AFR 110-14 USAFAIRCRAFT AGCIDENT INVESTIGATION BOARD
24 JUNE94 FAIRCHILDAFB, WA
8.52H AIRGRAFT 92 BW VOL 3 s/N 61-0026 325 BS
INVESTIGATIONOFFICER MIGHAELG. MGGONNELL,COL, USAF
HQ 12THAIR FORCE COPYNUMBER 8L OF USAF AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT I}WESTIGATION REPORT INDEXTAB FORM
A AF FORM 7II - USAFMSHAP REPORT C AF FORM?Ilb. AIRCRAFTMSTIAP REPORT D AF FORM Trrc - AIRCRAFTil{AINTENAIICE AIID N{ATERI.ALREPORT G FLIGIIT A}ID PERSONNELRECORDS H AFTOFORMS 78I I I\{ATERI.ALDEFICIENCY REPORTS J TECHMCAL A}-IDENGINEERING EVALUATIONS OF N{ATERI,AL(DOD) K DD FORM I75, MILTTARYFTIGHT PLA}-I L DD FORM 365F,WEIGIIT A}.ID BAI.A}-ICE CLEARANCE FORM F - TACTICAL M CERTIFICATEOF DAIVIIA\GE N TRAI{SCRIPTSOF RECORDED COMMUMCATIONS O A}TYADDMONAL SIJBSTA}-ITIATINGDATA REPORTS a 0RDERSAPPOINTING II-n/ESTIGATING BOARD R DIAGRAIVIS(FALLOTJT-IMPACT AREA) S PHOTOGRAPHS T II\TDI\@UAL FLIGHTRECORDS V TESTIMONYA}-ID STATEMEbITS OF WrINESSES W WEATI#R OBSERVATIONS w X STATEMENTSOF INJI.]RY OR DEAfiI Y DOCUMENTSAPPOINTING ACCIDENT IN\ESTIGATION BOARD Z PHOTOGRAPHSNOT INCT,TJDEDIN PARTI OF SAFETYREPORT AA SUPPORTINGADDITIONAL DATA I USAF ATRCRAFTACCIDENT II-I\IE STIGATION REPORT INDEX TAB FORM
T.O lB-szH-l-l FLIGIITIVIANUAL APPEI{DIX I PERFORIvIANCEDATA AA-t.l T.O.IB.52G.I-II PILOTSFLIGI{T MANUAL AA-2.1 FEDERALAVIATION REGI.JLATIONS AA-3.1 AFI I l-209, 17Febnrary 1994 AIR FORCEPARTICIPATION IN AERIALETVENTS AA4.I AFR 60-18, 27 July 1992 AIRFORCEPARTICIPATION IN AERIALEVENTS AA4.3 AFR 60-18, 30 January1987 AIR FORCEPARTICIPATION IN AERIALEVENTS 444.8 ACCR55-18, I April 1994ACC PARTICIPATION IN AERHL EVENTS AA4.l3 AFR60-1, 9 February1990 FLIGHT il{ANAGEMENT AA-5.1 AFR60-16, 27 January1992 GENERAL FLIGIIT RIJLES AA-5.6 ACCR5l-50 Volume?Z,I January1993 B-52 AIRCREW TRAINING AA{.I ACCR55-2, I June1992 LIITE SUPPORT PROGRAM AA-7.1 T.O. 14P34-151,I lvlay1983 HGU-SS/P FLYER'S I'IELtvlET AA-7.5 ACCR55-1s2, I I lt{arch1994 B-52 AIRCREW OPERATIONAL PROCEDLJRES AA-8.1 SACR55-12 Volume l,20 November1989 AIROPERATIONS AA-9.1 FCIF ITEM: BOMBERVISUAL FORIVIATION AA-10.1 FAIRCHILDAFB NEWSRELEASES AA-ll.l MR. I(ENT.IETHPEARCE'S LETTER TO GEI.IERALLOH AA-12.1 AIR SHOWBRIEFING SLIDES AA-13.1 AIRCREWFLY-ING SCTIEDTJLE AA-14.t ACC FORM 50, FEB 93 FLIGTITORDER AA-15.r AFTO FORM 78I. SEPE5 AFORMSAIRCREWA{ISSION FLIGTIT DATA DOCTJMENT AA-16.r TVIAINTENAI-ICEMEMORAT.IDLIM FOR BOARD PRESIDENT AA-17.1 ACCR5 I. 18, I lldarch1993 BOMBINGNAVIGATION/AGN,TTRAINING AA-18.1 AFTO FORM6, AUG 9l B-52 AIRCRAFTREFIJELING AI.ID DISTRIBUTION LOc AA-19.1 AFTOFORM 46, JUL 84 PREPOSffiONEDLIFE SLIPPORTEQUIPIVIENT AA-20.1 SEATTLECENTER NTAP PRINTOUT AA-21.1 COGNITECII,INC.DATA AA-22.1 AF FORM 3516,IVIAR 92 DAILY RECORDOF FACILITY OPERATION AA-23.1 92ndBOMB WING LEADERSHIPTIMELINE AA-24.1 VIDEO TAPE AA-25.1 ADMIMSTRATIVE MATTERS AA-26.1 o tr o L) lrl E Ir o o o tr td o o- UJ |J- lrl E o tr lr, I
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USAFAIRCRAFT ACCIDENT II\ryESTIGATIONREPORT INDEXTAB FORM
A AF FORM 7II . USAFMSHAP REPORT C AF FORM?11b. AIRCRAFTMISIIAP REPORT D AF FORM ?11c- AIRCRAFTffi AI.ID I\4ATERLALREPORT G FLIGHTAhID PERSONNELRECORDS H AFTOFORMS 78I I N{ATHRTALDEFICIENCY REPORTS J TECHMCALAI'ID ET.IGINEERINGEVALUATIONS OF I\4ATERLAL (DOD) K DD FORM I75, MILITARY FLIGIIT PIA}.I L DD FORM 365F,WEIGIIT At{D BALA}.ICECLEARA}-ICE FORM F - TACTICAL M CERTIFICATEOF DAN{AGE N TRAT.ISCRIPTSOFRECORDEDCOffiS O ANY ADDITIOhIALSUBSTAI\TTIATIhIG DATA REPORTS a oRDERSAPPCUNTING II{\ruSTIGATING BOARD R DIAGRAI\{S(FALLOUT-IMPACT AREA) S PHOTOGRAPHS T II\ilDTVIDUALFLIGIIT RECORDS V TESTIMOI{YA}.ID STATEMENTSOF WIINESSES W WEATIIER OBSERVATIONS X STA]EMENTSOF INJI.]RYOR DEAfiT X Y DOCUMET-ITSAPPOINTING ACCIDEhTT IN\IIESTIGATION BOARD N PHOTOGRAPHSNOT INCLTJDEDIN PARTI OF SAFETYREPORT AA SUPPORTINGADDTTIONAL DATA I DEPARTMENT OF TI{E AIR FORCE HEADQUARTERS93D BOMB wrNc (ACC) CASTLEAIR FORCEBASE. CALIFOR.T{IA
l9 Augrut 1994
MEMORAI.fDUM FOR: ColonelMcConnell, President,AFR I 10-14Board
FROM: 93d MedicalGroup/SGP (ACC) CastleAFB, California 95301
SUBJ: MedicalStatement- Summaryof Conclusions
l. In referenceto theB-52H aircraftaccident of 24 Jun 94 at FairchildAFB, Washington,the following conclusionsare corsistent with the findingsat autopsyof the four fatally injnred aircrervmembers:
Col. Wolffwas seatedin theinstuctor pilot's seat(not capable of ejection) Lt. Col. Hollandwas probably in contol of the aircraftat the time of impact,had not initiatedejection and wasseated in the left pilot's seat Lt. Col McGeehanhad partially ejected (and was therefore not in control of the aircraft)and was seated in the right pilot's seat Lt. Col. Httston(by processof elimination)was seated in the radarnavigator's seatand had not initiatedejection
2- Although all four crewmembers sustained injrrries that mayhave been caused by placement of the handsand fect on the controls,their seatingilrangement and the ejectionsequence statusmake the aboveconclusions almost certain. The injuriessustained by the crew members other thanLt. Col. Hollandwere attributed to impactforces only. Thoseparticular characteristicinjuries of Lt Col. Holland wereattributed to havinghis handson the controlsat impact.
MC, SFS DEPARTMENT OF Tffi AIR FORCE TIEADQUARTERSe3D BOMB \I'ING (ACC) CASTLE AIR FORCEBAsE, CALIFORMA
l9 August1994
MEMORAIIDUM FOR: ColonelMcConnell, President,AFR I 10-14Board
FROM: 93d MedicatGroup/SGP (ACC) CastleAFB, California 9530I
SIJBJ: Medical Statement- LieutenantColonel Arthrrr A. Holland l. A reviewof themedical records of LieutenantColonel Arthur A. Hollandreveals that a flying classII (short)physical was accomplished on 16 Dec 93. The examr+'as within normal limits andmedical clearance was granted, valid through3l Jan 95. His last long physicalwas accomplishedon 15Dec 92, and he wasqualified.
2. LieutenantColonel Holland expired due to multiple extremeinjrrries. Toxicologicalstudies were negative.
3. Becauseof thepattern of Lt. Col. Holland'sinjuries and tfuough the processof elimination, the following conclusionsare coruistent with the findings:
He wasin theleft pilot'sseat He hadhis handson the controlsat thetime of impact He had not initiatedthe ejectionsequence He was in primarycontrol of the aircraft
4. In conclusion,tlere is no evidenceof medicalfacts in the records,autopsy. or toxicological studiesthat wor:ldhave contribrrted to this accident.
, USAF,MC, SFS -t DEPARTMENT OF TIIE AIR FORCE HEADQUARTERS93D BOMB WING(ACC) CASTLEAIR FORCEBASE, CALIFORNIA
19August 1994
MEMORA-IIDUMFOR: ColonelMcConnell, President,AFR I 10-14Board
FROM: 93dMedical Group/SGP (ACC) CastleAIB, California9i301
SIJBJ; Medicalstatement-Lieutenant coronel Kenneth s. Huston
l- A reriew of the medicalrecords of LieutenantColonel Kenneth S. Hustonreveals that a flying classII (short)physical was accomplished on l5 September1994. The examwas within normallimits andmedical clearance was granted, valid ttuougb30 September1995. His last Iong physicalwas accomplished on 2 september1992, and he oru qu"lifi*d.
2' LieutenantColonel Huston expired due to multiple extremeinjuries. Toxicologicalstud1es were negative.
3. Becauseof the patternof Lt. Col. Huston'sinjuries and through the processof elimination, the following conclusioruare consistent with the findings:
He was in the Radar-Navigator'sseat He hadnot initiatedthe ejectionsequence He wasnot in contol of the aircraft
4- In conclusion,there is no evidenceof medicalfacts in therecords, autopsy. or toxicological studiesthat wouldhave conkibuted to this accident.
SAF,MC, SFS Chief,Aeromedical
x-3 t DEPARTMENT OF TITF AIR FORCE HEADQUARTERS93D BOMB WING (ACC) CASTLEAIR FORCEBASE. CALIFORNIA
19August 1994
MEMORANDLIM FOR: ColonelMcConnell, President,AFR I l0-14 Board
93dMedical Group/SGP (ACC) CastleAFB, California95301
Medical Statement- LieutenantColonel Mark C. McGeehan l. A reviewof the medicalrecords of LieutenantColonel Mark C. McGeehanreveals that a flying classII (short)physical was accomplished on l6 December1993. The examwas within normallimits andmedical clearance was granted, valid through 3l January1995. His lastlong physicalwas accomplished on l5 December1992, and he wasqualified.
2. LieutenantColonel McGeehan expired due to multiple exteme injuries. Toxicological studieswere negative.
3. The patternof Lt. Col. McGeehan'sinjuries are consistent with the followingconclusions:
He wasin the right pilot's seat He hadinitiated ejection and had been partially ejected at thetime of impact He wasprobably not in contol of the aircraft
4. In conclusion,there is no evidenceof medicalfacts in the records,autopsy. or toxicological studiesthat would havecontributed to this accident.
,,,, Chief, Aerhmfdical Services L"-' DEPARTMENT OF THII AIR FORCE HEADQUARTERS93D BOMB wil-ic (ACC) CASTLEAIR FORCEBASE. CALIFORMA
l9 Augrst1994
MEMORAI'IDUM FOR: ColonelMcConnell, President,AFR I 10-14Board
FROM: 93d Medical Group/SGP(ACC) CastleAFB, California95301
SUBJ: MedicalStatement- ColonelRobert E. Wolff
L A reviewof themedical records of ColonelRobert E. Wolffrevealsthat a flying classII (short)physical was accomplished on I July 1993.The exam was within normallimits and medicalclearance was grante4 valid through3l August 1g95. He wasgranted a waiverfor hlpercholesterolemia,controlled with Quesfian,valid until 3l Augustl996. His lastlong physicalwas accomplished on I I July 1992,and he wasqualified with the waiverby I MGAvIGP.
2- ColonelWolffexpired due to multipleextreme injuries. Toxicological studies were negative.
3. Thepattern of Col. Wolffs injuriesare consistent with the followingconclusions:
He wasseated in the instructorpilot's (Ip) seatat impact He rvasprobably not in controlof the aircraft (The IP seatdoes not haveejection capability)
4. ln conclusion,there is no evidenceof medicalfacts in therecords, autopsy. or toxicological studiesthat would havecontibuted to this accident.
MC, SFS Chief,
x-5 USAFAIRCRAFT ACCIDENT I}.I\{ES TIGATION REPORT II{DEXTAB FORM
A AF FORM 7II - USAFMS}IAP REPORT c AF FORM7I1b . AIRCRAFTMSTIAP REPORT D AF FORM Tllc - AIRCRAFTffi AI{D I\4ATERIALREPORT G FLIGHTA}-ID PERSONNEL RECORDS H AITTOFORMS 78I I I\{ATERIAL DEFICIET-ICYREPORTS J TECHMCAL AI.ID ENGINEERINGEVALUATIONS OF I\4ATERLAL(DOD) K DD FORM I75, MILITARY FLIGI.ITPIA}-I L DD FORM 365F,WEIGHT A}ID BAI.AhICECLEARAhICE FORM F - TACTICAL M CERTIFICATEOF DAN{AGE N TRAI{SCRIPTSOF RECORDEDCOMMTJNICAIIIONS o ANY ADDITIONAT SUBSTA}-ITIATtr-IGDATA REPORTS a ORDERSAPPOINTING II\T\IESTIGAIIING BOARD R DIAGRAI\{S(FAITOIJT-IMPACT AREA) S PHOTOGRAPIIS T INDIVIDUAL FLIGHTRECORDS v TESTIMOhIYA}-ID STATEMEhITS OF WTTNESSES w WEATHEROBSERVATIONS x STATEME}ITSOF INJI"JRYORDEATTI Y DOCUMENTSAPPOINTING ACCIDENT II-IVESTIGATION BOARD Y z PHOTOGRAPHSNOT INCLIJDEDINPART I OF SAFETYREPORT AA SUPPORTINGADDITIONAL DATA t DEPAFITMENTOF THE AIR FOFICE HEADOUARTEFS TWELFTH AIB FORCE (ACC) DAVIS+IONTHAN AIFI FORCE BASE, ARIZONA
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HCCONNELL MEMORAI.IDTIMFOR COLONEL MICTTAEL G'
FRol.t: 12 AF/cc 5340 E. GAFFORDWAy, SUITE 132 DAVrS-l.loNTHAlf AFB AU 85707-4250
B-52H' SUBJECT: Investigation of Aircraft Accident' sN61*0026, 24 ilun 94, 92 B!{, Fairchild' AFB' wA
to inveetigate end determine the facts l. You are appointed, under AFR 110-14, accident' and circumEtanceB gurrounding eubject aircraft
take etatementB or teEtJ-mony, and 2. you are authorieed to interview pereonnel, to the accident which are examine records, filee, and correEPondence relative by the Safety wlthin the control of the Air Force, after they are releaeed paragrapha 2, 3, and 8, and AER Inveatigation Board ae providecl by AFR 110-14, 127-4, paragraPhe 1-9a and l-9c.
copies, when apeeified 3. Your report wiII contdin the originals or certified including pertinent by AFR 110-14, of all documentE relevant to the accident, the accident' historical mairrtenance recordt of the aircraft J'nvolved in are not Photographic or machine reproductione may be ueed only if orlglnals not available will available. In euch a caEe, the reaeone why the orlginalB are of Facte as be explained in your report. Your report will contain a Summary descrlbed ln Attachment 2, AFR 110-14. If you are able to form an opinion, your baeed on clear and convincing evl"dence, as to the caueee of the accident' rel)ort muEt include thoge opinione. You may aleo lnclude any approBriate conclusions and recommendations' Prepare your rePort in an original and l0 copiee, foltowing AFR 110-14, Attaehmente 1 and 4' and ueing AFR 120-3 as a general guide. Do not furniEh a caPy to any other person or agency and do not debrief the hoet comnander without permieeion of thie headquarters.
4. The 12 AF/JA will provide you with an initlal briefing' Major Donald G. the TyBon, DSN 361-7163, He 12 AF/JA, has been appointed aB your legal adviEor- point sz awTta wilt provide locat etenographic aEeiEtance, a legal office of contect and other administrative BupPort you may need'
cc: t2 AF/Do/SE e2 Bwlcc/JA/Do 93 BW/CC
Gtnbd.I po,.Lil gtt ta,.niu DEPAHTMENTOF THE AIR FOHCE HEADOUAHTEH$TWELFTH ^IR FOHCE(ACC} OAVIS{IOHIHAH AIA FORCEgASE. ARIZONA
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MEil{ORANDTIMFOR I,IET,ITENN{T COLONEL KEVIN J' NEHRING
FROMI 12 AF/CC 5340 E. Gafford WaY, Suite 132 Davis-Monthan AFB AZ 85707-4250
SIIBJECTI Investigation of Aircraft Aceident: B-52H, SN61-00?6, 24,lun i+, 92 Bw, Fairchild AFB' wA
1. Under the provisions of AFR 110-14, paragraph.Sd, and with the concurrence of the command involvedr You are aPPointed to assist i"i""ef Michael G. Mcconnel}, during his investigation of subject aircraft accident.
Z. you will review all pertinent nredical records pertaining to the air crew of subject aircraft. Your review will include a determination as to whether any medical factors affected performance of the crew, relevant abnormal laboratOry test lesutts, and any other relevant medical records as appropri.t?:. you wili furnish Colonel McConnell with a written report detailing any irregutarities or deficiencies you find. If none, You should so state. ft you are able to form an opinion, based on clear and convincing evidence, BS to the causes of the accidentr your report should inctude those opinions, You may also include any appropriate conclusions and reconmendations. You may also be rlluii-ed to assist Colonel McConneII in taking the testimony of, or propounding guestions to witnesses during the course of the investigation'
3. You wil} subnrit your written report to Colonel McConnell within five duty days unless an extension is granted by him. fnclude in your report factual comnents on any matters that may have a bearing on the accident or are of sufficient importance as to reguire examination. Originals of all records reviewed, and ten copies, wiII be submitted to Colonel McConnell with your report, If originals are not available, submit copies of the relords and explain why the originals are not included in your report. Do not debrief anyone without permission of this headquarters.
USAF
cc: Lz AF/DO/SE e2 ARw/cclJAlSG 93 OSS/CC 93 BWlcclsG HQAcc/SGIJA Y-Z GInbal Pcrlle.n(ot lure+Iet DEPAFTMENTOF THEAIR FOHCE HE^DOUIETEBS TWELFTHAIH FORCE (^cc) DAVIS{IOHTHAN AIH FOHCEAASE. ARIZOHA
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ME.IOR,ANDUMFOR I'TAJOR WARRENA. MONTGOMERY
FROM: LZ AF/cc 5340 E. GAFFORDWAY' SUrTE 132 DAVIS-MONTHANAFB AZ 85707-4250
SI'BJECT: Investigation of Aircraft Accident: B-52H, SN61-0026, 24 ,lun i+ , 92 BW, Fairchild AFB, wA
you_are 1. Under the provisions of AFR 110-14' ParagraPh-8d, appointed to aisist CoIoneI Miehael G. Mcconnetl during his iirvestigation of subject aircraft accident' Z. You will ascertain a complete histoiy of the air crewrs *rrrr*rr"y and aircraft qualif-ications, aTd should, at a ninimr:m, examine the air crewts trainJ.ng evaluation records and the inaiviaual training and flight records. You wiII furnish colonel It"c""""ii witfr a wiitten report detailing any irregularities or a"ii"i"ncies you find, If noner You should so state. If.you are able to forn in opinion, based on-clear and convincing evidenc_e, as to the causes of the accident, your report should_ include ttrose opinions. you may also include any appropriate_conclusions and ;;;;**;naations, lou should also pieplre a cornplete narrative ni*t"iy of the flight sumnarizing the events from briefing to- accident. you may itso be requirid to assist Colonet McConneII in taking the testiiony of, or propounding questions to witnesses during the course of the investigation' 3. you will subrnit your written report to Colonel McConnell within five duty aayl unless an extension is granted by hinr. Include in your-repbrt factual conments on any matters that may have a bearinql on the accident or are of sufficient importance _as to require eximination. Originals of aII records reviewed, and ten copies, wilt be submitted to CoIoneI McConneII with youf report-. ff originals are not available, submit copies of the relords and explain why the originals are not included in your report. Do nol debriei anyone without permission of this headguarters.
USAF cc: I2 AF/Do/sE 92, ARW/Cc/JA 93 oss/cc Y-3
GIntuI ?w4 {on luuwon DEPAHTIVIENTOF THE AIR FOBCE HEADOUInTEHS Tn ELFIH AIH FOReE (ACC) DAVI${IOHTHAI-IAtB FOHCEBASE. ARIZONA
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M4{ORANDTII.{ FOR CAPTAIN THOTIIASL. WAIJI,
FROM: 12 AF/CC 5340 E' GAFFORDWAY' SUITE 132 DAVIS-MONTHAN AFB AZ 85707-4250 SN61-0026' SUBJECT:. Investigation of Aircraft Accident: B-52H, 24 ;un i+, 92 BW, Fairchild AFB, wA
with 1. Under the provisions of AFR 110-14' Paragraph.Ed' and the concurrence of ine command involved, You,are appoiTted to assist colonel Michael G. t{cconnell during his investigation of subject aireraft accident.
Z. you will review the maintenance records of subject aircraft Eovering the 60 day period innediately Preceding the accident. you will f,urnish cbf-onef McConnell wiLfr- a written reFort detaiJ-ing i"y i"regufaritl-es or defi.ciencJ"es you find. If none.' you strould so'state] If you are able to form an opinion, based on clear and convineing evidencer Bs to the causies of the accidentr your report should inctude those opinions. You may also include any conclusioni and reconmendations. You may also be iE-guii"d"Fpi"priate to assist Colonel McConnell in taking the testimony of , o=*p"opounding questions to witnesses during the course of the investigation. 3. You will submit your written report to Colonel McConneII within five duty dayl unless an extension is granted by ItiT. Include J-n your-report factual conments on any matters that may have a bearing on the accident or are of sufficient importance as to require eximination. Originals 9f all records reviewed, and ten cdpies, wiII be submitted to CoIoneI t'[cConnell with youf report-. fi originals are not available, subrnit copies of the re-cords and explain why the originals are not included in your report. Do not aebrief anyone without permission of this headquarterE.
General, cc: 12 AF/DO/SE e2 ARW/CC/JA e3 oss/cc e Rw/cc/Do 99 RS/cc v-4
GIrfuI Potlea,{on All.atr.et DEPAHTMENTOF THEAIH FOFICE HEADOUAHTEH$TWELFTH AIR FOBCE(ACC) DAVIS.IIONTHAHAIF FOFCE BA5E, AAIZONA
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ST. HII.AIRE MEMORLNDUM FOR I,TASTER SERGEANT LOREN G.
FROM: 12 AF/CC 5340 E. GAFFORDWAY' SUITE 132 DAVIS-MONTHAN AFB AZ 8s707-4250
S|BJ: Investigation of Aircraft Accident: B-52H' SN51-0026, 24 ,lun g+ , 92 BW, Fairchild AFB, WA
1. Under the provisions of AFR llo-14' paragraph.Sd, with the concurrence of'the commandinvolved, You-are appointed to assist i"i"""f Michael G. Mcconnell during his investigation of subject aircraft accident.
Z. you will review the egress systen of subject aircraft covering the 60 day peiioa inrnediafely prlce$ing the accident- You wiII furnish Colonef McConne1f witn a written rePort detailing any f;;E;I"iiii** or defl-ciencies you fiTd: If noner You should so stat6. If you are able to forn an opinion, based on clear and' Lvidence, BS to the causes of the accident, your report should""nvi"cing inituae those opinions. You may also include any ippi"ptiate conclusioni and recommendations. You may also be rl&uiied to assist CoIoneI McConneII in taking the testimony of, or-f=opounding questions to witnesses during the course of the J-nvestigation 3. You will subnit your written report to Colonel McConnell within five duty days unless an extension is granted by hi1. Include in your-report factual counents on any matters that may have a bearing on Lhe accident or are of sufficient importance -as to require exinination. Originals 9f all records reviewed, and ten c6pies, wiII be submitted to Colonel Mcconnell with your reporti If originals are not available, submit copies of the relordE and explain why the originals are not included in your report. Do nol aebriei anyone without permission of this headquarters.
li/ry0' I eneral, USAF
cci 12 AF/DO/SE e2 ARw/cclJA 93 OSS/CC e2 MS/CC Y_5
GInfuI Potlr,n lon Aneaiot I DEPAHTMENTOF THE AIR FOFCE HEADOUARTEH$ T\,I/ELFTHalB FOBCE (AGcl DAVIS{IOHTHAN AtF FORCEBASE. AHIZONA
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I}TB{OR,A,NDI'I4FOR SERGEANT LUIS M. PINIERO
FRoM: 12 AF/CC 5340 E. GAFFORDWAY' SUITE 132 DAVIS-I{ONTIIAN AFB AZ 85707-4250
SIIBJ: InvestJ.gation of Aircraft Accident: B-52H, SN51-O026' 24 ,lun 5a , 92 BW, Fairchird AFB, wA
and vrith the 1. Under the provisions of AFR 110-14' Para€traph.8d, of-ihe command involved, You- are aPpointed to assist concurrence of subject colonel l.tichael G. Mcconne}l during nis investigation aircraft accident. aircraft 2. you wlll revievr the life support system of subject E"""ii"g the ;0 e"y period irnmediately preceding the accident' you will furnish Colonel Mcconnelt wilh- a written report detailing should ;t irregularities or defieieneies you find. If noner You If-you are able to forn an opinion, based. on clear and so state. your convincing evihence, BS to the causes of the accident' report =f,""fA infifuae those opinions. You may also include any ;;p;priite conclusion! and recommendations. You may also be required to assist Colonel McConnell in taking the testimony of, ;;=il;pottttaittg questions to witnesses during the course of the investigation' 3. You will submit your written report to Colonel McConneII within five duty aayE unless an extlnsion is granted by hitn' inciuae in your-report factual comnents on any matters that may tti"" a bearing on Lhe accident or are of sufficient importance _as to r*qoire exirnination. Originals of aII records reviewed, and i*r witl be subnitted to CoIoneI McConnell with youf ieport,"6pies, Ii originals are not available, subnit copies of the relords and explain why the originals are not included in your report. Do nol aebrief anyone without permission of this headquarters '
USAF
cci L2 AF/DO/SE e2 ARW/CC/JA 93 OSS/CC 325 BS/CC
Y-6 clotuf, Potrr,nlot ltneniet DEPAETMENTOF THE AIR FOFICE HEAOOUAFTERSTWELFTH ^tn FOFCE (aCC) OAVIS{IOHTHAH AIB FOBCE gAgE, ARIZONA
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MEI,TORANDTIMFOR IJIEUTENANT COIJONEL MICTTAEIJ L' COLOPY
FRoM! 12 AF/cc 5340 E. Gafford WaY, Suite 132 Davis-Monthan AFB AZ 85707-4250
SUB;IECTl fnvestigation of Aircraft Accident: B-52H, SN61-OQ?6, 24 Jun 94 , 92 BW, Fairchild AFB, lilA
t. Under the provisions of AFR 110*14, paragraph 7b, and with concurrence of the command concerned, you are appointed to provide legal advice as local legal advisor to Colonel Michael G' McConne}l, 93 oGlCC, during hi"s investigation of subject aircraft accident.
Z. you will perform duties as required by CoI McConneII to ensure full and appropriate complianee with AFR 110-14. You will also review aII haterial and information provided by the president of the safety investigation board to ensure cornpliance with AFR 127-4 safety privilege requirements. You may also be required to assist in taking the testimony of, oF propounding questions to witnesses during the course of the investigation. Finally, you wiII review the compiled report of accident investigation prior to the report being sent to 12 AF/,IA for compliance with AFR 110-14 and its reasonable factual sufficiencY.
ccr HQ 12 AF/Do/SE/JA 92 ARW/CC/,IA ls AF/eCIJA Alrc/cclJA
Y--7
trlntnl Pntnn loa Anenita t DEPAFITMENTOF THE AIH FORCE HEALCTUARTEFSTWELFTH atH FOHGE(^CC) DAVIS{IOHTHAH AIR FOHCEBA$E. ABITONA
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MEI,IORANDUI,IFOR MAJOR DONATD G. TYSON
FROM: 12 AF/CC 5340 E. Gafford Way, Suite 132 Davis-Monthan AFB AZ 85707-4250
suBJEcr: rnvestigation of Aircraft Accident: B-szH, sl.I61-00?6, 24 ,Tun 94 , 92 BW, Fairchild AFB, wA
1. under the provisions of AFR 110*14, paragraph ?b, you are appointed to provide primary legal advice t,o-CoIoneI Michael G. McConnell, 93 oG/CC, during his investigation of subject aircraft accident.
2- You will perform duties as required by col Mcconnell to ensure fuII and appropriate conpliance with AFR tlo-14, you will arso review all rnaterial and infor-rnation provided by the presidettt ot thg safety investigation board to ensure cornpliance iritn AFR 122*4 safety privilege reguirements. You may also be required to assist in taking the testimony ofr oE propounding questioris to witnesses during tlre course of the investLgation. Firiarry, you wiir ieview the compiled report of aecident investigation fli Lonptiance with AFR 110-14 and its reasonable factuar srifriciency.
aI, USAF cc: 12 AF/DO/SE/JA e2 ARw/cc/JA ].s AF/CCIJA Atrc/cclJA
Y_8 &obal Pwtt {oa lneaicn USAF ATRCR{IITACCIDENT II*TVESTIGATIONREPORT II'{DEXTAB FORM
A AF FORM 711. USAFMSIIAP REPORT C AF FORM?IIb - AIRCRAFTMSIIAP REPORT D AF FORM Tllc - AIRCRAFTffi AIID IdATERIALREPORT G FLIGHT A}ID PERSONNELRECORDS H AFTOFORMS 78I I I\4ATERIALDEFICIENCY REPORTS J TECHNICALAI.ID ENGINEERINGEVATUATIONS OF IvfATERLAL (DOD) K DD FORM I75, MILITARY FLIGHTPI.A}-I L DD FORM 365F,WEIGIIT AIIilDBAI-A}-ICE CLEARA}-ICE FORMF - TACTICAL M CERTIFICATEOF DAI\{AGE N TRAI{SCRIPTSOF RECORDED COMMT.TMCATIONS O AtIv ADDmONAL SIJBSTAhITIATINGDATA REPORTS A ORDERSAPPOINTING INIIESTIGATING BOARD R DTAGRAT\{S(FALLOUT-IMPACT AREA) . S PHOTOGRAPIIS T INDIVIDUAL FLIGHTRECORDS V TESTIMOI{Y A}-IDSTATEMENTS OF WNNESSES W WEATHEROBSERVATIONS X STATEMEN{TSOF INJT.JRYOR DEATTI Y DOCUMENTSAPPOINTING ACCIDENT II{VESTIGATION BOARD Z PHOTOGRAPIISNOT INCLIJDEDIN PARTI OF SAFETYREPORT z, AA SUPPORTINGADDITIONAL DATA + TAB Z
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAQE DESCRIPTION site(approximlrte date 25 June1994) z-l Aenal photographof crash z-2 n"riaf pnotoEopftof crashsite (sweral hours afrer crash on 24 June1994) date25 June 1994) z,-3 eerial bnotogopnof crashsite (approximate site(approximarc date 25 June1994) z1 nerial pnotogt"pttof crash z-5 Aerialpttoto!.apt of crashsite (approxifftte date 25 June 1994) t
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A AF FORM 7II . USAFMISTIAP REPORT C AF FORM?11b. AIRCRAFTMSHAP REPORT D AF FORM Tlrc- AIRCRAFTffi AI{D IvIATERLALREPORT G FLIGHTAI{D PERSONNELRECORDS H AFTOFORMS 781 I I\{ATERLALDEFICIET.ICY REPORTS J TECHNICALA}-ID ENGINEERING EVALUATIONS OF IVIATERI.AL (DOD) K DD FORM I75, MILITARY FLIGHTPIA}-I - t DD FORM 365F,WEIGHT AI-ID BALAI{CE CLEARANCEFORM F TACTICAL M CERTIFICATEOF DAIyIAGE N TRAhISCRIPTSOF RECORDED COMMT.JNICATIONS O ANY ADDITIONAL SITBSTAI\ITIATtr'IGDATA REPORTS A ORDERSAPPOINTINGIN\IESTIGATING'BOARD R DIAGRATdS(FAILOUT-IMPACT AREA) S PHOTOGRAPHS T INDTVIDUALFLIGTIT RECORDS V TESTIMONYA}.ID STATEMENTSOF WITNESSHS W WEAfiIER OBSERVATIONS X STATEMENTSOF INJI.JRYORDEAfiI Y DOCIJMENTSAPPOINTING ACCIDENT IN\IESTIGATION BOARD Z PHOTOGRAPHSNOT INCLIJDEDIN PARTI OF SAFETYREPORT AA SIJPPORTINGADDMONAL DATA AA USAF AIRCRATTACCIDENT I}-I\{ESTIGATI ON REPORT INDEX TAB FORM
AA-l.l IB-52H-I-I FLIGHTMANUAL APPEI'TDD( I PERFORMANCE DATA T.O AA-2.1 lB-s2G-l-l I PtrOTSFLIGIIT IVIANUAL T.O. AA-3_l AVIATION REGI,JLATIONS FEDERAL AA4-1 tr-209, l? Febnrary1994 AIRFORCEPARTICIPATION IN AERIAL EVENTS AFr AA*+.3 ern eo-rg,- 27 IuIy I99i AtR FORCEPARTICIPATION IN AERIALEVENTS AA-4.8 AFR50-18, 30 January1987 AIRFORCE PARTICIPATION IN AERIALEVENTS AA*t.13 etCn ss-is, I April 1994ACC PARTICIPATION IN AERIALEyENTS 60-1,9 Febnrary1990 FLIGHT TVIANAGEMENT AA-s.t AFR AA-5.6 AFR60-16, 27 lanwy 1992GENERAL FLIGIIT RI'JLES 4A-6.1 ACCR5l-50 voh.rme22, I January1993 B-52 AIRCREW TRr{INING AA-7.1 ACCR55-2, I June1992 LIFE SIJPPORTPROGRATVI AA-7.5 T.O.14P34-151, I May1983 HGU-55/P FLYER'S HELMET AA-8.I ACCR55-I 52, I I fuTATC-hI 994 B-52AIRCREW OPERATIONAL PROCEDI.JRES AA-9.1 SACR55-12 Volrrme I,20 November1989 AIROPERATIONS AA-IO.I FCIF ITEM: BOI"IBERVISUAL FORNdATION AA-11.1 FAIRCHILDAFB NEWSRELEASES AA-I2.I MR KENNETHPEARCE'S LETTER TO GENERALLOH aA-I3.1 AIR SHOWBRTEFING SLIDES AIRCREWFLYING SCHEDI,JLE AA-14.1 AA-15.1 ACCFORM 50, FEB 93 FLIGIITORDER AFTOFORM 78I, SEP35 AFORMSNRCREWA'IISSION FLIGIIT DATA DOCI.JMENT AA-16.1 AA-17.1 MAINTENAI.ICEMEMORAI.IDI.JM FOR BOARD PRESIDENT ACCR5 I - I 8, I IVIATChI 993 BOTVTBING/NAVIGATION/AGMTRAINING AA-18.1 AFTOFORM 6, AUG9I B-52AIRCRAFT REFTJELING A}TD DISTRIBUTION LOG AA-19.1 AFTOFORM 46, JULY84 PREPOSmONEDLIFE SIJPPORTEQLIITUEUT AA,?0.1 SEATTLECENTER NTAP PRINTOUT AA-21.1 coGNnECrL n\rc.DATA AA-22.1 AF FORM3616. MAR 92 DAILY RECORDOF FACILITY OPERATION AA-23.1 92ndBOMB WII"IGLEADHR.SHIP TIMELINE AA-24.1 VIDEOTAPE AA-25.1 r{ .:.,r.;I
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This prblication replaccsOpcrational Supplcmtnt 5-39.
Src TcchnicalOrCcr Indtr T.Q. 0- l - 1.! for cunrnr ststul of Flighr lrluuals. Safct;"and Optntionsl Supplcmcms,sd Flighr Crt* Chtclilists.
CommanderE are responsible lor bringing thls publication to the Ettentlon 6f all Alr Force personnel clearedlor operationof sublectaircran.
DISTRIBLTION STATEMENT- Disuiburionau*rori?ed ro r]lc Dcprflncnt of Dc- f*g-]#A-L-J-bEfo-;fi-.rorr onJ;-.Adrninisurrivc or oprntional Urc, 30 Jurur4 1968.Othtt rcqursrsshall tt rcfmcd Io OC-ALCTILDT. Tinlcr AFB. QK ;:1 45-S990.
\IAF.MI\iG - This dorumnt conujnslrchnical dart Ehosr rrpon ir rertrictcdby tir ffi;Effia ControlAcr (ftlc 21.U.S.C..Scc ?i5l ct scq)or thcErpon Administra- tion Acr of I9?9, as urcnded (firlc 50. U.s.C..App.ET gjjE). liolarion of r.htsc crpon la*s ur subJtctro trvrrc cririnal prnahics.
H.\SDLI5G AID DESTRUCTIOISOTICE - Fiudlc in comolimceuirh thcdjs. uibutlonstlcmcnt ud dtsufovbr anr mr,Jrodthat $ill Drcvrntdisclosurc of tic con- rtnrsor rcconsrrucrionof thc documil.
PUBLISHEOUNbER AUTHORITY OF THE SECFETARY OF THE AIH FORCE.
