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Hydrologic, Soil, and Vegetation Gradients in Remnant and Constructed Riparian Wetlands in West-Central Missouri, 2001–04 By David C. Heimann1and Paige A. Mettler-Cherry2 1U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Lee’s Summit, Missouri 2Lindenwood University, Department of Biological Sciences, St. Charles, Missouri Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Conservation Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5216 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior Gale A. Norton, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Charles G. Groat, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2004 For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services Box 25286, Denver Federal Center Denver, CO 80225 For more information about the USGS and its products: Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/ Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. Suggested citation: Heimann, D.C., and Mettler-Cherry, P.A., 2004, Hydrologic, Soil, and Vegetation Gradients in Remnant and Constructed Riparian Wetlands in West-Central Missouri, 2001–04: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004- 5216, 160 p. iii CONTENTS Abstract. 1 Introduction . 2 Purpose and Scope . 3 Description of Study Area . 3 Land-Use History of Four Rivers Conservation Area . 3 Acknowledgments. 7 Methods . 7 Hydrology. 7 Surface-Water Monitoring . 7 Ground-Water Monitoring. 13 Soil Moisture, Texture, and Organic Matter. 13 Vegetation . 16 Bottomland Forest in Remnant Wetland. 16 Reforestation and Colonization in Constructed Wetlands. 21 Data Analyses. 22 Hydrologic and Soils Data . 22 Vegetation. 22 Remnant Bottomland Forest . 22 Reforestation Plots. 24 Natural Colonization . 24 Hydrologic Gradients. 24 Surface Water . 24 Ground Water. 29 Soil Gradients . 31 Soil Moisture. 31 Spatial Variability . 36 Temporal Variability. 43 Comparison of Mounded and Non-Mounded Locations . 53 Physical Properties. 53 Vegetation Gradients. 58 Bottomland Forest in a Remnant Wetland . 58 Ground-Layer Flora. 59 Understory Flora. 63 Overstory Flora . 67 Reforestation Plots in Constructed Wetlands . 78 Unit 3 Reforestation Plots . 78 Unit 4 Reforestation Plots . 84 Natural Colonization in Constructed Wetland. 86 Relations Between Hydrology, Soils, and Vegetation Gradients in Four Rivers Conservation Area Wetlands. 92 Primary Factors Affecting Vegetation Distribution in Four Rivers Conservation Area. 92 Using and Acquiring Hydrologic and Soils Data For Developing Revegetation Plans . 95 Summary. 97 References Cited. 99 Glossary. ..

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