Discuss with your table groups what you observe in this geographical map of Greece How might geography have affected ancient Greek development ? Climate affected by the Mediterranean Mountainous Many islands Extensive trade and conflict between city-states Geography of Greece The City-State Polis (Poleis) Acropolis City-State boundaries The Agora was an open area for assemblies (voting) and shopping The City-State • Men and women were considered citizens • Citizens served the state; extremely patriotic • Democratic elements (Athens especially) • Assemblies of citizens would vote on proposals • Only men allowed to vote Writing and Art Religion Polytheistic Gods represented nature and ideas (life & death) Cults extremely common Oracle: messenger between Greek citizens and the gods Sparta Simple, brutal military life Isolationist (kept out of other Greek’s affairs) Government was an Oligarchy Two kings and council of elders Agoge – Spartan Education • Infant males examined at birth • Intentionally under-fed • If healthy, allowed to live • Made members of Spartan army reserves at • If unhealthy, left to die/survive 18 y.o. • • Some joined Crypteia (secret police) to spy on Enrolled in agoge at 7 y.o. helots • Lived in groups under experienced male • • Full-fledged members of Spartan army at Pledged loyalty to groups 20 y.o. • Given first item of clothing at 12 y.o. • Were voted into one of the army • Paired with an older male Spartan at companies at 20 y.o. 12 y.o. • Failure to be unanimously voted into a company = • Made own beds by hand with reeds no citizenship • Made full citizens at 30 y.o.; allowed to marry and vote Sparta Used slaves to avoid farming and trade Women far more independent than other city-states Athens Government was a Democracy More opportunities for citizens Fostered creativity and science Wanted to control and guide other Greek city- states Athens Arts (like theater) were highly prized Family important (produced new citizens) Women excluded from public life; required male attendant What is the creature that walks on four legs in the morning, two legs at noon, and three legs in the evening? .