THISPUBLICATION SUPPLEMENTS T.O, 18,52G-1.11,
I FEBRUARYI 96I AA-I.I CHANGE80. I5 SEPTEMBER.I993 T.O.18.52H-1-1 APPENDIX1 PAHT11 MISSIONPLANNING
A,j CC:c C- pcges A;il c-.o A 'l-2 (Deie:cc) MISSIONPLANNING Part1 1
lableof contents
PAGE
TEXl FLIGHTPREPARATION PROCEDURE I SAA,IPLEMISSION CAICULATION rJnr*s : :.: . : :: :::: .. Arr-2 CHARTS SAAAPLEWEIGHT AND BAIANCECLEARANCE FORM ... AII.5 MISSIONCATCUIATION FORM .... AI 14 STANDARDPIANNING WEIGHTS .. AI I.8 REFUELINGAND DISTRIBUTIONLOG . . . .. AI I.I O FORWARDBODY BALLAST FUEL REOUIRED FOR LAUNCH/JEfiI5ON OF EXTERNAL AGrvtE6BMISSILES .... ' Al l'l I WING TANK BALLASTFUEL FOR LANDINGWITH EffENNALAGM.86B MISSILES ... AII-I2 FORWARDBODY BALLAST FUEI REOUIRED FOR LAUNCH/JETIISON OF EtrIERNAL AGM129MlssrLES ..... All-13 WING TANKBALLAST FUEL FOR LANDING WITH EXTERNAL Aclvtl29 M|SS|LHS ... All-14
FLIGHTPREPARATION PROCEDURE gage reading after refueling, and the dipstich read- ing of each taxk. The dipstick readings for the aft NOTE body, outboard wings, ffid external tanks *'ill be the only line 3 entries on AFIO Form 6. All other For AGM-86C nrissile carriage, use tanks will be void on line 3. These quantities are AGM-868 missile data. obtained from the pump flowmeter, the pilot's fuel quantity gages and totslieer, and from a dipstick FUEI SERVICING reading. The difference betn'een totalizer reading (aftcr refueling) and totalizer reading before refuel- gage is Fuel tank and fuel calibration accurate.Due ing plus fuel delivered will not exceed47o. Allow- aft outboard to their critical location, the body, able tolerance between dipstick reading and gage wing, and external fuel tanks are dipped to ensure reading is 4Vo of actual gage reading plus 2% of reason, dipsticks have been pro- accurscy.For this maximum tank capacity. Allowable tolerance be- vided for crew. use by the servicing tween dipstick (gage reading if not dipped) and planned fuel for any one tank is 1000 pounds. If Refueling ond Dirtribution Log (AFIO Form 6) this tolerance is exceeded,the discrepanry must be investigated sld conective action taken. This log Due location tanks along the longi- to the of the fuel *'ill remain with aircraft Form 781 until it has been tudinal axis, proper fuel loading is imperative in checkedand signed by the pilot during the Interior order center of gravity within the to establish a Inspection. Prior to flight, this log will be returned takeoff limits. Although the cg is calculated on the to the unit maintenanceofficer. The log may be de- rreight balanqe clearance (Form 365-4), it is and stroyed 72 hours altcr date of flight. Any transfer possiblefor a large error to exist due to a malfunc- of fuel, engine runup, fuel system maintenance, etr, tioning fuel gage, gages, or totalizer. In order that which would change the scheduledfuel load prior the pilot may accurately check the fuel loading, a to flight r+'ill require that a new form be filled out "Refueling Distribution [.og' (figure A1l-4) is and and signed. All forms will be kept together until provided.This lists the scheduledfuel load, the log they are returned to the unit maintenanceofrrce.
A A- I ) Change79 A11-1 t T.O.I&5?H.l-l APPENDIX1 rART 2 TAKEOFF
TAKEOFF RATED THRUST V/A R N I N G The turmfa-r engine is ilat ratei a[ the ]cn'er :Ex:=ere- twes: however, the t€mperat"lie 3t \thich the f ia'- ra:' ir:g ta\es placr=raries $ilil altitudE (:i5*e -+'?-2r' l:':s snauicinot be a-'iempredu'hen runu'al' .'r;hv O Td-:eof;s ci'raracieristic exFlsiLs so:'-'.eoi tne lieritr:-'::.; = reci b','ii'eler and or s:usli li: €'\ces-roi i s c cue ci'larts sho*- nonjiles.r \'3rIaliL1;'5 ic-al!ere:'j:i ' 0. 3-ir,cn ciepr-h.il ail abori is a-'tenrpredunoer "tiii t*'ilI s'-.rchconditibns. hi..droplar'ing'\t'hich cause severe control and braking logses' may occur Iow BA5I5 FOR,CHARTS ii t'tign*t ground roll speedseven thougha RCR readinghas not beenrePorted' The charts includedin this part are basedupon the I to be drs- aircrajt takeoffperforrnance using the pilot i€clr- I I If aborted talieoff considerationsa-re and aircralt configuration describeciin Sectici regarded. talieoff should not be atiempteC iI the nique I basic Flight lr{anual. Normal aircraft tak€- I Oeitfr oi the water or slush on the runr"ay ex- U it ttre is with full flaps, correct stabilizer O.+ irch becauseof ertreme performance off corrfiguration a.nd*re speciJied number of engines "ulatloss. trim setting, operating at the charted EPR values' The talieoff giound rw distances given in this part ere based c: 40 - normal tal Change€i A2-3 AA-I.3 'I T.O. lF52H-l-l APPENDIX PART2 TAKEOFF '- ' it f-': : '- j .- 1...-'.:..r-^:.--. THRU5T -' iFR FOR FARTIAL -.il.Ll: l'Ull'.\':i'. .L. :r:;"-:': .-' ll'.-i-l:.rrl ''.: .:' :l:-:aI' :: :'.:;;:- ing rhe ciecision(Sl) sileeqrdld ?) {:x'.c:rectional c:l:rcl Tiie reconil:lel'rieciEPR fe; tte :::dEtiesi:'a;l.rle 1:cs-'- ''ne 'lrcs; of Lheaircrefr ire r::ri:rtetied tirou';:rout grcw.u lcll relleoi: perf orn:e:'.ce' TF.is EFR is a l;:''cr:+:rof li-ith a crossrvirC. To clercr::ri:'lethe l'l!rlt::ui:l al,lci'''arit '.rei;F.i.ilressure altitxie' il":i O'{T' ',', RCR iiithorn C:'a5c:':ure ',' i-:cii c';:c lle:'::it a se:e is;::. :::uslbe us"=C.The cecisic.'r TAKEOFFEPR sheet1oi f!gure.+?-1+.+ distance ntust first be conlputed irr the nornril n:aj=ler under "Decision Dista'rce" ard then sub- The Ekeoff EPR ll'ilt normall)' be the EPR for p3rtial as outlined *re at'ailable. EItter figure .{2-1+-{ ti-rust unless the mininrui:l run\\:a)-required e.\ceecis tracted froni nulu'a]' pressu'e altitude, 51 speed,'O.{T, and the rr.rrr- 60% of the runwa-r*avai-l3ble, in u'hich case the EPR for rrith t}te decision and read the =i.:t- taleoff rated thrust u'ill be used. ln no case u'ill the wa1' availdrle nfnus distarce RCR. If a crossrvi:rd exists, enter fi5- EPR for talieoff rated thrust be exceeded' imum allorlalrle ure A2-14A (sheet2) rr''iththe gross rveightand cross- DECISION DISTANCE wind componentto deternrine the nrinimunr allowable RCR for nrainiaining control of the a.ircrart. After NOTE computing the mininrunr allortahle RCR rtithout Cra€: i'aLues When corrputing decision distances, see "l\{in- chute and rvith a crossrt'it'td,the t\\'o contputed rrrdt reirrted RCR. One of tmum RCR for Tbl AA-t' ---r:.= 6l A?-s APPENDIXI T.O.tB-52H-l'l PART8 APPROACHAND TANOING CONDITIONS; REMARKS: EXAMPLE: GIV EH: LANDING. FLapSDOryH I Rr{rr to figurr A8'10 {or tirc linirstionr. PLANNED 6rorr *right:?50,00C lb . FULLAIRBRAKES APPLIED tWhen bro!in9 limit ir rxceeo'cd: ficld prrrrurcoltilcr = - GROUNDRUH AT TOUCHOO\YH Dtloy iniiiol brokingd knolr {or Gcch IjCC oAT =80' F r WHEELBRAKES APPLIED 10,000lb grors *right obcvr rhc limil. RCR= 23 WITH AIRBRAKES AT TOUCHDOWHgPEED Incttctt ground run 250 fect fot coch r{lNu520 KHOTSla5 10,000 lb grort *.i9hi obovc thr linit- FII{D: tllli^"'' oHO DRAGCHUTE l-onCinggrounC run I8 ENGIHESIDLE SOLUTIOH: "Jl"=I'=rHO WIHD.HO GRADIEHT londingground tun=4700 fr DATE; APBTL T968 olc\lv/ E DATA BA5I5: FLIGHTTEST WrrHArnenlxes ";;;; NO DRAGCHUTE 'l ,t -,1 WHEELBRAKES APPLIED ..2 AT TOUCHDOWN. -160 Ft --=I o MINUS20 KNOTS 440; E o 4 : -155- r r3 . -E _- i-4 :.1?9.d 200 -115 E -l -l -l 1 rro-{ -lI -l 60 * l05J 3 4 s 67I I t0 ll 12t31415 GROUNDRUN * IOOOFEET Figurc AB-13. AA-I.5 A8-12 ChanoedI June1968 APPENDIX1 T.O.1B-52H'1'1 PART9 MISCELLANEOUS SPEEDS CONDITIOH5: REMARKST MIHIMUM I Lcnding gtcr crtrtlion EFFECT LOW ALTITUDE r HOGROUHD ot rGlrqcliodhor no tllect UPOB DOYIHAS SHOYIH r FLAPS on rptcdr rhcrn aIRPLAHET EHGIHE$I TO IO,OOOFEET r SEALEYEL I lncrtorc thort oirrPrcd B.5ll TF 33-P-3 ORDOWN r LAHDIHGGEAR UP by l% fot Gcch 5,000 hcl obo'r 10,000 {crr prcrrure cltitudr DATErDECEMBER 1960 DATA BA5I5: EsTIMATED i;..1...'l'i't' ,, -.1'+..t+'i" ,.j i.. l | . ' . I r r I r ;I-j-l-:;;.1;:;;' ::::-:l1:::,:t::;: 2ro .' -.,r-i r't ' r ' t.-.., l :::11-ii--'t"::'':'r . i . ; , r r r r't r I :1.:;l::::II::: .i.n.r.-an-+drn{it+|-n'Fi ..;.1.., I , ,..-..;..1, 200 , ;.l.lr'l'r r i...,.i'..1 l,-.. ;#,+r-'r-*f ---*' i....,1 '., - : I :.i.::.1::::l:::: ...r,.,La..,1,,,---.F+-l-.-"FH.-,, -:' rrirl,| | r90 r; ., '.1..r'l t . . r . I ' - ' #-.-F,---'*.,-t"r"*'."'",,... :.,::: l ; ; . ; | : . : i,i..i.,1.. .i..,.,,.-.l - - r - | ..' t k"l+++".'.l-nn*'- r'"... 1" - ;..,.r r l ' IEO -i .r.r r..l . UI ;:-.. i1=-::::l:r::: F i:;: I i;'':.il-: l'-: o ij:'J.:.;;;;1".:-:.':-: z 170 :i:il ; .i..ln-./ v ,llt*,#f* -irl*+X::-f:-: I r60 :. 1.,,QI.::, ;...;::..1 ::.i':.j o ..i+(l.74;:.1:;;+jlL. |ll rEI 150 lr E { t40 o lll F g{ r30 o = t20 Ito loo 90 tot;6 2OO 25O 3OO 35O 400 450 500 GROSSWEIGHT - l0oo POUND5 FisvreA9-lA. Change 80 Ag-5 T.o. lB-52H-l-l MANEUVERLII{IITS FTAPSDOWN AlRPrtAHE: ,tlrc3'5i DATE:DECEI'IBER 1960 DATA BA5I5: ESTIMATED |n o - i J_!6 g_r'r '\" z . Jl.-+_i " = 4OO- - - r;[;{=;-i1ig h il',:-i") o : E[i'iNi'iEL::::.Ii::.: iI = r J: : :': r =-1.+'*-\*i ct il;i::...'-\ ct {Fr-i;r.:.::;:-: P Ol.:.:..i\..:.::.::. : GIYEH: i i.::;;i-j{ :' 6rorr Wrlght= I tliri:i. 2s,m0 lb F 3OOieFJ*:|,i:f;;; - FIHD Monruvcr I inlt cl I rctonnrndtd filtl lr| cppnoch rprtd = SOLUTIOHT .tl 46' bonlonglr or (r 1,459=Horinun o rrccnnrndtd 4 5f buk onglr or (9 1.62t=lnlritl rtoll romitg 2.OO i-:-'.'! ii i ! ;t.Eo F (} ll COHDITIOHS: ul 50 EI I r FLAP$ DOIIH 4 r 5EALEvEL T0 (' z IO.OOOFEET lrl o a F { I E ul llr J J lrl t' rJ z rJ { { v J = { { JO E oE = Figvre A9-22. Ae-?6chonsedt: ,1u.. AA-1.7 -/ / ' t o. 1B-52G-1-11 Pilots' Flight Manual usAFsEBrEs B-52G unoB-52E{ o'*cRAFr THEBOEING COMPANY F33657-79-C-0dt6 F34601.93-D-0346 .EE!@E/ SIMULTANEOUSCHANGE TO T.O.1E-52G-1-1? YES RELATEDMANUALS T.O.18.5?G-1-13 YES THISPUBLICATION REPI.ACES SAFETY SUPPLEMENT SS'80 AND OPEFATIONAL SUPPLEMENTS s.77ANO S-81. TH|SPUBLICATION IS INCOMPLETE WITHOUT T.O.'S 1.1C.l AND 1'1C-1'15 AND IS USEDWITH T.O. rE.SrC.r.rZAND T.O. 18.5TG.1.13, SUPPLEMENTABY PUBLICATIONS ABE FROVIOED TO SUPPLY OPENAIOHALCOVERAGE IN NONSTANDARPCONFIGURATIONS. SEE T,O. O'1'I-2 FOR NUMEFICALINDEX OF BOMBEFTECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS' SEE T.O. 0.1.1.2FOR CURRENTSTATUS OF FLTGHTMANUALS, SAFETY SUPPLEMENTS, OFEHATIONALSUPPLEMENTS, AND FUGHT CREW CHECKLISTS. COMMANDERSABEFESPONSIBLE FOR BHINGING THIS PUBLICANON TOTHE ATTENTION OF ALL AIF FORCEPERSONNEL CLEARED FOR OPERATION OF SUBJECT AIRCRAFI. DISTFIBUT|ONSTATEMENT - Distributionauthorized lo theDepartment ot Delenseand U.S.DOD ffiiveotopcrationa|Use,30January1988'otherrGque5l$5ha||bereferred to OC-ALCmLDT,Tlnker AFB, OK 73145'3042. WAFNING - This document conteins technicEl dala whose export ls restrlcled by the Arrfls or Export Administration Acl ffinrrot Acr (Tirle 22, U.S.C.,Sec. 2751 ctjeq) the ot'f SZS,as amended (Title 50, U.S.C.,App. 240-i-i-qg). Violation ol these export laws are subjectlo severecrimlnal penaltles. - HANDLINGAND DESTHUCTIONNOTICE Handlein compliancewith the distribulion stalemenl cntdisc|osureo|thecontenl5olrecon5ttuctionofthe document, PUBLISHEDUNDER AUTHOBITY OF THE SECBETAHY OF THE AIH FOHCE 15JUNE 1987 AIR FORCEI9 HOV93.T615 23. I5 SEPTEMBERI993 AA.2. I CHANGE T.O. I B-52G-l-l I speedduring the c:rcii;:; FINA-L.APPROACH ?0 knols abovebest flare maneuveruntil beginning rollout to align r*irh the time, reduce to best flare glide slopeindicator reaches center' ad- landing runway. At that \ltren the -to until the landingflare point is I maintain bestflare plus 10knots LA'S' speedflus 10 knots 'fE**fitsioiipo*e. angle shouldbe lirnited to 30 d;gree: the bank steeringbar-centered will auto- riached.Bank t the maneuver. ;;;i;;lTy ;orrect for r*'ind, and-keepingthe pitch throughout riu*ti"C U"r centeredwill establishthe pilcl 1!ti' glide Mirsed Approoch toa" nJ.*tsary to correct to or mailtain the until.visual refer- ;fo*. C""linire the approach accomplishedusing th-e to-land or to publishedmini' Missed approaches are ;;;; are sufficient proieiures as given f-orlTR go'1t:uncis' Ad- whicheveris higher'At this point,commit to same *"*=, vance as required, retract alrbralies' es- ;; ioilo* the missEdapproach procedures' throttles i;;e tablish a positive climb (approximately I00O feet per minutc is appropriale fo5 most-missed ap- WAEHIIIG troaches),trim as required,and checkfor a positive inrre"t. in airspeed.Aircraft accelerationupon ex- approachprocedure is such that Durine an ILS final approach using the ecutinsthe misied Svstemfl.LS modese' at ligh-t weights under instnrment conditions flap HEhibittctor I'Fl quickly exceeded' iu.f"al th* lot., or reductionin str-ength,of pi".""ta ,p**-d. may be rathei the glide slope signal will normally cause if," Efia. slope wa-rning flag to -appear' Si' WARHIHG mulGneously with the warning flag appear- pitch .".., ttt" slope indicator. and ilide Care should be exercisedin applying po*er steering bar may remain at or slowty move at light grossweightsdue to pitrhup desel- io"'"ta-. centerld position' Failure to im- opin-g during acceleration' See GO- mediately observe the (red) warning flag ARO[n+p, Section VI, for a detailed discus- under-rilttting conditions requiring high instrument the sion of this characteristic. Gal inteniities,-coupled with i"fi ""i gtid-eslope" inditation,.could result gearas soonas it is certainthat the aircraf" in misintlrpreta[ion by tfre pilot'-During Retract the ground and retract flaps using ILS final approach phase, a frequent **'ill notiooch the procedures-if the published slouid be made for the flide normal -missed -ap' crost-.ft".t piocedute is to be followed or if proceeding ;i;; ;";ing flag and/or undulv stabilized oio".tt airaort' During the flap retraction glide slope indicator/pitch steertng.bar com- L "n "it.tnate that the pilot monitor the air- A continuous cross-checkof alti' cycle,it is required Eination. indications as closely as possible, t"i- rate of descentshould be made as ciaft' attitude the aircraft trimmed to a zero stick force, well as"na monitoring marker beacon-s,aural keening during the l4st 20Vcof flap retraction' signals, and radar altimeters, whenever especia-lly possible. NOTE Circling Apprcoch If a visual approachpattern is to be made, the pilot may, at his discretion,leave [he Generalizedprocedures for circling-approachesare and flaps down and maintain air- contained in current instrument flight directives' eeai proce- Ipeeds as specifiedfor a normal radar ap- foffo* enroute descent or jet penetration plus proach a"tli; ho*e*ret, reduce airspeed to.best flare Pattern. t0-k;;i- piiot'to the final approach fix- Maintain AA-2.2 ?'132 ChonEel9 I rB-52G-l-lI AirborneRodor Approoches (Cont) ct'tinle-to-goindicaror. rhe.sanre approach ma-r-be nracie utiiizing I:r tire er-enr,ii'l:1,;:'; ri ii',eFLI per the 'aiar navigarorrvill direct t5e aircraft. The 600 feet .anse nrark;. L-r:der.:j-.ese.-r:-..,:,,iois The standardGCA glidepathclose.ll'approsinretes 1.10feet minute descenrrrilj i..l:r'i*o l: 'i:riles i-.t;-''t'iltL'keC bl checking ranges against the alrimeter' ,.er miie anci rhis -,;., pilot simulated raciardirected emergencl'approaches, the To prer.ent conllict rri..nc,.her tr.ai'i'ic ciuring and rvill lleep them infornred on aircraft rvill ,n .o"ro.i ,-,lnh conirol or rhe tor,;er renrarn """rouclr locarion. point go:aroundis initiated The approachu'ill be considered Tire pilot $.ill elaluare tl:e approachat the troJtd be accon'rplishedirom that point' i{e rvill further successfut if. in his ;;i;;;: u toi* tanarni indicaior reacs zero to evaluate the glidepath' note the position t-L'r*" irt* time-to-go "ritn"'"it.*li WARHIHG altitudes' are ab-'olute All altitudes t'*let't'eCtc above,eNcept penetration altituciesabove terrhll- responseof the aircraft becomesmore APPROACHPROCEDURE (VISUAL PATTERN) Pitch sensitivewith aft center of gravity conditions particularly in the landing gross weight Referring to figure FO'42, ths flswnrvind leg is In lighnveight afi cg landings,there ;;i;..J;t the aliitude specifiedin applicableregula- irng*. a tendencyto fiare high and hold.the iion=. fft* TR-{FFIC P.{TTERN checklist u'ill be ,,laf be off the runway in a higher than .omptetedat this point and the airspeedreduced to aircraft noseup attitude due to lower stick 30 knots above computedbest flare speed'The turn norrnal and reduced require' from the dou'nrvindleg rvill be a descending90" turn force characteristics stabilizer trim during landing to the base leg rvith a reductionin airspeedand ments for altitude. Roll out to a rvings'levtlattitude rvhile flare. descendingon the baseleg for sufficientduration trffit alert for the conditionof rappro*i*-utely10 seconds)to allou'for r-isuelclear- The pilot should be ereep from IDLE position anceof other iircraft in all directionsllaintain 20 forward throttle approach and Janding to pre- knotsabove computed best flare speed until starting throughout po\r'erresulting from ad- turn to final appioach.A 90"descendins'!urn to final clude unscheduled settings' approachrvill'fhen be initiatedand' at the conrple- vancedthrottle ti,onof rollout on final approach'the airspeedu'ill leg i5 flervn, the aircraft be l0 knots abovecomputed best llare speed'mini- If a crossrvind "r'ili to a r+'ings-levelattitude on the mum altitude as specifiedin applicabledirectives' A be rolled out for sufficient duration to per- gO;i"nt u'ill be the maximum allos'ablein the crossrvindleg of other aircraft in all traffic pattern. The 10 knots abovebest flare speed mit visualclearance rvill be^maintainedunrii the flare point is reached' directions. As the flare point is reached and tlre aircraft is copilot's sliding u-indou' rotated for landing, the throttls5 r"'ill be reurded so The pilot's and/or at normal traffic pattern asto crossthe end of the landing run\\'al at bestflare may be opened providedall hatches speed After touchdown.the airbral':esshould b9 speldt and maneuvers hasbeen released, the fulll' extendeCand the dragchute dtplo-red' are in place.Ifa hatch opening of a sliding u'indow should be cause NOTE avoidedss ipu'ardacting airloads ma)' the u'indou'to blorvinto the cabin area. r Durirrg the approach itnd lrrittiirrs'tire coptlot should -onitor the altitucit and ait'speetl' \Varn the pilot rT:henabove rrt' ltt'lou' saft= altitude or airspeed' or rthettevt'l tl''e irllgle of bank e.xceedsreconrmetrded vilut's 2-136 Chonge4 AA-2.3 T.O.r B-52G-l-tI t Emergency Minimum Ejection Altitudes - Level I and Diving (Wings Level) Flight t NOTE il ievelf:rci': cr' li Cli ': rc:'':r: I These are efiergenc/ rninimur'lisabcve iie ierrain.Ejeci;cn shculd be slaneoai or alove 2lcc I if Posstble - mallunciicl. o These daia are baseo on fullautomaric operairon of seatand parachute no saletyfactor tor equipmenl iasec cn laroe altitucepenaltles, t,n,''"tro,.,.', seat firing,other time delays,i.e., arming lever rotation, are not included.These can add additional I especiallyin high sPeeddives- (0.75 sec celay) I AssumesO.g sec. delay to integraredharness release. BA-?7A automalic parachute with FXC 11,000tifier ar':d improved C-9 canoPY r cleirance requirementslrom this chart and banked flight chan are additive I For diving lurns, |lI IJJ l! I o lU IE o Bl EC ol! 600 { TE { EI 400 o z 2Q0 { CE CE 0 uJ 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 INDICATEDAIRSPEED AT EJECTION- KIAS 1600 UJ UJ TL 1400 I I o lrJ TE 1200 l o TU 1000 EE TU (') 800 z I CE 600 { IIJ () 400 z { 200 CE EE ul F 0 50 100 1s0 200 2s0 300 3s0 400 4s0 INDICATEDAIRSPEED AT EJECTION. KIAS Figure3-5A AA-2.4 Chonge 23 3-66A 7.J .J.J f ,J,J.J.f ,J.J J,- .J ^J ^J J,JF .J f 'J ,J,J ^J.J,J J '-J^J^J.J,J ^J 'J 1F'J 'J 'J.J T.O.tB-52G-t-tl - Emergency Minimum Ejection AJtitudes Banked (Constant Altitude) Flight NOTE-iiese startedat or above2c00 ft, if possible' o ere emergencyminimurns above the tenain..Ejection should be * no lactor lor equipment malfunciloi I data Bre Dasedon lull automatlcoperatron of ieat and paracfrute salety These parachutewith FXc 11,000timer (0.75 sec' delay) r Assumes0.3 sec. o*r"iiir integr"reohamess release.Type BA-27Aautomatic improved C-9 canopy and ete additive I For diving turns, oeai'iride requiremens-lromthis chan anCdiving flight.chart impactingthe ground (see scale on bonom right sice ol r Bankingthe aircraft ;i-.ttii;;b.iow E3 leet may resuh in rhe wlng ip piots to-r.$peofic altitudeset variousaircralt roll angles)' EI UJ TL I 2s0 o EI TE g 200 llJtr EI 150 zC) { tr { tlJ 100 o = { 50 CE EE llJ F 0 150 200 250 INDICATHDAIRSPEED AT EJECTION- KIAS IU UJ tl. I o UJ tr o:f UJ TE IU (J z tr TU o 1 { cc TE I tU INDICATEDAIBSPEED AT EJECTION- KIAS Figure3-58 3-668 Chonge 23 AA-2.5 r r r r r r *r r rr^Jr Jt t r^J r r. T.O.rB-52G-r-r I THREEoR FoURENGTNE FAILURE oN ONEslDE wlTH Obsen'ethe LANDING WITH THREE OR FOLR I FrAps up EI.{'cI}fE FAILURE ON ONE SIDE WITH FLAPS I UP, proceduresand checklist' AIso. seeLANDI.r*G 7 this Flight rests have demonstratedthat. rvith rhree or WITH \VING FLAPS II{OPER.{TIVE. =qc..igl I fou*r engines inoperative on one side. a flaps-up The higher spegds,larger turning r_adiu-s.and ci;.ifi' t] landing*providesmore positivecontrol of the aircraft culty in establishingspeeds in an unfamiliar configu- ,, during-ih" as r+ell as a lower altitude ration require additional maneuvering space- and I go-arJund caillUitit;-"ppto"ch than a flaps-downlanding. make a long extended final approach-desirable.A 7 iirbrake posiiion 2'will be used on final approach long straight-in pattern or an extended rectangular ,/ pattern should be flown at least 2000 feet above forallgrossv-eights.Therollresponseofthealrcraft t? is signlficantly-increasedwith airbrake position 2 grognd level, in the clean configuration' and_air- t over- airbrake position zero or J. For airbrake brakes zero. Approach speed plus 30 knots IAS up a position eero,a half-wheel deflectionrepresents 507o to 30' of bank in either direction may be used u-ith 7 iateral control authority; the same lateral control no adverse effectson handling qualities or perform- I it is recommendedthat bank angle authority for airbrake position 2 is obtained at ance. However, '7 approximately one-third wheel deflection.This char- be limited, normally to 20".The speedschedule- in the _/ acieristic allows the pilot to obtain a large portion pattern will depend on the availability of hydraulic a wheel thus pressure to the landing ge,ar.If hydraulie pressure 7 i"au"i'ieof the spoilerp'ot authority errort with small inputs, , ii'f,1fit'"TJi;fJrt'ffil"-'?,"'i-"r,ff-:'"xt:ii ?i1"rt"""t I There are several factors that should be considered ing gear, place airbrakes to position 2, and reduce ,/ just because of possible system failures and multiple to final approach speed before glide slope ] pump pressure t emergencies associatedr+'ith engile failures. Two interception. If only- standby is , gear, geneiators and three enginedriven hydraulic pumps available for the landing -maintain SPProach a Eould be rendered inoperative on one side. Standby speed plus 30 knots IAS (either straight in or 7 pumps may or may not be available. These condi- rectangular) until 2-milutes from glide slope inter- I will affect the brakes,steering, crosswindcrab ception. Extend the landing gear and allow airspeed iions t.l] setting, stabilizer trim operation, pou'ered rud- to decrease so as to intercept the glide slope at der/el]evator,and landing gearextension and retrac- approach speedwith airbrake position ?. S)'stems J tion time as well as having a possibleeffect on the failure may require the use of someemergenc)' gear 7 . pilots' ability to control the eircraft due to reduced extension switches. The -final approach should b_e I or lack of spoiler flown with landinE gear down, airbrakes position 2, pit"tt tti* and roll rates available '7 iperation. An emergency r+'ith four engines shut and at approachspeedusing a precision ilstr_um-enl ./ d-ownon one side ma,r'precludefuel transfer from TPARILS)glideslopewithatransitiontoVASI*'hen , 7 the engine-out side;thus, oncebod-v fuel is consumed, appropriate. If facilities or equipment are inopera- , a lateral fuel unbalance could not be prevented. In tive, the VASI approach lights may be used, or if I this case, the pilot should either land immediately necessary, a visual final approach may be flou'n 7 or be aware of lateral control problemsif a go-around while attempting to maintain a ?.5'glide slope angle. / is attempted. Approximately 20,000-poundfuel un- Intercept the glide slope at 2000 feet or more above ] t balance between the total of No. 1 and No. 2 main the runr*'ay elevation. Maintain the flaps-up ap , tanks and the total of No. 3 and No. 4 main tanks proach speedon the glide slopeby using all operating .a will cause a rolling moment which will require an engine throttles together in a staggeredsetting r*'ith 7 additional one-quarter of the lateral control author- the inboard throttles further forward. Rudder trim ,t ity. If the inopeiative enginesare on the heary r*'ing, should be used as necessarythroughout the pattern '? leave only one-fourth lateral control author- and approach. With full rudder trim and some thisitvror willmaneu'erins' etc' ./ H*d"Lll-T:lJ,#i#Tl,ffTl:lHl.ti:.i1lrl: ? ffiapproachpatterniareillustratedinfigure3-13.lWARNIHG - Loss of engines r*ill require close attention to fuel panel settings to control lateral Full rurrrrerrudder ,'rr,,,trim :;:t;dshould be used on the I balanceand J"=i.able*cglocations. Required approach and should be zeroed u'hen the I deviations from the aircraft conliguration decision to land is made. Caution will be 7'_l luel sequencewlll be planned to malntaln exercisedrruL l,o zero the rudder trirn toa the propu. differential/balance between quickly and to carefully compensate u'ith paired mainlauxiliar:* tanks ',r'henever rudder pedalforce while doingso. 7 Possible. 7 7 M-2. 6 7r r r r r r r r r r r r rr r r r r I',.l T.O.lB-52G'l'l I he is required to do someth-ingw-hich will di- r flight when Route of his attnntion from flyrng, such as checking ory- . include low altitude) ve* iLris"tion ito httti"g radios, changing fuel corrtrol setting' r r-efuelinginformation ;;;; Air etc. r Bombing pilot intends to perform aly critical ma- r i6.'ftr* EW activities ft *tti.h time all crewmemberswill be se' . arrd emergencycommunications proce' il;;;; llitt-"f in their respective po-sitions' ***d-Cfisilt (notifv dures iL ai" iuttet knob positions copi' "l"itt special instructions or procedurespertain- mission. lot). ing to the i}-.'ffr" inflisht safety pins are instslled or the NOTE d;;;;te eiEctiontrigsir.ring is stowed' Condr- tiont pin instellation or trigger ring stow- pilot, copilo! radar-navigator'and navi- "*q"i"ii,g fire the aEe- are: iit l'*it # it iroughlvr'*'\.t-lth a- All ground oPerations' ienetration,approaihf r-nissed approach' U. ffifi,.""r thl rewmember leaveshis seatin ildil ;;tt"ti,i, altitudes' a-ndobstruc' fliehL ;;;;;T 6oth destiinetionand alternatcair' c. When the Parachuteis not worn' fr;ie;. ;;;ilauie aids suchas cur-entFLIP a. Wn"n the iafety belt and shoulderstraps are be stu- ;;i;; *ttd charts will not fastened. "PPtoach curtent pPProach fr;il"A d;leii set of will acknowle-dge.that for inflight use of All applicablecrewmembers iU-"i*- *iff bt availsble is r:nderstoodprior to the radar navigator' H; fift;e-d courseof action U"tft of the pilots and and will conductthemselves nivigatoa as well tlte pilot not ffi;i;;**plishment fitu't"a"t"li*ttv 1J crew positions, when practical' nyrng ihe ajrctaft',will closelymon- ;;-J;;ly.--Ati - nio-nitt commttnicationsoutside t'he aircraft it"t-afi pinelrations and approaches'T'he tttoUa tihe controls will be no-ti!"-dimmedi' at ell times. oil"t proce- ffil;;i;y"i deviation from published dures. WARHIIIG positivemeaqrrres be ta'kento It is imperative that r Whenevera changeof crew position is nec' of personneland aircraft are not ;;il;iil[iafetv be ;;;il; .ii*b to a-safealtitude and area be' aitit'd" of the aircraftwill made' The pilots.rvill not iTli?a'?-al.Titsht pilot copilot-atall i"t* tli";tange is trt?ntffv monitoredby either or w'hen only two pilots are of any of the follow- eiehattge seals ti**r. frior to aboard the aircrsft' i;;. ;*;b;i coordination"..omflishment between applicable crew' required when: mEmbers'rl-C*i"of will be r Any time during critical phase-sof. flight aircrlft, is transferredbetween pilot of and especiallyd-uring night a1{/or instru- and copilot. the pilot not flying the air- of either the pilot or copilotis *.nf z'-C;;t*t column craft,will "inaitiohs, closely monitor his flight instnr- disconnectedor reengaged' *"ntt and crosi-checkthem against the in- 3. Changingfuel control settings'. pilot' If an apparent comesback etrrrmentsof the other ;: A;;;;*t""mber returns to po-sition, is detected,the pi' his inflight safetypins i" aircraft, attitude t;;il"ph;nt, and removes "r"oi aircrafbwill be advisedimme' ejection control trigge-r,ring' tot nvlne the oi-i.;;t*tt"*ber .*i-t"tnt downward ihe pilot not flying the aircraft' will leavis positionor goesoffintcr- ai"dtv. alsomonitor the engine instnrments' '6lephone. goesofforygen- and when he re- r carewill be exercisedby the pilots, "t"*emberuse during flight when orygen ls re- Extreme suroesorygen whenleavirrg seats, to avoidinadverbent of quired.-Z -a"t"pifot of sftkhes or controlson the aisle coirtrol of aircraft is transferred be- "r"iiottstand or overheadParrel' #;;ih;-ii. t;dar navigator/navigatorand pilot' Ant *l"cmcat po*er sourceis changed'- 9. It is necessary'forthe pilot-flying the aircraft pilot t" it-;tft;;;;tti of the aiicraft to the other AA-2.64 *2 Chongr 19 T.O. lB-52G-l-l I 4.continue,F-d.:.i""TI"Fryffitlr"il?5eoii5 DecaY of Lateral Control wn lffi Best Dresisureon the Effeitiveness from ilr,il,;;1"::3ll*ilmt'I"'*i-?:i:ltJit SPeed va:Tylth c,e Flare controrry:'j:lt;i;rtITi" a Fairly with latcral be.nlce^s-sarY'"ppio".r,"a. Caution ilTrg"i"i"i"r n-ra.v "otr*ttiotti lateral control capability should be used o"ou*" as the itauing speed is aapro-ached, decreasesrapidly ofthe lateral Et"'-fftilit;;'e-z Iti-rt*J*Gr-ioiation = j:"1"t}'i1[-,}#U i;",,e';f:i@T:fusPeed' Jtu best flare flJf":,li-j a delav 4 di'itg' low speedflight' IJ ffihffi-h;*"*'"', up to 3 a- ,*=po"'"lfL? contr'ol inpui of zo in aircraft develops' I may ex-rsE*foit-t roll.correition seconds *UfU! knot stall 5. With flaps oownlit*" "-5-1,10 tr which.incrqqlgsas speedis reduced' * #";il;';;]i;t =40 there will be fairly hearY.buffeting' q alTft" Et"U bv sufficient r ? fi;-stail shoulJ be hrminated. { *oto"*ent to lower the nose r""rrolri the gJ "oiiiorhorizon "oru*t advancing belowthe ""Jiimultane-ouslyand airspeedis E60 ffiililto unr u"tiiiafe Pr-ope-r 4 tti* tt'"-"ircraftas required' liiJrili*ilili in the flaps-up pt""tice stalls are performed o same as flaps 4 , p'ot*d'""t tt" the configuratiot stall rryarning There *rrt o" u fO fu 15 knot o down. tt'"t* it a reducedtendencv for a ffi{';.'dli"ratty, a-scom- ffi;;i'"p i" it'e flaps-uplnrrq111lion o u"p'to-*lt c'onfigurltion' The stall L pared to the hearry 100 20 30 ;'" ;;;i;;LJir a *ing diopsor before 0 lo iffiid KNOTSBELOW BESTFTARESPEED buffet is reached' r FLAF$DOWN I ATRBBAI(ES4 GAUTIOH an-attempt Under no circumstancesshould completion by be made to carry a stall to Ju*" backuntil thenose falls ilhii"sil'; will ;iffi;i;it; horizon'Anv suchattempt buffeting result in severe buffeting' Severe 6-2 struc' Figure it* tlt"tt"d in damage to secondary lure and aircraft equiPment' is available a for 1 g flight, sufficient elevator cont-rol stalls can occur at any speed--as stall at L Accelerated pulluPs' to produce an accelerated of pulling excestine g's in "lrtiJrt.rlitudes elevatorswill be result !:15.-ot stalls the they are similar-to u-naccelerated """'3"1.a.'Atl;; "ltit"d"s,and, in $omecases' the Generally 't'anse.soccur much il'd;;ft uy *t"uiti""r trim ;.H;riilG;J *;-atiitua" iii"'=ir""r"tJ ti*it* are exceededto obtain an tttlt will occui if the aircraft stalls faster. An accelera*a pullup #;i-;;il, t-ttu'-epptoaches to qccelerated t-tarli"ettgte of attackdurine a regioncan be il-nf;#'tt* g stallingspeed' ;;;i;i;H flieht in itre strongbuffet or turn at any EPeeott-ilT"t than 1 ana may be necessaryin escape airclaft is trimmed gi"ry-"iu"u-ted As a rule at normat if the "g"tl AA-2.68 ;.o. lB-52G-l-l I l, \\ hiie rollin; therlrclilt' :le spolle:i be appiieciei rapidl) as posslbiq ccnsidereg: manual 11i5 rr'ill mistrim' and lr the time tahenes[a:'- ancithe control-coiumnfull aggravatethe ,*'tif* ttoiaingrvings Ievli would be better spent trimmirg possiblebut rviii be slower' Iis[ing a turn forrrard. Rec*overy:is still a steep turn maneul'€r t'l al.armingl-v-lou'.but lateral manuill-t. Therefore' ih";tilil fatt an excessof noseup trirn is nct "ilt noseof the aircraft drops .o*Ja"tt* for .""1t"f *ifr be good,As the at high altitude e$cept in the can be made as the r*.o'**u"aed even iiioush the h6rizon, recover)' manual trim are inoper- and thrust as -W'tt""both electric and ;;;;; is begun by' use of trim "'fr"" turn under these on the "*"il;. starting a steep.- required. Do not ,"i*^t* forrrard Pressure "prepareto abandon Iir."*tr""ces, alert.tte crer*'to the desired attitude is estab- is encoun- ;;;;;;i;"1";n-until itte aiictaft." If unschedulednoseup trim iirl"Jt"J tirspeed increasesto a safevalue' Because be to from ier"a '"nif* in a turn, the best a*cligl.nill ofthe tendencyto overtrim during the recovery OR .""tinu" the turn and use the RUI\{-AWAY ;il;;;;-htgh prompt oppositetrim action "ottaitiott, a nose- ittHEg:EDiir,nnsTABILIZER rRIM chechlist' will be required after the aircraft assurnes trim is encou-nteredin a vgill be exercisedto avoid an i""ti* III. If nosedown a"*" Caution r*'ingslevel while using-the "tlititde.stall' trii,-t"fi -RUIfAWAY accelerated on-iirvsctlnfl ulpn STABILIZERTRIM checklist, the SectionIII. Even though a reduction of thrust will-decrease in the noseupdirection' there are ;;;a"i;istrim Dive RecoverY Ju?*it" advantages to be gain.edty-maintaining the minimum ;fi;l. When thiust is maintained, in th-enosedou'n be hieher' Divescan result from stabilizer trim io*ui-L"."tntered in the recovery-\r'ill loss possibilitv ait""ti"", autopilot malfunction, unscheduled of altlirral'i"ined *r'ill be greater' and.-the or mal' u'ill be decreased' airbrakes, or instrument misinterpretation iurt in the recoverv drag- with reco iunction. Because of its extremely low "f;;;;ild"ivDo not use a turn euver for rrill i;;JiG gear attd flaps retracted, th.is aircraft m nose- one reason i".t"""""-i" speedvery rapidly any time the nose is The'refore, during dive recovery, the appli- ure. li"pp-a. ilfi;"f a positive ioad faitor ftack stick) should be i***diately up to the structural limit of 2'0 i;k;"ii ihtttit, and full forward control column' l-"a" continuous *t oito ift* point of buffeting, rvhicheveroccurs l'irst' iGit".t airbraies if extendedand apply is found to is made'-the useof a i" whlre elevator authority alone ;;;;J;;'; trim until recoverv when nosedorrn aircraft canbe fatal if at be insufficient""t"= to control the dive or it**p U""f to control the extension should be closeto the ground,and should *ittti* is suspected,airbrake ;i# to the elevator for pitch authoritr*' not be"i"ip."a attemPted. ""d ;;A;;btckup The application of load factor should have prece- J""..