DOCSLIB.ORG

Oahu Dive Sites

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Oahu Dive Sites © Lonely Planet Publications 0 8 km 0 4 miles Oahu not for navigation 158oW 157o45'W 21o45'N Kahuku Point PACIFIC OCEAN Kawela 83 Makahoa Point Kahuku Mokuauia Island Malaekahana State Waimea Recreation Area Laie Point Bay Laie Ka man Waimea anu i S Falls Park tre am Pauena Point Hauula Waialua Bay Haleiwa Punaluu 930 Opae Sacred Falls ula Stream Mokuleia State Park Kahana Bay P 83 Waialua o 99 am o ho Kaaawa S tr ea 93 803 m Kahana Valley Kualoa State Park Regional Park Mt Kaala Mokolii Island 21o30'N 4020ft Kualoa Point 21o30'N Waikane Kaneohe Bay Wahiawa Kapapa Island Makaha Waiahole Moko Manu 99 Kahaluu Mokapu Point Lahilahi H2 Point Waianae Ahuimanu Mokapu Peninsula Moko Kailua Bay 750 Heeia O Loe m Kapoho Point Maili Pearl ea Str City lu Kaneohe H3 ima H3 Kailua Maili Point Wa Mokulua Islands Nanakuli Aiea Pearl Lanikai Waipahu Harbor Wailea Point H1 63 78 61 Waimanalo Bay Waimanalo 76 Honolulu H1 Kapolei International Manana Airport Honolulu Island Makapuu Sand Island Point Barbers Point Diamond H1 Mamala Bay Waikiki Head State Maunalua Beach Monument Bay 21o15'N 21o15'N see inset map el nn ha C iwi Ka PACIFIC OCEAN Koko Crater Reef 1208ft Depth 0-18ft 18-60ft 60-300ft 300-600ft 600ft+ o 21 N Koko Head 642ft 158oW 157o45'W 40 Oahu Dive Sites A rare daytime sighting of a Spanish dancer nudibranch are modern and up-to-date. Equipment rentals and airfills are readily available around the island. Some shops special- ize in teaching courses designed for lo- cals and the military, while others cater mostly to visitors. Dive sites on Oahu are divided into four main regions: the leeward side, the south coast (including Hanauma Bay), the windward side and the north shore. LEEWARD SIDE Oahu’s sheltered leeward side, extend- ing from Kaena Point to Diamond Head, is one of the state’s most popular diving areas, thanks to nearly year-round ac- cessibility. Several wrecks that shelter a variety of fish and coral species from the strong currents that often flow through the area, while lava formations provide By far the most developed of the is- additional places to look for interesting lands, Oahu has a culturally and ethni- marine life. cally diverse population of close to a million people. This melting pot offers Oahu Dive Sites all the excitement of a large cosmopoli- tan area alongside the pleasures of a tropical island: nightlife, fine dining and interesting museums complementing great beaches, surfing and good diving SNORKELING GOOD NOVICE INTERMEDIATE ADVANCED and snorkeling. 1 MAKAHA CAVERNS •• Oahu is the only island that offers 2 THE MAHI • several first-class wreck dives, which 3 KEWALO PIPES • continue to get better as their marine 4 MAGIC ISLAND •• life populations increase. Although 5 YO-257 • Oahu’s reefs do not generally have the 6 THE SEA TIGER WRECK • pristine coral and superb visibility found 7 THE BABY BARGE • on most of the other islands, there is a 8 CORSAIR • nice balance of reef and volcanic cavern 9 TURTLE CANYON •• dives with swirling, colorful fish. Several 10 INSIDE REEF •• shallow reefs also make excellent shore 11 OUTSIDE REEF •• dives for both divers and snorkelers. 12 WITCH’S BREW • As both the most populated and 13 MANANA ISLAND • most visited Hawaiian island, Oahu has 14 MOKU MANU • the greatest number of dive operators 15 SHARK’S COVE •• and dive shops, the majority of which 16 THREE TABLES •• 41.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • State of Hawaii Office of Elections I I Election Information Services I Operators Manual I I I 1996 Elections I I I I I I I I
