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Crustacea: Decapoda) Zootaxa 3640 (2): 224–241 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3640.2.6 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:77FB19E2-2C2D-4F16-A0A4-A04356270668 New records of processid shrimps from the Indo-West and East Pacific (Crustacea: Decapoda) SAMMY DE GRAVE1 & ARTHUR ANKER2 1Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PW, United Kingdom. E-mail: [email protected] 2Department of Biological Sciences / TMSI, Ecology and Systematics Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4 / Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119260, Republic of Singapore. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract New records are presented for the caridean shrimp family Processidae in Indo-West and East Pacific waters, based mainly on recently collected material. These records highlight that many processid species may be relatively widespread, al- though the distribution of some species remains imperfectly known. The colour pattern of several species is here docu- mented for the first time, showing its potential use as an additional identification character. The available information on the ecology of the reported species is summarised. Key words: Decapoda, Processidae, Indo-Pacific, new records, colour pattern Introduction The Processidae is a relatively species-poor family, with currently only 65 species placed in 6 genera (De Grave & Fransen 2011; Hendrickx 2012). However, they can be very abundant in certain habitats, notably tropical seagrass beds (e.g. Ledoyer 1969, 1970, 1984; Unsworth et al. 2007, 2011). A solid foundation for their taxonomy was laid down by Hayashi (1975), who reviewed all Indo-Pacific species and provided a worldwide key to all then known taxa. Since then only a handful of species have been described in the Indo-Pacific (e.g. Hayashi 1981; Noël 1986; Burukovsky 1990, 2007), with the last worldwide key provided by Noël (1986). Despite their apparent solid taxonomic framework, processid distribution and ecology in the Indo-Pacific remains poorly known, even for purported widespread taxa, quite probably linked to their nocturnal lifestyle (e.g. Unsworth et al. 2010) and general rarity in samples. In this contribution, accumulated material in several museums is reported upon, which sheds further light on their distribution. In recent years, much emphasis has been placed on colour patterns of caridean shrimps, notably Alpheidae and Pontoniinae. In contrast, the colour patterns in Processidae and indeed their potential use for species identification has been poorly documented and discussed. This was recently highlighted by De Grave & Felder (2012), who noted potential differences in colour pattern between two common Caribbean species, but at the same time drew attention to diurnal differences in pattern and discrepancies with older colour descriptions. Asides from photos published in several popular underwater guide books, for instance, Hayashidonus japonicus (De Haan, 1844) in Kuiter & Debelius (2009) and Nikoides maldivensis Borradaile, 1915 in Minemizu (2013), there appear to be no known specimen matched photos of Indo-Pacific Processidae at present in the scientific literature. This is here rectified for several taxa, which in some species shows promise as an aid in field identification. As however, the colour pattern in Processidae is highly influenced by time of the day, more specimen-matched photographic images need to be accumulated to fully ascertain its usefulness in species identification. The material reported herein primarily originates from three sources: (1) fieldwork carried out over the last decade in the Indo-Pacific by the Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Oxford, UK (OUMNH) and miscellaneous donations to that collection; (2) recent expeditions by the Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA (FLMNH UF); and (3) unreported as well as recently collected material in 224 Accepted by J. Goy: 25 Feb. 2013; published: 17 Apr. 2013 the collections of the Zoological Reference Collection of the Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, National University of Singapore, Singapore (ZRC). The ecology for each species is summarised, based on present records as well as scattered literature information. Post-orbital carapace length (pocl, in mm) was measured from the edge of the orbit to the posterior margin of the carapace; latitude and longitude are reported in decimal annotation; fieldwork lot numbers are reported between brackets. Taxonomy Processidae Ortmann, 1896 Ambidexter Manning & Chace, 1971 Ambidexter swifti Abele, 1972 Fig. 1A–B Ambidexter swifti Abele, 1972: 366, figs. 1–3. Material examined. Panama: 2 ov. females (pocl 5.5, 