-J""t thrust reduction. See figure G17 for WARHIHG altitude loss during a dive lgsev€r]' SpirolDiver Do not attempt to take off unless trim has b"an ptop.rly set for takeoff and airbrakes If an aircraft reachestoo large a bank angle.or ftlls are dou'n. off on one wing, a spiral dive can -result' This is easily entired when visual orientation last resort maneuver r+'ill compen' *"n"uu*. A steep turn as a if instrument orientationis momen- amount of noseup mistrim; is not possibleor ="t" f.i. a considerable because of distraction or venigo' To mistrim condition is undetecteduntil iarilv'lost lo***t, if the a spiral dive, roll out of the bank and and a low airspeedis reached' ,*.or*t from t ftiett attitude while holding a constant heading' ";t-uP when entering a turn, of causing f,ola *ttrg* level it*i? i. danger, time, the recommendedprocedures for " maneuver which may result in At the salme dive recovery should be initiated' Jructu.at"" "".o"ttolllule failure. Two other factors should be 6-35 AA-2.7 I T.O. lB-52G-l-l I GO-AROUNDCHECKLIST (Cont) 2. Airbrakes - OFF (P) positiveincrease of airspeed' pilot retracts airbrakes,levels off, and chechsfor a (P le. Landing Gear - UP , (asrequired) CP) gearwhen it ii establishedthat aircraft u'ill not contactthe on pilot,scommand, copilot retracts rhe runway. l+. Thrust - Reduced(P) IAs or r80 knotsIAs) andadjusts thrust pilot accereratesro desiredIAs Gestflare speedp]gs_80 hnots lo-establisha rate of climb of approximately1000 fpm' NOTE if the pilots' If the flaps are raised to accomplishflaps-up-training, or control intentions are to t.*u-in in the aircrafi traffic area/terminal area, accelerateto approach speedplus 30 knots IAS' - PAT- Accomplish AFTER TAKEOFF CLIMB checklist or TRAFFIC TERN checklist, as aPPlicable. AA-2.8 2-t48 Chonge 4 T.O.rB-52G-r-r r Airfoil Section STALtS of the aircraft rrtll vary u'irh The thickrress ratio of a uing has arr important The stall characteristics r+'ing extension. The following stall characteris- bearing on its critical Mach number. When the flap exPected: thicknlss ratio of e-nairfoil section is decreased,the tics can be flaps extended, a fair amount of *.tall critical Mach number increa-'essince the air flou'ing 1. With '*'arning *r'ill exist. The stall is preceded by a mild over the top of the rring travels relatively slower, 5 to l0 knots sbove the stall, ttt"i"Uv permitting higher aircraft speedsbefore the buffet approximately - to buffeting at the stall. *i"u J'riliot speed ii reached. Wind tunnel tests increasing strong flaps retracted, the initial buffet occurs at coniucted on models showedthat the airfoil section 2. Wirh l0 to 15 hnots above the stall. ** root of the wing could be quite thick without approximately 3. There is approximately a 20 to 35 hnot difference - rea".ing"i the critical lt{ach number' The aircraft has stalling airspeed depending upon u-hether the ra"iii"ty thick airfoil sectionnear the root of the in the or retracted. The use ofairbrakes wing" arrd i"p"tt dourr to a very thin section at the flaps are extended effect on the stalling speed but full iio=ft," ou*tanding disadvantagesof a thin airfoil has a negligible r+'ill cause the initial buffet to occur at an sJction as comParedto one with more thickness,are airbrakes approximately 2 to 4 knots higher than if ti"t ift*t" is leis spacein the wing to house fuel and airspeed airbrakes are used' *ottip*"nt, a heavier structure is required because no a".iebsed beam depth of the spars, and the STAItS martimum"iif," lift is lou'er' PR.ACTICE stalls may be executed r+'ithout difficulty Wing looding Practice provided the follo,*'ing procedures are obsen'ed: u'eight does not exceed 300,000 pounds' The designwing loading (u'eightper squarefoot of l. Gross altitude of 20,000 feet above the ;;g ;;tis an-importan t param eter.i n the aerody' 2. A minimum rt"*-i" ani performance characteristics of the air- tcrrain. flaps and'adjust thrust to allow the craft. The critical lr{ach number of the u'ing, is 3. Extend decelerate while holding a constant iirongly dependent on the magnitude of the wing aircraft to thrust has a negligible effect on the i""alig. A decrease in the r*-ing loading of th.e altitude- Engine (increase in the aircraft's u'inB area) will stall characteristics or stall speed; hou'ever, high thrust settings in the stall approach result eenerallv"it"r*it increasethe critical l\{ach number' This "t'ill a fairly large rate of climb' Effect *"n be explained from the fact that for,a given initially in s*ed. altitude, and weight, the wing angle of attack HOTE ii proportionally reduced rvith a decrease in u'ing lo"dir; Since the velocity of the airfl-o'*' oter the aircraft is decelerated in the stall *ns ii proportionally less at.lorv angJesof attack As the it is essentialthat it not be trimmed th-ai at'high angles of attack, the aircraft speed approach, best flare speed (approach correspondi-ngto u'here the airflow reaehes a sonic to speedsbelow The stall recovery should be velocity is increased' This increasein aircraft spe-ed speedflaps up). using forurard eleuator control only.If i" ttt" ihtt g* in the critical \{ach number of the made been trimmed below the best Gng- The increassfl rting area associatcd rtith a the aircraft has trim setting, stabilizer trim may redriction in r*.ing loading rvill improve the taheoff flare speed performaace but may reducethe range performance be usedto augment the elevator as required. trim in a normal if tn" aircraft due to the additional frictional drag The use of stabilizer may result in over- ^t d tt t heavier structural weight required' A com- practice stall recovery promised wing loading u-as necessa-ryin order to controlling the aircraft' u'ith a resultant nosedo*'nattitude de- i"fti*n* opli*u* configuration from all design potentially dangerous ' considerations."n veloping. AA*2.9 T.Q.t B.52G.l.l I rvhile or controllabilitycheck cf the aircraft prior to lani- maneutersat high altitudes'Complete stalls '- pulling g's are n-ottecom*ended for the following ing. A checkof the stallingspeed should be madeif reasonsl the accuracyof the pitot-staticsystem is seriousll' a. The drag associatedrrith acceleratedstalls rvill in doubt or if the fuel quantity indicating s1'stem result in rapid speedand altitudechanges' becomesinoperative resulting in an unknort:r lanC- b. Loss of iccur-ateorientation due to the extreme ing grossu'eight. If the aircraft sustains damageor rthich attitudeswhich can occurduring and follouing-an hal I control system malfunction makes its acceteiatedstall may delayrecotery or jeopardize controllability doubtful.,its control characteristics control of the aircralt -'othat con-'iderabJeeJtitude shouldbe determinedat a safealtitude prior to de- will be lost in the maneuter' scent for landing. It is recommendedthat a rnini- q'ill c. The strong buffeting encountered have mum altitude of 10,000feet above the terrain or effectson the aircraft structure and cloudcover be used for thesechecks. At thesealti- equipment."dt*r=" tudes, the initial buffet speedn'ill be increased, a*.f'ftfr" acceleratedstall occursat l\fach numbers compared*'ith tho-.eshor*'n in figure 2-14, by a fac- well above the lorv speedstall, the aircrafi can tor of I7o per 5000 feet for altitudesabote 10,000 acceleratebeyond the flight placardsduring feet pressurealtitu de. recovery.Close monitoring of aircr.aftattitudes in turns ibould be observedto avoid pitchup into WARHTHG inadvertentaccelerated stalls. r checkis made due RECOVERYFROM INADVERTENT sTALLs Whenany controllability to doubtfulcontrol characteristics ofthe air- shouldnot be reduced Recoveryprocedures from any stalledconditjon ere craft, the airspeed foru'ard,add thrust, maintainhead' below the e*qtimatednrinimum touchdorun stendari:itick rthich rdth rudder,letel wings,recover to l-er-elflight speedfor the aircraft configurationin ing the*'econditions, wiih adequateairspeed. Irlost common of the inad- the checkis made.Under immedi- vertent sialled conditionsis maneuveringstall or the checkshould be discontinued or prob)ernis en- stall during a turn. T\rrning flight increasesstall ately if. any buffet control speedsimilar to the effectof increa-'edu'eight. Both countered. riquire increasedUft for level {iight- Ar:y steady- r Ievel turn requires that the tertical componentof Wtrenthe flaps are in a full do*-n or inter- lift be equalt-o the weight,and the horizontalcom- mediateposition and flap damage exists, ponent te equal to the centrifugal force. Stall such as a missing segment,the best flare ipeedsincreaie uith bank anglesand this increase speedand minimum touchdorvnspeed Fvqn bicomes significantlymore rapid at bank angles in the Appendix may no longer apply. In slou'lyuntil the esti' over 30o.See IIAN'EWER LIIIITS charts,Section this case,reduce speed speed is V. This fact emphasizesthe need to avoid steep mated minimum touchdou'n lat' banlt at lbw airspe,eds'Approach and entry reachedor until approximatelyone-half angles to a stllt is accompaniedby mild, moderate,then eral control authority is required main' into controllability severe buffeting. Stabilizer trim can be an tain the *'ings level. For the for imporlent factoi both in stall entry and stall check,minimum touchdorvnspeed inter' reiovery. An aircraft trimmed into a stall can be mediateflap settingscan be estimatedby difficuli or sometimesimpossibJe to recoverunless subtractingI knots from the best flare the mistrimmed condition is corrected- The speedat the appropriateflap setting-Ifone' autopilot can cause a mistrimmed condition if a half latcral control authority is encountered turn-is establishedon autopilotand thrust js not before minimum touchdown sPeed is increased to maintain airspeed. An aircraft reached,add I hnots to tbe minimurn speed speed. trimrrredto the best flare speedtrim setting can be reachedto determinethe best flare recoveredu'ith elevatoronly and doesnot require stabilizer trim until the stall recorery has been Determinotionof StollingSpeed completed.An airuaft that has beentrimmed into - gtving the stall will require proper stabilizer trim If the 6i1*tpeedindicators ere suspectedof geges applicationto recoverfrom the stall- inaccuratereadings or if the fuel quantity are inoperative.a check of the initial buffet speed STALLOR, CONTROLI.ABIUTY CHECKS shouldbe made at an altitudeof 10,000feet above the terrain or cloud coverand the resulting speed Under someunusual aircraft confiElrations 0r con' ditions,it may be desirableto conducta stall check AA-2. IO Chongc15 6-s l T.O. lB-52G-l-l r AIR,CRAFTRESPOHSE TO FTIGHTCOHTROL5 Load Factors Durirrg Low Pullrrps The most significant problemrpith which the pilo-t Altitude *"=f l"*ttti"-ti"" himsllf at high speedis the aircraft co"itot characteristics while encountering severe iurbulence at low altitudes' Aircraft resPonsetn use ;i it't elevatorsonly is sluggish,wt-rile resPonse to in stabiUzei trin is rapid- and positive' "it"tte"However, any cnange in pitch should be made by using stabilizertrim i""ai"g .ilth ihe elevatorsand CONIINUOUSTR,IAA ioEiiEu" the physical-ttten effort required bv the pilot' i'1""-*""ttot it maintained by use of the ;[;;d;.-*Uit""tially Use of the low level modeof the autopilot :" *ifi reduce stick forces required-and o i"Gt"f lot."i wili Elsobe lisht€r than manual'With ,3 if,* i"* SASengaged, letcraldirectional oscillations 4 sensedand increasedpositive o ;i-th" aircraft-aie u aa*pi"g i= providedfor easierrudder control'The { ;;t";ii"i wiil also provide automatic stabilizertrim *z t" .o-*p""tate for any pitch or thrust changes'-See o aUiOFUnT, SectionI. Figure S18 comparesload o iactors developedduring low altitude 3-u-l!'-u-n-s-9-t itieh tna low airspeeds'Sle ACCELERATIONLII{I- I fIilOltS, SectionV, for inflight limit loadfactors' Wh"n using the low level modeof the autopilot,a u li*it"r will eutomaticallydisengage the autopilot the pilot inadvertently exceedsthe normal t"ioi" 34567 acceleratiori0oad) limits- For additional informa- [ion, r*" G LIMITEB underAUTOPILOT, Section I' TIME - SECONDS ttr"'ttt* of airbrakes is not advisableexcept in maintaining the necessaryEPR fqr anti'icing, o; otheicontrolledconditions, The upwardpitch sEALEVEL CG= 259il'tAC ""a"t associatedwith the use of airbrahes (or STAHDARDDAY GW= 250,000LB "haog"io*"lu"rd when retracted) can have undesirable effectsat extremelylow altitudes' The roll-yaw resPonseof a B-52 resulting from a tlryical ailmmetiical thrust condition is shor*'nin tiirr" 6-19.For a particular case'*'here corrective Figure6-18 rJtiort is applied4 iecondsafter thrust loss,the roll rate doesnot reduceto zero until an additional3 secondshave elapsed. During this period,the aircraft continuesto bankeven though full correctivecontrol has beenapPlied' A sensationthat the controlsare not effectivl will be felt since the bank angle continuesto increasefor severalseconds when full controls are applied-a to opPosethe roll. The aircraft is, ho.,r'ever,in processof respondi"gFv reducing theroll rate.C;ontiol inpuG must be held in to speed the recovery. AA-2. l l T.O. I B-52G-l-l 1 capability the flapsdorvn STASILIZER TRIM FAILURE The mzutimumroll rate of confizuration is slightly higher than that for the the FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM EMERGENCY flapslup configuration for same airspeed and See landing made OPEAATION, SectionIII, for detailed instructions altitude. However, when a must be pertaining to stabilizer trim failure' flaps up, the roll rate capability during the approach u'ill be essentially the same as for a normal flaps- NOTE down approach due to the effect of the higher flaps-up airsPeed. A temporary failure may be experiencedin the stirbilircr trim system under certain LATERAL UNB.AI,Ah'CE of temperature and humidity if conditions roll control can be the trim followupscrew heater elements are During the landing operation, This condition rn'ould result marginal in at least one direction u'hen large inoperative. unbalance exist. There is a irom frost or ice buildup on the followup amounh of lateral which couldjam the followup screw minimum speed at r+'hich roll control can be main' screws the point '*'here rna the stabilizer trim system to be tained. As ipeed decreasesbelow ""us" both electricallyand manually more than 507o lateral control is required, the inoperative Lateral control can untll the frost or ice had melted' lateral control is used up rapidly' be augmentedduring such conditions through use of which u'ill provide a sizeablerolling moment Lslersl Confrol ruddel from the sideslipinduced- It is not desirable,during to deliberately enter regions Lateral control is providedby sevenspoiler segments normal operations, trim is providedby electrically where moie than 507oof lateral control is required o" eacttwing. Lateral of the entire lateral control system-toa for lateral balance' Part I EE[[I, Part I ff;f[ll repositioning landing weight for neutrafpoint of the systemcentering springs' the Appendix shows minimum ne'tr unbalance. This data is basedon At no.*al opirating speedsand altitudes,roll rates variouJamounts of quite fri6h (frnrie 6'6).Care shouldbe exercised the use of not more than 5O4o laLeral control and are of higher touchdo*'n that-roll coirectibnsduring instrument flying are illustrates the advantage landings' Additional e*ce$sivelyapplied nor in the wrong direction' speeds obtained by flaps'up not gained through the use of air- The highestrott iites at any altitude will occurat advantage can be 250 knots IA-S. Beyond this spee.d brakes will allow simultaneous contact of the approxlmately "'ttictt than normal touchdown hy'draulic prlssure is insufficient to obtain full landing gear at higher deflection bf tne spoilers so that roll rates will speeds.(See figure 6'l'0.) decrease.However, becauseof the location of the spoilers,roll rateswill not decreaseto zero.(Reversal SPOILER SYSTEIU will not occurat any speed-)Use of rudder in the roll during initiation of the roll at Seven spoilers are provided on each uing, el9h directionof the The speedstends to improve the roll response ha"ing iis own hydraulically operated actuator' Iow interconnected and oper- characteristics. threelnboard spoilers are ate as one unit and the four outboard spoilers are unit' Wheel travel A loss of lateral control authority r+'ill occur in the interconnectedand operate as one the spoilers' low Epeedflight regimeas the aircraft approaches of 60'u'ill give full extension of The decayof lateral control, for the flaps' I statj. DEVICE down configuratibn as the speedis reduced below SPOILER"SAS A LATERAL CONTROL best flare speed,is shor*'nin figure 6'2' This lossin resultsfrom airflow separationon the The extension of spoilers on one wing decreasesthe lateral control the wine ahead of the spoilers at the high angles of lift produced by that wing and also -increases associatedwith r+'ingstall. In the low speed drag. the loss of lift on the wing with the spoilers attaik thereby flight regime where lateral control authority is ex*]nded causes it to rotate downward, ieduced,control inputs in n',orrectingb3-nk producing a rolling moment in that direction' The seierely yawing the angle ihould be made primarily w'ith.the rudder raaition ff drag causesa slight motion in assJshdby whatever lateral control is available' direction toward the wing r+'iththe spoilers extended which assists the pilot in bringing the *-ing down or 6-l 3 AA_2.I2 T.O.lE-52G-t-l I TOADS control column to FTIGHTWITH ASYMMETR,ICAL the B-52 pilot must pusfr o1-the As the B-52 wing passesforward il*itrr"trearance' SEEFUEL MANAGEMENT FOB LATERAL TRI]\{' l?-iii" xo135 wing,it passesfo* ,* Iesr-ol9f toPart s Effil,P"Tt I a reeion of upwash and-the lift is ililt;T @ io*"*t ft to ;il;;-tpt-ndix"nJitr"' for informationregardins flisht increased;therefoie' the B'52 pilot will at this time to with asymmetrical loads' "-Jail"iv;"t;E# increase the push force pit"ttittg up into the tanker' If the B-52were il;;";; their win gs LOWATTITUDE FTIGHT CHARACTERISTICS ;; ;;;ffi; itreLnter to oneside so that the pitching tendency on one side only, NOTE int-"fa"iot"i'"ii"pp-a be quite as sttons but the aerod-ynamic tirt is generatedon the i;;;;Ji; is such that less wing span of the-B-52' wi-ng is generatedon- the bottom Due to the wide i." *i"E and more lift clearancE al extremelv low alti- the two aircraft to-bank in the ti;;;t;it #riti.'iitr.-ta"ies to collide iu?"t become critical as the bankangl-e i"*"* ait*.tion with the two wingstending "ttt will goesup' inc-reasesduring turns, €'E', f, 20'bank *io* o"u goesdown and the other 25 feet ;iace ihe *ing tip approximatelv llor", to the telrain thin the bottom of the LIMITATIONS il;;l;g; and a 4o' bank aPProximatelY55 table' operations or feet cl-oser.$ee following Prior to participating in air r.efueling properlv br.i-gfgd i";;;;i";highi, all-crews will be will be APPROXIMATE ittfot*"ti6n tactics and proceduresthat - o-i the other BANK ANGLE - DISTANCE ."a to (1) never fly over-or under in all DEGREES FEET """ari."ttfl, and t2) maintain safe sep-aration the applicable air refueling ;il;;;i;t-;;;i*.in"a in L2 11 the major air command formation iil;;;"""ii or 15 16 n*'lttE directives.In the event an emergencyrequrres 25 reference or a visual 20 ;';A;;;;"rt iot 30 40 itte pitot "i.tpeedof ihe chase aircraft will be i";;;;"t" prior 40 ao briefed on command chase aircraft procedures to engaging chase oPerations' from the Considerable motion in the lateral plane DIVING Jirlilr li ttrbulence and strong or qustv gqlfa-ce altitude' increasein speed ,*ina, is apparent while flylng At cruising altitude, a considerable is-above"lJoY325 knots IAS' ge s-peedmay be-made .r"""i.if" ii'ttre airspeed ;;";fih" ;t aximu m ran cruise due to horizontal Fusts boundarv'Therefore' a Mili* il the lateral-plane ili;;;thing the bufTet seiies B-52's;howgv-qr' due to a made without entering the ir ri*if"i to earlier dive riay be constructionand fuel distribution' "frtiio* becauseof the*extremelylow aiff*i"n". in wing ["ii*i t*eion' Hoiever, ru"Itt differentlv to vertical guststhan the sear and flaps retracted' irtJ ffitC/H ilal;i;f;;;irctatto'ittr *ta.ti. wtren a verticll gustis encountered' increasesvery rapidly time the nose iiiri-i it e?p""a 91a.ny ift--i"ltitt gust input causesthe aircraft to bounce i. itlpp"a or a dive is started' If the buffet regrgn by birt the vertical motion dampsout rapidlv ; ;;t.;"d while in a dive,recovery- may be made give relatively to IDLE and ""rti*iiy* tii"Jtitt dissipates.The effectis to i***ai"Lfy retarding tire throttl-gs flight is quite smooth' i ng off too rapidlv. wil I fo* o""tioasof time when the i;ffid;ilu"iyito*t-v' Level shows verv little up and to a valueconsider- tib;"*il;li; or ttt* wing ti" loadfictor t6 inctease moveonlv occasionally' wi-ththe result,that buffetins il;; *olio" and nacelles "tu* gt;;;i tnan I e limitetions containedin Sec- "blt where a rapid deEcentis to be iir*-""i*"t operating *iii ii.t"""e. In case-s io to* iltitude qryLatjqnfor further tite ta"ains gearand,airbrakes should ti"" V"pptv rJi'"itpirttfi, i"fo.*"ti6", seeL,oW ALTITUDE TACTIC' Sqclio-n ["-"it_irJ"a and the pro."*d'u."rfollou'ed as outlined ANDTHUNDERSToRMS' DESCENT,Section II' ii;;;-indnulBr'tcn under SectionVII' AA-2.13 TRAINING BI52 PROGRAM "TimeforAction" PITOT AGAIN t BPAOIII T3tr BOfrIBARDIIEIITWING CASTIEAIB, (A t =F= P fie# ; ';E3cI; u r Et; g HH; g8 r-tDhrE5E =-ar g=Itd }'TarOE Etrji q) *rnFe*: F r! fi .= e 3E e i'; -o > rs ,-e'EaE {. - Q,r'.i o v' Pts'E5 H - IE'- :t I FE: H -E'= g -= Fd-P4_tsrhr Ff;E8E ijE== -o J bfige sE E E E.E gr^ =-Hg=n E; ,PTOCJ*YE .ortrH.=F (o A+.r+flL (o E*.EEE3 ; E-;TEA E.f b g b E TePlq .rB Eg gs 5's Eb 3t Fo- Eg'e.= 'aEE'; eEef; B-I'e= -;EEE -ciEr;E-HE oiE I-e; s E-E file g 'EE 'ErE B= .s= E 8l F L E _ OE E G c gi .9 eo , U.g E'e =.S EEE: f;E E; -sB E h f[;+pr$tE rEEn - I3 - 8# ft *-.9 {E AA-2.I3B T.O. lB-s2c'l-ll landing This could result in the aircraft condition' point' Wind Sheor ;ilshort of the intended touchdown that can shear is a complex phenomena Wind flieht' ^ff.ct the aiii'taft in all phases of WARHIHG ia""*"iy landine il;;;;iltiii."t a"t*g theapproach. and can Exist as a-rapid change in o3 frnal phase. Wind shear verticalair If the aircraft becomes unstable' #ffi;;i";i;v-t"a ait"*tion as well as sheer and the aP- factors.whichinfluence ;;;;""h due.to-wind movement. There *"ny p.tflr-lecannot be-promptly reestab- ""1 eondition'As a general il6*"ft or contribute to a *iJ*["it t g*"ro,r"J shouli be immediately oi'r"ina ,n"ar is greater ahead of lished, rule, the amount accomPlished. although the mostcommon occurence$ ;;#l;;;G, periods of follow the passageoi cold fronts during *iia". wtten a temperaturechanse of TANDING ;'#*;;d" or if the 10'F or more is t"pL*J acrossfhe front' conditions are GUSTYWIHD COHDITIONS i*"t'"-iirl"i G moving at 30 knots or more' IANDINGWITH ril;i"d.h-;;' In addition' when thunder- increase approach are present''i" tfte of intended landing It is not necessaryto -the.fr1.at storms "r"a ground' to and including 15 knots' a strong-p"-"riuiliti temperaturein""tsion is near the ;ild i;; st ;t u"to"iti"" or shear is "F"fiil "';i;;iililLilu""p of 15knots' the final ii" wind "i;.*ntering *nouii be increasedtwethirds of the increased.'il'wi"J *ppt"o.tit tp"ea with the thrust required' sustvelocity it f'"oF'For,exaurplq' Shear Effects' "tTJ- "*""rt*o]-ltr witlr qusts to 50 knots' and pitch attitude on flrnal approacn' i;;';;l&ttv; zo t ttot* on the wouldU* the finil-approach spee4 "ui;;;iil;;itio""tii"-*ith "ufo*itY, ttt* *ittd reported 10knots : 15 of potentiat wina "iaJi"s0 rtttots;'go - 15 15 knots; il;"J, pti"ia" *" i"ai*tion i;;I s"J;;i"-tiry Be alert for: x 213: 10 knots). *T.shear. of U;*""1 changes in airepeed and rate in glide- a*rclrrt roi-to**a uilo?*spondini changes TOUCHOOWTI slopeand Pitch attitude' the rear gear or low power setting Ttre recommendedtouchdown i* b. An orro.r't"fty high "ttl Refer to Part I to maintain airspeed'. furst at minimum to""ftaow" tpry+' required - . . of a enryldixEEEE' Caution will be .;;;"i"*t in ini-!i4 reductions ;ffi ;ffi;;;d;ffi;iJ -or intercept a[owsfor-arr adequate flare ;h*il *td pit*rt to avoid a steep-glideslope f;;ffi;ffi;p--d"TG is too con{ition'. no'"*"*r' if the forwardsesr i"'z.**i"a-stt"ai u iout po:wer, high sink ;id;;ilril"* landing may The following arg twq iiigitlrt"" the rear e;ar touches'a h-ard Pfruttomena' immedialgly phenomenathat are commonly found result. FulI airbrakEJli""fa U* applied wind shear tf'tt" G no bounce' With final aPProach: after touchao*t p"t:t'ia-*a during the the wheel brakes may Decreasi"e'F;;a*"ind' ITitiaI reaction of ttt* *iitf.ia systein operative, a. ;ppri="ai*ilJLt*tv aI- aircraftwhen*''"o-""t*"i"gadecreasinghead.rvind ;G-b. "f.t"l. lorr"hdownnrnwsy it a drop. in indicated -"tltd*i"""*" brake servicglife' The 6i-"" i""i"""i"e*tai-I*inai il-."eht[i" brakes in pitchresultins + l lq5 ;;;tffb ilete-rurine *t'"q -the wheel ;il;;J;a;J"*t"*" altitude' Ltt"Ulishing a sta'ble gsound rlJtit"a*. If the *i"J th"ti occurs at low ;fitld ;; apPlied.ef;-t to resain b- the"tt"a for proger lPeration il;;i'fi-*tiluaa.p;6; po**"-In and increase gitch ;;li, ;t"#;till as sev.ereconditions' hisher l;iiil;dfi i"t"t-ilt*"t apnlicltionqf the brakes ;il; iuaoiJp"' pitch chsrtf. q P"tt I of the ;i;;ti;;'"*"1 trtt*f t"a higher than.normal required. ftte show be requiredio maintain the proper ffifi;i; iffi "orr""t-t-attaiirg: PJB ;i ;'pPenq* E!@*' Iii:ii"J*"-*"v distsntLs qrith wheel brakes descent Profile. the landing etoooJ*lt RUN Headwind' Ttre aircraft r:i"pir-al; Bii r.;"iJ-n9' se" r\'lINrMuM b. Increasing -initisl(decreasing ror more details on rrseof reaction to an increasing headryild LANDING, this sJiiofl is an incilase in i]ndicatedaircpeed and an brakes and drag chute' tailwind) The increasein pitch t"tiriitts ilg *"t" in ititude' power to resain-the NOTE ;iil -ilii pit"li and. ""a** wilt b-eexercised in initial ;ffi#;1iJ;p^"th b;;tion thrust and pitch to avoid a steep The front gear-touchis well forwa$-oltfrg gg 11q iJictiEns of smr down trrst' I bounce tE ;ift inteiiept in a^low power' nrgn ir iiti*il"to ;itd*- almostcertain to occur' Ttris usually is the resultof too much sPeed' AA-2. 14 2-t39 T.O.tB-52G-l-l I rate combinedwith the PROHIBITEDMANEUVERS l0 degreeper secondroll ira g"p"iiiive ioad factor resulting for a 55 degree bank angle, Acrobatics of any kind are strictly prohibited' This spins,vertical stalls,and steep in"f"a*t intentional U'iAITLOAD FACTOR COMBINED MANEUVER.5 diu**. ** well as any maneuverresulting in abrupt Normal stalls, accidentalspins, and accelerations. The aircraft maneuver limit load factor (figure 5-11) divesare discussedin SectionVI' shallow G based on aircraft maneuvers sueh as a wings ievet pull-up or a steady turn with.aero roll rate' A ACCETERATIONTIIVTITATIONS combined maneuuer involves rotations about two oes as a rolling pull'up' Th,emaneuver limit UMIT LOAD FACTOR load.factor""ctt decreases;ith increasingroll rai'e when p**ot*ing Figure 5-1lA de- limits on ma- combined 4laneuvers' Figure 5-1I illustrates the stnrctural iil haps up combinedmaneuver limit load the limit gust loqd ;i.tr load factor. It also shows i^.to" t fun"iion of roll rate' The maximum ""it""t gross weight range' The a" i*"toti throughout the roll rates for different altitudes are also and sequencingas achievable chart is for normal fuel loading ;; trt" .t ttt. For example,.operationof the aircraft positivemaneu- ;ilt"d defined by SectionI' The aircraft at the maximum achievableroll rate of 31 at all grossweights qF to ver- ing limit is 2.0 ds d"E;;; p"t i*.ona at 40,000feet pressurealtitude 450,000pounds, the limit +iO,oOdpounds. Aboie in a maneuver limit load factor of 1'33 gis linearly to 1'8 gfsat reJults *#"ou"i load factor decreases while a achievableroll rate of 16 degrees weight' At normal maximum +be,ooo poundsmaximum flight t** level results in a maneuverlimit provrdedfor gu-sten- ;;;;;";t*t load,ing,strength has been ioua fu*tot of 1,82 gls. Since accurateroll rate infor- (turbulence) which result in load factors counte-rs ;;ti;;it dispiayedto th-epilot,.combined ma- those above 2.0 gis and up to togn:tlglt:-5--11' should""t be with deliberate cau- fiTUNDERSTORMS' n",r,."", ferformed S*U TUNEULEruCN AI'{D tion, S-"ti"" VtI, for selectionof best speedand altitude in turbulence. MANEUVERUMIT5 - F|.AP5DOWN NOTE Finrre 5-12 providescurves which may be used to d;H;i"tthtalowable flaps down maneuver lim- Limit gross weight to 390,000 pounds for italls, or exceeding-the ma- itr ti-irria *t"ti u"rr*ting, tactical maneuvir training' Exceeding placard limitsl This chart is useful in is lihely at gross ;;;;"-;J neuver load factor limits planning the approach. weights above890,000 Pounds' MANEUYERUMITS - FT.APsUP ASYIIiMETR,ICACCEI.f RATION UMITATION5 the {1aps'up-maneuveringlimits aircraft has Figure 5-13depicts Asymmetric g Forcesoccur anytimq t\e Three reference cunres are coordinated above 10,000 feet' a i'oll rate. Jn steady state banked to computeminimum recom- sJrmmetrical' plotted on the chart nic}ri, (roll rate = o), g forces -are ittititl buffet spLeed,and strong buf- +1.33 aud occurs any- il;ili;p""d, Asymmetrical g limitation is Strong buffet and maximum recom- and a roll-rate exists' fet speed. time the spoileis are deflected rnenala buffret are synonymous.The chart may be g is constant for all confrgu- fit- ;ytt *etrical limit used to compute high speedinitial buffet at a given gross rations and weights. fik ;td".by usiig tire top Pl{tio1 cf the buffet oi ttte low Jpeed initial buffet at a given UMITS R.OIJ.MAHEUVER, ""**,U*t L"el" by using'the lower poryig1of -t!reluffet figure 5-13') Maximum con- .o*u. (Eee Lxamp-le on Rapid roll rates such as those induced by full may be compgtedby,"t- not be Utnt anet* for initial buffet lroi *tre"t deflectionin 1.5 secondsshould point of convergenceof the high feet when the tablishin"gthe initi"t"a at altitudes above30,000 lo* sieed buffet cunres(note asterisk on 1.33 g'-s'Since 4l de- speed f, ;;;tt# load factor exceeds "t5-13) andfollowing verticallyto the intersec- in a 1'ts3g load, a slow ftgu"t -curve il;;; ulnrt angle results of the bank angle develofed from the in porfnrrr'ring lovcl . eoordinated ti"on i-r"=,. orrd oxii and alf,lfude sorrdiLivuo''l.la'c oatrac Pro planned when bank angles exceed gfOSE Wgfght il;; be I"s" *ooid be used for computing strong buffet- "noota limit loads can be reached ;t;"g"-*". Struttural manimum ,*"o***rrJed' Accelerationgis pay also gO per secondroll rate combinedwith *itfr u degree L'" **p"ted for any selected.condition from the ; i:it g p;iti"" ioad factor or with a zero roll rate bank angle chart' "Z.b alti- *""f" o" t.tteleft side of ttre e positivelimit load factnr' At low t"a"-."t-ttt* ttnt.ltitat limit loadscan be reachedwith a AA-2.15 Chonge 23 5'23 of'll FEDERALAVIATION REGULATIONS DEPARTMENTOF TRANSPORTATION 'ffi FEDERALAVIATION ADMINISTRANO$-WASHINGTON' DC CHenos6 ErrgCrrVC: DECEMBER19,1993 MeY T2,1994 Part 9l-General Operating and Flight Rules This changeincorPorates: Anrendment9l-240, TemporaryRestriction of InstrumentApproaches and Certain Visual adds Flight Rules Opcrationsin Higtr Baromeric WeatherConditions, issued April 6, 1994,which $ 91.92to SubpanA; aod SpecialFcderal Aviation RegulationAmendrnent 62-1, Alrcradonof the DenverClass B Air- spaceArea, issuedSeptembcr 14, 1993'which revisesSFAR 62' The publication of SFAR 64 contained errors in paragraphnumbering. Pagcs S45 aud S- 66 show tie conected$FAR 64 as publishcdin 58 FR 62035'November 24,1993. Bold bracketsindicate rhe most recentlychanged or addedmaterial. I tbrough VII Ch.2 ll I rhroughVII SubpartA - ll subpanA S-39 t[roug! S43 ch.2 & 3 ll s-39rhrough S-73 Sugg;st frling this rursmitral et the beginning of thc FAR. It will provide a method for dcrcrmining that rll change$havc been rcccived es listcd in rhc curent edidon of AC O0-4f, Starusof FcdcratAviation Reguladons.and a check for deurmining if rhe FAR containsOrc proper pagcs' AA-3. l P.,{-RT9l GEI\{TRALOPERATING A\'D FLICFfT RLTI.ES Sub.B-3 s91.111 Operatingnear oth6r aircraft. purposeof landing,the aircraft at thc lower aldrude the (a) No person may operate an aircraft so close has right-of-way,but it shall not take advannge to another aircraft as to create a collision hazard. of this rule ro cur in front of anotherwhich is on to (b) No person may operate an aircraft in forma- final approach land or to overtakethat air- tion fligbt except by anangement with the pilot craft. in command of each aircraft in the formation. (c) No per$on may operate an aircraft, carrying $91.115 Right.of.wayrules: Wateroperatlons. pa-ssengersfor hire, in formation flight. (r) General. Each person operating an aircraft on the water shall, insofaras possible,keep clear $91.113 Right-of-wayrules: Exceptwater oper- of all vcsselsand avoid impeding rheir navigarion, ations, and shall give way to any vesselor other aircraft (a) Inapplicabiliry. This section does not apply that is given rhe righr-of-way by any rule of this to the operationof an aircraft on water. section- fu) GeneraL When weather condidons permit, (b) Cras.rrng.When aircraft, or an aircraft and regardlessof whether an operationis conducted a vessel,are on crossingcourses, the aircraft or underinstnrment flight rules or visual flight rules, vesselto the other'sright hasrhe righrof-way. vigilanceshall be maintainedby eachperson operar- (c) Approaching head-on. When aircrafr, or an ing an aircraft so as to see and avoid other aircrafr. aircraft and a vesscl, are approachinghead-on, or When a rule of this secrion gives another aircraft nearly so, each shall ahcr its course to the right the ri*eht-of-way,the pilot shall give way to that to kecp well clear. aircraft and may not pass over, under, or ahead (d) Overtaking. Each aircrafr or vessel of it unlesswell clear. that is being overtakenhas the right-of-way, and the one (c) In disrress.An aircraft in distress has the overtaking $hall alrer cour$c to kecp wcll clear. righr-of-wayover all other air traffic. (c) Specrat circumstances.When aircraft,'or an (d) Convergrng.When aircraft of the sarnecat- aircraft and a vessel,approach so as to involve egory are conver*eingat approximatelythe same risk of collision,each aircraft or vessel pro- altitude(except head-on, or nearlyso), rhe aircraft shalt ceed with careful regard to existing to the other's right has rhe right-of-way.If the circum$tanccs, aircraftare of differentcategories- includingthe limitationsof thc respectivecraft. (l) A balloonhas the right-of-wayover any othercategory of aircraft; $91.117 Aircraftspeed. (2) A glider has the right-of-wayover an air- [(a) Unlessorherwise aurhorized by rheAdminis- ship, airplane,or rotorcraft;and trator, no person may operate an aircraft below (3) An airship has the righr-of-wayover an 10,000feet MSL at an indicated airspeedof more airplaneor rotorcraft. than250 knots (288 m.p.h.).J However,an aircrafttowing or refuelingother [(b) Unless otherwiseaurhorized or required by aircraft has the right'of-way over all other ATC, no personmay engine-drivenaircraft. operatcan aircraft at or below 2i500 feet abovethe surfacewithin 4 nauticalmiles (e) Approaching head-on. When aircrafr are of the primary aiqpon of a Class C or Class approachingeach other head-on,or nearly so, cach D airspacearea ar an indicated airspced pilot of each aircraft shall alter courseto the right. of more than 200 knots (230 mph.). This paragraph(b) docs (f) Overtaking.Each aircrafr that is being over- not apply to any operationswithin a Class taken has the right-of-way and each pilot of an B airspace area. Such opcrations ovenaking aircraft shall course shall comply with paragraph alter to the right (a) to passwell clear. of this scction.J (c) No person (il l-andinS. Aircraft, while on final approach may opcrare an aircraft in the to landor whilelanding, have the right-of-wayover airspaceunderlying a Class B airspacearea des- other aircraftin flight or operatingon the surface, ignated for an airpon or in a VFR conidor des- exceprthar rhey shall not nke advannge of rhis ignated through such a Class B airspacearea, ar rule to force an aircraft off rhe runway surface an indicatedairspeed of more rhan ?00 knos (230 r"hich hac alrcodl' lendod snd ic attcrn;rting to rle.lru mFh) way for an aircraft on final approach.When rwo (d) If the minimum safe airspeedfor any particu- or more aircraft are approachingan airport for the lar operation is greater than the maximum speed ch.5 AA-3.2 Sub. BJ CENER-{I OPERATS{GA"\D FLIGHT RI'LES PART 9I prescribedin this section,the aircraft may bc opcr- (b) The lowest usable flight level is determined atedat thatminimum sPeed. by the aunospheric pressure in the area of operation as shown in the following table: (Amdt. 9l-219, Eff. 8/24190):(Amdt. 9t-227, Eff. 9/16D3): (Amdt. 9l-227, Corrected,Eff. 9/16/93); [iAndt. 