    Date Printed: 06/16/2009 JTS Box Number: IFES 80 Tab Number: 74 Document Title: Election Information Services Operator's Manual Document Date: 1996 Document Country: United States -- Hawaii Document Language: English IFES ID: CE02160 I I I I I I State of Hawaii Office of Elections I I Election Information Services I Operators Manual I I I 1996 Elections I I I I I I I I I TABLE OF CONTENTS I General Information Objectives. ... .. 1 Reminders ...................................................................... 2 I Commonly Used Terms ........................................................... 3 Who's Who at Control Center . .. 3 I Standard Operating Procedures Buck Slip Calls . .. 4 Informational Calls. .. 6 I Commonly Asked Questions Am I registered to vote? : . .. 7 Who may register to vote? . .. 7 I Should I re-register to vote? ........................................................ 7 Willi be notified of my polling place? ............. .. 8 Where is my polling place? . .. 8 I What are the polling place hours? ................................................... 8 Do I need an 1.0. to vote on Election Day? ............................................. 8 Am I allowed to take time off from work for voting? . .. 8 Who will be running this year for the various political offices? .............................. 9 I What types of elections does Hawaii hold? ...................... :..................... 9 Registration Information I QAlAB ......................................................................... 10 Same Day Transfer of Registration
    [Show full text]
  • Cooper Ornithological Society
    Cooper Ornithological Society The Avifauna of Niihau Island, Hawaiian Archipelago Author(s): Harvey I. Fisher Source: The Condor, Vol. 53, No. 1 (Jan. - Feb., 1951), pp. 31-42 Published by: University of California Press on behalf of the Cooper Ornithological Society Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1364585 Accessed: 08/06/2010 15:25 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=ucal. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. University of California Press and Cooper Ornithological Society are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Condor. http://www.jstor.org Jan., 1951 31 THE AVIFAUNA OF NIIHAU ISLAND, HAWAIIAN ARCHIPELAGO By HARVEY I.
    [Show full text]
  • Schofield Barracks
    ARMY ✭✭ AIR FORCE ✭✭ NAVY ✭✭ MARINES ONLINE PORTAL Want an overview of everything military life has to offer in Hawaii? This site consolidates all your benefits and priveleges and serves all branches of the military. ON BASE OFF BASE DISCOUNTS • Events Calendar • Attractions • Coupons & Special Offers • Beaches • Recreation • Contests & Giveaways • Attractions • Lodging WANT MORE? • Commissaries • Adult & Youth Go online to Hawaii • Exchanges Education Military Guide’s • Golf • Trustworthy digital edition. • Lodging Businesses Full of tips on arrival, • Recreation base maps, phone • MWR numbers, and websites. HawaiiMilitaryGuide.com 4 Map of Oahu . 10 Honolulu International Airport . 14 Arrival . 22 Military Websites . 46 Pets in Paradise . 50 Transportation . 56 Youth Education . 64 Adult Education . 92 Health Care . 106 Recreation & Activities . 122 Beauty & Spa . 134 Weddings. 138 Dining . 140 Waikiki . 148 Downtown & Chinatown . 154 Ala Moana & Kakaako . 158 Aiea/West Honolulu . 162 Pearl City & Waipahu . 166 Kapolei & Ko Olina Resort . 176 Mililani & Wahiawa . 182 North Shore . 186 Windward – Kaneohe . 202 Windward – Kailua Town . 206 Neighbor Islands . 214 6 PMFR Barking Sands,Kauai . 214 Aliamanu Military Reservation . 218 Bellows Air Force Station . 220 Coast Guard Base Honolulu . 222 Fort DeRussy/Hale Koa . 224 Fort Shafter . 226 Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam . 234 MCBH Camp Smith . 254 MCBH Kaneohe Bay . 258 NCTAMS PAC (JBPHH Wahiawa Annex) . 266 Schofield Barracks . 268 Tripler Army Medical Center . 278 Wheeler Army Airfield . 282 COVID-19 DISCLAIMER Some information in the Guide may be compromised due to changing circumstances. It is advisable to confirm any details by checking websites or calling Military Information at 449-7110. HAWAII MILITARY GUIDE Publisher ............................Charles H.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecological Factors on Manana Island, Hawaii
