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United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime BACKGROUND GUIDE Vancouver Model United Nations The Twentieth Annual Session | January 29–31, 2021 Dear Delegates, William Tsai Secretary-General My name is Cindy Zhang, and it is my utmost pleasure to welcome you to VMUN 2021 as the Director of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). I am currently a junior studying at Fraser Heights Secondary, and have been a passionate participant of Model United Nations since the eighth grade. Since attending my first Vivian Gu conference four years ago, I cannot begin to describe how Model UN has transformed Director-General my once ignorant and naive view of the world and provided me with memories that will last lifetimes. Derek Wu Chief of Staff Alongside me will be your Chair, Eric Li, and Assistant Director, Victoria Munro. I Tyler Rosenzweig would like to acknowledge that the topics we will be addressing today are rather Director of Logistics difficult to comprehend; organized crime in political settings poses many challenges not only to the wellbeing of countries but also to the very fabrics of society itself. On the other hand, the decriminalization of drugs could very well be the make or break in an individual’s life. Ultimately, it is up to you as a delegate to fuel debate during the Joyce Chen weekend. I anticipate long hours of debate full of conflict and compromise; thus, USG General Assemblies whether it is a short speech on your country stance or a lengthy disquisition on foreign policy, I encourage you to stand up and speak. Ethan Jasny USG Specialized Agencies Should you have any questions or concerns prior to the conference, please do not hesitate to reach out to either myself or my fellow Dais members. We look forward to Vivian Liang meeting all of you in January, and to an unforgettable experience. USG Conference Sincerely, Jonah Ezekiel USG Finance Cindy Zhang UNODC Director Laura Choi USG Communications Armaan Jaffer USG Delegate Affairs Mia Tsao USG Delegate Affairs Position Paper Policy What is a Position Paper? A position paper is a brief overview of a country’s stance on the topics being discussed by a particular committee. Though there is no specific format the position paper must follow, it should include a description of your positions your country holds on the issues on the agenda, relevant actions that your country has taken, and potential solutions that your country would support. At Vancouver Model United Nations, delegates should write a position paper for each of the committee’s topics. Each position paper should not exceed one page, and should all be combined into a single document per delegate. For the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, position papers are not mandatory but highly recommended, especially for a delegate to be considered for an award. Formatting Position papers should: — Include the name of the delegate, his/her country, and the committee — Be in a standard font (e.g. Times New Roman) with a 12-point font size and 1-inch document margins — Not include illustrations, diagrams, decorations, national symbols, watermarks, or page borders — Include citations and a bibliography, in any format, giving due credit to the sources used in research (not included in the 1-page limit) Due Dates and Submission Procedure Position papers for this committee must be submitted by midnight on January 22nd, 2021. Once your position paper is complete, please save the file as your last name, your first name and send it as an attachment in an email, to your committee’s email address, with the subject heading as your last name, your first name — Position Paper. Please do not add any other attachments to the email or write anything else in the body. Both your position papers should be combined into a single PDF or Word document file; position papers submitted in another format will not be accepted. Each position paper will be manually reviewed and considered for the Best Position Paper award. The email address for this committee is [email protected]. The Role of Organized Crime in Political Suppression ............................................................................. 3 Overview ..................................................................................................................................................................3 Timeline ...................................................................................................................................................................4 Historical Analysis .................................................................................................................................................5 Past UN/International Involvement ....................................................................................................................6 United Nations General Assembly Resolution 55/15 ...................................................................................6 Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice ............................................................................7 The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).................................................................................................7 Current Situation ...................................................................................................................................................7 Russian Organized Crime (ROC) ....................................................................................................................8 Asian Criminal Organizations .........................................................................................................................9 Case Study: Heorhiy Gongadze .................................................................................................................... 10 Possible Solutions and Controversies ............................................................................................................... 10 Upholding and Enforcing International Law ............................................................................................. 10 Government Transparency and Accountability ......................................................................................... 11 Triad-Specific Law Enforcement Units ....................................................................................................... 11 Bloc Positions ....................................................................................................................................................... 12 North America ................................................................................................................................................ 12 European Union (EU) .................................................................................................................................... 12 Latin America .................................................................................................................................................. 13 Middle East ...................................................................................................................................................... 13 Asia ................................................................................................................................................................... 14 Discussion Questions .......................................................................................................................................... 14 Additional Resources .......................................................................................................................................... 15 Bibliography ......................................................................................................................................................... 16 Decriminalization of Drugs ...................................................................................................................... 21 Overview ............................................................................................................................................................... 21 Timeline ................................................................................................................................................................ 21 Historical Analysis .............................................................................................................................................. 23 Vancouver Model United Nations 2021 1 Past UN/International Involvement ................................................................................................................. 24 The Hague International Opium Convention of 1912 .............................................................................. 24 UN Conventions of 1961, 1971, and 1988 ................................................................................................... 25 Political Declaration on the Guiding Principles of Drug Demand Reduction (1998) .......................... 26 Political Declaration and Plan of Action (2009) ......................................................................................... 26 Current Situation ................................................................................................................................................ 27 Drug Violence ................................................................................................................................................
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