9 I-233, Elf. 9116193 )l S91.119 Mlnimumsafe altitudes: General. 180 185 Except when necessaryfor takeoff or landing' r90 no personmay operatean aircraftbelow the follow- 195 ing altirudes: 200 (a) Anywhere.An altitudeallowing, if a power 205 210 unit fails, hn cmergencylanding without undue haz- ard to personsor propeny on the surface. (c) To convertminimum altirude prescribcd under (b) Over congestedareas. Over any congested $gl.t19 and$91.177 to the minimumflight level, area of a city, town, or senlcment,or over any the pilot shall take the flight level equivalentof open air assemblyof persons,an altitudeof l'000 rhe minimum altitudein feet and add the appro- feet above the highest obstaclewithin a horizontal priate number of feet specified below, according radiusof 2.000fect of the aircraft. to thc curent reponedaltimeter sening: (c) Over other thon congestedareas. An altitude of 500 feet above the surfacc, excePtovcr open water or sparselypopulated areas. In those cases, Currcnt aJtimeter scrting Adiusuncmfacror the aircraft may not be operatedcloser than 500 feet to any pcrsont vcssel, vehicle, or sEructure. Nonc (dl Helicopters. Hclicoptersmay be operatedat 500 less than the minimums prescribedin paragraph 1,000 (b) or (c) of this sectionif the operationis con- I,500 without hazard to personsor property on 2,000 ducted 2,500 the surface. In addition, each person operatinga 3.000 helicoptershall comply with any routesor aldmdes specifically prescribed for helicopters by the Adminisuator. $91.123 Compliancewith ATC clearancesand instructions. E91.121 Altlmetersettings. [(a) When an ATC clearancehas beenobtained, a pilot in commandmay not deviate from that (a) personoperating an aircraftshall main- Each clearance,except in an emergency,unless that pilot altitude level of that air- tain the cruising or flight obtainsan amendedclearalrce. However, except in by referenceto an altim- craft, as the casemay be, ClassA airspace,this paragraphdoes not prohibit eter that is set, when operating- that pilot from cancelingan IFR flight plan if the (l) Below 18,000feet MSL, to- operationis being conductedin VFR weathercondi- (i) The current reportedaltimeter sening of tions. When a pilot is uncertainof an ATC clear- a stationalong the route and within 100 nau- encc,that pilot must immediatelyrequest clarifica- tical milesof the aircraft; tion from ATC. J (ii) If thcre is no station within the area (b) Exceptin an emergencyrno personmay oper- prescribcdin paragraph(aXlXi) of this $ection, ate an aircraft conFary to an ATC insruction in the current reported altimeter sening of an an area in which air traffic control is exercised. appropriateavailable station; or (c) Each pilot in commandwho, in EInemer- (iii) In the caseof an aircraftnot equipped gency, deviatesfrom an ATC clearanceor instruc- with a radio, the elevationof the depanure tion shall notify ATC of that deviation as soon airpon or an appropriatealtimeter serting avail- as possible. ablc befo.c dopuure; or (rI) Eaulr pilvr irr LUtruuanrd wllu (thuugll lrul (2) At or above 18,000feet MSL, to 29.92" deviatingfrom a rule of this subpan)is givenprior- Hg. ity by ATC in an cmergency,shall submit a ch- 5 AA-3.3 .FLE-- '-Ot SubpartD-Special Flight Operations (l) If a chair type (canop; in back), it hes S91.301[Reserved] been packed by a ceniflrcated and appropriately ratcd parachute rigger within the preceding 120 S91.303Aerobetlc fllght. days; or No person may operatean aircraft in aerobatic (2) If any other type, it has been packed b;" flight- a certificated and appropriatelv-rated parachute (a) Over any congestedarea of a ciry, town' rigger- or settlement: (i) Within the precedine Il0 days, if its (b) Overan openair assemblyof persons; canopy, shrouds, and hamess are composed rayon' or other similar (c) Within a controlzone or Federalairway: exclusively of nylon, or materials that are substan- (c) the bteral boundariesof the surface synthetic fiber IHithin tially resistant to damase from mold, milder"' ariis of ClassB, Class C, Class-D,or ClassE other fun*ei and other roning agents propa- airspaci designaed an airport;J or for gated in a moist environment: or (d) Below an altirudeof l'500 feet above the (ii) Within the preceding 60 days' if any surface;or pan of the parachute is composed of silk' (d) 4 nautical miles of the ccnter line fWffitn pong.., or'other natural fiber' or materials not airt'aY;l of any Fcderal ipecified in paragraph(aX2Xi) of this section' (e) When fli-ehtvisibility is lessthan 3 statute (b) Exceptin an emergency'no pilot in command miles. may allow, and no may make, a parachute oI 1,500 above the Person (e) fBelow an altitude feet jump from an aircraft within the United States surface; orl Lxcept in accordancewith Pan 105. is less than 3 statute f(f1 Vlthen tlight visibility (c) Unless each occupant of the aircraft i5 wear- af this section,aerobatic milel. For the purposes ing an approvedparachute, no pilot of a civil air- maneuver involving - -aiflight means an intentional craft carrying any (other than a cre\\ attilude, an Person abrupt change in an aircraft's may execute any intentional maneuver that acceleration,nol member) abnormal attitude,or abnormal exceeds* necessarTfor normal Jlight-l (l) A bank of 60 degreesrelrtive ro the hori- aerobaticflight For the purposesof this section, zon: or maneuverinvolving an abrupt meansan intentional (?) A nose-up or nose-dorvn attitude of 30 attitude,an abnormalatti- changein an aircraft's degreesrelative to the horizon. acceleration,not necessaryfor tude, or abnormal (d) (c) of this section does not apply flight. faragraph normal tr" radng: f(Amdt. 91-227,EIf. 9116/93)l (1) Flight tests for pilot cenification or or (2) Spins and other flight maneuvers required S91.305 Flighttest areas. by the regulations for any ccnificate or rating No pepsonmay flight test an aircraft exceptover when given bY- having open water, or sparselypopulated areas. (i) A cenificatedflight insmrctorl or light air traffiq. (ii) An airline transport piiot instructing itt accordancewith 61.169 of this chapter. S91.307Parachute$ and parachuting. (e) For the.purposesof this section' "approt'ed (a) No pilot of a civil aircrafimay allow a para- -uarachute" means- is availablefor emergencyuse to be (l) A parachute manuthctured under a type chuti that (C-li carried in that aircraft unlessit is an approved cenificate or a technical standard order type and* series):or SubD-l ch,1 AA-3.3A *;:'i,?! I ;;;, ;; ;;o"l;nspon r*r ralure ;',:il,"'*j:'"i'il'. Q;,f ;: !'.l,!::i"ff .rll ensure that procedures foi houts L.r in sor.- casesfor days,facility d. Facili,, ^nanagers bnly to provide timel,v notification tc perionnelmust be adequatelybriefed to copewith are established Seryice, by telephone, of deviations iuch situationson a sPontaneousbasis. U.S. Customs to the specified requirementsfor customs overfli*shl When the pilot cotrlmencesa flight line 3. exempt aircraft. Telephone notification to Customs photograirhicrun), everyJeasonable effort (the actual-made Scrvice should be made to one of the following be to permit the flight to continue ihould offices, both of which operate on a 24-hour basis: unintemrpted;i.0,, without changein courseor -Should (305) 536{5e1 altitude. it becomenecessary to breakthe MrAMI aircraft off the flight line, it should be vectored RTIIERSrDE(714) 351467 4 or clearedback into position for anotherrun as soonas possible. 6-78 AEROBATIC PRACTICE AREAS F76c3 Note.- Thc kgislativc Council for Fhotograrnmctry Air trafficmanagers may approverequests to conduct pC?) spcaks for thc photogrammetricflight industry' The aerobaticpractice activity within Class B, C, D, thc LCP: ac"oiv* bas cmphasiecdthc following pointsto or E airspacc,provided the following requirements thr pitoi is cxpcctEdto mskc every effort to contactthc . appropriati". nTC faeitity prior to the mission to explain flight havebeen satisfied: riquirimcots and to avoid "no noticc" air/ground tclcphonc a, The operationsare conductedin accordance requestswhenevcr Possiblc' with a l-etter of Agrecment (LOA) between the b. Tbat finr "hard and fast" approvalscannot bc guarantced air traffic facility and the aircraft operator, and due to thc rapid changeswhich can occur in the ATC oper- a waiver has been issuedby the appropriateFSDO reasonablccffort will be madc by ational sirustion, but cvcry to the aircraft operator for all applicable Code ATC to accommodatcpilot requests. of FederalRegulations (CFR). c. Thc pilot is cxpectcdto say "This is a photo suwcy mis' sion" wbCncoutacting thc ATC facility via rir/grouudcommu- b. The operationshall not adversely affect the uications rnd subsequentlyto inform the controllcr when thc safety of the air traffic operation or result in flight linc is commcnced a reductionof serviceto otherusers. r77 CUSTOMSOVERFLIGHT EXEMPTIONS c. The facility managershall evaluatethe impact workload and the scrvice a. UnitedStates regulations require that all private on air traffic controller aircraft cnteringthe U.S. from a point southof requirementsof the airspacewhere the operation wili beconducted before authorizing these operations. 30 degreesnorth latitude land for Customsprocessing at designatedairports unless an exemptionhas d. A facilitydirective shall be prepareddescribing The been approved.As a Part of their efforts to curtail the proceduresfor conductingthese operations' narcotiii smuggling,the U'S. CustomsService has directiveand the LOA shall contain,as a minimum, increasedthe requirementsthat must be met to the controllerand aircraftoperator responsibilities, Parail77 ffi3 72103KCHG r u6194 and a diagram that depicts the geographicalarea 6*7t Nott. 2 - Thc Class of airspaccthe opcratiou is con- in which the activity will tale place. ductcd itr dctcrminq what air traffic approval, if auy, is required. G'7t Ncte- I - Thc Air Traflic Masagcr'sapproval to couduct * thescoperatious h uot g waiver to CFR's. Thc issuarccof waiv- 6-78 Reference CFR Part 91, SubpanD, (91.303)Acrobatic flight. Grsto applicableCFR's is the responsibilityof thc FSDO. -ANU +z\O.3\Z , ;ocrurll cPerroTct*l Al-**i) ADwt-rs{Pdvf\oF-J AA-3.4 & FIlght Srandards Dlstrict Offlce*Oz U.S.DePcrrtment P. O, Box 1I649 af lrijlrrFro{ lolion Spokane, I.la 99211-f649 Federtrl Aviotion Admlni$trotion July 29, rssd Col l.llchael G. l'{cConne L l PresJ.dent, AFR llO-14 Board FaLrchi lcl AFE, T{A Dear Col McConnell: ThLs fetter ie to confirm that there wasl no walver in effect, erther orar or wrltten, durlng the bomber demonstratl0n/practrce on June rz, rgg4 or during the bomber,/tanker demonstration,/practrce on Jrrne 24, 1994. Mr. RonaLd Peterson, the elrf ield supervlsor at F.CAFB, had inqulred ln to the posslbllltles of acqulrl;g waived airspace on June Zf 1994 for a couple , of hours to accomnodate practlce and local area f anillarization perf f or ormers f rorn out of ine -frea. I had, advised l4r. peterson that we could grsrrt euch a regueEt orally once sctredule was the known and after affectlng the approprlate coordlnation wjth ATC. However, no euch wslver was granted. The only walve? granted to FCAFB was a wrl,tten waLver, dated June g, 199{. Thiat wslver was effectlve from O9OOon June 2t:',1994 untjl t?SO 26. 1994. on June Prease advlee me tf r cqn be of any further asgJstance Jn thle Irrattef , Sincerely: PrLnclpal Avlatlon Safety Inepeetor ( Operat I ons ) AA-3.5 a* THSPECTORS STATEMENT I{v purtirr. Name ie David T. r am employed by the Federar Aviatlon Admlnlstration as an Avlation safety rnFpector (operatlons). present Frt aeslgnment is wlth the seattle nirght staidards princlpa] Dletrlct office where r serve as a Aviatl'n safety rnrpector in the Frlght Standards {por) Frercr office at spokane wl. r have served Jn this posltlon elnce Oetober IF, lgB?. The purpose of this statelrtent ls to conf lr.m that I dicl net lssrre a waiver to person'el at Falrchrrd AFB on July rz,1991 for tffe purpoEe of a low-level fly-by at a changte of cdmmand t"oemo.y nor for any other Purpoee on that date. Furthermore, to the best 'oy knowledge, of tlrerre have been no walvers lseued to personnel Fairchrrd at AFB, other than for the annual ajrEhor+, aur-frig;;T;;r;; ln Spokane Prlncif-r:rL Aviatlon Safety fnepector ( Operations ) AA-3.6 ,,i ' 'u',i '.rl!.= :t:2": .!1:.t :i,..r! :. J, ., f:"-r: ,. .l iir: i!:, : l' AA-3.7 -+ - 6i I /93 f,100,1[ilfi3 CHAPTER49 ISSUEA, CERTIFICATEOF WAIVER OR AUTHORIZATIONFOR AN AVIATIONEVENT Section 1 Background 1. PTHS ACT|VITY CODE: t Z3O 3. OB-IECT|VE. The objective of thastask is gs determine wtrether to is$ue a CenrtiCate Ot Waiver or Aurhoriration, FAA FOrm 171t.l. to an applicant for sn aviation ev6nt. Completion of this task results in the iSsuance of a Certifi_ cate of V'/aiver Or Authorizgtion Or the disap. Drov8l of en applicarion for a Certificate of Waiver or Arrthorization. 5. GENEBAL. A. Definivods. Manv termg used in thrs Chap_ ter ilrc not used €lsewhere; therefore, their t3l An authorizatioll definitiong provided is an officiat document are below. issued by rhe FAA to attow activities authorieed by rhe FAR. . (41 Avretron events include airshow5, air race$. aerobatic contests, parechtrte rJemon_ strarionjumps, pracrrce 6t ireas designaterjfor profrciency aerobatic or training, and baltoon meets races. And Mosr events are hold at, or irnrnediately adjacent ro, en airpon. An increasing nurnber.however, are rrerdoflshore (within gliding distance of lsng;. in rhe vicinity Of e stare fairgrOund. Or at other off-airpOrt locations. Aerqbatic school activities, usg of aerobatic pfactice ('D) All srllndard areas, or aerobatic meers airshow aerobatic ,Dar,eu. fnay vcrs occur that are nOt airshows, Contesl$, such as slow rolls, snep rolts. loops, Or racBs;e waiver rnust $rill be ig5rJs6. Irrrmelmafls,cuban eights, spins, hamrnerlrearl At these s{ihoolactivitres or meets, which gclver* t(rrns, etc., are consideredaerobutic are nor fligfrt arrd tised as airshows, ,?'rdynot he perforrned it may not be necessary ro over congested areas or provide pubtic over spectat(]rs. airshow policinp and emergency facilities. Participants Et such events are nor required to hold B Statement of Aerobatic Compglsnsy. i.*l:lftLryiucalalrcrirt,;or;crttical,iS-infinda,].,I_s IHFI laif,craft cfosett :ro' a,specta iol:aibei, (dl Pcrsriir:rrrinUturrr$ for trigh perfOrmance (6) A crowd linert a physicat aircralt ct,.c'r;rrc Vcl. 2 49- 1 AA-3. 8 rirri#*Ll# 6/1t93 8700.1CHG I between th€ prirrlarYand secondarYspectetor areas. E. Carcgorv lil Sh.ow1ines.,The showline shall not be closer tnan 5OO feet to the prirnary or the secondaryspectator areas (Figure 49-1Ql. { I I The 50O foot showlins mev also be used for Category I or ll aircraft being flown non- aerobaticallyand parallelto the Frimary and/or secondaryspectator area. (2) A circular arc directed away from the crowd, a psss in review maneuver, may be flown providedthe aircraft remain at least 5OO leet from lhe primary and secondary spectetor areas. t3l lf thare is less rhan l,0OO feet between the primary and secondaryspectator 8r€as, the site cannot be considered f or en airshow waivgr. til The minimum S00'foot showline lor Category ltl aircralt shall not be waived. l4l lf there is less than 500 feer betweiln the slrowlineand the Spectators.the r'rIecannot be C. Category ! Sttowlinos.The optrmum $llow- consideredfor en airshow waiver. line distance from the specta(orareas lor Cate- eory I aircraft shalt be 1.5OO feet or greater (Frgure43.61. lf th€ only well-definedshowline is closer than 1.5O0 feet to a spectator area and it is not possible to move the spectator area, the showline maY be approveddown to e minirnum o{ 1,?0O feet. When there is a reduction in tlre distance from the showline to the prirnary spectator aree, a similar reduction shall not be permirted for the secondarY spec- lator er€a side of the showline (Figures49'7 ancJ49-B). In no case shall rhere be less than 2,7OQ feet between thg primary end the secon' darv spectatgr ateas. D- Category ll Showlinas. The optimum showline distance from spectator areas for Category ll aircraft is I,OOO feet or greater. ff the only well-defined showline is closer rhan I .OOOleet to a spectator srea, and it is not possihleto move the spectator area,the Show- line nray be approved down to an absolute minimum of 8OO fssl {Figure 4S-9). When there is s ysglrrsligrrin the distance from the otro.-lirrc te tt-rs 1rrirrrat y lFEtrLdtUl Area, a similar reduction shall not be permitted for the seconda/y $f)ectitor area side of th€ showline. ln no cerrrrshsll thc|.ebe loss than 1,800 feet Vol.2 49-23 AA-3.9 h ? t s70c,1ctls 3 0/l/3J ( I l The lpplicant must speci{y a dare before rnay change because of weather, mechanical rlte slrow whcn he or she will provrde I sche- problemsor otherfactors. cluls 6f avenrs, The schedule rnust idenrify the aircraf t End perf ormers in the sequence of (21 Any denronstrerionadded ro rhe schedute appeErEnce. This list becornes a parl of the requares FAA Approval. And Should be sub- TABLE I AIHCRAFT PREFERHEDSHOWLINE SHOIVLINE DISTANCEFROM THE CATEGORY SFECTATORAREA More than 245 knots (282 mpht l.5OO feer 'l.OO0 More than 156 knots but feer 245 knots or tess(181-282 mph) Aerobatic helicoprers 156 knotsor less{180 rnphl Aerobatic Bliders {sailplanes} 5OOfeer Non-aerobaticaircrafi 5OO fest {any flyby demonstrarionJ BD-SJ Microier 27. STANDAHD L|MITAT|ONS. Evaluarionof normal cruise speed. Showline categories, thrr proposed sire determines the actual speeds and distancgsare shou/n in Table 1 . separetion rgquirements. The foltowing nrinimurn distances g. and standard limirarions Establfohmentof Showlines- As described alrplv to aerobaticdemonstrations 4!l and must in Table 1. three different showlines might he be otrserved. required wlren all threg gt,atories ol aircraFt are panicipatingat a Show site. A, Shawlinea and Spactator Arcts- For (l I The showlines should be ilerobatic and cenain other flight demon- established first, rather than establishing thg sfJoctetorereas and strations. showlines rnusr be estabtished at e then determiningthe showlines. Drescribed disranca lrom the designated spectator areas. The showtine is used as E rsfersnce try the performer or, in the cese of a fornrarion fliglrt, by the formation's leader. Pilots perfcrrrrtn0flight demonstrationg rnu51 maintain minimum showline distancesfrom the spectatDrareas. These distances are predi- caled orr 7S prlrcgirt po\rver In straighr and level iltuil[ tur pt$run atrctart. Fot IUforne arrgraft. the distancet il,'e based on demonstrated 49,22 Vol- 2 AA-3. IO t R rox I^'SrfiucTtoN II-20e BY ORDEBOF THE 17 FEBRUARY]99.1 SECEETARYOF THL AIR FORcn Flying OPerctinns AIR FORCE?ANTICIPATIONIN AENIALEYEItrs Procedurcs.lt providesguidartcc and proceduresfor Air Force This insrnrctionimplcmenrs AFPD ll-2, Flight Rulesand Depanrncntof Defcnse(DoD) Dircctive 5410'18. pardciparionin acrial cvcn$ (includingsurilc displays)" Ir implcments 5410.19,Armcd Forces communiry Relaions, July lg. communiryRclariois,t"ty i, igr+, tui,hchange i; rion Insmrcdon Agreemcnt(ITAI'4AG) J5JJ. July 4' 1985' For the lg?g, and Nonh Atlantic'Trearyorganiwtionln,qrol srandnrdiution arefuncdonally considcredto bc major commands purposeof this insruction rhcAir ForccRcservc and Air NadonalGuard (MAJCOM)' SUMMTRY OF CHAi'IGES This revisionaligns the instnrctionwitl AFPD I l-?' evens to kecp the publ-icand milirary informed of us L Generel Guidsuce. Thc Air Force takespafl in aerial good eommuniry urd intcrnational rcletions. For preparedncss,ro demonsratcmodern wEspon syit"tts. and ro Frcmore proFams, sec AFI 35'201. Air Farcc guidanccon air Forcc paniciparionin public eventsand communiryrelations mustnot intcrfcrc with opcrationalcommirmcnu. tammuniry Rchtions(formerly AFR lgsl). Supponof approvedevens cvenu as defined in anachmentl. any aerial l.t. Each lcvcl of ircscribed in paragr;ph 6 musr approvcaerial "o*mata anilor ASD:PA approval (each evenrnot describcdin this insrnrcrionmusr rcccive llAtcoM, HQ UsAF/J(oo, SAF/PAC. levcl as rcquircd) bcfore performancc' an offbase 1.2. Aif FOrccmembcrs must not in{licatcsupPon or nonsuPportto thc sponsorof (ASD:PA) apProvesor disapprovesthat aerial evenr until rhc office of Assisrantsecrcr"ry of Dcfinsc for fub[c Affairs evcntand fieir MAJCOMsapprove or dcnythe uscof operationalrcso15ces' volumc?) for insmrctionson maintcnanccand 1.3. SceAFI 37-139.Rcrorii Dispotidon--srandards(iormerly AFR 4-20, disposidonof rccordsof Air Forccpanicipadon in acrialcvcnts. or disapp_rolttat'y waiver 2. HQ USAF Dirrctorste of operrtious (HQ US$/J(OO) Duties. HQ USAFffOO approves at thc lvldlCoM lcvel prior to ,rqu"ru to this inswcrion, unlcssotherwisc dcsignared. waiver requestsmust bc approvcd forwardingthrough HQ USAFfiOOA toHQ USAF/XOO' 3. l\,l{IcoM Dutics. EachMAICOM rhat takcsparr in or supponsan aerialevent: 3.1. Evaluatcsre4uests for acrialcvcnls. (SAF/?AC) and othcr 3.2. Coordinareswirh DoD (ASDTFA),Office of Public Affairs, Community Re)ationsDivision agcncics,as re4uired,tO dctermine the extcntof panicipationauthorizcd- cvenu and specific NOTE: ASD:PA and SAF/pAC approvcDoD componcntand Air Forcepanicipation in civilian aerial and AFI 35'201. mitirary evcnrspcrfornred for rhc puutic accordingto DoD Directivcs5410.18, DoD Insrucdon 5410.19, (CONUS) plus 3.3. Approvcsoperarional participarion in civilian and military cvcntswithin the contineutalUnited Starcs elaska, i{awaii, Canada,end Mexico accordingto atuchment2 andAFI 35-201. 3.4. Advisesunirs of ASD:PA andSAF/PAC approvcdEvcnts and solicits unit suppon. 3.5. Providcsresources to completethc mission. or 3.6. Ersrues thar pilots and crewssclccted ro pcrform aerial evens are highly qualified and profieient in the rrlancuvcrs demonsuation. the capabiliry of 3.?. providcs suging bascsand suppon. Thc panicipatingcomrnand arranges for suppon that is bcyond the stagingbase. *- h',suD' Eedi,qFR 66.lg, zT July lggzl cenificd by: HQ usAF/xo (Lt Gen Bustcrc. Glosson) F He USAF/XOOA(Lr Col William C. Muir, Jr.) Pages:9/Distribution: ".H.fl*illlf;ff'' AA-4.1 1991 AFI I I-209 l7 Fcbru thc ob-iecuve ls to for parricipanrsshould relnembcr Requests-Rcqucsts andcomoelence tc 6..1. IrL{colrl'to']\lAJCOI\! ha*onr*"r. Air Forceprofessionalism e'ent musrbc sentftom requcsung iuooon-oi an aerial g.nrrul pubiic. not to irnpressPeers' Suict and' if approved'from thc thc ;iil i" p"t.n, tYt{'JcoM to show lines"nd and minimum ahitudesreflets owningrhe requested ritnfrfi*.. r-aejcorrl ro the lv{AJCoM and goodshor+manship by providing ;;;; an informauon iort ptoftttionalism HQ USAF/XOOAas rear of the spectator ;:;;;.'-rn.rua. that spccutors.including those in the all IvLAJCOM'Io}'{AJCONJrequests evcnt' .*O**r.*- on area an unobsmrctedview of lhe acrial us Air Forcc (HQ USAF/CC)' HQ ;;.,*;.chl.f of Sraff, lviinimums' Thc naturcof the event' local E"tf of Srafffor Plansand opcrations i.i.'Westher fftroG"ry of thc rerrain.ornumerousotherfactorsmayrcquirethemission *X;*o)' HQ usenn(oo or r"1i .orficeAcquisirion commanderto sethigher minimums' sccrcsry oi rt,c Air Forcc for a stitic display" Assisnnr bcsent at 7.2.1. Any aerialevent, except a flyover' Requcsufor suppon.must at leasta Goti^bl anda pcrformanceby the Thunderbirds'rcquircs "pfto"ti'a'y' bcforcthc cventdatc' Approval i.* ioltrlna^, Corps 2,50Gfoorceiling and 5 milesvisibility' us armv' Navv'or Marine is ;;;fi;; irrclude 7.2.?. Minimum ceiling and visibility for flyovers 8n aenalcvent will followrhe MAJCOM+o- and 3 miles asseuin 2 and nyi"tr minimum aldrude plus 500 fect rcqucstProcess' (Refer to attachment Iv{AICOM for visibiliry. forcvcnt approval proccdures') Rcqucsts publishedin AFI 35-201) fromthe 7.3. eiri*a.. Follow minimum altitudcs ;tt* ii u rruriurvoptn ttout*t"f^t: filectlv unlessrhc FAA Erantsa MAJCOMf:r approval' AFI ll-206 andFAA reguladons rcquesdng- base to urcowning evcntspccifying a lo'*'er SAFJ?ACand HQ cenificationof waiver bcforcthe li. foi-i*n DignitarvReeuests'- minimum altitudcs ForcignLiaison minimum aldrudc' Thc following iiinr orn* of thc vic! Chicf of Staff' aPprovcacrial cvents apply: ii"i.i"n fi{Q US$/CVAI) must Area' Single aircraft dignimry' submit f.i.i. nyoters Over a Congested ;;;;'rfr.intatv for a foreign arca' city' town or advancc' or formationflyovers ovcr a congested i"qurrr arltast 30 calendar days in persons--l'000 fcct Normallythe sctdcmcnr.or opcn air asscm[ly of Lg. f*.ral or Memoriat Flyover' fccr of rhc aircrafi. consistsof thrccor aboverhc highcsiobsraclc wirhin 2.000 iuirr"r ot memorialccrcmony flyovcr Arcs' Single at rhl- ncxt'of-kin's 7.3.2. Flyo-vcrsOver a Noncougcstcd four aircraft' bur may bc diffcrcnt arcas-' (formerlvAFR aircraft oi formation flyoversover noncongested r.d 34-501,Mortua'It- Aflairs ;;;AH 500fcet above ground level(AGL)' t43-t). (Flvovers)' In ccnun Certmony ?.3.3. Lower Minirnrrrn Altitudcs 6.1, Retirementor Cbangeof Commrnd pcrformances' only bc uscdfor cases. such as demonstration lciun niot.t. Theseflyovers will normally exit into the Air Forcc approvcdmaneuvers packagcs. and c-r.rtryand iirucorwcc. pr.errcowcV.and Numbcrcd waivc the altitude up to a forrr'ship nio"o arca,thc FnA may spccifically A MAJCOIWCC is allowcd a lower iltonrca a one' rcquircm.nrsabove. Even if rhc FAA authorizes MAJCOM/CV or NAF/CC is allowed iiyo"tt A Air Force controlled aircraft must not be is not rcquircd for a flyover ddtudc. US ,hip flyo".r. Approval following minimum altitudes: individuals' Refer to flor1r1lswer rhanthc p.*or*"a for one of these 50Ofcet AGL' for any other . Aircreft Formstion Flyovers' attachment2 for approvalrequircments . Sin8fcAircrrft Flyovcrs' 250 fect AGL' individual. (Demonstrations)' 7.3-4. l,ower N{.inimum Altirudes requesu not aircraft or 6.8. Unique RequesLs' Send unique Any acrial demonsradon by US Air Force to HQ their combat spccifically covered by this rcgulation p.rsonnel that is intcndcd to show by MAICOM' aldrudes than iiserfio-oA for cvaluati-onand approyl capabilitiesmay requirc lower minimum. (as requircd)' 7'3'?' Each frO UiefnOO, SAF/"AC, and ASD:PA those spccified'in paragraphs?'3'l and the cvcnt' of i"i"ti, ,.qurrrc at leasr60 calendardays bcfore I\4AtCdM scu minimum ajuruott for safe operadons thcir asscu. All dcmonstrationsmust follow MAICOI'I alritude for 7. Snfety Standgrds snd Geucral Reguiremeue' ippro"ed profilcs rhat spccify the minimum at all timcs' Do Safetymust bc thc primc consideradon eachmaneuvcr. maneuversthat endanger mustnot penormln i*-pttfo*'safety aerial evens and 7.4, Ainpeeds. Fixed'wingaircrafl in tre event o[ percent rhe of sPecurorsor properry aerialcvens at specdslcss than sralI speed plus 30 malfuncdon' Consider the flon'n' This is not intended misjudgment oi aircrafi for the aitcraftconfiguration , thosein attachment followingsafety srandards' along rlith to limit the normal dcmonsuadonof emoloyment cachaerial AircFted ffiurt nAi 1 fnr staticdisnlavs' in planningand staging rffieuY€rt by tactrco,l airlift eircr:ft' evcnl. cxceed.90I''IACH under uty circumsunces' use discrete Pcrformaerial 1-5. Communicstions. If practical' 7.1. Showmrnshipand Professionglism' informadon' and frcquenciesto controlaerial cvenu' evcnts for public enjoymenr' 2.6. Spcctator Are'a. A designatedspecutor areais set demonsuarionofaircraft.ucticsandcapabilities'In flyover)' supervisorsand uo for iach aerialevent (cxcept a sutic displayor Ai"tfoping and pcrformingaerial cvents' AA-4. lA t AFI It-l 17 Fcbrwry 1991 2 safety and singlepoint of scenecorunander responsible for the overall 3.8. hovides an OperationalDirectorate "no conductof the mission and makesthe "go" or Eo" contactGOC) for all eventscovered by this insn'rction' decision. hovide the name of the POC, rank' officc symbol'and DefenseSwitched Network (DSN) numberto HQ USAF 5. US Air Force Aerial Control Team Duties' An ACT Directorate of Operauons,Arrspace and Air Traffic must plan, coordinate,brief, and control an aerial event Conuol Division(HQ USAFIXOOA)and SAF/PAC' the (cxcluding a static display) that involves more than l? 3.9. Submis to HQ US$/,(OOA a. copy o.f . airciafi. hrcraft from more than one MAICOM or il,IAJCOIWCCapproved'dimdnsuation profiles for each an aerial event within the Washington DC' aircraft that-tireh4A.ICOM plans to usein an aircraft Service, rype NarionalCapital Area. or as directedby HQ USAF/f(OO' itmonsuation involving aerobatic maneuvers' HQ The ACT: USAFfiOOA retainsdemonstration profiles until updated 5.1. Coordinateswith panicipatingcomrnands to arrange or changedby the MAJCOI'I/CC. the evcnt. 3.10. Ensuresa plannedflyover prof-rle is tailoredto the 5.2. Verif,resFAA coordinationfor the event' spccific event site' The unit comrnanderor a designated 5.3. Acts as the on-scene advisor to the mission representativemust review arrd approve these profiles' with commander,or is the missioncomrnander if rcquesredby The approvingauthority must ensurecompliance I4AICOIYi/CC' appticiute Aii Force policy dircctivesand instructions (formerlyAFR 5.4. ls prescntat the controlpoint during the event' tiuctr asAFI I l-206' GeneralFlight Rules MAICOM (except 60-16),atrcraft specific uaining manuals,and 6. Using Aircrrft Resources. In ovcr$casareas supplements,ani all Federal Aviation Administration Alasks, Hawaii, Canada, and Mcxico), the Sccreury of ftom approvcd (FAA) rules and rcgularions' Deviations Dcfensehas delegatedthc authority for approving p-oO for safety of flight protrles are nor authorized except componcntpanicipation in public evcnts to the unified flight. and ipecified commandcrswithin thcir geographical areas placed on static f.ir. Ensures aircraft and equipmcnt of rcsponsibilitics' Thc Air Force comPoncntcommander attachment 3 and display arc made safe according to in thescareas has operationalapproval and the c4uivalent MAJCOM grridance. of M-AICOM waiver authority for thc guidance in this on the basis of 3.12. Selecu air and ground crews instrrrction. wih the public' miliury bearing, abiliry to comrnunicate NOTE: This delegationof approvaland waiver authority and knowledgeof cquiPment. does not rclieve the comPonent commands of the in duty or flight in 3.13. Ensurcs aircrews are prcsent' rcquiremcnts of this regulation whcn panicipating the cvent is open the uniform. at the aircraft during thc dme changeof command and rctirement cercmonicsand to the public. MAICOM dutieslisted in paragraph3' 3.14. ilrovidesthe missioncomrnander when rcquired' Sutic display$arc the preferred 3.15. Provides a rated officcr as depury mission 6.1. Static Displrys. Air Force panicipation in public evenu and comrnander(airborne) whcn rcquired' method of rclations programs Sutic displays used in 3.16. Coordinarcsall acrial cventactivitics' identificd in community with retiremint and/or change of command artachment l. with the FAA through the regional Air conjunction will consist only of aircraft a'tsigned to the Force represcntative' lvL{ICOMs may delcgate ccrcmonics whercthe ccremonyis occurring' coordinationto the panicipatingunit' basc opcradonalsupPon to 3.1?. Hovides'administrativeand 6.2. flyovers. Flyovers are thc secondarymcthod of Air (ACT)' rhe US Air Force Aerial Conuol Tcam Forcc panicipation. Each commander must evaluate 12 or more 3.18- Providesan ACT for evenlsinvolving safety,nrd conscrvation,flying hours available' training' aircraft. puUUc rclations, and bcncfirs to thc Air Force bcfore aircraft or forcign 3.19. Submits requests for forcign approting flyovcr requcsts. Rrblic flyovers will be in unit opcn milirary dcmonsuation tcarn participadon appro"eaonly for cvcnts such as dedicationsof airpons' approval' housesro SAF/PAC for coord,inationand aviationshows, expositions and air fairs,civic events that re4uesu from HQ 3.20. Respondsto demonsuation conuibute to publil knowledgeof Armcd Forces aviation usAFD(OoA. cquipmentand capabilities,occasions primarily designed MAICOIVUCC 3.2i. Rcquestswaivers to this regulation' t0 encosrage the advancementof aviation, and those **'mtlrr ud lD tIrE wo.ivst autltutir;r fvr tlre minimsm nationalholidays designatcd in attachmentz' altitudc rcquirementsof this regulation' 6.3. Ffight TqrEI Demonstntion' Thundcrbirds primary methodused to exhibit the 1 4. Mission Commander Duties. The mission performance,,r" {ht high pcrformanceaircraft and the comtnandermusr bs a highly qualiFredpilot or navigator' iapabiliries of modern requircd to oPcrate thcse aircraft' Each mission commandei verifies all mission details are degrec of skill (including deveiopdemonstration leEtrrls to highlight operatronally feasible and all coordination UefCOUt may aircraft. FAA) is obtained. The missioncomrnander is the on- capabilitiesof their AA-4. IB AFI II-209 Anachmt , rz Fl.roo, APPROVAL FOR OI\.BASEAI.{D OFFBASE AERIA,L EVENTS I usere I lnvor+r I | f,T^nc I l,rncTrrrl | ^rnJ^! | lnyova; 1 | lDtsrlrY | | D€Ho | | rr,rut' ; E\IEhT l**,'ll^-*', ll-T" ll^T'' llgl*+'l T-_-T :l T-T APFR,OVALlffi 1|ffi l lffi l i'il;+.:l f'l---.=l LEVEL' tfi,ffJIiElIffiJl++J |ryJ . Approvd of thoscevcnls which rre }v{AICOMrPptotrble rruy bt dclcgrtcdto r lows rpprovrl lcvcl rt ilre discrErionof the M,ttCOM' Approvrl of thosctvcns requiring ll,UCOtvt/CC rpprovrJ nuy not bc dclcgrtcd n r lower rppruYrl levcl. Urc of ut.v rircnfr or equipmcnt undergoint re$ing in rn R&D pmErm must bc rppmvcd by HQ USAFD(O rnd SAF/AQ' Notc l: USAFA qurlifics u rrr openhourc IAW AFI 35.201.MA!COI'{/CC rpprovrl ruquircd for moru rhrrr 4 rircr$" or muhiplc prsses.US$A officidr must notify crch puriciprting I{ATCOM whcn molt tlutt I flyovcr ir rchcdulcdin uty 3 hour Pniod. Notc 2: IncludcsUnir Chlrgc of Aircrafl Unit Flrg RedrtmentCcnmonicr, muhiplc fl;roverr rnd dirrimilu formatioru but des NOT includc Chutgc of Comrnendutd Rctircnrent Osrtmonics. Norc 3: Includcs Werpony'Trcrics, Arrrult l-rnding, Assrult TrlcotT. Contrins Dclivery Systcnr.Equipment DroP, lttflight Refucling.IJPES, Prnchutc Jump Dcrnonstnrions rnd Jump Pledorm. E EHrAFfrd mhrnalrdoa FigureA2.1, Approvd for OnbsseAerisl Evcuts. }J.-A.2 CORRECTEDCOPY AF REGULATIO}" \ DEPARTMENTOF THE AIR FORCE 60-18 ! H"adouartersUS Air Force WashingtonDC 20330-5000 2?July 1992 Flying AIR FORCE PAETICIPATION IN AERIAL EVENTS This regulationsets policy for Air Forceparticipation in aerial events(including static displays).It applies to all major commands (MAJCOIII), the US Air ForceReserve (USAFR), the Air National Guard (AN*G), and all overseaareas. Italso implementsDepartmentof Defense (DoD) Directive 5410.18,SJuly 1974,and change1; DoD Instruction 5410.19,19 July 19?9,and North Atlantic Treaty Organization (liATO) Stan- dardization Agreement (STANAG) 3533,4 July 1985.For the purposeof this regulation US.