Discuss with your table groups what you observe in this geographical map of Greece

How might geography have affected development ?  Climate affected by the Mediterranean  Mountainous  Many islands  Extensive trade and conflict between city-states

Geography of Greece

The City-State  Polis (Poleis)

 Acropolis

 City-State boundaries

The Agora was an open area for assemblies (voting) and shopping The City-State

• Men and women were considered citizens • Citizens served the state; extremely patriotic • Democratic elements (Athens especially) • Assemblies of citizens would vote on proposals • Only men allowed to vote Writing and Art Religion  Polytheistic  Gods represented nature and ideas (life & death)  Cults extremely common  Oracle: messenger between Greek citizens and the gods

Sparta  Simple, brutal military life  Isolationist (kept out of other Greek’s affairs)  Government was an Oligarchy  Two kings and council of elders – Spartan Education • Infant males examined at birth • Intentionally under-fed • If healthy, allowed to live • Made members of reserves at • If unhealthy, left to die/survive 18 y.o. • • Some joined Crypteia (secret police) to spy on Enrolled in agoge at 7 y.o. • Lived in groups under experienced male • • Full-fledged members of Spartan army at Pledged loyalty to groups 20 y.o. • Given first item of clothing at 12 y.o. • Were voted into one of the army • Paired with an older male Spartan at companies at 20 y.o. 12 y.o. • Failure to be unanimously voted into a company = • Made own beds by hand with reeds no citizenship • Made full citizens at 30 y.o.; allowed to marry and vote  Used slaves to avoid farming and trade  Women far more independent than other city-states Athens  Government was a Democracy  More opportunities for citizens  Fostered creativity and science  Wanted to control and guide other Greek city- states Athens

 Arts (like theater) were highly prized  Family important (produced new citizens)  Women excluded from public life; required male attendant What is the creature that walks on four legs in the morning, two legs at noon, and three legs in the evening?