    Ecological Factors on Manana Island, Hawaii P. QUENTIN TOMICH,l NIXON WILSON,2 AND CHARLESH . LAM OUR EUX3 ABSTRACT : A 25-ha islet occupied by seasonally nesting sea birds, feral rabbits, and house mice is considered. Rabbits presumably modified the unknown original vegetation in their 70 or more years on the island and reached an equilibrium with a plant cover composed largely of a few hard y introduced grasses. A total of 28 species of higher plants has been recorded from the island, only 6 of which are native to Hawaii. Rabbits occur in low to moderate numbers, sustained by a food source that is enriched by bird guano and subject to annual drought. Average body weight of the mouse is remarkably heavy at 19.5 g. Data on biological and food habits are presented for both mammals. Among 13 species of ectoparasites of birds and mammals are two unusual host adaptations : of the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis felis, to Oryctolagns cnnicnlus, and of the Oriental rat flea, X enopsylla cheopis, to M tIS musculus. Rabbits appear not to be detrimental to the nesting of birds, and their control or extermination is discouraged at present. The scientific importance of the island's unique ecosystem is stressed, and proposals for its intensive study are outlined. MOST OF THE LANDS in Hawaii were altered posals for their manipulation should be pre­ rapidly, in the hundred years or s o following ceded by careful study of each individual case. initiation in 1778 of sustained contact with This paper is concerned with Manana (Rab ­ outside cultures, throu gh agricultural develop­ bit) Island which lies about 1.3 km off the ment and the spread of introduced plants and southeast tip of Oahu , Honolulu County.
    [Show full text]
  • COOPERATIVE NATIONAL PARK RESOURCES STUDIES UNIT UNIVERSITY of HAWAII at MANOA Department of Botany Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
    COOPERATIVE NATIONAL PARK RESOURCES STUDIES UNIT UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII AT MANOA Department of Botany Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 Clifford W. Smith, Unit Director Associate Professor of Botany CPSU/UH Avian History Report 12 A B C @ HISTORY of ENDEMIC HAWAIIAN BIRDS Part I. POPULATION HISTORIES--SPECIES ACCOUNTS Freshwater Birds: Hawaiian Stilt Ae'o Winston E. Banko Research Associate Hawaii Field Research Center Hawaii Volcanoes National Park Hawaii 96718 May 1988 UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII AT MANOA NATIONAL PARK SERVICE contract No. CX 8000 8 0012 i TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES . e . CPSU/UH Avian History Report 12 Freshwater Birds: Hawaiian Gallinule 'Alae-ula ABSTRACT ......................... ~i 4 . Himantows mexicanus knudseni OBSERVATIONS, REPORTS, AND SPECIMEN RECORDS ....... Introduction. Historical Status and Distribution in the Archipelago .................... 2 January Censuses ................. 3 July/August Censuses ............... 4 Differences Between Successive Years. January Censuses ................ 4 Differences Between Successive Years. July/August Censuses .............. 4 Differences Between January and July/August Censuses .................... 5 Differences Between July/August and January Censuses .................... 5 Discussions and Conclusions ........... 5 Inter-Island Movement ................ 6 Productivity ..................... 7 Islandwide Statuss and Distribution ....... 7 Relative Abundance of Ae'o in 11 Quadrangles and 155 Habitats. 1961.1982. Island of Kauali ... 8 Productivity ................... 10 Intra-island
    [Show full text]
  • A Surveillance Strategy for Invasive Species of Concern in Deepwater Habitats of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
    A Surveillance Strategy for Invasive Species of Concern in Deepwater Habitats of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands June 2010 A report by the Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment’s Biogeography Branch for the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument NOAA Technical Memorandum NCCOS 108 Citation for this Report Menza C., C. Caldow and M.E. Monaco 2010. A surveillance strategy for invasive species of concern in deepwater habitats of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 108. Silver Spring, MD. 26 pp. Acknowledgements Many scientists and natural resource managers contributed to this report. Randy Kosaki, Scott Godwin and Kelly Gleason at the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument provided guidance and support. Scientists at multiple institutions provided data and offered their expertise, including John Rooney, Jonathan Weiss, Peter Vroom, Oliver Vetter, Jamie Gove, Kevin Wong, and Vikrum Khurana at the Pacifi c Islands Fisheries Science Center, Coral Reef Ecosystem Division; Tony Montgomery at Hawaii’s Department of Land and