{FR and ANG are consideredMAJCOMs. SUMMARY OF CHANGES This revision updatesthe referenceto the applicableSTANAG (purposeparagraph); adds statement of noninterference with operational mission (paragraph lah clarifies numerous terms; revises HQ USAF/XOO duties (paragraph3); revisesMAJCOM duties(paragraph 4); clarifies Aerial Control Team (ACT) requirements (paragraph 5); adds MAJCOMs to the list of possible approval levels for unique re- quests (paragraph 7fl; adds showmanship and professionalismverbiage (paragraph 8a); adjusts weather minimums for flyovers (paragraph gb(2));revises the minimum altitudes for flyovers (paragraph 8c); adds requirementfor qualified aircrew to bepresent at all staticdisplays when opento the public (paragraph 8g (2);revises approval levels to allow MAJCOM approvalfor mostDoD approved events (attachment l);and deletesIIAJCOM monthly report and attachment3. l. General Policies: c. AFRs 4-20,volume 2 (formerly AFR 12-50, a. The Air Force takes part in aerial events volume II) and 12-20apply to the maintenance to keep the public and military informed of LS and dispositionof the records accumulated in- preparedness,to demonstratemodern weapons cidental to Air Force participation in aerial systems,and to promote good community and events. international relations. For the policy on Air 2. Terms Explained: Force parlicipation in public events and com- a. Demonstration Pilot or Crew. A highly munity relations programs, see AFR 190-1. qualified pilot or crew trained and proficient in of events must not interfere Support approved the maneuvers or demonstration to be per- with operational commitments. formed. I b. It is imperative that Air Force members at b. Aerial Event. Any aerial activity, to in- the unit level not indicate support or nonsup- clude a static display, by Air Force aircraft or port to the sponsor of an aerial event until personneltaking part in military events,public OASD/PA has approved or disapproved Air events,or community relations progrems. Each Force participation in that event, and their level of commandprescribed in paragraph ?, at- MAJCOMs have approvedor denied the use of tachment1, and AFR 190-1must approveaerial operational resources. events as defined below. Furthermore, only a SupersedesAFR 60- I 8,30 January I 987. No.ofPrinted Pages: l0 OPR:XOOT(LI Col C.M. Sallee ) Approvedby: Maj Gen Marv Ervin D' Void ) Writer-Editor:Mrs, JoYce Distribution:F AA-4. 3 .f,Hmydr o AfR 60-I8 27 July 1992 Larg€ cargo loaded on aluminum cargo ]r*onr,r*tion pilot or crew as definedin a AGL. pladorms are extracted from the aircrafb by abovemust perform aerial events' (1) Aircraft Demonstration' The demon- parachute- (11) Aerial Review. A flyover of multiple stration of operational capabilitiesby- a single of aircraft from the same service or air- aircraft or group of aircraft (to include hover- types representingmore than oneof the milit'ary ing), that are not part of an oflicially designated craft with elements in trail formation (with fl ight demonstration team' services, 1 minute spacingbetween formations) (2) Aircraft Weapons or Tactics Demon' ' less than not involving precisionmaneuvers or dem- straiion. An aerial demonstration of aircraft and employing or simulating the employment of onstrations' (12) Flight Team Demonstration.A demon- munitions, weapons'or combattactics' Air Demonstration (3) Assault Landing Demonstration' Dem' stration by the US Air Force (Thunderbirds) or the US Navy Blue onstration of a technique used for landing on Squadron short runways. The aircraft is flown at a speed Angels. AFR 20-25 and the Thunderbirds Oper' slightly ebove aircraft stall speedat a steeper NOTE: Manual govern Thunderbirds oper- tha=nn-ormal approach path' Alt'er touchdown, ational maximum engine reverse thrust and braking ational control. (13) A straight and level flight' by are applied to stop the aircraft- Flyover. a fixed point, (+i essault (Max Performance) Takeoff no more than four aircraft, over aerobaticsor aircraft demon- Demonstration' Demonstration of a takeoff and not involving technique usedfor departing short runways and strations. (14) Team Demonstration. A for employing maximum takeolf power and Parachute free fall or precision landing climb rate for the aircraft. demonstration of (or Air Forcepersonnel. (5) Container Delivery System(CDS) Dem- both) techniquesby (15) of Command Cere- onstration. Demonstration of a tlae of equip' RetiremenU0hange held for the solepurpose ment drop using individual canvas and nylon mony. Any aerial event who are retiring or webbing containers mountedon plywoodskidt of recognizingindividusJ5 ceremony' boards to deliver suppliesof up to 16 bundles for a unit changeof command (16) The ground displav of weighing up to 2,200 lbs each from approxi- Stetic Display. related equipment, not in- matlly 6b0 feet aboveground level (AGL)' any aircraft and its (6i Equipment Drop Demonstration' A volvingflight, taxi, or enginestart. (l?) The ground parachute drop of equipment risggg plat- Training Static Display. -on and it's related equip- ior*r, individual containers,or small doorbun- display of any aircraft purpose of training local dles. ment used for the sole or law enforce- (?) Helicopter OperationalDemonstration' civilian medical, rescue' fire, doesnot involve flight, An aerial demonstrationof helicoptercapabil' ment personnel,which ities to perform any ofthe rescueor specialoper' taxi, or engine start. (1E) Aircraft Ceremony' A ations missions (e.g. Hoist, Sling, Repelling, Unit Change of the conversionofaircraft Pararescue Deployment, Formation Flight, ceremonyto recogBize Operational Approach, Simulated Ordnance typewithinaunit. (f9) Retirement Ceremony. A Delivery, etc). Unit Flag which an or (8) Higtr Altitude lnw Opening (HALO) dedication ceremony during active is deactivated and Airdrop Demonstration- Demonstration of per- air reserve component unit sonnel delivery by airdrops accomplishedat or the unitflag retired. (20) A missing-man for- above 3,000 ft AGL- The jumpers free fall from Memorial Flyover. when the aircraft to a predetermined altitude at mation flyover at a memorial ceremony person which time the parachuteis deplo;redto com- the remainsofa deceased are not recov- plete the descent. ered and ere determined to be nonrecoverable- (9) Inllight Refueling Demonstration' An (21) Funeral Flyover. A missing-man for- ' ceremonywhen the aerial demonstration of aircraft employing the mation flyover at a funeral procedures of inflight refueling up to and in- remains ofa deceasedperson are intdrred' the memorial and funeral cluding the precontactPosition' li'OTE: Normally (10) Low Attitude Parachute Extraction ceremonyflyover consistsof three or four air- at the next'of-kin's $ystem Demonstration.Demonslration of a car- craft, but may be di-fferent go d"litery method by airdropsfrom 5 to l0 ft request. AA-4.4 o AFR 60-18 ?7 JulY 1992 (regardlessof location)at least30 in public events to the unified and specified USAF/CVAII commanders within their geographicalareas of calendardays in advance. requests not responsibilities.The Air Forcecomponent com- f. Unique Requests.Lnique *"nd"t in theseareas has operational approval specificallycovered by this regulation must be and waiver authority for this regulation. sent to HQ USAFfiOOT for evaluationand ap- NOTE: This delegation of approval and waiver proval by MAJCOM, HQ USAF/)(OO, authority doesnot relieveMAJCOMs of the re- SAF/PAC,and OASD/PA(as required). Submit quir'ements of this regulation when participat- requestsat least 60 calendardays before the ing in changeof commandand retirement cere- event. moniesand the requirementsof paragraphs4a, 4fthrough 4P,and 4w. E. $afety Standards and General Require' a. Static Display' Static displays are the pri- ments. Safety must be the prime consider- mary method of Air Forceparticipation in pub- ation at all times.Aerial eventsand maneuvers lic events and community relations programs' that endanger the safety of spectatorsor prop- b. Flyovers. Flyovers are the secondary erty in the event of misjudgmentor aircraft method of Air Force participation.Each com- malfunction will not be performed.The follow- mander must evaluate safety, fuel conserva- ing safetystandards, with thosein attachment2 tion, flying hours available,training, public re' for static display must be consideredin plan' lations, and benefits to the Air Force before ning and stagingeach aerial event. pub' approvingflyover requests'Flyovers in the a. $fiswmanshipand Professionalism.Aeri- public lit domain will be approved only for al eventsare performed for public enjoyment, events,such as dedicationsofairports, aviation information and demonstration of aircraft tac- civic events shows, expositions and air fairs, tics and capabilities, and are not necessarily that contribute to public knowledge of Armed those maneuvers that are diffrcult to perform' and capabilities,oc- Forcesaviation equipment In developingand performingaerial events,su- the ad- casionsprimarily designedto encourage pervisors and participantsshould remember andthose designated na- vancementofaviation, their objectiveis to demonstrateAir Forcepro- attachmentI' tional holidaysin fessionalism and competenceto the general Team Demonstration. c. Flight public, and not to impress their peers' Strict performances are the primary Thunderbirds complianceto show lines and minimum a.lti- usedto exhibit the capabilitiesof mod- method tudes reflects both professionalismand good performance aircraft and the degreeof ern high showmanshipby providing spectators,includ- requiredto operatethese aircraft. skill ing those in the rear of the spectatorarea, an d. MAJCOM-Io-MAJCOM Requests. Re- unobstructedt'rew ofthe aerial event. questsfor supportmust be sentfrom requesting b. Weather Minimums, The nature of the unit to its parent MAJCOII and, if approved event, local terrain, or numerousother factors from the parent MAJCOM to the MAJCOM may require the mission commander to set owning the requestedassets' HQ USAFD(OOT higher minimums. must be included as an information addressee (1) At least a 2,500-footceiling and 5-mile on all IUAJCOM'Io'MAJCOM requests that re' visibility are required for any aerial event, ex- quire HQ USAF/CC, XO, XOO or SAF/AQ ap' flyover, a static display, and a perfor- proval. Requests for support must be_sent at cept a mance Thunderbirds. ieast 30 calendardays before the eventdate- For by the (2) ceiling and visibilitv for the purpose 0f this regulation, a request for an Minimum altitude plus 500 aerial event from the I,S Army, Navy, or Ma- flyovers is flyover minimum rine Corps will be consideredMAJCOII-Io- feetand 3 milesvisibilit;". published in MAJCOM requestfor approvalauthority' (Re- c. Altitude. Minimum altitudes must be fol- fer to AFR 190-I and attachment I under the AFR 60-16 and FAA regulations grants a certification of specificevent being requestedfor approvalpro' lowed unless the FAA cedures). Requestsfor support of a military waiver beforethe eventspecifying a lor*'ermini- open housemay g0 directly from the requesting mum altitude. The following minimum alti- baseto the owningIIAJCOM for approval' tudesapply: e. Foreign Dignitary Requests'Any aerial (1) FlyoversOver a CongestedArea. Single event presentedspecifically for a foreign digni- aircraft or formation flyovers over a congested tary must be approvedby SAF/PAC, and HQ area,city, town or settlement,or oYerair assem' AA-4. 5 I 6 AFR 60-18 27July 1992 bly of persons-1,000 feet abovethe highestob- pies. One thousand (1,000) foot spectator staclewithin 2,000feet of the aircralt. distance minimum from the intended impact (2) (l) FlyoversOver a NoncongestedArea. point or dropzone boundary, whichever is great- Single aircraft or formation flyovers over non- er. congestedareas-500 feetAGL. (3) Onbase or Offbase Helicopter Oper. (3) Lower Minimum Altitudes (Flyovers)' ational Demonstration, Assault Landing or ln certain cases,such as demonstration teams, Take OfI Demonstration, Five hundred (500) approved maneuvers packages and entry and footshowline minimum exit into the flyover area, the FAA may specifi- (4) Parachute Demonstration (Including cally waive the altitude requirementsabove. HALO). When using steerablesquare main and Even if the FAA authorizes a lower altitude, reservecanopies, spectators must not be closer USAF controlled aircrajt mustnot be flown low- than 50feet to the landing target. er than thefollowing minimum altitudes: NOTE: Except for aerial events identified in (a) Aircraft formation flyovers: 500 feet paragraph 8f(l) through (4) and thoseair show AGL. sites where FAA has waived and the parent ft) Single eircraft flyovers: 250 feet MAJCOM approvedthe minimum distance to AGL. 1,200feet, all other participating aircraft, on or (4) (Demon- Lor+'er Minimum Altitudes offbase,will require a 1,500foot show line mini- strations).Any aeriel demonstrationby US Air mum distancefrom thespectator erea. personnel that intended Force aircraft or is to g. Static Display. The following guidelines of aircraft per- show the combatcapabilities or applyto all aircraft on staticdisplay: sonnel may require lower minimum altitudes (l) Aircraft on static display must be se- than those specilied in (l) and (2) above.Each cured (Make Safe)according to attachment 1, MAJCOM setsminimum altitudes for safeoper- applicable technical orders, and MAJCOM sup- owned assets. All ations of their specifically plements. demonstratiorrsmust follow a MAJCOM and (2) Qualifredaircrew must be present to HQ USAF approved profrle that specifiesthe answerspectator questions at all times the stat- minimum altitude for eachmaneuver. ic display is opento the public. d. Airspeeds. Fixed-wing aircraft must not Exception: Safetyof flight (e.g.long exposure perform in aerial events at speedsless than stall to sun and high temperature),crew rest, crew speedplus 30 percent,for the aircraft configura- duty restrictionswill not becompromised in tion flown. This is not intendedto limit the nor- or- der to mal demonstrationof employment maneuvers comply. h. and Munitions. If an event by tactical airlift aircraft. Airspeed must not ex- Ordnance does ceed.90 MACH under any circumstance. not involve munitions expendiluresor display, be downloaded e. Communications.If practical,use discrete the aircraft must of all expend- frequenciesto controlaerial events. able ordnance.Permanently mountedinternal (Make f. Spectator Area. A designated spectator weaponsmust be secured Safe),accord- area is set up for eachaerial event(except a stat- ing to applicable technical order procedures. ic display and flyovers). Official'observers and Placeonly inert munitionson publicdisplay and spectators must stay within their designated secure them (Make Safe) according to applica- area. Aircraft participating in aerial events ble technicalorders to ensuresafety. must not overfly the designated spectatorarea i. Outside COI{US (Not To Include Alaska unless specifically granted a waiver by FAA andHawaii): and the parent MAJCOM. Safety must be the (1) Comply with air rules and procedures primary factor in selectingspectator areas. The set up by the host nation, Air Force 60-series following showlines must be establishedbefore regulations,AFR 8-5, and the I.ISAF Foreign the performanceof an aerial event: ClearanceGuide. (l) Onbase LAPES Demonstration. Five (2) Coordinate with the ATC representa- hundred(500) foot show line minimum. tive ofthe host nation beforean overflight of, or (2) Onbase Equipment Drop Demonstra- terminationof a flight in, a foreigncountry. tion, Container Delivery System Demonstra- (3) Comply with NATO STAI{AG 3533and tion, and PersonnelDrops Using RoundCano- (l) and(2) above. AA-4. 5 AFR 6Ltg Attechment I 27 tluly 1992 Approvd for Onbase end Offbese Aerial Events z3 14 Iil r-l H Iq { Hl vt ffi,E;E.Ef Eq qz oH ffiifli3[E='EH J gggi o il A. #iiii {ss F. ffiF5laiEF iEEl 4Eiii iiiEi iF ffijtieL+ i;c+r{,r", +'t g+fiFiFi;iEigiiFfT;ig; -{:EE{# AA-4. 7 AF RECULATIO\ 60-IS DEPARTIVIENTOF THE AIR FORCE HcadquartersUS Air Forcc WashingtonDC 20330-5000 l0 Januai.l957 FlYing AIR FORCE PARTICIPATION Ii{ AERI..I'LEVE}"TS Thisrcgularion sers procedures for Air Forceparriciparion in aerialevents (which includes static displays)'It ap- plicsro all majorcommands (MAJCOM), the US Air ForceRcserve, the Air r.*ationalGuarC, and all ovcrseas areas;ir alsoimplements Department of Defense(DOD) Directive 5410.18, 3 July 197:t'and change l; DoD In- srruction5.ilO.l9, l9 July l9?9;and Norrh AttanticTreatyOrganization (NATO) StandardizationAgreement (STANAG)3533, l0 April 1g70.For rhepurpose of rhisregularion the US Air ForceReserve and Air i\ational Ouardarc considercd MAJCOM. below,must be approvedby cachlevel of l. GeneralPolicies: defined prescribedin paragraph7 and attach- a. The Air Forcetakcs part in aerialevents to command cvenls(l) through(10) must keepthe pubticand military members informed of mentl. Furthermorc, demonstrationpilot or crewas US preparcdness,demonstrate modern wcapon be performedby a systcfns,and promotcgood community and inter- definedin a above. nationalrelations and enhancerccruiting and re- (l) Aircraft Demonslration.The demonstra- tentionefforts. For the policyon Air Forcepar- rion of operationalcapabilities b:r a singleaircraft '.+'hich ticipationin public eventsand communityrela' or groupof aircraft(to include hovering) tionsprograms, see AFR 190-l-Aircrews, mainte- arenot partof an otficiallydesi*enated flight dem- nancecrcws, aerial control team (ACT) mcmbers, onstrationteam. and other peisonnclneedcd to conduct an ap- (?) Aircraft Weaponsor Tactics Demonstrd' -proved event must be highly qualificd for the tion. An aerialdemonstration of aircraft employ- cventsin which theyPerform ing,-orsimulating the employment of, munitions b. It is imperativethat Air Forcemembers at oi weapons. the unit leveldo not indicatesupport or nonsup- (3) .,{ssau/tLantiing Demons:rarion. A techr port to thc sponsorof an aerial event'until niqueused for landingon shortrun\l'ays' The air- oAsD/PA, SAF/PA, HQ USAF/XOO, and craft is florvn at a speedslightly above aircraft rhcir MAJCOM have approvedor disapproved stalt speedat a steeperthan normal approach Air Forceparticipation in that cvent.Additional- path. After touchdown,maximurn enginereverse ly, unirswill not confer with sponsorsdivulging lhrustand braking are applied to s'ropthe aircraft- supportor nonsupportuntil thc parentMAJCOM (4) Assault (Ma.r Performance) Takeofl hasapproved or deniedthe useof operationalre' Demonstration.A takeofftechnique used for de- 50urccs.. partingshort runwaysand emplo;"ingmaximum c. AFRs l2-20and l?-50 applyto themainte- takeoff powerand climb rate for the associated nanceand disposition of therecords accumulated aircraft. incidentto Air Forceparticipation in aerialevents. (5) Canniner DeliveryS,rstern (CDS) Dem- onslralion. A type of equipment airdrop '*'hich ExPlained: 2. Terms usesindividual canvas and nylon w'cbbingcontain- DemonstmlionPilot or Crew. A highly n. ers mountcdon plywood skidboards to deliver quatificdpilot or crew trainedand proficientin suppliesof up to l5 bundlesweighing 600 to 3,300 or demonstrationto be performed' themaneuvers poundseach from appro.ximatgl;"600 feet above Event.Any aerialactivity, to include b. Aerirl groundlcvcl (AGL). a staticdisplay, by Air Forceaircraft or personnel (6) EquipmentDrop Demonslrotion. Apara- takingpart in militaryevents, public events' or chuteairdrop of equipmentrigeec on platforms, comrqunityrelations programs. Aerial cvents,as ./ individualcontainers, or smalldoor bundles. - ,8lupersedesAFR 50-18,3l December1984. (See (1\ Helicopler Operational Demonslration. signaturepage for summaryof changes') An aerialdemonstration of helicoptercapabilities No. of PrintedPages: l3 to performany of therescue or specialoperations OFR; XOOO(SN|Sgt Stcven D. McMullen) missions(for exampleHoist, Sling, Rappclling' Approvedby: BrigCen George L. Butler PararescueDeployment, Formation Flight, Op- Writer-Editor:R. M. Downey erationalApproach, Simulated Ordnance Deliv* Distribution;F ery,etc.) AA-4.8 - 'uary AFRI Jo le87 (Missing' (20) lvlenorialor FuneralFIS'over (8) High AlritudeLor+ OpeningHALO) formationnor- accomplished Man Fortnarion)-A missing-man eiri*p' iZmonstrotion' Airdrops formationwith the bcingde- rn"tty .onritrs of a four-ship u[ott 3,000feer (AGL)' The-cargo or a four'ship for' a predcter- nu-#.t threeaircrafr missing "i-o, free ialls from the aircraft to performing It;;;J. is de- *riion wirh the numberthree aircraft at which time the parachute *i".J'"ft'i*de pull-upmaneuver at a specilictime in theflight' descent' a -ploycd -'lg) to completethe .--.i-. flyovernormally occurs at a memo- Demonslratio.n'An A memorial Inflieht Reiueling whcnthe remains of a decFasedper' employingthe ,iul ,.r.*ony a.riai o.*onrtr",ion of aircraft are determinedto be includ- son are not recoveredand of inflight refuelingup to and at a fu- Or"".atttt noir..ou.t"ble. A funeralflyover occurs the-iicil Position' of d deceased "'-ing Prccontact Fxrractio.nSvs' n.rit ..t.-ony when the remains Low Altirude Parachute ' A method-ofdeliv' 'person -- - are interred' ,r^ Demonstralion' and Flightsof a Spectoc' ifepts) platforms' lt t 1 RecordFlights loads on aluminumcargo for offi- .ringl"tg. normallv ular Na'rure,A flight, whereappropriate' ; I-eres deliverv,the aircraft achievespeed' dis- iirii"e cxtract lial world "ctass" recordsto 5 to l0 feetAGL while parachutes fli.t J tance,altitude, or durationof flight' aircraft' thc---- load from the Orher Evens or DenrcnslratiottJ'Atty A flyover of multiple -(ZZ) (l l) Aerial Revrew' not explainedin (l) through (Zl) sameservice or aircraft aerial event ,vp.r lf aircraft from the must be requestedthrough military serv- above.Such an evenl ,.ptittnrine more lhan one of the bv HQ USAF/ (with less He USAf/XOOO for approval *irn flementsin uail formation (as required) i.ir, XdO, sAF/PAc, and OASD/PA spacingbctween formarions) and itr* r ,ninur. prior to it beingPerformed' precisiontn6p6sv€ts or demonstra- used not invotting c. Jump Platform'Any Air Forceaircraft tions.-'- tcamdemonstration in A demon- asa vehicicfor a parachute lrzl Ftight Team Demolrttration' cvent,public eventt or com- Demonstration supportof a military stration Uy iire US Air Force Air (AFR 20-25)' the US munityrelarions Program' lqu*aton- (Thunderbirds) l).' Onc or Golden d. Mske Safe (per JCS Publication Angels, or the US Army Ul* nf". more actionsnecessary lo preventor interrupt 'Knights. (traditionall-'-sln- .o*pf.tt functionof thesystem A straightand levelflight' by (13) -Flyover. with "dearm," "disarm"' and "dis- of the samety,pe' mak' o"i*out no ,nori than four aircrafr necessaryacdons are: pbint at aspecifiedtime' abie"1.-- Among the ;;;;;; ils, ovi:r a f-rxed such as pins or demon- til Insrall (safcty deviccs involving aerobaticsor aircraft noi locks). "nlstrations.-:'- or batteries)' A (i) Oisconnect(hoses, linkages Parschute Tean Demonstration' ii+l (or gteta (accumulators,reservoirs)' of freefall or precisionlanding ili demonsiration R.rno". (explosivedevices such as initia- by Air Forcepersonnel'- iqi Uoiti i*.ttniqucs or detonators)' Chanle of Command tors,fuzes, (15) Retiremcntand (asin weldings1 legkwiring)' held for the solepur- d5) lntervcne C"rriiny. Any aerialevent An activity or cerenlony who areretiring or e. Military Event. oos" of ricognizineindiviCuals organieationto recognize cercmony'- ,pon*r.a bi a military ior--' a unit changeof contmand Air Forceresources or ground displavof an individual,or to display (16) Stati Displav'The individual' select not involv- i.rou..., capabilities to an *ny and its ictateo equipment' generalpublic' --i.group of individuals,or the ----ing flight,"irl"r, taxi, or enginesnrt'- leased'or grounddis- b; Bese.An insrallationowned' zl Training StaticDisplay' The component' if used operatedby the DOD or by a DOD phy of any aircraft and its relatedequip-ment camPr such as a basc, station, post' reservatlon' purposeof traininglocd civilianmedi- for thc sole facility, ship, school'collegc' etc' enforcementpersonnel fort, terminal cal, rescue,fire' and law locadonother than On Base' taxi'-orengine start' g.-n. Oft Base.Any itrri.t,'--iigl Oo.t'not involve flight' Control Team (ACT)' ceremonv' A US Air Forct Aerial lJnit Chanseo! Ai.rcratt officersand aug- of air' e teamof highly qualified ratcd which recJeniiesthe conversion ceremony **"*t utullti irom Tactical Air Command craft- - tYPcwithin a unit' VA, who control aerial C*::,::'^:- ttoal, Langley AFB. Unit Ftag Retirement. paragraph 5 and HQ ilg) or alr-!. i".nri according to ceremonyduring which an-activc dcdicadon USAF/XOO directions. (ARFior Air NationalGuard unit is ;.;;; force i. Foreignlttilitary DenlonstrationTeam' Any ieactiuareoand theunit flagretired' AA-4. 9 3uJanuarl leb I "f-tt safetyand conductof USAF/XOOO and responsiblelor the overall o. Coordinates with HQ for eventsin- rhemission. This includes: Hd'rnCznOO to obtain an ACT in a. Ensuring: l2 or rnoreatrcraft or for aerialevcnts volving (l) That all missiondetails are operadonally rne dashington DC, National Capital-Area' l2 air- feasiUleand all coordinationis obtained' Wf,.n un aeiial enentinvolves fewer than from (?) RcquiredFAA coordinationand'approv- rr"fi, u", includesaircraft demonstrations the request' t''j mor. tn"n oneMAJCOIvI or service, guidance t$Ttffio,, or"no so" rvearher deci- inr.e.n*v musrobtain HQ USAF/XOO waiverof slon. il.ioi. reiucsting an nCT' Requestsfor must be sent,togcther with the n.Cl ttquitemcnts t$' Resources'The US Air Force plan, to HQ USAF/XOO f7 Ur* of Aircrafr aiiaitca opcrations events(which include static dis- for approval,atlcast 60 "or*t o"iiin aerial Hq usnrzxobo) v 190-l and this regula- ir"i" waiveris granted' plays),according to AFR iays U.forc the cventdate' lf a .l\ \ partici- du' iion.'iroceOuresfor requcstingapproved thc requestingcommand assumes the assigned -t- pationand authorizeduse of aircraft resourcesare des---p.of rhc ACT in ParagraPh5' (exceptAlaska Aftcr Ac' in attachmentl. In overscaarcas SuU*its thc MAJCOM Monthly delc- 31d H3waii), the Secretaryof Defensehas tion SummarY(attachment 3)' (when gatedthe auittorityfor approvineDOD Compo- q. Submitsrequests for foreignaircraft unified (AFR ient participationin public evertsto the U*t. involved is nor a bordcr base ,nJ commanderswithin their geograph- in thcir units'openhouses to and specified 190-l)) parricipation The Air Forcecompo- (lnfo,HQusAF/xooo) for coordi- icalaicas of responsibility. sAF/FAc nentcommandei in thesearcas has operational ap- and aPProval. nadon---i.-nltp"ttat proval,nfl rlvsiverauthority for this regrrlation' tb demonstrationrequests from delegationof authoritydoes not re- Responseby messageis need' iqotet This fre USirlXOOo. requirementsof this regulation hasthe assets available lieve MAJCOM ,ainfy whena MAJCOM command/rerire' dernonstra' when parricipatingin changeof and wishcs to perform the requesled para- ment ;eremoniesand the requirementsof tion.--r. graphs4f (MAJCOtvl POCs) and 4p (MAJCOM R.qu*rts HQ USAF/XOO approvalfor any rcgulation'Waiver requests After ActionsSummarY). waiver.iqu*ttt to this displaysare the pri- levelprior to a. Static Displrys.Static rnustbe approvedat the ivtAJCOlvI public mary merhodof Air Force participationin iorwaraini'to HQ USAF/XOO for approval' eventsand communityrelations programs" method 'US (ACT)' The b. Flyovers.Flyovcrs arc the secondary 5. Air ForceAerial Control Team Forceparticipation' Each commander must plan,coordindte, brief, and control an of Air ACT must for safety,fuel conservation' morethan l2 aircraft'an evaluateall requests aerialevenithat involves public-relations' National flying hour program' training, aerialevcnt within the WashingtonDC, pub- and benefitsto rheAir Force'Flyovers in thc C"pit"f Arca, or as directedby HQ USAF/XOO' Iic domainwill beapproved only for publicevcn$' TheACT: of airports,aviation shows' with HQ USAF/XOOO and suchas dedications a. Coordinates 'expositions 1"i15'givic evcnts that contrib- to arranBethe evcnt' andair 'participating com,mands 'u,i Forcesaviation coordinatcd to publicknowledge of Armed U. dnsuris that thc cventhas bcen primarily equipmenrand capabilities, occasions with thc FAA. advan!!*-tnl of avia- to the missioncom- desiincd to cncouragethe c. Acts ts ofi'sccneadvisor in ar- request- don-andthosc designated nadonal holidays mander, or is the missioncommander' if tachmcntI of thisreguladon' edby HQ USAF/XOO. US Air Force point during thc c. Flight Term Demonstrrdon' ' d. Is Presentat thc control per- Air DernonstrationSquadron (Thunderbirds) event. formancesare the primary methodused to exhibit e. Assumesthe niss'on comma';rder'sassigned par- rhe capabilitiesof modern high performanceair- dutiesif comntunicationsare lost between the and craft and the highdegree of skill requiredto oper- ticipating aircraft and both the mission ate thescaircraft. deputYmission commander' d. MAJCOIVI-Io-I\LAJCOM Requests' Re' qucstsfor supportmust be sentfrom the requcst- /d Mittioo Commander'The rnissioncomlnandcr tt ing unir to irs parentMAJCOIVI and, if approved' U*ur, be a highli'qualificdpilot or navigator'The I"t from ftreparcnt MAJCOM to the owning MAJ- ;k;; .o*-tn""a'.t is thc on-scenecommander 1 AA-4. I0 I 5 AFR 60-lE 30Junuerl' l>* rveightclass-500 be sentat least (a) Over 100,000pound COivl. Requestsfor supportmust date'HQ USAF/XOOO leet.{CL. 30 days-bcuciore the event pound weight class- addrcsseeon (b) Under 100,000 must includedas an information requeststhat require 250feet.4CL. all MAJCOM-Io-MAJCOM Attirudes (Demonstra- XO' RD' or XOO approval'For @to*"r,llinimum HQ USAF/CC, aerialdemonstration by US Air Force regulation'a requestfor an tioril.Any the purposeof this show the or Marine #fraircraftor personnelthat is intendedto aerialevent from the US Army' Navy' combatcapabiliries of aircrafior personnelmay Corps will be considereda MAJCOM+o'MAJ' (Refer at' requirelower minirnum altitudes than those speci- COM reqr,;estfor approvalauthority' to ficd in (l) and (2) above.Each IvIAJCOM sets tachment I under the specificevent being re' minimumaltitudes for safeoperations of their questedfor approvalprocedures)' aerial specificallyowned assets'All dcmonstrations e. Foreign Dignirery Requests'Any a musr follow a MAJCOM approvedprofile that event,or st]aticdisplay, presented specifically for specifiesthe minimumaltitude for eachmaneuver' foreigndignitary must bc approvedby SAF/PAC' (reeard' f--E) Lirspeeds.Fixed-wing aircrafi must not per- HQ USAF/XOO,and HQ USAF/CVAll iflrm in aerialevents at speedsless than stall speed lesiof locarion)at least30 days in advance' ,#, plus 30 percent,for the aircraft configuration f. UniqueReqrtesls' Any uniquereguests not flown. This is not intendedto limit the normal coveredby this regulationmust be sentthrough demonstrariondf employmentmaneuvers by tacti- HQ USAF/XOOO,for evaluationand approval calairlift aircraft. uv HQ USAF/XOO,SAF/PAC, and oAsD/PA d. Communications.If practical,use discrete (as reguired).Submit requests at least60 daysbe' to controlaerial events' the cvent. frequencies fore deriPa*e++P* @Sp€ctator Areg. A isJet up for eachaerial event (cxcept a ls- Ev. /glafery Srandards.rndGenerrl Requirements' "$,:,play).No part of the spcctatorarea ls located t with those tt.',p Ynt iorrowingsafcty'standards, along closerthan 1,500fcet fro 5" in attachment2 for a staticdisplay only, must be participating in nor overfly the aerial consideredin planningand stagingeach designated s unless specifically parent lvlAJ- event: granted^a wil A and the a. Weatherlrlinimums' At leasta 2'500-foot ill be kept within the dcsig' ceilingand a 5'milevisibility arc requiredfor any I observersand sPectatorsmust aerialevent, except a staticdisplay and a perform' i thoseareas designated for viewingthe anceby the Thunderbirds'See AFR 20-?5 for {Stf.ty mustbe the primaryfactor in select- Thunderbirdrequiremcnts' The naturc of the cventrlocal terrain,or ntlmerousother factors4,4,., may rcquirerhe mission commander to sethigher st bfsecured(Make Safe) according to attachment2, minimums.HQ USAF/XOOmust issue a waiver fr''| applicabletechnical orders, and MAJCOtvI sup- authorizing aerial events below these weather plements-This ensuresspectator safety and pro- minimums.Submir requesrs for rvaivers'through tectsclassified components of theaircraft. channcls,to HQ USAF/XOOO at least30 days g. Ordnanceand Munitions.If an event does beforethe event. noi involuemunitions expenditures or display,the b' Attitude. Minimum altitudespublished in aircraft musr be downloadedof all expendable weap' FAA regulationsmust be foltqwedunless the FA'A ordnance.Permanently mounted internal gran$ a certificateof waiver before thc event ons will be secured(Make Safe),according to ap' ipecifyinga lowerminimum altitude' Even if the plicabletechnical order procedures.Place only in- FAA authorizesa toweraltitude, US Air Force crt munitionson public displayand securethem controlledaircraft must not be flown belowthe (MakeSafe) according to applicabletechnical or- followingminimum altitude above the highesr ob- dersto ensuresafetY. (not struction: h. OutsideContinental United States lo in- ( ll Aircralt FormationFlYover: cludeAlaska antl Hawaii): procedures set (a) Over 100,000pound wcight class- (l) Comply with air rules and hostnation, Air Force60-series regula- I,000feet AGL' up by the Foreign Clearance (b) Under I00,000pound weightclass- tions, and AFR 8-5, USAF - (FCC)' 500teet AGL- Cuide . (2) Coordinatewith air traffic control repre- {\ SingleAircratt flY6ver: M-4.1I t 1987 AFR dO*IE AtlachmenlI 30 January EVE,\"T,PARTICIP.TITION, Ai\iD APPROVAL REQUIREIVTE}{TS Re,'tarkt Ltvel' i TyN of Evcnror PotticiPaioa ApProval HQ USAF.or Aerial Revicw tOn Basc) OASD/PA, by HQ USAF'.\Oi devclopment(R&Dl programmust bc apProved tvtAJCOM lo Ha and RD. Submir thcse rcquests,lhrough channcls' I at lcest6o dg;"sprtor to lhc usAF/xoo (tnfo HQ usAF/xooo) I evcntdatc' I acritl tcvitwsbv thcir assigncC-oFera- 1. MAJCO$!s may apPtovc ' | HQ tion"l ersets on thcir rcspcctivccommand bascs' uotity I l0 daysprior to thc eventtlate' USAF/XOOOrnd SAF/PAC at lcrrt I disapprovesproposcd 3. HQ USAF/XOO approve:or l:t]tt.tt--tt:'t l one ivlAJCOful'I f cir- ihar ii"ot"e operrtionalasscrs from mort than | justilicrtion provided'excePtions t"I Gumstanccswlrrtnt end is lj I t9 Ha ruthorired, Submit thesc reqilc$t5.through chsnncls' ] with an' UinflXOO (lnfo HQ USAF/XOOO) r ITIAJCOI{/CC I provcdprolile at lcast60 dlys prior to thc cventdgte' 1. aeriat rcvicwsreguirc O'ASD/PA' S'{'FIPA' HQ rcQuests' USAF/XO,"u1i;-r6rvict and HQ USAF/CC approvrl' Submit these 1 davs rhroughchanncls. to SAF/PAC (lnfo HQ USAF/XOOO) 90 -prior to theevcnt datc. undcrgoingtcsting in an R&D HQ USAF f , Ur. of eny eircraftor equipmcnt AcrialRc"ic*-l9II l$l OASD/PA, rnd RD- Submitthese tr'i programmurr beapprovcd by HQ USAF/XO aTiEemonstrar!e! !9II B!!!L Al tiJC.5r , (lnfo HQ ffi 4t^" ,.qi.r,r, rhrouBh channcls. to HQ USAF/XOO eircraft WcePont/TactiqsDemon- lq,T USAF/XOOO) 60 daysprior to thecvent date' strrtion (Off Brle) - dl submit thescre- 2. whcn r rri,litrr-runit is makingthe initial request' ffitt L-rndingDemonrtration rt quesrs,throush channcls. ro SAF/PAQ{tnfo.HQ US'{Fi XOOO) (Off ti'ith ' Basc) tiasr SOdays prior lo lhc Fvcntdate in accordance AFR 190-l Trkc with HQ AilrffiErfotmance) SAF/PAC coordinares lll DQD'rpProvcd cvcnts Of f Dcrnonstrr,igq9l! BL:p- parricipationau' USAF/XOO to delqrminethc cxtent of operrtional rhorired. Efi;,tt;-r Dt oP Demonstration i-iree"r roff Basc) Thc .".n,r th"t did not originate from a, gilire+#iEaniertion' Hclicoptcr 0Perational I)emon' rvill requcst MAJCOM desiringro ncrlgpra' AA-4. 