive view of the world and provided me with memories that will last lifetimes. Derek Wu Chief of Staff Alongside me will be your Chair, Eric Li, and Assistant Director, Victoria Munro. I Tyler Rosenzweig would like to acknowledge that the topics we will be addressing today are rather Director of Logistics difficult to comprehend; organized crime in political settings poses many challenges not only to the wellbeing of countries but also to the very fabrics of society itself. On the other hand, the decriminalization of drugs could very well be the make or break in an individual’s life. Ultimately, it is up to you as a delegate to fuel debate during the Joyce Chen weekend. I anticipate long hours of debate full of conflict and compromise; thus, USG General Assemblies whether it is a short speech on your country stance or a lengthy disquisition on foreign policy, I encourage you to stand up and speak. -
Anti-Money-Laundering
Transnational Criminal Organizations, Cybercrime, and Money Laundering A Handbook for Law Enforcement Officers, Auditors, and Financial Investigators James R. Richards CRC PRESS Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C. Acquiring Editor: Harvey Kane Project Editor: Sylvia Wood Marketing Manager Becky McEldowney Cover design: Dawn Boyd Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Richards, James R., 1960– Transnational criminal organizations, cybercrime & money laundering : a handbook for law enforcement officers, auditors, and financial investigators / James R. Richards p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8493-2806-3 (alk. paper) 1. Money laundering. 2. Money laundering investigation. 3. Organized crime. 4. Computer crimes. 5. Transnational crime. I. Title. HV6768.R53 1998 364.16′8—DC21 98-8240 CIP This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use. Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. The consent of CRC Press LLC does not extend to copying for general distribution, for promotion, for creating new works, or for resale. Specific permission must be obtained in writing from CRC Press LLC for such copying. Direct all inquiries to CRC Press LLC, 2000 Corporate Blvd., N.W., Boca Raton, Florida 33431. -
Transnational Activities of Chinese Crime Organizations
TRANSNATIONAL ACTIVITIES OF CHINESE CRIME ORGANIZATIONS A Report Prepared by the Federal Research Division, Library of Congress under an Interagency Agreement with the Crime and Narcotics Center, Directorate of Central Intelligence April 2003 Authors: LaVerle B. Berry Glenn E. Curtis Seth L. Elan Rexford A. Hudson Nina A. Kollars Project Manager: Glenn E. Curtis Federal Research Division Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 205404840 Tel: 2027073900 Fax: 2027073920 E-Mail: [email protected] Homepage: http://loc.gov/rr/frd/ 55 Years of Service to the Federal Government 1948 – 2003 Library of Congress – Federal Research Division Transnational Chinese Crime PREFACE This study investigates the major pockets of activity of Chinese criminal groups from 2000–2003, throughout the world except for mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan. The main geographical regions of such activity are Australia, Europe, Japan, Latin America, North America, Russia, South Africa, and Southeast Asia. The report notes the participation of such groups in all major types of crime, including trafficking of human beings and various commodities, financial crimes, extortion, gambling, prostitution, and violent crimes. For the purposes of this report, the term “Chinese” refers to individuals of purely Chinese ethnic origin living in any part of the world. The criminal groups described vary in size and degree of structure; they include syndicates, triads, gangs, and ad hoc combinations of organization members and non-members. Because of this variety, an increasing tendency toward ad hoc activity, and the lack of specificity in many open sources, the term “group” is used when a criminal activity is not attributed to a specific type of organization. -
APPENDIX: the 36 Oaths of China's Triad Societies
APPENDIX: The 36 Oaths of China's Triad Societies 1. Mter having entered the Hong Gates I must treat the parents and relatives of my sworn brothers as mine own kin. I shall suffer death by five thunderbolts if I do not keep this oath. 2. I shall assist my sworn brothers to bury their parents and brothers by offering financial or physical assistance. I shall be killed by five thunderbolts if I pretend to have no knowledge of their troubles. 3. When Hong brothers visit my house I shall provide them with board and lodging. I shall be killed by a myriad of swords if I treat them as strangers. 4. I will always acknowledge my Hong brothers when they identify themselves. If I ignore them I shall be killed by a myriad of swords. 5. I shall not disclose the secrets of the Hong family, not even to my parents, brothers or wife. I shall never disclose the secrets for money. I shall be killed by a myriad of swords if I do so. 6. I shall never betray my sworn brothers. If, through a misunder standing, I have caused the arrest of one of my brothers, I must release him immediately. If I break this oath I will be killed by five thunderbolts. 7. I will offer assistance to my sworn brothers who are in trouble, in order that they may pay their passage fee. If I break this oath, may I be killed by five thunderbolts. 8. I must not cause harm or bring trouble to my sworn brothers or Incense Master.