6.0), OUMNH.ZC.2009-18-012, Chumical, mixed rock- sand intertidal exposed at night, tide pool, leg. A. Anker, 17.04.2007. Colour pattern. Cephalothorax and abdomen generally transparent, with numerous red-brown chromatophores, larger on cephalothorax than abdomen; third maxillipeds and first pereiopod also covered with chromatophores, posterior pereiopods transparent (Fig. 1A–B). Remarks. The specimens present no noteworthy features and correspond closely to the type description by Abele (1972). Ecology. The ecology of A. swifti is relatively poorly known. The majority of specimens reported in Abele (1972) were collected from burrows on a mid-tidal, sandy beach. The present specimens were collected in a similar habitat (rock-sand shore); however, they were dwelling in tide pools at night. Distribution. According to Wicksten & Hendrickx (2003) the species is distributed from San Diego, California southwards to Panama, also occurring in the Galapagos Islands. However, records are very sparse throughout its range. Ambidexter panamensis Abele, 1972 Fig. 1C Ambidexter panamensis Abele, 1972: 373, figs. 4–5. —Hendrickx, 1988: 246. Material examined. Panama: 1 female (pocl 3.3), OUMNH.ZC.2007-13-015, Chame Bay, exposed mud flat, burrow, suction pump, leg. A. Anker et al., 07.10.2006. Colour pattern. Body largely transparent, with sparse red chromatophores on cephalothorax and abdomen, pereiopods transparent (Fig. 1C). Remarks. The specimen presents no noteworthy features and corresponds closely to the type description by Abele (1972). Ecology. The ecology of A. panamensis is known rather insufficiently. Abele’s (1972) specimens were collected from sandy tide pools. Wicksten (1983) equally reported specimens from tidal pools, but also included a single specimen dredged from 65 m. The present specimen was collected with a suction pump on an intertidal mudflat, but it remains unknown if the shrimp was dwelling inside a burrow of an unidentified burrowing host or in its own shelter in the vicinity of the burrow. Distribution. According to Wicksten & Hendrickx (2003) the species is distributed from Baja California southwards to Panama, also occurring in the Galapagos Islands. NEW RECORDS OF PROCESSIDAE Zootaxa 3640 (2) © 2013 Magnolia Press · 225 FIGURE 1. Eastern Pacific species of Ambidexter Manning & Chace, 1971: A, A. swifti, ov. female, Panama, lateral view (OUMNH.ZC.2009-18-012); B, same specimen, on white background; C, A. panamensis, female, Panama, lateral view (OUMNH.ZC.2007-13-015). 226 · Zootaxa 3640 (2) © 2013 Magnolia Press GRAVE & ANKER Clytomanningus Chace, 1997 Clytomanningus coutierei (Nobili, 1904) Processa coutierei Nobili, 1904: 234.—Nouvel, 1945: 395, figs. 1–8.—Hayashi, 1975: 95, figs. 17–18. Clytomanningus coutierei.—Chace, 1997: 34 (key). Material examined. Papua New Guinea: 1 ov. female (pocl 3.0), OUMNH.ZC.2011-02-0026, New Ireland, Nusalik, seagrass bed, leg. M. Dowell, 28.08.2004. Republic of Palau: 1 ov. female (pocl 2.2), 2 females (pocl 1.5, 1,7), OUMNH.ZC.2012-01-076, Palau, outside of Malakal Harbour, 7.27065 134.46523, 55 m, light trap, leg. S. De Grave & C. Burras, 31.05.2002 [st 288]. Colour pattern. Not recorded. Remarks. All specimens agree with the re-description of the type material in Nouvel (1945) and the description of Kenyan material in Hayashi (1975). Ecology. Both Ledoyer (1984) and Unsworth et al. (2007, 2010) record C. coutierei from shallow water seagrass beds, 8 m and less than 2 m, respectively. Unsworth et al. (2010) showed that the species has a particularly pronounced diurnal change in abundance, which is likely to account for the paucity of records. Interestingly, the specimens from Palau were collected at 55 m depth, the deepest the species has been recorded so far. Distribution. This species was considered to be very rare by Hayashi (1975), as at that time it was only known from Djibouti and Kenya. Since then, it has been recorded from New Caledonia (Ledoyer 1984), Oahu, Hawaii (Titgen 1987), Sulawesi, Indonesia (Unsworth et al. 2007, 2010), and is herein recorded from Papua New Guinea and Palau. Clytomanningus molaris (Chace, 1955) Fig. 2 Processa molaris Chace, 1955: 11, fig. 5.—Hayashi, 1975: 124, figs. 29–30. Clytomanningus molaris.—Chace, 1997: 34. Material examined. French Polynesia: 1 female (pocl 1.7), FLMNH UF 23275, Moorea, back reef at west corner of Cook’s Bay Pass, -17.4815 -149.8255, backreef, 1–2 m, algal wash, leg. L. Watling, 12.12.2009 [BMOO-10719, BIZ-284]. Hawaii: 1 ov. female (pocl 1.8), FLMNH UF 15204, Maui, Wahikuli Beach Park, 20.9189 -156.6644, Halimeda bed, 6–12 m, algal wash, leg. P. Fiene, 30.11.2008 [G-08-087, Pittman-1081130]; 1 female (pocl 1.7), FLMNH UF 15205, Maui, Wahikuli Beach Park, 20.9189
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