12 I 'h+)? ffr,t-l ']\"t, 1987 AFR 60-lt Attach. 'tl 30 Januery tt ffitL Approval Ltvel' n,^o{fl-u}f.l:T7# Typr o! E wn t o' Po kE ti::- lI individuals L Any atrial evtnts for rhe solefrurPoic of ricogniring I Rerirementand Chrnger of Com' CSAF mend Ccrcmoni* (AnY Acrirl :T:$;:""lf'ffii Even0(On Buc) ll,"l,ii#lT'li;:::::"';'""?':':';illT':ffr casc'by--casebasi$' Primary USAF/CV will considcrepproval on I fuel cxpenditure. Jonrio..ationfor epFrovalwill bebonsfidc rrrining. i housc program that and rhc involvernentof Ihe publicin an opcn I woulddcmonsrfateAirForcccepabiliticr'SubmitthegercQu_esu.I (lnfo HQ USAF/XOOO) at rhiough channcls.ro HQ USAFTXOO I lcasr90 daysprior to thc evcntdatc' tecring in an R*D 2. Usc of rny,aircraftor.ouiotin'undcrgoing I USAFTXOrnd F^D- progrr* .uri b. approvedby HQ | of commandceremonies ere i. i.riat cventsfor retiremcntor changc I not Nuthorizedat eny offbarc locatiols' - gr undcrgoingtesting in an R&D HQ USAFor MAJCOM l. Ucc of any rircrrft equipmenl SrericDisPlaY (On Base) thcsc programmust be approvedby HQ USAF/XO a1d R-Dt Submit (lnfo HQ I.qJ"r,r, through channcls. to HQ USAF/XOO , . . un#j.' dete' US'f fZXOOO) at lcasr60 drvs prior to tlic event for rhcir 2. MAJCOMs mty approveon beserteric displayr as$igncd gPilllional-rgs9Hrssryf,-inconjunctionwitharctircmcntorchange :f,.,ff{ff,[iYof commandceremonY. undcrgoingtcsting in rn R&D HQ USAF or i, Ur. of any aircrrft or cquipment itatic DisPlaY(Off Batc) OASD/FA, programmutr bc approvedby HQ USAF/XO and RD' Submit thcsc MAJCOM (lnfo ,.qu-.t,t, throu8h channels, to HQ USAF/XOO HQ USefzXOOO) ar lcrsr 60 dayspridr lo lhc evcntdate' 2'Aurhorizcdon|yrrairficlds,heliports'andlanding$itcsthatrncet by thr qualificarions prescribcdin AFR 6O-16 as supplernented policy pro' MAJCOMs. DOD mry sPprovean cxceptiooto this if thc porcd dirplay rrca mcctsopcrationrt rafcty rcquirements' lf a DOD crceprionto policy is rcquired,rubmit thcscrcqucsu' through chan- nrlr, ro 5AF/PAC (lnfo HQ USAF/XOOO)for OASD/PA epproval arleast 60 days prior to thetvtnt date' thcir assigned 3. MAJCOIT'Ismay approvcollbasc staric displayr for opcrrtionalrcsource3 rccording to remark2' sill bc to answcr gucstions l. QualifiedAir Forcepersonnel availablc from spcctatorsat ell staricdispley aircrrft or equipment' Useof any aircrrfi or equipmentundergoing tegtin8 ln an l(&lJ Trainingstetic Displayloff Basc) HQ USAFor MIJCOM L program*uri b. approvcdby HQ USAF/XO and RD' Submit thesc (lnfo HQ i.qu.r,r, through channcls. to HQ USAF/XOO USntu XOOO)at lcast60 drys prior to theevcnt date' 2'AuthoriredwhercAirForcealgcrsareuscdtorrain|691|givilian only those medical,rcscuc, firc, and law cnforcemcnlpcrsonncl' Use landingsitcs that havebcen surveyed and detcrmincd safe by cofipe' rcntMAJCOM Personncl. J. Spcctatorswill not 5s sllsu'cd in the training area' Allow only rhoscpersonnel wilh a ncedto bc trainedinto thc rraining sitc' r approvallcvel at thc discretionof theMAJCOM' .Thosr evensthrt arc MAJCOM rpprovablcmay bedclcgetcd to lowcr AA-4.tzA REGUI-ATION55-18 DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE ACC HerdquertersAir Combrt Cornmarrd I April 1993 L-angleyAir Forcc Brsc, Virgiais23665'7788 Operatioru ACC PARTICIPATION IN AERIAL EVENTS aerial cvents. It docs lot This regrrlrtion establishcsprocedures aad prescribcspolicy for ACC participationin mcmbers- coMAcc appty tJ US Air Force Restrve (AFRES) a$d Air NationalGu.srd (NGB) unirs and their approvalis requircdto chengethis publication' SUMIUAN.Y OF CHANGES customcr friendly- Reorganizcsthc reggtation contents to uakc it morc logical, more concisc, rnd morc of ir"ni.raizo chapter-formats.Eliminates rcferenccs to datcdand unus€dinformetion such as cmploymeut FAc pafiies, afld aircraft errdAC-130 Gunships,livc punirions, qpecialoperttioDs tef,nls &nd tacticel air control live weaponsdemonstrations. Cxpands upon static display requirementswhen an ACC basc is tbe host' Expends packrgcs. upon ,cquir"mentsfor sraric;isplay ilacards. Adds bombcrsto the units providing static munitions et Adds a new chapteron dry weaponsdemoustrations et rir shows. Lowersthe approvallevel for flyovcrs DOD approvedoff baselocations to the wing commander. Paregranh Page ChapterI-CENERAL lntroduction. l-l 3 Suspeuses...' L-2 J UnitRequest "'.-...... l-3 3 OtberScrvices or Air ForccMAJCOM Requcss l-4 3 CivilienAgcncies' Requests....- l-5 3 ApprovalAuthoritY..'. l{ 3 TerrnsExPlaincd l-7 3 EventLocations ...-..'.'.. l-8 3 Parricifationin Public Eventsarrd Comrnunity Relations Programs l-9 3 Recommendationsfor Improvement "...... -.... l-10 3 Chapter2-FLYOVERS Introduction. 2-l 4 FlightLimirrtions". "'.. -. 2-Z GroundLieison Offrcer ....."'-'.....- ?-3 4 WrshingtonD.C' Area-.- ?4 4 Go/NoGo/Air Abort Decisions .'---...... 7-5 4 Flyoversst Opal Houscs/Air Shows-General 24 4 ApprovalAuthoritY..'. 2-7 4 Funerelor MemorialFlyovcrs-Generel ""...' 2-t 4 ApprovalI*ve|s..."''' 7-9 5 Forrnation...'.'i' -.-..-'. 2-10 5 s"p"ttto-* fAcR 55-18,ll Juruary1980' No. PrintedPages: l7 OPR: DOXO (Mrjor Nelson) ApprovedBy: GenJohn M. Loh Editor: Marty Muir AA-4. 13 Distribution: F;X: HQ USAF/XOO t A CCR 55-18 r APril 1993 Chapter2 FLYOVERS ABORT Dericions' be rcquestedby a 2-5, GONO-GO/AIR 2-1. Introduction. Flyoversmay officer/aerial control The ef rt ougtt the ground liaison Lur"", for many different eve!t's' ;"t ;i i*ro *iff bc provided to a^stistthe flyovcr flight typcs of flyovcrsrre those.in^suPPort GOING' Itrostcorllfion leader,thc ultimate responsibilitVfo1 th-e. or air shows' memonal llyovers' of open houscs GO/AIR ABORTdecision rests with the flight spccific bolidays'and associatedwith ""rJi*i"" "f lcsder. t"iit".*,1*rtenic of commandc'ercmonies' -C**"f.24. Flyovers at Open Houses/Air Shows- 2-2.- Flight-ii*p-.a. Limitations' organizatious rn Civilian and miliury All flyovcrs will bc flo"rrn et for frcqu"ntty request ACC aircraft and aircrews ". publicationeirspeed' aoiropriate-t'u.-'lltitua.. S5-series ci"lti* andmiliurT functions' Units sre otherwise noted' the nyot"o fntess "t thesere4uests on 8 voluntetr specificlocation encourag"dro supPort *iltt; sltitudewill dependupon a better understanding 50O Urtit rti *r.rrr-of fostering cleararrceand will be no lower than good and obstacle of the mission of airpower and to promote feet' AGL noted' the will. *--WLtn*.. Unless otherwise will be *iiimurn weather to perform r fly9vel- in the 2-7. APProvalAuthoritY il, AGL and visibiliryst lesst,5miles 2j-dd t. On-nts*. The approval level for a flyover For a maneuvering(pull-up) missine ;i;;il erca. (cxccpt for retirement or change of comnasd mu$tbc rt lesst4'000 feet -"r, Riot.r, thc weether is thc ACC wing commandcr' in theviewing sres' on-base --1.nAi- *a 5 milesvisibility "cr"rnoni.t) required' formationis OASD/PAaPProval is not SrunaardFormation' Fingenip approvallevel is the figbter b. Off'Base. The interim the epprovedformation to be usedfor ACC utust ACC wing comrnander' Any off-baseflyover flyovcrs. Dissimilar or other formations ;i#i frrstbe rPProved bY OASD/PA' missiug-man)require HQ,Acc/Do thestercommander ir"ili"rtiing cvent' c. OibruS Flyovers. The and will bc practicedprior to the have ipploval rn8y sPProve a flyover using assets thet rircraft will not participate forroation of ;i;"y -in transfened to the comrnander's eree flieht.''1.-- unlessapproved by HQ ACC/DO' ACCiDO has becs or after responsibility, if the HQ n"tr.n*I. Flyovers before sunrise rcquirc notified- Assetsthat have not lransferred are prohibited unless approved by HQ ,uns"t of both the thester comrnanderend HQ Acc/DO,- - "ppro""l requiresEn assct to travel participating iu ACC/DO. A requestthat i. Spectator Area' Aircraft to srlPPort E dcsignated from the United Sutes specifically eeial cvents will not fly over the of flyover requires the additional approval aresunless specifically grarrted a weiver by OASD/PA. "[io,otFAA rnd HQ ACC/DO' the d. Patriotic Holidays' HQ ACC/DO has off-bsse flyovers n'rpporting A UHF radio authority for 2-3. Ground Liaison Officer' "pfro""l Day' IndePcndence deployedto A*t"a ForcesDay, Memorial .q"ipp-a ground liaison offrcer will be rnd Dry, NarionatfOWltvtlA RccognitionDay' tite prior to the ToT to assistthc flight ,n-" fiy"t.i Vctcrarrs Day activities' Units voluntccring to leader and act rs a safety observcr' erou"a will - !! supporta flyover on one of thesefive holidsys officer will be a qrulified ratedofficer who ii"iroo their requestto the appropriatestaff sgsucy' be appointedby the comrnanderof the ,utorit will normally submit their requestsvia phone aircraft' to this ACC unie may p*"iaiig the fiying .Exceptions for approval' ""it on a case'bv' directlyro HQ ACC/DOXO ilit.y will b! rnade'bIHQACC/DO cssebesis. A 2-E, Funerat or Memorlal Flyovers-Gcncral' of thc funeralflyover rnay bc aurhorizcdfor the funeral WashingtonD'C' Area' For flyovcrsin 24. of the Armed Forces or the Federal involvingACC aircraft'HQ a digniury washingtonD-.C. area 60-18' AFR 190- the aerial Governmentas providedby AFR ACC/D*OXO will normally provide l, and Air Force Mornrary Affairs directivcs' A controlteam. AA-4.14 ACCR 55-18 I April 1993 Chapter3 AERIAL REVIEWSAI{D AERIAL EVENTS IN SUPPORTOF C}IANGEOF COMMANDCEREhTONIES 3-1. Aeriel Revia,v-Gmeral. ln aerialrcview is rod visibility mrrstbc rt lcast5 miles in thc viowing r ccremonialflyover, straightrnd lcvel, of multiple 8Fct. Wcethcr minimunr.sfor leunch of dreraft types of aircraft from the'ssme serviceor eircraft perticipatingin acrial reviewswill be IAW AFR 60- reprcsenti$gmore than one of the miliury scrvices, 16 unless highcr minimums ere specified by the with elementsin trail forrnation (with less then missioncommander. I minute spacingbetwccu formations). 3-7 Commtnd and Control. For aerialreviews of 3J. Mission Commander. 12 or more eircraft or aircreft from more thau one a. A mission comrnanderwill nornally be major command/service,or rs dirccted by HQ eppointed for a rnajor (12 or more aircraft) eerial USAF,HQ ACC will: eventand will normally be a colonelor as directed' a. Supervise the plaruring, coordination, The missioocomrnander rePrescnts ACC snd ss the bricfing,and control. on-the-scenecomrnander is resPonsible for the b. Appointgn sverall missioucomrnalder. overellconduct of the mission' c. Frovide a project officer to s€we es r focal b. The mission comrnandersssumes responsi- point for aerial review plarrning, brief,rng, and bility for all participatingforces uPon their rrrival at coordination. the stsging brse nnd cn$urcsall missiondetails are d. Providethc USAF Aeriel ControlTeam. operatiouf,lly feasible, all necessaryFAA waivers e. Coordinate with HQ USAF/XOO, and coordinationbave bcenobtained, ud makesthe perticipating comtnands, rnd event sPonsors rs , final'GO' or'NO4O' decision. treccsseryto rrrange tbe event. f. Providesufficient resoulc'eslo meet the forcc 3-3. WashirrgtonD.C. Area. For flyoversin the requirement. WeshiugtonD.C. arealnvqlvinfl ACC aircraft,HQ g. Prepareand distributeOpOrd(s) s1 rnsking ACC/DOXO will norurally provide the serial messagc(s),if rcquired. control tesm. h. Selecte stagingbase, if required,and notify the proposedstaging basc comrnanderas eerly as 3-4. Approval Levels. possibleof requirementsfor logisticalsupport. e. On-Base. When en aerial reviewwill occur on en ACC base and uses only MAJCOM as$ets, 3-t. Retirernent and Change of Commend- approval is COMACC. Aerial reviewsinvolving General. Any aerial event, except certain sletic more than onc MAJCOM asset require multiPle displays, for tbe sole purpose of recogaizing MAJCOM/CC approval. Multiscrvice acrial individuals who are retiring, or for change of rcviews require OASD/PA, CSAF, and commrnd ceremonies,are prohibitcd without thc MAJCOM/CCapproval. conscntof the VCSAF. The approval level for an aerial b. OfT.Base. 3'9. Approval Level. The interim approvd level including multiple comrnand revicw off-base, for eerial eventsin suppott of retirementor char-rge and the MNCOM/CC of the eveDts,is OASD/PA of cornnrandceremonies is HQ ACCIDO. AD participatingunits. Multiservicc eerial revicwselso rdditionrl approvrl level is VCSAF. VCSAF will spproval. rcquirc CSAF considerapproval on a case-by-casebasis; however, c. WashingtonD.C. Area. HQ USAF/XOO it is Air Staff policy to approveflyovers in support will provide nocesssrytasking. COMACC ACT of retirementor changeof cornrnatrdccrcrooaies for PLAII WASHINGTONFLYOVER applies' MAJCOM vice comrnandersor their equivelent rnd above. 3-5. Airupeeds.If areincompatible, then "irsp""i, otlrer mce.us of dcconflicting end synchronizing NOTE: This does not include e stetiedispley of aircrrft, ruch as eltirudc, timing, or flight path rurit-assignedrircraft at home station, which cen be separation,will be utilizcd' rpproved by the wing or unit cquivalent commander, 3{. Vtteather. To pcrform an eerirl review, the cloud baseswill be no lower than 4,000 fect AGL AA-4.15 t l3 ACCR 55-18 Attachment r 18June r993 (NOTE APPROVALLEVELS FOR PARTICIPATION IN AERIAL E\IENTS I) ACC SUSPETiSE TYPE EVENT/ AFR 60-18 APPROVALLE\IEL (NOTE2) PARTICIPATION APPROVALLEVEL Wing or Unir Equirrrlat Cc N/A Srrtic Dirpteyr (On B$.) MAJCOM Wing or Unir.Equir{trl CC N/A Sutic Dirplry (OffBr*c) MAJCOM Conunrndcrrr#or Acc/Do 15 Dryr $uric Dirplry (OCOMJS) (NOTE 3) Thcrtrr oASD/PArnd MAJCOM Wing ot Unit EquivrlcntCC N/A Flyovm (Oa Bsc) (NOTE 4) MAJCOM MATCOM Wing or Unit Equivrlmt CC N/A Flpwrr (OfrE$c) (NOTES4't) OASD/PArrtd rndor ACCJDO l5 Dryr Flrtrltr (ocoNUS) (NoTES 3'4) Ttrcrrr Commrndcr OASD/PAgrd MAJCOM Wing or Unir EquivrlcntCC N/A Mtmoriel Flyovcr(On B$E) (NOTE {) MAJCOM USA.Fend Acc/Do 15Dryr Mcrnoriel Flyove (Of Besc) (NOTE 4) OASD/PAHQ MAJCOM ACC/DO l5 Dryr Dry WceporsDcuronstfltion (On BdG) MAJCOM Acc/Do 15Drlt Dry Wcrporu Dcraonsrrtiorr (OtrBerc) OASD/PArrrdMAJCOM Acc/Do 15 Dryr Acdrl Rariav- l'{A,tCOMurc$ ur}y (On'Br*) (NOTE4) MAJCOM 30 Drp Aarrl h.adav- I.IAJCOMEGtr fily'(Ofr'Br*) (HOTE4) OASD/PArrtdMAJCOM Acc/Do (AJl) coMAcc 30 Dep Acriel Rcvic* - Muhi{ommrrrd (On-B$c) MAJCOM coMAcc 30 DrP Arriel Rcviar . Muhi-servict (On'Besc) oASD/PACSAI. utd MAJCOWCC (AJl) coMAcc 15Dryr Arrirl Rcviarry- Muhi€onurund or Multi'Scrr'icc{Off'Brsc) OASD/PACSAF, rnd (NOTE 4) MAJCOITUCC(AJl) Acc/Do I I DrYr Raitsnenr/Chmge of CamrnrrrdCrcmonics (Any Atrirl VCSAf std MAJCOM Ewnt) (OnrrtdOtrBesc) (NOTES 6'7) Wing or Unit EquivrlentCC I J Dr:rr Unit Chrngc of Air*rJt/Tlrg Rctircfirnt Cccnronics MAJCOM (Ftpvcr or Stetic Disptey) (Ot 'BrsE only) (NOTE 6) NOTES; 6tr18' AFR 60'16' rnd AFR l9Gl for ot'hctrcrirl - t. AFR 6trtE rcrirl cycnu nor lirud rbovc rcquircr rninimumof HQ Acc/Do rppruvrl. Rcfcrto AFR cvcnt infofinrtion or 3uidrnct. HQ ACC to pcmit cootdinrtion on GvGEtrlhrr do not 2. Surpcnrcrindicrrc thc minimum nurnbcrof dryr prior to thGGvcnt drlc rhrr r rtqucrr ||rurt rFivc rl rt lcrs 15 dryr bcforc rhc rpproprhtc /rFR 6el8 rcquirt HHe rpprcvrl. lf forrlcr rpprcvll ir rcquirtd, r wducn rcqucsrmuril bc rubmittcdro HQ ACC/DOX, f,rtPcilrc- Informrrion conuincd in prngnph l'3 will bc providcd' contrul rnd rlrould infonn thc owuiaS MAJCoM. 3. Thcrtcr eomfiundcrr firy rpprpyc flrtic dirylrtr rnd flyovrrr of nreridc urcB undcrthcir opcnriorul rdditiorul rppruvrl fium both oAsD/PA rnd thc surcridc rircn1 thrt .r. a.pnila ovcrrcrr for thc rclc purporc of rupponingr ruric dirplry or flyovcr ruquirc orvningMAJCOM. vill bc forrvrrdcdto HQ AcC for HQ AcC/Do 4. Flyovcrr involving dirrimihr rircnfr in rhErrmc forrrrrion, or fonnrtionr orhcr thrn linicnip/rniring mrn rpprcvrl. Dry, Dr;r, Nrriosl FCtw^{lA R*o;nitioa 5. MNCOMT rrc turhori1;d to rpprovEofT-brrc tlyovcn rupponinl Armcd Forcer Dry, Mcmodrl lndcpcndcmc Dry. rnd Vctcnu Dry rctivhicr fAw AFn 6GlE' rulion in conjunctions,ith r rttirtntnt c?Emony' 6. W-rngor Unit Equivrlcnlcofiurundci nuy tpprovcon-brx |r|tic dirplryr for unit-rrri3ncdrirrnf rt homc rirtnfi fot thc rclc purTorc ol t*cogrtzinl chrngc of eornrnrrraar**ni, ,. unit chrng; oi iircnff/nrg rtrinErncnrccftilrony, srrric dirplryr of ofr-rution individrrepwho rrc rcriring oi for chrnge oicomrnrnd cctrmonicr rcquirc VCSAF rppruvrl rr vcll u HQ Acc/DO rpprovrl' ?. off$rrc ahlic dirphyt rnd rcrirt cv?I|Efor chrngc of comrnrtd rnd rttirtrncnt ccrtmonicr rrt not ruthorir*d' AA-4. 16 I I DEPARTMENTOF THE AIR FORCE AF REGULATIO.\*60-1 HeadquartersUS Air Force WashingtonDC 20330-5000 I February 1990 Flying FLIGHT MANAGEMENT This regulation sets policy for managing Air Force flying resourcesand gives guidancethat applies to adminislering flight management,aircrew training, and aircrew evaluation proErams.This regulation implementsDOD Directive I340.4,17 July 1972.It appliesto all US Air Forceflight managers,command- ers of flying units, and aircrew personnel,including US Air Force Reserve (USAFR) and Air National Guard (ANG). This regulation requires the collectionand or maintenanceof information protectedby the Privacy Act of 1974.The ai,rthoritiesto collectand maintain the recordsprescribed in this regulationare in 10U.S.C. 80I3 and 37 U.S.C.30|a. PrivacyAct Statementsrequired by AFR 12-85are in AF Forms922, 1520, 1521, and 1522. System of records notice F060 AF A, Air Force Operations ResourceManagement Systems (AFORMS),applies. Paragraph Page Chapter l-GENERAL INFORMATION SectionA-Responsibilities and Obligations Who Must Comply 1-:1 6 Responsibilitiesof HQ USAFiXQO 1-2 6 Responsibilitiesof MAJCOMs 1-3 6 ResponsibilitiesofSubordinate Commands 1-4 6 ResponsibilitiesofFlying Personnel l-D 7 FlyingObligations 1-6 WaiverDue to CombatMission or NationalEmergency . 7-7 I SectionB-Flight Authorization Aircraft Flight euthorizations 1-8 7 Authorizationfor Using USAir ForceAircraft . . 1-9 I Authorizationto PerformInflight Dutiesin Air ForceAircraft ...... 1-10 8 Authorizationto PerformInflight Dutiesin Non-Air ForceAircraft . . . 1-11 I Requirementsfor Pilots in DualControlled Aircraft 1-r2 o Performanceof Pilot Duties by GeneralOfficers 1-13 I SectionC-Flying by Military Personnelof ForeignNations in US Air ForeeAircraft Air ForcePolicy 1-14 I FlightAuthorizations . ... 1-15 10 SupersedesAFRs 60-1,28 May 1985,and 60-190,3 August 1983.(See signature page for summary of changes.) No.of Printed Pages: 66 OPR:XOOTW (Maj JohnJ. Cortese) Approvedby: Brig Gen Philip W. Nuber Writer-Editor; L. J. Mazulewicz Distribution:F M-5. I AFR 60-l(Cr) ^ MaY ll 1 h. Make sure that aircrewmembers comply l-6. Flying Obligations: with crew rest proceduresand flight duty limita- a. In Time of War. Air Force members on tions in this regulation(chapter 7). active duty may be ordcred to make flighlr in i. Set up an FCIF for aircrew membersto any aircraft. They are not entitled to incentive ensure adequate preparation for safe flieht. pay unless placed on aeronauticalorders that Make sure the FCIF is in a place rcadily require taking part in frequent and regular accessibleto both assignedand attachedaircrews flights. Membersare'not entitlcd to such pay if before flight. suspcndedby the Prcsidcnt37 U.S.C. 301(d) or j. Review the recordsof eachindividual who 30la(c). has not completed requirementsfor the prcced- b. In Timc of Peace: ing training period and if desired, assign thc (l) Air Force memberson active duty may proper PQI (paraeraph4-5e). be ordered to make official flights when in thc (l) If requirementsare not complete be- best interest of thc Air Force. They are not cause of circumstancesbeyond the individud's entitled to inccntivc pay unless placed on aero- control, assign qualification status code 3. No nauticel orders that require them to perform firther action is required unlessthought neces- specific inflight duties on a frcquent and regular sary by thc MAJCOM. basis, i.c., fly a minimum of four hours pcg (2) If requirementsare not complete be- month. causethe individual did not take advantagcof (a) Membcrs who are properly qualified available opponunities or demonstrateda lack and directed to perform specific inflight duties, of flying aptitude that makcs his or her flying not on a frequent and regular basis, may be status questionable, assign qualification status ordercd to do so using a flight authorization. code 4. The individual must then appearbefore ft) Members not ordered to perform in- a flying evaluation board as directed in AFR flight duties must fly only in passengerstatus on 60-13. commcrcial or military aircraft with adequate (3) If a flight surgeon fails to complete facilitics for transporting passengers. requirements,send a memorandumthrough the (2) A commander may detail (by written Command Surgeonto HQ AF/SGPA noting the orders) personnelof the command to take part actiontaken. in aircraft flights operated by any forcign gov- ern$rent accredited by the United States, pro- vided flights do not add more expense to thc 1-5. Responsibilltiesof Flying Personnel.Flyrng govcrflfllent, and provided personnel are on personnelmust: ordersthat requirethem to takc part in frequent a. Comply with the minimum requirementsof and regularflights. this regulation. b. Safely and effectivelyuse flying resources l-7. Waiver Due to Combrt Mission or Na- madeavailable to them. tional Emergency,MAJCOM commandersmay c. Validate their record of flying accomplish- waive any requiremcntsof this regulation when ments. necessaryto carry out a combat misSiOn or d. Make sure that the Hose OperationsSys- during a stateof nationd emergency. tems Managcrncnt (HOSM) Office maintaining their Flight Records Folder (FRR is awarc of SectionB-Ftight Authorizrtion any impending permanent change of station (PCS) move. The HOSM must know the pro- l-8 Aircrsft Flight Authorizetions. Command- posed departure date, date of last flight before crs issuewritten authorizations documentine Air depaiture, and date thc individual will pick up Force aircraft flights, using the format sclcctcd thc FRF. by the MAJCOMs. MAJCOM commandersmay e. Pick up their FRF beforedeparture. approvethe useof local forms that have at least f. Turn in their FRF to the proper HOSM as the esscntialelement$ prescribed below. soon as possiblc after arriving at a new duty a. As a minimum, flight authorizations: station. This also applies to aircrew members (l) Designatethc pilot in comrnand or for- assigrredto inactivc flying positions. mation flight leader of each flight or flight 'g. Maintain medical qualification and certili- element.The pilot so designated,rcgardless of cation, and may participete in aviation duties rank or aeronauticalrating, commands aII pcr- only when properly clearedby a flight surgeon sonsaboard the aircraft or othcr membersof the who has full knowledgeof their medicalstatus. formation. AA-5.2 rt, , Qo-r,.r, zoMay leer NOTE: MAJCOMs must set proceduresfor the (3) Allow aircrews to meet the flying re- assumption of command by a flight cxaminer, quirementsof this regulation. should performanceby the examineeso warranl- (4) Evaluateaircrew performance. (2) Make knowtt, in advancc, the pilot re' (5) Further national hcalth, safety, or inter- sponsiblefor a formation flight in the event of est. an ebort by the primary flight leader. (5) Save human life if a medical officer (3) Must have: indicatcsthe situation involves possibleloss of (a) The natne, grade, SSN, and crew lifc, limb, or sight (DOD Rcgulation position of each aircrcw memberand the inflight 4515.13-R). duty of cach support flicr. (7) Cooperate with foreign goveraments as NOTE; If thc authorizatiotr concerns Reserve directcd by HQ usAF. personnelnot on extendedactive duty, it must (8) Perform other official missions as re- carry the following statement; "Pcrson's natne' quired. or word 'Pcrsonnel,' (is) (are) subjectto provi- sions of the Uniform Code of Military Justice l-10 Authorization to Perform Inflight Duties while pcrforming this duty." in Air Force AJrcraft: ' The type and, whcn practical, serial ft) a. A person may not perform duties in Air number and call sign of the aircraft or forma' Force aircraft unless specifically authorized and tion. physically and physiologically qualified. Unit (c) Place from which the flight will start commandersmay restrict individuals from per- plus departuredate. "on*or-about" forming inflight duties in the unit aircraft when (d) phrase The itinerary, and the "Vatia- such pcrformance may adversely impact safety, tions in itinerary authorized." morde, or missionaccomplishment. Command- (e) Mission (include proper.missionsym- ers may authorize the following to perform bol). aircrew and operational support dutics in Air (0 The PEID, indicating the prograrn Force aircraft; elementagainst which the flying hour re$ources (l) Qualifiedmembers of the US Air Force, wereallocated for the flight. Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force Reserve, (4) Direct the return to the placc of origin Air National Guard, or Coast Guard of the and the "on-or-about" return date. United States who hold a current acronaufical (b) Verbal authorization may direct an air- rating, and are on aeronautical orders to take craft flight only when time or administrative part in frequentand regular flights. procedures prevent writtcn authorization. Issue (2) Noruated officers and enlisted members written confirmation of verbal authorization as of US military serviceson aeronauticalorders soon as possibleaccording to the above. required to perform mission essentialinflight duties on a full time basis as an aircrew mem- l-9. Autborlzetion for Using US Air Force ber. Aircraft. Commanders may authorize a flight if . (3) Operationalsuppon memberson aero- it is essential to support comrnand operations. nautical orders required to perform essential Commanders must not, howevcr, exceed flying specific inflight duties on an occasional'basis, hour dlocations without specificapproval. that cannot be accomplished by regularly as- a. Commanders must also make sure that signedcrew members. each flight is in the direct interest of 6overn- (4) Personnel authorized by competent au- ment busincss. Flights for persond convenience thority to receiveinstruction in aircrew duties at or recrcation are not authorizcd. Air Force schools. b. The transponation of passengersand cargo (5) Profcssiondly qualificd civilian employ- will be in accordancewith DOD Regulation ees of the US government- MAJCOM com- 4515.13-R. Orientation flights may be approved mandersdctermine individual qualifications. as providedin Regulation4515.13-R and DOD (6) Qualified employeesor prospcctiveem- relatedcorrespondence. ployees of a Covernment contractor according c. Comrnanders may use Air Forcc aircraft to the terms and conditionsof a current Govern- under their control to: ment contract. (l) Perform tactical and combatoperations. (7) Foreign nationals according to section (2) Train aircrewpersonnel. c. AA-5. 3 49 A-FR 60-f(Cf) 1' rdaY l9- ChaPter? CREW REST AND FLIGTIT DUTY LIMITATIONS c. AugmentedAircrew' A basic aircrew sup- ?-1. Background luformstion' This chapter cx' plementedby additional aircrew members to plains hoi rcst periods and mardmum flying perrnit inflight rcst periods. As a minitnum, an irours for aircrew membcrs in Air Force aircraft who augmentedcrew provides for inflight rcst for are prescribed. It applies to all pcrsonnel pilots, navigators,and flight engineersif these opcrate US Air Force aircraft' aircrew membersare authorized and required for the aircraft or missionbeing performed' 7-2. Air Force PolicY: Aircrew positions as cx- a. Aircrew members must reccivE adcquatc d. Basic Aircrew. technical ordcr for the aircraft rest. Thc prime factors in determining adcquate plaincd in thc iri *..t tt e totat duty period, the amount of concerned. period sleep before the day's activity, and the number *e. Crew Rest Period. The crew rest is period of hours flown during the current month' Thc the non-dutyperiod before the flight duty number and tyle of additional duties, planned begins. Its purpose is to allow aircrews the perform' frce time, and adequacy of crew rest facilities opportunity to get adequatcrest beforc arc additional factors. ing in-flight duties.Crew rest is free time' which b. This chaptcr gives both the minimum and initudcs timc for meals, transportation, and rest' maximum restrictions allowable' MAJCOM Restis definedas the condition which allows an comtnandcrs determine whether flight duty timc individual the opportunity to sleep. Air Force or flying time should bc restricted further or aircrews require at least eight hours of uninter' whether crew rest periods should be extended'In rupted rc$ during the twelve hours immediately dctermining this, they must consider the fatigu- priot to the beginning of the flight duty pcriod' ing cffects of wcathcr, cxtrcmes of temperature' Thesecight hours of uninterrupted rest must bc complexity of mission requirements,types of continuous.When an aircrcw member remains aircraft flown, impaired crew rest, circadian at the airfield after flying duties to perform rhythm effect fict lag), mission delays, and official duties,the crew rest period begins aftcr restrictive PersonalcguiPment. terminationof thcseduties- (l) Crew RestInterruptions; The main goalsof restric- 7-3. Main Objectives. (a) Official: Any official business re- tions are to sPecifY: quiredof an aircrew memberinterrupts the crew flight duty periodsfor a. Maximum allowable rest period. This includesofficial businesscon- crews. basic and augmented ducted on the tclephone. If, during thc twelve and quartcrly flying b. Maximum monthly hour period, crew rest is interruptcd so tltat an hours for aircrews. individual cannot get cight hours of uD'intcr- crew rest c. Minimum Periods' rupted rest, the individual must be afforded requisite to waiver require' d. Conditions eight more hours of uninterrupted rest, plus ments. reesonabletime to drcss, cat, travel, etc. It is not the intent of the crew rest policy to author- 7-4. Terms ExPlained: iee routine interruptions of the crcw rest period' The full complementof a. Aircrew or Crew- Any interruption must be made-orrlyundcr the enlisted membcrs required to opcr' officers and most Exceptionalcircumstances. atc an aircraft and to complete an assigncd O) Unofficial; Intcrruptions that arc un- mission. AFR 173-13 lists authorized aircrew official must be consideredby the individual so composition. that the intent of crew restis met. b. Aircrcw Member. An individual who meets (2) Responsibilities- All USAF aircrews all the following standards: rest requirements,regardless (l) Is an aircrew member as explained in are subjectto crew 'When position' crew rest is AFR fr0-13. of rank or dutv it is the member's (2) Is assignedto a position listed in AFR violated for an individual, to inform his/her supewisor and r?3-l3; responsibility from the flight scheduleuntil (3) Is designatedon orders to fulfill specific removethemselves are satisfied' aeronauticaltasks. the aboveconditions AA-s.4 50 f. Flight Duty Period. A period that starts b.Do no, ,,n*auL'l'llll' r"::T#:: when an aircrew reports for a mission or brief- crewflight duty periodsrequiring sleepingprovi- ing and ends r+'henengines are stopped at the sions unless such provisions are actually avail- end of a missionor a seriesof missions. able in the aircraft. EXCEPTION: See table (l) When an aircrew member performs offi- 7-1. cial duties before a mission, compute the flight c. Aircrew membcrswho have receivedmedi- duty period from the timc the memberreports to cal care or who have engagedin activities that work or reports for an assignedmission, which- may reduce crew efficieney are scheduledto fly evcr is earlicr. only with the concurrence of a flight surgeon. (2) For crew rest purposes, dcadhead time *d. Aircrew memberswill not fly: is computedas flieht duty time. If inflight duties (l) Within 24 hours of compressedgas are performcd by the deadheadaircrew member diving (includingscuba, surface supplied diving, before entering crew rest, paragraph c above or hlperbaric (compression)chamber exposure) applies. and aircraft pressurizationchecks that excced l0 *(3) Crew rest is required to start and tard minutesduration. aircraft. (2) Within 12 hours afrer completion of a g. Slceping Provisions. Provisions available hlpobaric (altitude) chamber flight abovc 2j,000 when crew bunks or suitable substitute rest feet. Personnelmay fly as passengersin aircraft facilitiesare aboard the aircraft. during this period, providing the planned mis- sion will maintain a cabin altitude of 10,000feet 7-5. Alert Duty. MAJCOMs cstablishalert and MSL or less. compensatoryperiods in keeping with mission (3) Within 72 hours after donating blood. rcquirements. The flying unit commander must approve the donation of blood by crewmembersin a mobility assignmentor who are subject to flying duties 7-6. Minimum Crew Rest Pcriod. The minimum within this 72 hour pcriod. Restrict all othcr srew rest period is 12 hours. This may be activc flicrs who donate blood from flying until reducedto 8 hours if required by the curriculum clcaredby a flight surgeon. of aircrewtraining coursesin AFM 50-5. (a) Within 12 hours afrer consuming alco- holic leverages. 7-7. Mnximum Flylng Tlme. One hundrcd twcnty-five hours logged flight rimc per 30 7-10. Welver Authority. Procedures in this consecutivcdays and 330 hours per 90 consecu- chaptermay be waivcd tive days. by the; a. IvIAICOM commander, Chief of thc US Air Force Rescrve(USAFR), or Director of Air 7-8. Maximum Fligbt Duty Periods (Table 7-l): National Guard (ANG), if the mission priority a. In all aircraft, when only one pilot is justifies the increasedrisk. At the discretionof aboard, a 12 hour ma:rimum flight duty period the MAJCOM commander, Chief of the applies. USAFR, or Director of ANG, this may bc b. Flight publicationsdescribe procedures for delcgatedto commanderswho have the author- loss of pressurization,loss of oxygen, loss of ity to cxecutethe mission. control of cockpit temperature,inoperative auto- b. Thcater commandcr during impending or pilot, and othcr inflight malfunctions or emer- actual hostilities. genciesthat restrict flight duration and contrib- ute to aircrew fatigue. Such limitations in flight publication that apply take precedenceover less *Trble 7*1. Meximum Flight Duty periods restrictivcstandards in this regulation. (Hours). c. Aircraft commandersmust end a flieht if safety may be compromisedby fatigue factors, Basic Augmcnted Typc Aircraft regardlessof authorizedflight duty periods. Aircrew Aircrew Fighto, Attack or Reconnaissancc Sinrle Control t1 7-9. ScbedulingRestrlctions: Dusl Control 12 16r a. Aircrews will not pcrform flight duty until Bombcror Rcconnaissancc the requirementsof paragraph?