Natural Resourc­ es, Division of Aquatic Resources; and Cynthia Hunter, Margaret McManus, Heather Spaulding and Celia Smith at the University of Hawaii at Manoa. Funding for this report was provided by the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument and Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment. For more information For more information about this report, please contact Charles Menza at CCMA’s Biogeography Branch. (301) 713-3028, [email protected] or visit http://ccma.nos.noaa.gov/about/biogeography/. A project website was developed to provide free access to many of the spatial datasets, visit http://ccma.nos.noaa.gov/ stressors/invasivespecies/monitoring.html. Cover photos by Sam Kahng of Carijoa riisei (left) and by Kelly Gleason of Randy Kosaki searching for deepwa­ ter invasive species at Nihoa (Moku Manu) (right).
    [Show full text]
  • Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Lobster Fishery
    No. 9, October 2020 Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Lobster Fishery By Michael Markrich About the Author Michael Markrich is the former public information officer for the State of Hawai‘i Department of Land and Natural Resources; communications officer for State of Hawai‘i Department of Business, Economic Development and Tourism; columnists for the Honolulu Advertiser; socioeconomic analyst with John M. Knox and Associates; and consultant/owner of Markrich Research. He holds a bachelor of arts degree in history from the University of Washington and a master of science degree in agricultural and resource economics from the University of Hawai‘i. Disclaimer: The statements, findings and conclusions in this publication are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council or the National Marine Fisheries Service (NOAA). © Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council, 2020. All rights reserved, Published in the United States by the Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council under NOAA Award # NA20NMF4410013. ISBN 978-1-944827-73-1 Cover Art: NWHI lobster fishery. Photo: NOAA Contents List of Illustrations .................................................................................................................. i List of Tables .......................................................................................................................... i Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Hawaii Coastal Zone Fisheries Management Study
    Hawaii coastal zone fisheries management study https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CZIC-sh319-h3-h33-1980/html/CZIC-s... [From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov ] HAWAII COASTAL ZONE FISHERIES MANAGEMENT STUDY . ......... ............ .... via CC% 1 of 181 4/18/2016 1:54 PM Hawaii coastal zone fisheries management study https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CZIC-sh319-h3-h33-1980/html/CZIC-s... SH 319 H3, DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES H33 1980 HAWA I I MASTA- ZONE FISHERIES MANAGUM STUDY 0F 9 5 2 of 181 4/18/2016 1:54 PM Hawaii coastal zone fisheries management study https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CZIC-sh319-h3-h33-1980/html/CZIC-s... DIVISION OF FISH AND GAME DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES MARCH 1980 PREFACE This report is a summary description of the fisheries component of the Hawaii Coastal Zone Management Program. It outlines the issues concerned with fishing in Hawaii including key fish species, biological distribution of fish, major areas of fishing pre ssure, individual island problems, coastal zone related issues, nearshore environmental destruction, competing user groups, and boatin g issues. The primary goal of this report is to pull together the variety of circumstances that have led the fishing community of Hawaii to a point where good fishing is thought of nostalgically, conficts are frequent, and the people of Hawaii regret not having more and cheaper local seafood on their tables. This report sets the framework for the development of an advanced fisheries data collection and evaluation program under the auspices of the State's Division of Fish and Game in order to improve the technical basis for natural resource management.