-6 have been SingleControl l2 mct. Duel Conrrol 24 30 AA-5.5 I DEPARTMENTOF THE AIR FORCE AF REGULATIO}i60.I6 HcadquartcrsUS Air Forcc Washin4onDC 20330-5000 27January 1992 Flytne GENERAL FLIGHT RUTES This rcgulation prcscribesgcncral flight nrlcs which govcrn the opcration of Air Form aircraft.flowl by Air Forcc pilots, pilots of other reryices,foreigp pilots, and civilian pilots. It appliesto Air Fore activitiesopcrating aircraft on loan or leasc,to the extcnt stipulatcd in thc loan or lcaseagrEcment, and to Air National Guard (ANG) and US Air Forcc Reserve(USAFR) unis snd members.Addrcss questionscoucerning this regulation to the US Air Forcc Instrument Flight Center,Instrument StandardsDivision (USAF IFC/IS), Randolph AFB TX 78150-500t.Sce attachmcnt I for a list of termsand abbrcviations. NOTE: The repofts in this directive are exeErptfrom liccnsing accordingto AFR 4-38,paragraph 2-3. Paragraph Page ChapterI -General Information GeneralConcepts I-I 4 ComplianceWith This Rcgulation r-2 4 EncrgyCouservation .... l-3 4 Deviationsand Waivcrs l-4 Rcportsof Dcviations .. . . . l-5 4 Rcportsof Violations.. . .. I{ 5 DimensionalUnit.. r-7 5 Improvcment Rccommcndations I-8 5 Dispositionof Records ....;. r-9 5 Chapter2-Prcflight Requiremeuts Prcflight Plenning 2-l AF Form 70, Pilot's Flight Plau and Flight Log .. 2-Z Computer-GcneratedFlight Plans z-3 Fucl Requircrncnts. 24 WeathcrInformation 2-5 Bricl-rngs 24 Prohibitions 2-7 EquipmentRcquired for Flight 2,8 SafeguardingClassifi ed Equipment 2-9 Chapter3-Flight Plansand Procedures Flight Plan Requiremcnt. 3-r 9 Usc of Flight Plans. 3-Z 9 Completing Flight Plans . 3-3 9 Stopover Flights 3-4 9 Proccduresfor Flight Plan Filing (Departure, En Route, and Arrival) 3-5 9 Flight Plan Changes.... 3'6 9 Departing a Nonmilitary Installation J-I l0 Closingthc Flight Plan . 3-8 l0 SupersedesAFR 60-16,3 March 1989.(See signature pagc for summaryof changes.) No. of Pnnted Pages:34 OPR: USAF IFC/IS (Lt Col R. Thiele) Approvedby: HQ USAF/XOO (Brig Gen M. Ervin) Editor:S. Vogel Distribution;F AA-5. 6 Ph.- HrcyeJr fr AFR 60-16 27JanuarY 1992 CheptcrI GENERALINFORMATIOI{ (3) Ovcr the sovereignterritory of anyforeign l-1. Generrl ConcePts: nation as modified by spccial notices and a, US Air Forcc aircraft are operatedworldwidc proccdurespublishcd in FLIP. Theatercommand- undcr rulesand proceduresthat may involvcmany ers ensurethe contentsof FLIP show thc nrlcs standardsand conllicting requiremcnts. eachnation within their area of rcsponsibility b. Although the Intcrnatioual Civil Aviation of if thoserules diffcr from this regulation. Organization(ICAO), an affiliatc of thc United b. of US Air Forcc aircraft arc also Nations, hclps to standardizeand rcgulate Operations governcdby proccduresand special notices in intcrnationalcivil aviation,ICAO mcmbersere not ClearanqeGuide (FCG), compclled to conform to its standardsand FLIP, the USAF Foreign to (NOTAM), aircraft flight recommendcdpractices (SARP). Notices Airmcn and technicaiorders (l) Eachmember nation, however, Eust make manuals,Air Forcedirectives (TO), and air traffic control known any ICAO proccdurcit takesan cxccption MAJCOM dircctives, (ATC) (Seeattachment 2 for related to and publish its alternateprocedure' What that instructions. mcmber does to modify, rcject, or conform to publications.) bitle. thi$regulation ICAO standardsconstitutes that nation'srules of ^,.' A MAJCOM may supplement apply only to pilots thc air. bfiublishing restrictionsthat command. (2) The Air Force supportsthe activitiesof or aircraft assignedor attachcdto that IFC/ ICAO and, military missionpcrmitting, complies Sendone copy of the supplementto USAF with ICAO SARPs in intcrnationalairspacc over IS, RaudolphAFB TX 78150'5001. for thc high seas. d.. ANG units should refer to ANGR 0-2 of c. Each nation prescribesthe rules that apply specificguidance concerning the applicability to operatingaircraft in its sovereignairspace. The this regulationand MAJCOM supplements'The FcderalAviation Administration(FAA) prescribes National Guard Bureau performs functions for thcserules for the United Statesand issucsthem ANG units. as Fcdcral Aviation Regulations(FAR). FARs \n 54(J-3) apply to both civil and military aircraftoperations An Energy fonssrvrtion. It is Air Force policy unless the FAA grants the military servicean Idtonserveaviation fuel whenit doesnot adversely excmption or the FAR specificallyexcludes affect training, flight safety, or operational military operations. readiness.Each MAJCOM must establishan and conscrvationprogram to d. The FARs Bovern Air Force pilots, and energy awareness nothing in this regulationrelieves the pilot of thc conserve cncrgy consistent with mission rcsponsibility to follow them. To provide a requirements. commonreference source, this regulationcombines often used ICAO SARPs, FARs, and those l-4. Deviationsand Waivers.USAF IFC/IS will military directives that apply to opcrating Air authorize deviations from this regulation only Force aircraft. when: e. For specificinformation on the requiremcnts NOTE: An ATC clearanceis not authority to of a singleICAO memberthat are morerestrictive deviatefrom this regulation. than the procedurcsoutlincd here, refcr to the a. An emergencyor spccialcircumstance exists appropriate section of the flight informetion or for the protectionof lives. publication(FLIP) planningdocumcnts' b. Necessaryto comply with a MAJCOM trainingdirective. ,,1.,'e\(fl waiver requestto l-2. ComplienceWith This Regulrtion: ' Scnd the MAJCOM a. This regulation, as supplcmentedby major USAFIFC/lS, RandolphAFB TX 78150'5001. commands (MAJCOM), governs the operation of (?) If an operatinntequires a deviationfrom Air Force aircraft: a FAR, sendthe original and threecopies of FAA (l) In the Unitcd States,its territories,and Form771l-2, Application for Certificatcof Waiver possessions. or Authorization,through military command (2) In international airspaceover the high channelsto USAF IFC/IS, who forwardsthe form scas. to the FAA. tt Ud -*r $,t l.d A,F"iiy r3 AFR 60'15 27 JanuerY1992 ChePter5 GENERALFLIGHT RULES not 5-{. Formrtion Flight: 5.1. Opcrationrl Strndards' Pilots Eust hnsr\ (ANonstanderd Formrtion Flight. Pilots may Forcc aircraft in a carclessor reckless operatc Air coituct noustandardformation flights as specified . end.angerlife or proPerty' Eanner or in attachmentI or whenoperating under VFR' must not act as a crewmemberof a. A person b. TrrnsponderOperatlons During Formstion an aircraft: Flight. Unless otherwise specified in Allied the influenceof alcohol or (l) While under CommunicationsPub[cation 160,US Supplcment 1: pErson may its aftercffects'Additionally, no (l) During a standardformation flight, one during a l2'hour consutf,c'alcoholic bevcrages aircraft (normally rhe lead) squawks the proper while flying as a pcriod prior to takeoff or codewhile all othcrssquawk standby. crewmember. AE(.-up\ ott aircraft within a nonstandard forma- a @ (2) While under the influcnceof or using tiou il-ightwill squawk the ATC-assigned Mode perform drug that affectshis or hcr abilityto safely 3A/C bcaconcodc until establishedwithin the assigncdduties. assigncdaltitudc block and closcdto thc ProPer (3) lf his or her physicalcondition is suspect en route intervat. Unless otherwise directed by or known to bc detrimentalto safety' ATC, when aircraft intcrval excecds3 NMs, both under the the 1tt1 al1g1aft u'ill b. Any Pcrson who is obviously the formation leader and code' in{luencc of intoxicants or narcotics must not squawkthe assignedModc 3,{/ C beacon the receiver board an Air Force aircraft excePt: (3) During refueling, when aircraft, (l) In an emergency' formationis within 3 NMs of the tanker unlessthe (2) Whcn in patientstatus under proPercare thc receiverformation squawks standby specifiesdifferent distances' or when exceptionalcircumstances exist and no flight manual ..,,*r\ c,l rJJ, i compromiseof safctyis anticipated' _ Rules.Usually, right-oGway is c. Crcwmembersmust occupy their assigned S5. Right-of'Wry givcnto the aircraft leastable to maneuver, which duty stations from takeoff to landing, unless normally permitsthat aircraft 1o maintain course abscnccis normal in thc performanceof crew and specd.However, visibility permitting, each duties. , I i pilot take whateveraction is necessaryto l lrz r::'' must n'rr(s,,f - avoid collision, regardlessof who has the right- +2:'t.e and Avoid- Whcn weatherconditions of-way. When another aircraft has the right-of- pcrmit, regardlessof u'hetherafl oPerationis under ' way,thc yielding aircraft must not passover' under, VFR, uselhc "seeand avoid" conccpt' IFR or abeam,or ahcad of thc other aircraft until q'ell clear. Pilotsmust not fly an 5-3. Proximity of Aircrrft. r. Distress.Aircraft in distresshave the right- that it createsa collision aircraftso close to another of-wayover all other air traffic' (well clear) as haeard. Use 500 ft of scparation b. Converging'When converging at apProxi- an approximatcguide excePt for: metcly thc samc altitude (except head-on or a. Authorizedformation flights' approximatelyso), the aircraft to the other's right b. Command-approvcdmaneuvers in which has the right-of-way' Aircraft of different catego- cach participant is fully aware of the nature of ries havc the right-otway in the following order the maneuvcrand qualified to conduct it safely of priority: (for example,interceptor attack training)' (l) Balloons. NOTE: If an emergencyrequires visual checksof (2) Gliders. an aircraft in distress,it is extrcmcly important (3) Aircraft towing or refuelingorher aircraft' to ensurethis actiondoes not incrcasethe ovcrall (4) Aushrps. aircraft' hazard (see paragraph l'4a)' Thc pilot must (5) Rotary or fixed-wing If ai rcraft are carcfullyconsider thc capabilitiesof the distressed c. ApproechingHead-On. eachother head-on or approximately aircraft and the intentionsof the crews involved approaching its courseto rhe right- beforeoperating near another aircraft in flight' so, cachahers AA-5.74 t4 or^Q, 1 )nurryree? d. Ovcrtrking Aircrrft. An ovcrtaken aircraft (3) Neccssaryto maintain thc minimum safc has thc right'oFway. The overtakingaircraft must airspccdas speciliedin the aircraft flight mauual. altcr its courseto the right. (4) Rcquired by ATC and permitted by hosr c. Lrnding. Once on final approach,an aircraft nation rules. has thc right-of-way ovcr other aircraft on thc d. Not cxcced 200 KIAS in an airport traffic gxound or in the air, exccpt when two or morc arca unlcssauthorizcd by ATC, thc airport traffic within a tcrminal (TCA), airsraft arc flpproachiug to land. In this casc,the area is control arca or aircraft at the lower altitude has thc right-of-way rcquired to maintain the minimun safe mf,neu- vcring airspeed specified in the aircraft flight if it does not use this advantageto cut in front of or ovcnake the othcr. manual. in the f. Wrtcr Opcrrtions. Rules for opcrating e. Maintain a specdof 200 KIAS or lcss VFR gircraft on or from the surfacc of watcr conform airspaccunderlying a TCA or in a corridor dcsignatcd through a TCA, unless rcquired to to marinc rules for opcrating vessels.Right-of-way maintain the minimum safe maneuveringairspced rulcs in paragraphsb, c, and d abovcapply cqually specificdin the aircraft flight manual. to weter operation without regardto the category f. Conduct holding at airspccds prescribed in of thc aircraft. If possible, aircraft operating on FLIP GencralPlanning, chapter 5. the surface of the water should kccp clcar of all vesselsand not impedethcir navigation. $t. Arer Nevigetion(RNAV). MAJCOMs may approvcthe use of RNAV systcEsthat Ecet the F6. Comrnunicrtionin Flight: accuracytolerances in FAA Advisory Circular 90- a Pilots should cstablishand maintaintwo-way 45. Tbc MAJCOM will notify USAF IFC/IS of radio communications with the propcr ATC the typc of aircraft and system approved for facility or FSS if possible. RNAV. b. Pilots ue responsiblefor cnsuringemcrgency frequcnciesare monitorcd at all timcs. F9, Lrnding Arer Rules.Pilots must not operate c. If radio communicationsfail in flight, the aircraft in an airport traffic arcaacxcept for takeoff control tower will useATC light signalsto control and landing, unless specifically authorized or radio-out aircraft approaching the airport for dhccted by thc controlling agency. landing (seethc Flight Information Handbook). r. Trkeoll rnd Lending. If the airport has an opcratingcontrol tower: Specd.Pilots must: S?. Aircrdt (l) Thc pilot must reccive clearance from ebove Mach I exccPtas a. Not opcrate at or ATC beforetaxiing, takeoff, or landing. AF spccificd in AFR 55-34. They must complcte (2) The control towcr normally determines for eachsupersonic Form l2l, Sonic Boom Log, takeoff and landing dircction (sce AFR 60-5). sortie accordingto AFR 55-34. When a no-wind condilion cxi$ts,thc pilot may b. When operatingin US sovcrcignairspacc, not rcguest thc runway favorcd by shortcr taxi (KIAS) excced250 knots indicatedairspced bclow distances(or other local considcrations).Whcn no 10,000 ft mcan sea level (MSL), unlcss the towcr is available,the pilot mey takc off or land MAJCOM hasapproved a higberspccd according on the runway most nearly aligned into the wind. to thc FAR 9l.l l7(a) excmption.(See attachment (3) Unless specific restrictions arc given, a 3 for Air Forcc aircraft spccd authorizations.)Be clearanceto taxi to a specific runway mcans tbe awerc that this is a maximum speed unless aircraft may taxi across all other nrnways and cstablishcdin a military operationsarea (MOA), taxiways, but it must not taxi across or on thc rcstricted area, approvcd military training route assiped ruuway. (MTR), or during precoordinatedexercises or (4) After landing, the pilot must not use a spccialmissions. runway to taxi unlessspccific clcarauceis reccivcd. c. Not cxcced250 KIAS below 10,000ft MSL NOTE: This docs not prcvcnt aircraft rollout to whcn opcrating outside US sovercignainpace thc cu{ of $c landingrunway. unlcss: ;u\ u.:ttifii'l,ttrt Trkeoff,iow Approrchcs,or (l) Mission requirementsdictate speeds ClosedPrtterns. Pilots must not turn aircraft after exceeding250 KIAS and operationsare in a tal(coff, touch and go, or low approach until internationalairspace. at lcast 400 ft abovc ground level (AGL), at a safe (2) ICAO or host nation rulespermit aircraft airspeed,and pastthe departureend ofthe runway spccdsovcr 250KIAS. (if visiblc)unlcss: AA-5. I I l5 AFR 60-16 27.rrnuarY l>'r (l) Spccificallycleared by the controlling 5-10.Attitude Requirements.Except for takeoff oPcratc agcDcy' or lauding,pilots must not aircraft: (2) SafctYdictates otherwise' a" Below a safe altitude, ct(ccpt tu6st1laaking landing (for example,an engine (3) RequiredbY local Proccdures' an emergency NOTE: Thc 400-ftAGL restrictiondoes not apply failureor other mechanicalmalfunction) without persons propertyon the surface. to closedDatterus. unduehazard to or ,u t,t'e.1filtFrtc Prftlrn Procedurts.PiJots must: b. Under VFR above3,000 ft AGL at altitudes (l) At Air Forcc instdlations,fly the traffic or flight levelsother than thosc specifiedin FLIP, ' exccptwhile turning or holdingin a holdingpettern Fattcm prcscribcdin AFR 55-48or publishcdin FLIP, unlessotherwise directed' of 2 minutcsor less. (2) At other than Air Forceinstallations, fly c. Over congestedareat (cities,towns, settlc- ments) or of peoplc if thc altitude does traffic Pattern$as dirccted by the control tower Eroups or publishcdin FLIP. not cnsure at least 1,000 ft above the h.ighcst (3) At airporu with no control towcr, follow obstaclewithin a 2,000-ft radius of thc aircraft. the standard light signalsor visual indicators that d. Ovcr noncongestcdareas at an altitude of ' prescribc thc direction of traffic and landing lessthan 500ft abovethe surfeccexcept over open runwey. Departuresmust conply with the water, in MTRs, or in sparselypopulated areas. 'Visual appropriate route for thc airports. (See Undcr such exceptions,pilots must not operatc Indicators at Uncoutrollcd Airports" in the aircraft closcr than 500 ft to any pcrson, vessel, Airman's Information Manual for dctailed vehicle,or $tructure. description.) (l) The FAA requestspilots maintain a (4) Whcn flying belicopters,avoid the flow minimum of 2,000 ft above the terrain of thc of fixed-wing aircraft. Hclicoptcrs that have a following areas: national parks, monuments, compatible airspced may fly in the rectangular seashores,lakeshores, rccrcation areas, and sctuic pattem. riverways administcrcd by thc National Park d. Helicopttr Lending Aress.Helicopters may Service;national wildlifc refuges,big gamerefuges, operatefrom otherthan establishedlanding areas gameranges, and wildliferefuges administered b1' , (ficlds,highways, Parks, etc.) if: the US Fish and Wildlife Service;and wilderness (l) A military requircmentexists, the user and primitive areasadministered by the US Forest reccivespcrmission to use the area for landing, Service.This restrictionis not applicablcto special- safeguardsexist to pcrmit operations without useairspace, Iow-altitude tactical navigation areas, hazard to pcrsons or proPerty, and no legal andMTRs. Higheraltitudes may existfor specific objcctionsare apparent. areas.(See AP/lB, FAA Advisory Circular 90- (2) The pilot uses a helicopterin rcscue 36,aud sectionalaeronautical charts.) operations. (2) Helicoptersor aircraft used to conduct @ tttightoperetions. A pilot must not conduct approvedaircraft flight tcstsmay operateet lower u'^,ce.f" flight operationsbetween the hours of official altitudesthan the minimums in paragraphsc and sun$etand official sunriseunless the runway is d aboveif they do not createa haeardto persons outlincd with lights and clcarly disccrniblc. In or propcrty on the surface.During test, acc€pt- Alaska and other arcas located norlh of 600 ancc, or researchflights conducted bclow 1,500 latitude, the pilot may oPcratc the afucraft to ft AGL, single cngine helicopters must remain unlighted airports during the pcriod of civil within autorotationdistance of a cleararca- t+ t..rffilfrin twilight, as publishcdin the Air Almanac' *r designateddisaster arca. Disaster " NOTE: MAJCOMs sct illunination requircmcnts ereas arc listed in NOTAMs. Exceptions are for helicoptcrlanding aleas not alrcadycstablished permittedwhen an aircraft is; in-l other- ---l:r-il.:-J-' directives.--- (l) Aidine in airbornerelief for the area. :tt 1-'t\f. lehilih'C Gerr ReportingProcedures. Pilots (2) Goine to or from an airport in the area, Eust rcport *gear down" to the ATC agcncyor but docsnot hampcr or endangerrelicf activities. runway supcrvisoryunit after extending the (3) On a flight that has been specifically landing gcar. ThcS' rnurt telce this report bcfore clcered by ATC, crossingthe runwaythreshold' This is mandatory for anyapproach to an airport.Pilots flying aircraft 5-Il. Low Altitude Operations.Fixed-wing with fixed landinggear are not rcquiredto make aircraftflying point to pointabove 250 KIAS below a'gear down'report. 10,000ft MSL must adhereto paragraph5-7. . rl / ytl'f\ h-\ Ll!': AA-5.9 ACCR51-50 Volume 2? B-52AIRCREW TRAINING By HO ACC/DOTO-B I January 1993 t ACCR-51-50 Volume 2. ,Cl) I L*.-rbcr| 993 9 criteria).Remarks are requiredfor an1'devialion front c. AFORMS: The instructor must sign the scheduled activif.v. (l) AF Form 35?6, AFORMS OpticalMark Rcndcr flight trainingTAR is reviewedat completedTAR. The Event AccomplishmentReport (OMAR) is used lo revien' panel or training flight to the unit mission annotalecontinuation training accomplishcd.OMARs and to ensureit has bccn validatethe information arerevicwed b;l the missionreview panel. completedproperly. (2)The AF Form 1522. AFORMS Additional (3) qualificationand continuationtraining. For Training AccontplishmentInput (6TAR). or othcr if gradeof 3.0or bclowis given remarksare mandatory a approvedproduct,'is used lo documcntground training n'ill containsufficient comments to for any event.TARs (nG"evenls) activity. and trainingdevices. enablethe gainingunit to identiff slrenglhs.weakncsses. or trends. Instructors'commenls should enable thc (3) Units ere nol requircdlo load spccilrctrairrirrg mission review panel members and training flight eventsirrto AFORMS if thc unit is not taskcdfor tlrirt instructorsto identifr additionaltraining requiredand specilicmission (e g. Harpmn, HaveNap, ctc.) or docs ensurecontinuiry. The individualreceiving the training not possessthe equipment(e.9., SccurcVoice. Havc signsthe TAR concurringwith thecredited rctiviry. Quick.PAR. etc.) rcquired to accomplishthc cvertl. (4) A-fter completion of qualilication training (4)Unitsmay rcplace AFORMS'NO DATES" uitlr requirements.lhe closeoutTAR rvill be cenifiedby' tlrc eithcrtlrc datc of tlrc last FTU. CFIC.or FTC coursc chiefof trainingflight or squadroncommander, rtho u'ill equivalcnl accontplishmcnt,or thc Unit Mission includea writlen rynopsisof the training lo inclrrde Cerrification(G3{(l or G360)for thosecourses not listcd. strengthsand weaknesses.A copy of lhe TAR u'ill bc (5) Unlcssothcnvisc specificd. unils may' rcplace "NO uscdto establishevenl currcnry duc datcs. DATES" for nerr'lyl*'icd CT rcquircrnentswith tlrc dirte (5) FTU will cstablishproccdures for schcduling. the ncwrequircnrent is effcctivc. documenting, revicwing. and filing TARs. Thc proccdurcsu'ill bc publishedin theCCTSS. Tablel-I. GRADII{GCRITERLA. Grede DescriDtion The studentr+as unable to performany of the requiredbchaviors statcd in the objective.Madc nmjor 1.0 errorsand omissions that made accomplishing the task ilnpossible. Has very limitcdtask knoulcdge. Instnrctorhad to explainand demonstrate the lask. Thestudent perfornred verl'fcu'requircd bchaviors staled in thc objcctivcr+ithout errors or onrissions. t.5 Haslimitcd knou'ledge about the task.Can bcgin the taskbut performancedetcriorates quickll'arrd elitensiveinstructor interaction is rcrlrriredto maintainsafe task acconrplishmcnt. The studentperformed some requiredbchaviors staled in the objcctivcu'ith significentcrrors or 2.0 deviationslhat *cre notcorrected. Has a basicunderstanding of thc task.Instructor intervention u'as renuiredto maintainsafe task accomDlishmcnt even under idcal conditions. The studerrlperformed mosl b€haviors slalcd in theobjective with errorsand dcviations.Has sulTicicrtl 2.5 knowledgeabout the task.Can performthe lasksafely with linritcdassistancc and frequentinstntctor coaching. The studentperformed all bchaviorsstalcd in thc objectivewith sonreerrors and dcviationsthal u'crc 3.0 not corrcfled.Instruclor provided coaching for smoothpcrformance bul not for safctyrcquircnlcnts. The sludentcan perform under idcal condilions brrl would havc dilTicrrltv undcr advcrse conditions. pcrformed all statcdin the 3.5 The fludent bchaviors objeclivewith minor crrors and dcviationsthat \\'crc corrected.Can performtask safcll'uith no inslnrctorassistancc Considcred Prollcicnl (P). The studentperformcd all bchaviorsstatcd in thc objccliver+'irhour crrorsor dcviationsand cxcccdcd 4.0 requiredproficiency. Performs the task safcli'u'ith no instructorinlcn'cntion,Can pcrforrl undcr adverseconditions. AA-5.2 t7 ACCR-5 1--{0 Volumc 2 - l ) I O' :r 1993 formal boarda satisfactor)'knor+'ledge of the squadron's regresscdto NMR stalus.thc squ;tdroncommandcr uill lv{R assignedmission. Board compositionuill bc esublished approvea programto bring thc crcumembcrup to by ttre SQ/CC. Desired compositionis SQ/CCor Ops standardsthat u'ill include training in dclinquenl areas O{Iicer (chairman). weapons. electronic combat, (sceparagraph 4-7b). intelligence,and plans representatives' * (2) Deficienciesin GCC Ln'el B or C cvctll (2) Continuationverification updates creurtembers requirementsat the end of thetraining qcle rrill resultirr on their squadron'suf,nime mission.Each cre*membcr regressionto n CCC Lrvcl for which all rcquircmcnts r*ill participatcin a squadroninitial or continuetion were met. Individualsu'ill maintain the GCC l-cvcl to verificationcvery tB monthsas a bricfer.board membcr, which they,rcgre$sfor a minimumof 30 days.At thc cnd or scminarparticiPant. of 30 days,the squadroncommandcr will accomplisha 'lookback.*an examinationof the individual'straining assignedlo nuclear g, Certification: Crewmembers for the previoussix months.lf hc dcterminesthat tltc per regulations. tasked units will ccfliry appropriatc training accomplishedduring the past six months is exemptfrom verification Crer+membcrswho ccrti['are proponionalto thet requiredfor thc originalGCC Ln'cl requircments. duringa six monthperiod. the individualmay bc rcslorcd to the originalGCC Ln'el (B or C;. 4{. Recurrencyand Regression: l. Recurrency: .t-5. ProratingTrrining Rcquircmcnts: ( I ) Individualsfailing to complcterecurring acadcmic * a. One hundrcd pcrcent of proratcd GCC fligltt requirementsere dclinquent in lhosc evcnts until requirementsfor assignedGCC Lrvel mustbc complclcd accomplished.Nucleer Surery training, G3fi)/NST must at thc end of the treining period. GCC l-cvcl C be accomplishedonce evcry 12 monthspcr AFR 122'l requirementsarc based on a fully frrndcd training (example:training accomplishedon t0 Aug must bc progremand may not be achievableat los'er progranl repeatedbeforc I Sep the follou'ingI'ear). lndividuels funding lcvels. The annual flf ing hour prognnr dclinquentin Nuclcar SuretyTraining (G300/NST) will (publishcd by HQ ACC/DOSB) contains thc currcnl not nuclearBenerate. pcrform alcrt duty' or haveaccess percenmgcof GCC L*'cl C programfunding. \+'eflpons.Repoa individualsdclinquent in to nuclear b. Individualand crew trainingevent requrrcmcnls (over30 days)in theunit TRP. academics maybe proreteddue to nonflyingTDY. DNIF or DNIA. (2) Individualsdelinquenl in one or moreMR flight emergencyleave, qual i ficationtraining complct ion. CFIC curenc] eventsare placed in supen'iscdstatus for thf,( or WS attendancc.changing to the SI or BQ training evenland dcclaredNMR. If lhe noncurrentitem is one level.moving bctween "1" and "E" stalus,or ntoving that is normally accomplishedduring a recurring from the SI levclto CCC LevclA. TRP minulesshould evaluation,a flight checkby a flight cxaminermay be includethe individual's name, ilcms proraled, and reason requircdper (b) or (c) belorv.Regaining currency is based for non+omplction.Pcriods of 5 day'sor less are nol on time elapscrlfrom the date the individual bcceme prorated.To dctcrmine prorated requirements-lirsl noncurTent: dcterminethe numbcr of months availablcat cach traininglevcl pcr Tablc1-1. Then, multipl;'lhe numbcr (a) 60 days. Training as directcd b;r the Up lo of monthsavailable by the eventrequirement and dividc commanderand a proficiencydemonstration of squadron by 6. Always round doun lo the nearcstrvhole numbcr the noncurrent to a like-specialtyinstruclor event butnot lcssthan onc (5.6 rounds lo 5). 60 daysto 365 days.Training as directedby the ft) Trble 4-1. PRORATION. squadroncommander. Individuals need to requaliffonly in eventsrequired by their traininglevel. Flight chcckby DrvsAveilehle MonthsAveilablc an evaluatoris requiredonly for norcurrenlilems that 30 or lcss () evaluation. wouldbe evaluatedduring an initial 3l -41 I (c) Over 365 days. Individualsnoncurrent over 15-7r 2 twelvemonths r+'ill be requalifiedper Chapter 2. 75 - l0.l 3 t05- n{ I b. Regression: 135- l(r4 5 * (l) Denglencles in gCC Lcvel A ErErrl le{luitErtrt;Irts 165- rcnmirtinedavs (r at the end of a annual trainingpcriod will rcsultin regressionlo NMR stalusand n'ill be rcportcdthrough the TRP to HQ ACC/DOTO. For MR crewntcntbcrs M-6. 3 ACCR5l-50 volurnr, Q.nrn.n, Januaryl993 6l AIRCREWANDAIRCRAFToPEFATIoNALLIIvIITATIoI{SANDRESTRICTIoNS Aircrerv A5-I. Ncw or Modificd Aircraft Equipmcnt' a. Weathermust be daY\1FR memberswho are not qualified in the operationof new or b. Maneuvermust be accomplishedat or abovel,00o modified aircraft equipment (e.g', ALCM, Harpoon' feetAGUASL. Have Nap, etc.) are restricted in tJre pedormanceof aircrervduties as follows: c. ACCR5I-18 resuictionsapply rlhen on IR routes. a. Thcy u'ill not be placcd on alert rrith an aircraft so A5{. UnusualAttitudes and Statls-Prohibited inllight- equippedor modified. any flight b, Theyrvill not operatethat equipmenton A5-7. Initial Buffet: unlessunder rhe supenisionof a qualifiedinstntctor of initial bufiet practice must be done as like spccialty. a. Alt inllight prescribedin the flight manualand under instructorpilot A5-2. Number of PersonnelAutborized Aboard B-52 rupervision. Aircreft. When the numbcr of creurnembersrequired b. All pilots must review and discuss the conect aboard a tactical aircraft cxceedsthe number of basic recovcryprocedures and limitations for accomplishmcnt additional crervpositions in the aircraft, provideeach of initial buffetduring mission planning' cre\\member$ith appropriatesafery, communications, rccoveryfrom inirial buffet at a minimum and sun'ival equipment. c. Practice altitude of 20,000feet abovethe terrain. If clouds exist aircraft and the terrain, the aircraft must b€ A5-3. Authorized Full Fucl Loads and Scqucnccs' betu'eenthe abovelhe tops of the clouds-Do not Aircra.fr u'ill be loaded t'ith fuel in accordanceu'ith at least 10,000feet initial buffet aboveFL 300 or at requirementsof the lB-52G/H-5@asic Weigltt Checklist practicerecovery from 300,000 and Loading Data). Fuel u&1gesequences contained in grossweights above Pounds' used in the flight manual were designed to be d. Perform entirc initial bufiet maneuverwith wings proceduresto conjunctionu'ith proper fuel loading level. realize marimum aircraft sen'ice life' Fuel loads initial bu-ffetrith weaponsor specifiedin the B-52 technicalorders u'ill be adheredto e. Do not practice aircraft. for all peacetimemissious. Requests for waiver of tltis missilcsloaded aboard the poliry will be submittedby joint unit OG/CCand LG/CC pilots are messageto HQ ACC/DOW and HQ ACC/LGFB tith A5-8. Chase Opcrrtions. Wlen B-52 operations,the follorring informationalcopies to NAF/DOV and OC-ALC/LAHR' requiredto participatein chase Ouly HQ ACC/DOTV, in coordination rvitlt HQ restrictionsapply: to normal fuel ACC/LGFB, can authorizedeviations a. Prior to each chasesonie, supervisorypersonnel loads. will ensurethe leadand chasepilos are briefedon the missioncontent, restrictions, and responsibilities. of ASJ. PcrformanccPlanning Criteria. A minimum b. The lead and chase aircrafi must maintain radio in addition to tlre 1,000feet ovelTunmust be available conutt tfuoughoutthe chaseoPeration- minimum runrlay required GVC'R)-When 1,000 feet of proximity to oveffun are not available,a portion of the runrvaymust c. It is unsafe to fly in close vertical be reservedto satisfr minimum oveffun requirements' another aircraft due to the interrclated aerodynamic Runu'ayavailable for ta.keoffplanning must be actual effects.Never fly directly over or under another aircraft. minimum runrvay length less any portion of tlre runrvay used to The chaseposition *ill maintainthe following satisfy oveffun requirementsat the lifloff end of the safcoperating distance while in fonnation. run\\'a)r. (l) Wings level position- at least 150 feet betrveen uing tips. A5-5. Stcep Turns. Limit the mzutitnurnrarget bank - mile behind angle to 45 degrees(not to exceed50 degrees)-The (2) Stern position approximatelyl/4 aircraft Inust rernain clear of clouds tJuougltouttlte and 100'belowlend. maneuvgt. This rlucs tlut rEstriEt s'Jnrbat brcol AA-5.4 I JUI\ tyy-. Table A7-2. AIj\-tr.{t FLIGET TR'I,INf,{G REQUIREITfENTSFOR STAIT'tr\STRUCTORS (SD. CrcnericEvents Codc Event Position #lA I Curr B00l 3omb Rrrn I P/RN l2 l/60 EOOI iCM Tbreat Actirin- ' EW l2 t/60 E0l0 v{UTES ECM Actiriw EW 4 E03.r )rofieieugvExercisc EW l6 t/60 F016 qFSATCOM Exercise EW .t I00l -nstnrgrentAooroach * P l2 v15 I0l0 lfisscd ,{,pproach P I I026 {,ooroachMonitorcd) RN E l/lt0 r N0l5 -ow Altitude NavigationLeg P/RN l2 l/60 P008 lakeoff' P 8 l/+5 + P0r3 andine P t1 l/J5 F0l5 iimulatedEneine Loss on Takeoff P 2 P016 ).liehtLandine P t 1/tt0 P02r ilaps Up Apgroach P 1 P0?2 Iormation P/RN .l P036 VisualPanern P z P063 iimularcdSi.r-Eneinc Approach and Go'.Around(Anmmeric) P z P070 PilotProficiencr' Exercise P l/180 P097 louch-ald-GoLaadinE P l/.r5 R00t lir Rcfuelins P 8 lt15 R005 lisht AirRefuclinS P l/t?0 ConveutiouaJEveuts * 8002 Jieh Altirude ConventionalBomb Run P/RN * 8003 !{edium Altitude ConvenrionalBomb Run P/RN I 8026 -o*'Altitude Mine Run P/RN I 8034 -orv Altitude ConventionelBomb Run P/R}i 1 c026 {GN{-86CLow AldrudeProcedures " P/R}I t I/i80 c027 {GM-86C HiehfvfediumAjrirudc Proceduresrr PlP-N I Iil80 c028 \GM-E6C Manuaj SAIR E.xerciserr zu'I z E0?5 lormation EClv{ EW 2 E035 )efensiveEquipment Snns Check EW ? P007 :IavcQuick P { * T002 rormadonBombine Procedues P/RN 7 * Tl0l |-IVGExcrcise P l/90 Nuclear Eyentl rr 8008 {iEhflvlediumAltitude NuclearBomb Rrgr P/RN 8035 -ow Altitudc NuclearBomb Run P/RN 2 8038 ISRLBombins Exercise R-\I 2 c0l3 4 GM-85/I 29 Hi eh/lvlediumAltitude Procedures RTi c014A,GM49 ProceduresLow Altitude Procedues RN + P021 WTO P l/i55 Pl06 #ear of PIJT GoeslesInlliEht P l/355 NOTES:' Iadicatesflurenry rtquired for missionready stanrs. " Items are applicableortJ.v* to units spccificallytasked uith missiosor weapon. ANNUALB-52 GCC TRAINING TABLES AA-6.5 Atch 1 I JuIy1993 Table A7-3. AI{NUAL FLIGHT TRAINING REQIIIREIIIENTS FOR B.{SIC QUALIFICATION (BQ). This tablc also appliesto FPI-8 flyersat other than rting level. ' .Codc'. twdt,,i,-:i'j .." Posltiou #tA Curr E034 hdcienct Exercisc EW 12 l/60 I00t instruEctrt Aooroach P l/15 I009 tlonurwisionAuuroach P 8 I0l0 l{isscdApproach P 4 I023 lrccision Approach P 8 I026 4,pproach(Monitorcd) RN l2 In20 N090 tosammin ey'tilavieation Exercise RN l2 POo8 takcofi P 8 l/15 P0l3 .andins P l6 lt15 P0l5 limulatedEneinc Loss on Takeofi P 2 P0l5 tliehtlsrding P I tlt20 P02l laps Up Approach P 2 P036 y'irual Panern P { P063 Six-EneincAoproach and Go-Around(Asrmmetric) P 2 P070 lilot Proficicncrr Exercise P ri 180 ANNUALB-52 GCC TRAINING TABLES AA-6.6 Atch 1 t I Julv 199-. Tab le A7J. CONTINUATION GROUND TRAIITING RE QUIRIIIIENTS. l. Thc follorring are the contjnr.ntionground training requirementsfor all crerrmcmbcrs.Couse descriprions ar: containcd in Anechncnt 8. Accomplishall aircrcw life suppon arrd chemicaldeferue uaining colrrscsper ACCR 55-l Gl12 courscdesctiption is in AfR 355-1. 2. Academicand groundtraining is requiredto bc accomplishedat regularinten'als. Thc follo*ing definitionsrrill be usrs to determinethe frequenqvof training; a. B - Biennial. Mun be accomplishednot latcr thar thc endof the 24th monthfrom tlre month last accomplished. b. A - fuinual. Accomplishoncc cach tmi"ing p€riod.Timc bctwcenaccomplishments ma:/ bc more tlnn lZ monrhs (cxccpt G300 - mustbc accomplishcdNLT thc cnd of thc l2th monthftom the month last accomplished). (l) . A-t Arurual training that ${ll bc scheduledfrom luly throughSeptember. ' :"\ (2) A-2 - fumuel uaining that u{ll bc schcdulcdfrom Oclobcrthrough Decembcr. (3) A-3 - furnrral uaining that uill be scheduledfrom Januar''through March. (4) A-+ - Afflual training that rrill be schedulcdfrom April throughJune. NOTE: A-t, A-2, A-3, ald A-1 uaining accomplishedin the recommendedquanerlv florv or per rhe rvrng monrhlr operationsplan is consideredto havebeen uught annuall;"though the time benveenevents ma-v* be longerthan ll monlhs but lessthan 15 montfu. c. SA - Semiannual.Training that mustbe accomplishednrice eachtraining period. Not later than the end of the 615 mouth from the month last accomplished. d. Q - Quartcrly.Training that niil bc accomplishedfour timeseach training period oncein cachperiod A-l to AJ. e. M - Monthly. Must be accomplishedeach calendar month. f. AR - As Required.As requiredby orherapplicable regulatioru or associateddirectives. 3. BQ columnis for non+rewassigned non-instructors training at rtreBasic Qualificarion level. 4. GCC column appliesto crewmembers training at GCCLevels d B, or C. 5. SI nill accomplishGCC groundtraini"g and SI ATD requirements. 