    [Show full text]
  • (USGS) Board of Geographic Names (BGN) with Emphasis on the Hawaii Board on Geographic Names 2015-2017
    Description of document: Documents/email received by the US Geological Survey (USGS) Board of Geographic Names (BGN) with emphasis on the Hawaii Board on Geographic Names 2015-2017 Requested date: 03-June-2017 Release date: 13-July-2017 Posted date: 24-December-2018 Source of document: Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Officer U.S. Geological Survey Department of the Interior 5522 Research Park Drive Baltimore, MD 21228 Fax: (443) 498-5510 Email: [email protected] The governmentattic.org web site (“the site”) is noncommercial and free to the public. The site and materials made available on the site, such as this file, are for reference only. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals have made every effort to make this information as complete and as accurate as possible, however, there may be mistakes and omissions, both typographical and in content. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused, or alleged to have been caused, directly or indirectly, by the information provided on the governmentattic.org web site or in this file. The public records published on the site were obtained from government agencies using proper legal channels. Each document is identified as to the source. Any concerns about the contents of the site should be directed to the agency originating the document in question. GovernmentAttic.org is not responsible for the contents of documents published on the website. From: GS-D-EI_Freedom of Information Act <[email protected]> Cc: foia <[email protected]> Sent: Thu, Jul 13, 2017 10:10 am Subject: FOIA: USGS-2017-00141 Final Response This is our final response to your FOIA request (Control Number USGS-2107-00141) dated June 3, 2017, in which you requested copies of the following records: A copy of each letter received by the Board of Geographic Names from the Hawaii Board on Geographic Names during Fiscal Year 2017 to date.
    [Show full text]
  • Senator Pohai Ryan
    SENATOR POHAI RYAN State Capitol, 415 S. Beretania St., Room 213, Honolulu, HI 96813 email: [email protected] phone: (808) 587-8388 Serving Senate District 25: Hawaii Kai, Waimanalo, Keolu Hills, Lanikai & Kailua MAY Vice Chair, Hawaiian Affairs Member of Committees on Public Safety & Military Affairs & Government Operations, Ways & Means , Water Land & Housing 2 0 1 1 International Baccalaureate Diploma Attracts Students WHAT’S INSIDE: Overlooking the community of Hawaii Kai sits the campus of Henry J. Kaiser High School Earth Day Cleanup 2 with a student body of approx. 1,100 students comprising grades 7-12. Kaiser High School is almost self sustaining as they receive no Federal funds. Unlike other schools, Kaiser sup- at Kapaa Quarry ports its students, facilities and activities almost entirely by weighted student formula. Post Tsunami 3 Kaiser High School administration has invested a lot of resources to get their faculty Evacuation Meeting trained and certified so that their school can be a registered IB Diploma Program which adds prestige to a Hawaii Public School diploma and is sought after by students from all over DLNR Off-shore 4 O`ahu. Islands Site Visit U.S. Presidential Scholars Program Off-shore Islands 5 Semifinalist - Kevin Hirata Summary News in Brief 6 Congratulations to senior Kevin Hirata who has been selected as a U.S. Presidential Schol- Events 7 ars Semifinalist! From nearly 3.2 million graduating high school seniors, approximately Volunteer Info 8 3,000 students were identified as candidates for the 2011 U.S. Presidential Scholars Pro- gram. 560 semifinalist were selected from across the country - six (6) of these semifinal- PLEASE ADD US ON ists are from Hawaii.
    [Show full text]
  • The Present Status of the Birds of Hawaii' ANDREW J
    The Present Status of the Birds of Hawaii' ANDREW J. BERGER2 THEGREAT EXPANSES of open ocean that sep­ waii, and in 1962 birds were first released in arate the Hawaiian Islands from the major the Paliku Cabin area of Haleakala Crater on continental land masses of North America and Maui. There is still debate as to whether or Asia resulted in the evolution of a number of not the Nene originally inhabited Maui. unique landbirds. Unfortunately, a higher per­ The Nene was on the verge of extinction in centage of species of birds have become extinct the 1940s, and the species is still included in in Hawaii than in any other region of the the list of endangered species. In 1949 a Nene world. Approximately 40 percent of the en­ Restoration Program was begun by using a pair demic Hawaiian birds are believed to be ex­ of captive birds obtained from Herbert Ship­ tinct, and 25 of the 60 birds in the 1968 list man of Hawaii. This has been a very success­ of "Rare and Endangered Birds of the United ful program, and Nene have been raised in States" are Hawaiian CRare and Endangered captivity both at the Severn Wildfowl Trust Fish and Wildlife of the United States, 1968 at Slimbridge, England, and at the State of edition," Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wild­ Hawaii Fish and Game rearing station at life, Washington, D. C.). Most of the native Pohakuloa on the Saddle Road of Hawaii birds of Oahu have long been extinct, and few (Elder, 1958) . native landbirds are to be found on any of the The program at Pohakuloa has been increas­ main islands below 3,000 feet elevation.
    [Show full text]
  • State-Of-Hawaii-Appendix.Pdf
    This report has been cataloged as follows: Hawaii. Dept. of Business, Economic Development and Tourism. Planning for sustainable tourism. Honolulu: 2005. Multiple volume report by various authors. 1. Tourism-Planning-Hawaii. 2. Tourism-Government policy-Hawaii. 3. Sustainable development- Hawaii. G155.H3.H32.2005 Executive Supplemental Budget FY 2003 Budget in Brief Prepared by the Department of Budget and Finance January, 2002 The Capital Improvements Budget Department Summaries And Highlights 49 DEPARTMENT OF HAWAIIAN HOME LANDS (CIP Budget) Current FY 03Supplemental Budget Recommended Appropriation Request Lapses FY 03 Apprn. Funding Sources: General Obligation Bonds 32,000,000 32,000,000 Total Requirements 32,000,000 32,000,000 Highlights of supplemental CIP request: 1. Provides $3,000,000 in general obligation bonds for Anahola Drainage Improvement, Phase 2 2. Provides $2,000,000 in general obligation bonds for exploratory wells statewide 3. Provides $2,000,000 in general obligation bonds for Kawaihae 1.0 million gallon water tank 4. Provides $5,000,000 in general obligation bonds for Kawaihae water system. 5. Provides $3,000,000 in general obligation bonds for Panaewa Unit 6 residential development 6. Provides $1,500,000 in general obligation bonds for Molokai water project, phase 4 7. Provides $3,000,000 in general obligation bonds for Papakolea Drainage Improvements, Phase 2 8. Provides $5,000,000 in general obligation bonds for Waimea Paauilo watershed project. 61 DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES (CIP Budget) Current FY 03Supplemental Budget Recommended Appropriation Request Lapses FY 03 Apprn. Funding Sources: General Obligation Bonds 11,481,000 32,093,000 (400,000) 43,174,000 Federal Funds 2,375,000 375,000 2,750,000 Special Funds 755,000 8,650,000 9,405,000 Reimbursable General 2,600,000 2,600,000 Obligation Bonds Revenue Bond Funds 2,000,000 (2,000,000) 0 Total Requirements 19,211,000 41,118,000 (2,400,000) 57,929,000 Highlights of supplemental CIP request: 1.
    [Show full text]