6. futntlal uaining dlocatedto a specificuaining quaner(A-1, A-2, A-3, A-{) in this chaprerpresenrs a desiredquanerlr flow. When unique taskingsdictate a more appropriateflow, the rrnit ma;-reallocate the uaining arrd incorporare the nerr' flow into its montlrly opcmtionsuaining plaa. NOTE: S - Theseground training eventsare requiredto be accomplishedat rhe designatedinten'als to be mission readl' Failuc to maintain the properfrequencyrrill result in the indiridrul being declaredNMR For CCP (G312), all missed training must b€ accomplishedprior to regainingMR $arus. Generic Events Codc ivent Position Freu BO GCC Gl12 twD $ All A X X Gr24 lccudne CrewResourcc Management (CRM| AII A x x G209 trcrafi Sewieine All A x G22l jVS/TA Procedrrres P/CP A x G330 Jnit MissionBricfins S All AR X X G350 fRI Preparation for Certi.fication AJI AR G406 )AP Selectionard Computation RN/N A x G50l {,irborneTfueats fEWP- I ) EW A-+ X G502 tactical SAM Thrcas (EWP-2) EW A-3 X G503 StratesicSAIWtu{A Threau GUD-3) EW A-3 X ANNUALB-5? GCC TRAINING TABLES AA-5. 7 Atch 1 I JuJt'1993 Table A7-1. CO,\*TII{UATION GROUNDTR{-f,tI}iG REQIIIREMEI'{TS(geueric eleuts continued). Code Event Positiou Freq BQ GCC G504 rlavalTtueau (|E\\trJ) EW A-l X G505 ilectronic CombatSysterns Mana eement (EWP-S ) EW SA X X G505EludGrevTtueats GVi"{) EW A-2 X G508 3asicRadar PrincipleslECM Techniques EW A-2 X G5ll :TT.J AlI A{ x G512 ]TT-2 All A-3 X G513 ]TT.3 AII A-3 X G514 :TTJ AII A-l X G515 ]TT.5 Alr A-l X G5l5 CTT{ AII A-2 X G5l7 ]TT.7 AII A.l X Cr60l lommunicarioruProcedrues AII A X C'604 nstnrmentRefreshcr course P/CP AR X X G605 *IariEator Instrument Refresher Course RN/N AR X X G607 uoenisedFLIP Studvard ICAO Procedures PiCP AR G,5.10Airpon Qualification Pro gram P/CP AR X LSOI LocalArea Sunival $ AII AR X X LSO2lombat Sunival Trainine(CSD $ AII AR X x LSO3 WaterSun'ival RefresherTrainine $ All AR X X L504 lAircrew ChemicalDefcrue Trainine $ All AR X X LS05 {ircrew ChemicalDefense Procedures/E EresVllan eine Hamess$ All AR X X LS06 -ife Suomn EouiomentTrainine $ A]I ;{R x x LS07 igressEiection Training $ AII AR x X LS09 faneine HarnessTrainine $ AII AR x X NOTE: G5ll tfuough G5l7 ma;" be creditedto an individr.ralupon successfirlcompletion of WeaponsSchool. The inditidual mrrst completeall 7 Cfi coursesurthin 365 da1'sof this Q0l2 or Q0I5 date to remain mission read.v-.Unirs shorrldmake ever-veffort to get a newl;rqualified creumembcr all scvenCTT coursesas soonas possiblea.ftcr MQT. ConventionrlEveuts Code Event Position Freq BQ GCC G302 EonventionajAir WeaponsRefresher S P/CP/RN/N A X G30-l lConvenrionalStrike Seminar (AWRJ) P/CP/RN/N X G360 ConvenrionalPreDarauon for Cerufication Ail AR X G5l8 trTT-8 All A X Q0l5 lConventionallvhssion Cenification 5 All AR X NuclearEventg ** Code E,vent Positiou Freq BQ GCC Gl02 ilashblindness Protertion P/CP B x G300 *IucleerSuew Trainine S All A X x G30l *IuclearAir WeaooruRefresher (AWR-I) S P/CP/RN/N A X G303 NuclearStrike Seminar(AWR-3) AJI A X G3l0 EWOSrudy S AJI o X G312lommand and Control Procedures(CCP) S AJI tr X G340 IWO Preoarationfor Cenification All AR X Q012 lunit Nuclearlv[ission Cenification S Ail AR X I{OTE. ** IrtsfiLriue applirablc utd,v tu urriu rpccifielly Laskedtrlu fiusslon or weapon. ANNUALB-52 GCC TRAINING TABLES AA-6.8 Atch 1 t July'1993 TabI e A 7-5. COI{Tft'IJATIO N TR.I.D{ING ATD Rf Q UIREIlfE I{TS. (SccTablc A7J for notesard definition of scheduJingfrequcnq') Code Ertut J Position Freo BQ sr I ccc G90X rluclcarIntcsrated WST Missioru All SA I G9lX lonventional Iatemted WST All SA 2 (Conventional G9rX lonventional Intcerated WST onlv unirs) AII SA J G920 lasic EouinmentIndeocndent ATD EW SA 2 G92l {vdraulis SystemsIndependcnt ATD P/CP A-l I I G92l lvdraulic SvstemsIndepcndent ATD P B I G92l fAS Svstemsand TechniouesIndependent ATD RN/N A-l I G92t ;WP-l Airborne ThreatsIndeucndent ATD EW A-+ I G922 lieht ConuolsIndependent ATD P/CP A-2 I G922Ftieht ConuolsIndependent ATD P B I G922 llissile Systemsaad Techniques Independent ATD RN/N A-3 I I G922 IWP-2 Tactical SAIvfThreats Independent ATD EW A-3 I I G923 ineinesIndepcndcnt ATD P/CP A-3 I I G923 ingincsIndependent ATD P B I G923 :WP-3 SuategicSAI'Ii/fuM IndependentATD EW A-3 I G924 llcctric SvstemsIndcpcndcnt ATD P/CP A-l I I G924 Elearic SvstemsIndenendent ATD P B G924 E!\ryJ Naval Thrcau IndependentATD EW A-t I G925 ,nstnrmensIndepcndent ATD P/CP A I I I G925 ,ndewndentNuclear or ConventionalMission EW A-3 I ruel G926 SystemsIndependent ATD P/CP A-l I I G926 iuel.$t stemsIndependent ATD P B I G925 iWPd Blue/GrevThreats Independent ATD EW A-2 I I G927 PneumaticSvstems Indepcndent ATD P/CP A-3 I G927 PneumaticSvstems Independent ATD P B I G921 lndewndentNuclear or Conventionallr{ission EW A1 I G928lndepcndentNucl ear or Convenlional ]r{ission EW A-l I G929 IITDMission' N SA 1 G929 ndependentNuclear or Conventionallviission EW A-2 I G930 \GM-142Simulator RN 0 I I G938 ndependentATD (Indiridualor unit choice) P/CP/RNN-i AR AR AR G93r ndependentATD Ondiridual or unit choicc) EW A J G97X IWD Intesatcd WST ConventionalMission All A I G99X ndepcndent ConventiornlATD (Additionalrrai nin e) AII AR AR r NOTE: Creditmay be logged nirhour an instnrctorof like +ecialtvprescnt. ANNUAL8.52 GCCTR,AINING TABLES AA-6.9 Atch 1 t {lf,: i-FP DEPARTMENTOF THE AIR FORCE ACCREGULATIO}* 55.2 HeadquartersAir CombatCommand LangleyAir ForceBase, Virginia 23665-2?88 G I June 1992 Operations LIFE SUPPORT PROGRAM This regulation establishesobjectives, responsibilities, training requirements, and life support equipment configurations and maintenance requirements. It applies to all A€C aircrews and personnelwhen flying in aircraft assignedor attachedto organizationsof this command.This regulation appliesto all ACC-gained Air liational Guard (AliG) units when publishedin the National Guard Regulation (Air Force)(liGR (AF)) 0-2. In eddition, this regulation appliesto all AC0-eained United StatesAir Force Reserve(USAFR) units. Supplementsto this regulation must be approvedin accordancewith paragraph I,8. The use of a name of any specific manufacturer, commercial product, commodity, or Eervicein this publica- tion doesnot imply endorsementby the Air Force. This publication is aJlectedby the Privacy Act of 19?4.AF Form 623, On-The-JobTraining Record,con- tains a Privacy Act Statementon the form. The authority for maintenanceof the systemis l0 U.S.C.8013, Secretary of the Air Force; powers and duties; delegation by. The information to be collected anrdmain- tained is coveredby Privacy Act SystemNo. F035 AF MPO, Unit Assigned PersonnelInformation. Paragraph Page Chapterl-INTRODUCTION Scope t*1 o Purpose r-2 Objective 1-3 5 Organization 1*4 D Life SupportSystem Quality Assurance Program (LSSQAP) r-5 J CommunicationsChannels 1-6 t Life SupportAwards Program I-r 5 Supplements 1-8 6 Changes l-9 6 Waivers l-r0 6 ReferenceMaterials l-l I 6 Chapter Z-LIFE SUPPORTSYSTEM ORGANIZATIOi\*/DESCRIPTION/ RESPONSIBILITIEVQUALIFICATION HQ ACCResponsibilities 2-r I Life SupportOflicer (LSO) 2-2 7 Life Support Chief Enlisted Manager (CEM, f2200)/LifeSupport FunctionalManager (LSFM, 12290) 2-3 I Life SupportSupervisors (Squadron NCOIC, AFSC 12270) 24 I Life SupportSpecialist(AFSC 12250112230) . . . 2,-5 o SupersedesTACR 55-6,28 February1990; and SACR 55-51, 2l June lggl. No. of Printed Pages: 76 oPff,: IJOSr,(SMSgtEush) Approvedby: Brig Gen Michael C. Short Editor: Marty Muir Distribution: F; X: HQ USAFIKOOW...I AA-7. I l8 ACCR 55-2 I June lgg2 over wing/Broup allocations and will menage covery site selection, pickup devices, and au- them accordingly. Wing initiated substitutions thentication. will be accomplishedby local CBFOs up to 30 h. Egress/flangingHarness. daysprior to classstart date.If slotsare not re- (1) Egtess and hanging harness training quired, contact HQ ACC/DOSTL for redistribu' should be conductedconcurrently when practi- prior to start date' USAFR cal. Situational awareness (dive angles, sink tion 30 days cless ' units will route cancellation requests through rate, cockpit stresses) training will be accom- HQAFRE$/DOTS. plished during egress/ejection trainin g. d. To obtein slots for course9V8G-A, Air- (2) Aircrew membersarriving PCSor visitr crew Life Support Officer Course; or ing aircrews, such as IG team members, are not C3A2R12250-001,Aircrew Life Support Super- required to accomplish egressand hanging har- visor Course; forward the name, rank, SSAN, nesstraining if sourcedocumentetion of the air- and organization of personnel requiring train- crew's currency can be obtained (i.e. AFORMS) ing to HQ ACC/DOSTL. HQ ACC will confrrm and aircrews are current in the aSsigned air- selecteesnot later than 60 days prior to class craft); however, training on unique local equip start date. USAFR/AIiG will request slots IAW ment and survivaVrescuerequirements will be US$FYANG procedures. accomplished. e. Student aircrew members should not be- i. Continuation Training Frequencies: gin Bdsic Fighter Training (BFT) or Initial (1) EgresVhanging harness: Qualification Training (IQT) until formal com- (a) Ejection seaUmodule equipped air- bat survival and water survival training re- cralt training requirements: quirements are accomPlished as outlined in I. MRA,IQ/IUSaircrews: 180 days. AFR50-5andAFR50-3. 2. Student.aircrews (Fighter Training 0 Initi*t life support training will be con- Unit (FTU), BFT, IQT): 60 days. Unit com- J(+,' 'ff ductedprior to the first flight to familiarize air- manders may waive this requirement up to 90 crew members with equipment requirements days based on the recommendation of the unit and local rescueprocedures. A local area lesson LSO for those students who demonstrate profi- should bedeveloped to include all aspectsofsur- . ciency in UE aircraft. vival and rescue within the local area. The ditt 6 rtigltt Surgeons:every 60 days- minimum training requirementsare included 7'Unit commandersmay waive this requirement at attachment14. up to 180 days on the recommendation of the g. Combat Survival Training (CST). CST unit life support officer for thoseflight surgeons should be designed to allow aircrew mernbers who demonstrate profrciencyin the UE aircraft. the opportunity to demonstrate their ability to Flight surgeons flying in other than normally operateand useassigDed life support equipment assigned weapon systems will receive this ' under field conditions. The training should be training prior to flight (not to exceed72 hours). accomplished in a logical sequence,stressing 4. Passengers:prior to each flight not hands-onuse ofequipment, survival, and rescue to exceed72 hours. principles. Reference attachment 15 for the 5. Other aircrew: Passenger require- minimum training requirements. Aircrew ments apply for those aircrew members not members will demonstrate their ability to per- otherwise assigned;however, unit commanders form the following tasks; may waive this requirement up to 180 days (1) Survival principles and techniques for basedon proficiency and the recommendation of personalprotection, preventing and treating in- unit LSOs. juries and illnesses,and combatingpsychologi- 6. Aircrew members previously mis- cal problems. sion ready/qualified in a given ejection (2) Evasion principles and techniques on seaUmoduleequipped aircraft, who are current- useof combatsurvival equipment;movement in ly in transition to a different model of the air- enemy territory; effective use of camouflage, crsJt or undergoing upgrade training in the concealmentand cover; noise and light disci- same type of aircraft, may receive pline;and evasionliving. egtess/ejectiontraining every 180days ifthe es- (3) Recoveryprinciples and techniqueson cape systems and proceduresare the same in signaling and communicating procedures,re- both aircraft models. I.I'-7.2 ACCR 55-Z I June 1992 19 (b) Non-ejection seavnon-module (b) EgressAlanging Harness Training is equipped aircraft training requirements. accomplishedannually while wearing the air- Egress training for aircrew members of non- crew chemicaldefense ensemble. (c) Training: ejection seaVnon'moduleaircraft '*'ill be accom- Water Survival certification will be conduct- plished using the aircraft and aircraft diagram I. Initial ed for aircrew members of ejection seat aircraft as training aids. prior to first overwater flight. Aircrews of non- L Student aircrew members: emer- ejection seat aircraft are not required to accom- gency egEesstraining will be conducted every plish ACDE ws,tersurvival training prior to the 180days. frrst overwater flight. USAFR units will follow ?. Mission ready, qualification' sup- guidancein AFR55-2?,AFRESSup l. port, surgeons:emergency egress drill or flight 2. Annually conduct drag portion of FliEht Examiners (FE) and Instructor annually. training while wearing the aircrew hood, hel- (JP) training. Pilots may certifY met, mask, gloves, and filter pack with element (2) training, Lo- Life support equipment removed.The faceplateof the mask will be re- and CST: annually caVDeployedArea Survival moved for safety (N/A for F-l11 and other non' (for USAFR-as specilied bv AFR 55-2?, parachute carrying aircraft). AFRES$up I). 3. If all aspects of annual water sur- (3) Water survival refresher training: an- vival training were conducted during initial nually (biennially for F'111 and non-ejection ACDE certiJication, then credit for the annual seat aircralt). The training frequency for water requirement may be documented. survival may be extendedto 14 months to allow d. HQ AFRES will determine frequen- units to schedule training during the warmer cy of water survival wet drill training. months of the year. USAFR units will conduct j. Individuals requiring training are not con- water survival training as specified by AFR sidered delinquent until the first day of the 55'27,AFRESSup 1. mon[h followingthe month training wasdue. If (a) When possible,open water should be an aircrew member is delinquent in egress/ejec- used in lieu of swimming pools.Ensure all safe' tion, hanging harness/personnel lowering de- ty precautions are considered when preparing vices (PLD) training, or water survival refresh- training exercises. er training, the training must be accomplished is (b) F-l11 and RC-135aircrew members prior to the next flight. If an aircrew member will be accomplishedupon return will don the CWU-I6/P (quick-donning anti- TDY, training station. exposureflying coveralls)and life preserversin to home the egresstrainer. This training is a one-time 3c4. Combined Training. Training sessions requirement and will be documentedas out- may be combined to satisfy all requirements lined inparagtaph 3-6. (i.e. life support equipment training may be con- (c) Aircrew membersarriving at a new ducted during water survival end combat sur- station who require annual water survival re- vival sessions)as long as all objectives are fully fresher training after that installation has com' accomplished. pleted training for the year are not considered training peri' delinquent until the next annual 3*5, PassengerTraining. will be scheduledto at- od: however, individuals a. Passengers(those individuals either non- possible tend an academicsession at the earliest rated or rated and not currently qualified in the time. aircraft) in ejeetion seaUmoduleequipped air- (4) Aircrew Chemical Defense Training craft will receive egresVejection seat training Program; from a qualilied life support officer. Procedures (a) Equipnent Familiarization Train- will be demonstrated using hanging'harness irrg. IuiLial equipnrcnt fatniliariration training [ralner and egress procedures Llairrer, if uvail- must be accomplishedprior to f-cst flight in the able. EXCEPIION: For deployed units, if the Aircrew Chemical DefenseEquipment (ACDE) unit LSO is not available, only experiencedair- Annual recertification will be conductedin con- crew members (preferably lPs) may give pas- junction with any scheduledchemical defense senger orientation egress training provided training exercise. they are trained and certified IAW paragraph AA-7.3 -';1: 32 ACCR 55.2 I clune lgg2 and Mll-series goggles as specifiedin applica- ber are entered in the remarks section of the ble aircraft training manuals. form. The AFTO Form 46 will be preparedin du- plicate. The original copy of the form is main- 6-7. Uploading and Equipping Alert Air' tained in the life support facility for record pur- crafL posesand the duplicate copy remains with the G) Rations and water are placed aboard alert aircraft in the AFTO Form ?8lF aircraJt forms *$-air-craft as a source of subsistence for aircrews binder or attached to the life support (LS) stor- during Emergency War Order (EWO) commit- agecontainer. ments. Responsibility for aircraft installed sub- c. Life support specialists will completethe sistence rations and water is a shared resPon- form and sign the issuing agency block of the sibility among wing services, life support and AF"[O Form 46. Prior to each takeoff, aircraft the wing war readinessreview board IAW AFR commander's designated representative will 400-24, HHQ directives and unit memorandum ensurethatall prepositioned LSE is properly in- tbs ofunderstanding (MOU). ventoried, that equipment is serviceable, and (,SlI (D ttr addition to alert commitments, life sup- will sign and date the certification block of the r E polt also may be tasked to load rations, water, AFtO Form 46. For alert aircraft, equipment and flashblindness devicesto support generated inventories and certification of the AFTO Form force sortie aircraft during EWO operationsand 46 will be annotated at the time of crew when required by specific Op0rds. Due to the changeover. AII unserviceable or missing sensitivity to temperature fluctuations and as' equipmentwill be replaced.NOTE: Crew mem- societed workload, uploading these items will bers will perform preflight of parachutes as re' be simulated for all exercises;however, units quired by AFR 60-16 and applicable aircraft will demonstrate this capability during all ma- Dash-l-series fl ight manuals. jor IG inspections.Units should establish proce- d. When new or returning aircrafl arrives on dures to uploadasd flswnloadthe items and en- the basewith installed su. vival krts and person- sureavailability ofan aircraft storagelocation. al parachutes, equipment accep[ancechecks will be performed IAW paragraph 5-5b of this F8. Equipment Issue, Control and regulation. Accountability for KC-f0 end .135 Aircrafl e. Following the frnal mission of the day or Life support officers, superintendents, and su- upon return to home station, TDY commit- pervisors must ensure equipment accountabil- ments,etc., life support personnelwill perform ity is maintained per AFR 67-23and be familiar a mission termination inventory ffiTI) of each with the applicableTable of Allowances (TA). aircraft for equipment accountability and ser- To enhance mission effectiveness and reduce viceability. In th-eevent equipment discrepan- exce$sivehandling and damage, LSE will be cies are discovered,proper corrective actions prepositioned on aircraft to the maximum ex- must be taken prior to the next flight. If LSE is tent possible. suspectedof misuse or abuse,or if shortages ex- a. Life support specialists are the only in- ist, the life support officer or LSFM will notify dividuals authorized to remove or install air- the applicable squadron commander to take cralt-installed LSE. Life support will develop necessary corrective actions. Life support su- procedures to coordinate flight line taskings pervision will maintain copies of MTIs, by air- with Flying Squadron Maintenance (FSM) craft teil number, for at least 90 days (N/A for scheduling. This coordination is required to en- ANGandUSAFR). sure life support taskings are included in the f. When eircraft deploy in excessof 29 days, weekly and monthly maintenance plans and prepare the AFTO Form 46 in triplicate. The programmed generations. Life support special- original copy of the form is retained by the own- ists will use the Core Automated Maintenance ing life support section. The second copy is System (CAMS) to documentcompletion of re- placed with the aircraft AFTO Form ?81 forms lgredflighr lrne rssl(. binder or attached rc the LSE sEoragecontalner. b. All aircraft prepositioned LSE will be an- The third copy will be placed in an envelopeand notated on the AFTO Form 46, Prepositioned will accompanythe aircraft forms delivered to Life Support Equipment. LSFM must ensure all or picked up by life support at the TDY location. applicable entries are accurately reflected and g. If unique circumstancesarise that require that the unit of assignmentand telephonenum- the removal of LSE from an aircraft at en route AA-7.4 t T.O. 14P3-4-151 TECHNICAL MANUAL OPEHATIONAND MAINTENANCEINSTRUCTIONS WITHILLUSTHATED PARTS BREAKDOWN HGU-s51PFLYER'S HELMET MEDTUM-81D5330-4 LARGE.81D533O.5 EXTRA-LARGE-81D5330.6 with NEUTHALGRAY LIGHTWEIGHT VISOR ASSEMBLY-81D5189-4 and BAYONETRECEIVER KIT.82A5614.10 and LASEREYE PHOTECTIVE VISORS P/N283101-1001-6 GENTEX COFFOHATION F{160&sD-1819 THIS PUBLICATIONSUPERSEDES OPERATIONAL SIJPPLEMENT T. O. T4P34.I5I S-I4, DATED15 ruNE I99I. DISTRIBUTIONSTATEMENT: Distribution outhodrcd to U.S. Govcrnment aganciac only for administrativc and operational usa.3l lVla_y1989. othar rrqurst$ for thie documcnt shgll bc rcfsrrad to $sn Antonio ALC/TIRT, Kclly AFB TX 78241-SO0O. wARNING: This documant containe tcchnicrl date whogr rxport is rrstrictrd by th. Arms Expon control Act (Titla 22, U.S.C.. Sqc 2751, et saq.l or rhc Frport AclmirJrtrationAct of 19i9, .r ,-.nOiO, nilo FO, u'$.c., App. 2tlo1 ct toq. Violation of thrgr llpon lrwg rrr *u1".t to rr",,ru ciminJ pcnatricr. Dimcminatc in accordanco with proviaionsof DoD Diroctiva EZ3OJS. |IANIILING ANO OESTRUCTION NOTICE: Handlc in complianca with thr dictribution rtatrmcnt and dcatroy by any mcthod thEt rvill pravrnt dirclogurt of contcntg or rrconrtructiOn Of tlrc dOcUmOnt. FUALISHEE UHOER AUTHORITY OF THE $ECBETARY OF THE AIR FORCE /Ut FttlCE F i||rrr tI - H5o 1 MAY 1983 CHANGE35 - 15 NOVEMBER1991 AA-7.5 T.O.14P3-4.151 cordinto loopcod and pull frcc ends of cordtigbt. nticrrrplrrrncr:lrhlc urrd plurl rrrrcnrhl)irrtrr rlrc \ltr)- forminga half-hitchkuot. Tack half-bitch knot using I /Nt(J-lA tr'rlcr. Sltr,rk irtlo lltc miertrplrorrc l hc waxcd one-turnsinglc strand 8/4cotton cord and scar tttlCtrrfrltrlrlcarttl sllrlrltillrc\ ilrU Operlting prrrpcrly endsof fivc inchnylco pull tab.Do not tic thc pigtails u'lrcn tlrc r.rriecis trtrrrsrrrillstltionr tlrc ulicr(rnl,,rtlc togetberunder any circumstanccs. Thc lcatherpull thrtrullr tlrc uruplil'ic'runtJ hcurd in tlre lrcudrcr tab will bc stitchcddown the ccuter using Type t, Size E, SpecificatiouV-T-295 nylon thread to closeloop. 5-27. POSTFLIGHTINSPECTION. (Deterrninarionrs to who will perform this inspection is a majcom option) NOTE Following last flight of the day helmets will be srored in a command designatedarea, ncrmally the life of thc leatherchin strappull support' Lltilization shop. Postflight inspection will performed tab andr'orreplaccmeut nylon cord is a be as follorvs: majorcommand option. a. Helmet Shell. 5-26. PREFLIGHTINSPECTION. Prior :o cach llight, usu' l,r drl{rnritrc (l) Check the shellfor evidence thc slrullittspcct thc hclntct'l'lrit of damage such tlr.rtit ir in srrr'i('clrhlcconrlili,rt. inslcclionslr;rll as cracks,warping, or chippedpaint. ilssr.l[r' l ll il t : '['lrt (2) Inspect rhe edge roll for unbonded edge ir. lrclrrrct. eiu('rlp\ lnd oxsi!crr rnilsk irtr or damagesuch as cuts, tearsr or holes. prolt'rrly litlt'i! h. ('hin irrrtl uapc $lritlx ilrE prr)licrl-v lrJjust,:'.: (3) Check for loosescrews. irnd \(rrwri itrc scctrrrly rlttilr'lr(dl() tlrc hclrrrcl shcll. bi Inspect chin and nape straps in accordancc wit'h c. Prior to installingnew chin or napcstrap, inspcct paragraph5-28e, f, and g. strap per Paragraph5-28e, f, andg. c. Inspect visor asembly in accordance with para. graph 5-28k. d. VisorL.rrs ir- licc I'rorncr:rcks. scratclrr:s, dust :rnd SIII f iI TS. d. Inspectcomrnunication components in accordance with paragraphs5-28i andj. e. All cunrnrrrnicutiunscurlpor)cnts are securely attachedand thc.hcadsct and rrricrophoncsopcrate e. Inspect custom fit liner in accordance with para- propcrly.C'heckrrut rrriry hc pcrlirlmsdby pluggingtlre graph5.?8d. Chanse35 S1OE/($,1OFBtank) AA-7.6 BY ORDER OF THE COMIVIANDER ACC KEGTTI}ITION 55.15 2 A]R COMBAT COM]WAND 1I fuTARCE1991 Opeaions b5 2 AIRCREW OPERIITIONAL PROCEJURES This regulation pressribes standard operational and weaporu emplolment procedrres for use by all ACC aircrews who operareUS4;l B-52 aircraft For*trd draft Cbapter t for coordination tlrough cbauels to HQ ACC/DOTV, 205 Dodd Btyd., Suire l0l, Laagley AFB VA 23665-2789.Also forqard a copy of thc publishedChapter 8. HQ ACCTDOTV must approveall orher zupplemeuu. This publication doesuot apply to Air National Guerd (AIIG) and United Surcs Air Force Resewe(IJSAFR) membersor units. Each B-52 airerew memberis authorizeda copy of this regulation SUMMARY OF CHANGES This revision alig$ B-52 operationalprocedr:res into a single-sourceregulation Paragraph Page Chapter l-Introduction Aircres'Resporuibiliry...... I.l 3 Deviations... Lz 3 Referencrs... I.3 3 Waivers...... 1.4 3 RegulationChanges...... 1-5 3 Chapter 2-Mission Planning F1ightli4aauals...... ?-t J Checklins... 2.2 J Local Afu crew Aids...- Z-3 J MissionPlanning Responsibility...... 2.4 Mission Plurning Procedwes.. 2.5 Chapter Llforud Operating Procedures PreAight...... 3.1 6 Takeofi...... 3.2 6 Air Refue1ing...... 3-3 l0 Cruise...... 3.4 II lnn'Leyel... 3.5 ll Formation... 5-6 ll Posdlight.... 3.1 ZL Tactics...... 3.8 2L Chapter 4-Instrument Procedures ApproachCategory...... 4.1 2.1 ' TakeoffaldJoin-up...... 1.2 2l Instrrrmcnt Approaches. 4.3 2L Airtorae RadarDirectedApproach (ARDA)...... 4.4 ZL Chapter fWeapons Emploluent BombingProfile Mssion Chenges(RN-NAV).. 5.1 22 CruiseMssile TimeCoutrol (RN-NAVJ.. 5.2 22 Target Data Verification (RN-NA$ 5.3 z2 Chepter 6-Night Vision Goggle (tWG) Operetiond Procedures Concept of Operatioru 6.1 22 Responsibilities...... 6.2 22 Qu:itfi cation and Training 5.3 22 1rfi,t$lllr rminatiory'Weather Considerations... -...... 6.4 23 Supcrsedesponioru of ACCR 50-12,I Jun93; pottionsof ACCR55-11, Approvedby: ColRonald N. Brau.nhardt 3 May 93; & Anachment5 to ACCR 5l-50, Volume22, I January1993. Pages:3SlDistribution: F; X: OPFI: DOTV (tvlaj SamuelR Hiclcs) HQUSAF/XOOT...2 AA-8.1 l - ACCR 55-152 11 March 199,l _1 points. cotrurunicarionsplan- EMCON, etc.) penainilg briefin*e. to the formation ponion of the mission. 2.5.3.3. All creq' membersin the formadou require a 2.5-?..3.The aircrew commanderis ultimatel;*responsi- formation briefiag. Mission briefing guides are in ar- ble for the acnrrac-r-and completenessof aI missiondata. tachmentL Units ma1-augrnent these guides as treces* The aircrew'com.ma-ndermust ensurecrew zubstinrtions sar,v.Pendin g developmentb)' higher headqrraners.units are made in sufficient time for the substihJtecrew mem- flyhg missions not cnveredby this regularion or iU zup- ber(s) to be thorougtrly briefed and be fa-udliar qith the plemeuts(for example,OT&E weaponsdelil'e4'profiles) applicable mission dan. The aircrew courma-udermust n'ill dervelopand maintain briefing guides for those rris. en$ue ali possible action is taken to enable the staff sions,a:rd zubmit to ACCIDO for rerien'. q'relified to checkt}e accuracl'of a-ud/ora crerr'member 2.5.4. StaJf Reriew. A squadrondesisared represen* databefore takeoff. the applicable mission tative must review the mission forms for acctracv atd 2.5-2-4. lf using unit preparedmission packages,the completeness. preparing must provide complete and staff a*eenry 2.5.5. Pretakeoff Meetiug. The aircra.ft cornmaader Amotate these packages to indicate acctrate data uill conduct a pretakeoff meeting in accordancewith the preparing isdiliduel(s). Brief aircre$'s on these proceduesdefined in the local ChapterI to this regr:Ia- packages aad accomptish staff zupenised snrdl- aad tion. All crew membersmust attend weatherbriefings plaruring. Accomplish all requirementsof mission conducmdb-v base weather sution personnel. The air- 2-5.2.1.above. crew cofiunanderwill reriew r+ith the crew an]' changes 2.5.3. Aircrew l{ission Briefing The aircraft com- to the mission to ensrxe complete kaonledge of all ma.uderuill conducr a formal aircrew mission briefiag scbeduledactivit-v including changesto t-he arrival and for all missions. A crew member excusedfrom the approachprocedures for the fust destiaation. foUoting the briefing. mu.stre- briefing- or nrbstituted 2.5.5.1. If the inten-al from initial aircrew briefing to bf' the aircrew comnander cov- ceive a derailed briefing mission takeofr exceeds ?2 hours, the aircrew com- of para 2.5.3.1.trclorv. If, due to ering all requirements mandermust p€rsonrlly rer"ieilrertrief tbe enrire fli*sht or as a resr.rltof bein*qexrused or mission requi:ements missionagaia uith tlre aircrew. This doesnot appl-vto the aircren' mrssion briefing must be ac- zubstituted- ofi durl station Haidng missions w'here the crew has complishedor reacconplishedon the day of the flight- planned ad briefed to fly several missioru in a 3a da1' prwide adequate time for this briefing before ttre pre- period For missions of this +pe, the crert sill rnierr' takeoffmeeting. t}te planned route to be florrn durilg the pretakeoff 2.5.3-1. The briefing inciudesall scheduledactirities meetingprior to eachindiridul mission. items in attaehmentI in order of accom- and required 2.5-5.2.The aircraft cornrnender'ssigrratwe on the DD plishment from takeoff through mission termination. Form 175 indicatesall the items in the briefi-ngguide Reriew the pilot's aad narigators'low altitude chartsfor werebriefed/accomplished. compatibilit-v and acctrran- if not preriously accom- plished in target snrdy. The aircraft comnrandermust 2.5.6. Charr/mappreparation: brief recoverybase and plannedalternate location, radio aids, approach lighting, rurr4'aY markings and lighu. 2.5.6.1. I-ocal Area Cbarts. A local areachan is not re- Review procedures and crew coordination required to quired ifaircrew aids includejettison areasand diven in- identifl' runrray environment and uamition from instru- formation, and prolide sJfficient detail of the local area men,tto r{srrel landing flres. Brief the descent,approactr- to remai"uin local MOAs or other assignedareas. and larding phase in srfficient detail that only a short 2.5.6.2. Low Altinrde Chans. Prepare charrs for lot' re*iew is required in-fliglt dr.uingthe pre'descentphese' lwel navigation IAW ACCR 55-7, Volume 2; ACCR Thc aircraft commander sill reriew applicable radio 5l-18; this regulation:arrd as dirested localh'. LTpdate nadgation aids. Terminal lnstrument Approach Proce- chuts ftom the chart update manual (CHLM. and drues Chans (high and lou'altin-rde),approach lighring, highlight all maa-madeobstacles at or abve the plaaned aad aerodromeremarks for planrred61ding and probable flight altitude. Additionatlv, amotate all noise sensitive alteruatebases. Brief alternatemission actirir;*. areasdong tre route of flight. OSTW u'ill proride the 2.5.3-?. Aircraft comrnandersdesignated in uriting bi' EWs a low altitude ctrart uith ex?ectedthrcats, lssein the squadroncomrnander ma;- ceni{v their onn aircrew features,and turn points. AA-8.2 ACCR 55-I5l lI March 1991 J5 chaseposition rrill ?.4.2. AJ a Beneralnrle. normal peacetimePedormanc€ 7.8.4. The norrral be on rhe ri-ehr criteria aad tbe prolisions of para ?'4.1 apply tq conven- uing of lead. obsert'edin the intcrest of tional opcrations and must bc 7.8.5. The lead aircraft must inforu, the cbase aircrafT safetyand ecouomv. ald receiveaclfioq'ledment prior to initiadng an;-of rle 7.5. Steep Turns. Limit the marrisulr larget bank an- follouing; aircraft gte to 45 degrees(not to e:tcecd50 dcgrees)'The ?.8.5.1.Turns. Eust remein clear of clouds rbrou-ehoutthe ma:rern'er. This doesuot resuict combatbrcalcauay.maaern-ers de- 7.8.5.2.Climbs ard desceuu. flIrns or below fined in rhe flight s3srrel. For steep at 7.8.5.3.Airspeed chaa*ee. 5-000feet AGUASL, the folloning resrictious appl;*: 7.8.5.4.Configurarioo change (e.g. flaps. *ecar.air- \trR 7.5.1. Wearhermustbe day bralcs, etc.) at or above1,000 7.5.2. lvfaneur'iertnust be accomplished 7.9. Fuel lllinimums: fect AGUASL. 7.9.1. Thetuel resen,erequiremenu of AfR 60-16(AFI q'henon IR routes- ?.5.3. ACCR 5l-18 resuiccionsapply 1i-206)appi;* except as outlined below. Prohibited. 7.6. UnusualAttitudes a-udStalh 7.9.1.1.Plar missions1o accomplish final la:cirg uith a 7.7. Initiel Buffet: minimumof 20.000porurds. 7.7.1. Performall in-fli*ehtiuitiai br:tretpractice as pre- 7.9.1.2.Plaa the missionso the usablefusl 6r'erthe aI- scnted in rhe flight manual and under insrrrraor pilot temate.if required-is a minimum of 21-000poExds. zupenision. 7.9.1.3. Fuel resen'esfor conventionaloperadorrs rriil be 7-7.2. lJl pilots must reries'and discrtssthe correctre- as desipated in the operationsorder. accomplishing in- covery procedruesand limiutions for 7"9.1.4. The minimum fuel resen,efor remoteor island pla.nab-e. itial buffet dr.rringmission destinarionis 34-000pounds. lf u'ea*rerconcljdons are 7.7.3. PracticerecoterJ'from initial bufiet at a midmum sr:chtrat a.ualtemate affieid is r"-quiredra awordance altitude of ?0.000 feet abovethe terraia. If cloudsexist qift AFR 60-16 (AiT i1-206). fien mini:'urrmfuel re- betc'een rhe aircraft a.ndthe terrain $e aircrafi must be sen'e is 54.000 pouds. The definition 0f a remoteor ar leasr 10.000feet abovetlre tops of the clouds. Do not islald airfield is containedin ACC SupplemenrI to AFR practicc recol'er)-from initial buffet aboveEL 300 or at 60-16(ArI 11-205). gross pouafu. u"eig}tsabove 300,000 7.9.2. Cenainsafeq' of flight conditionssuch as emer- 7.7.4. Perform the entire inidal buffet maneuvernith gencies,go'arounds, etc., mel. occasionalll'necessiBte u'ia*qslerel. fiaal larrdiagnittr lessfuel than 5pecifiedabove. 7.7.5. Do not pructlc€ initial bufiet uith t'eepons or 7.10. Air RefuelingLimitations ald Restrictions: missilesloaded. 7.10.1. I-nstnrcdouin air refuelingprocedr:res. cscludiag 7.8. CbaseOperations. When852 pilou pardcipatein renden'ous.is prohibited u'hen tlre receiver aircrafi is shnqgsperations the follorring renrictionsapply: loadedcr-ternally or iaternally qirh nuclear r{'eapors. 7.8.1. Prior ro each chasesonie, zupentsory pcrsonnel 7.10.2- Do not attempl emission option rendezrousor will ensurethc lead and chasepilou are brided on the rcfuelinguaining ualessat least 1.000feet vcrtical sepa- mission conrcnt re$rictioas, and respon-ntilities. rariouis aszuredbetween tarrler ald rcceiter. Erctpt for ecual nuclear operations.ffitical fuel shortage,as di- 7.8.2. chase aircraft mwt maiatain radio The lead a.nd rertcd in governing operations orders, or duriag operation. contafl througtroutftg shase EmissionOption 2, 3, or 4 uainin*s.panicipatilg u-nker 7.8.3. It is unsafe to flf iu closevenical proximity to and rcceiveraircraft qill not closeto Iessfirrr I-000 fert a-uotberaircre-ft due to the interrelatedaerodlua-uric ef- vcnical separationurrless reliable radio com.Er:nications feets. Never fly directly over or under anot-herairsrafi. are established.Brief EmissionOption 2. 3. or 4 proce- The chaseposidon s{ll maintaiu$e follouing minimrun drucsbefore flight. safe dinalce u'hile in formation. operatiag 7.10.3. Do not accomplishair refueling during uaining ?.8.3.1.\ltings level positionat least 150 feet betu'een missionsrlhen ary of the follou-ingcondidons et'st: *ing tips. ?.10.3.1.tfrlreu eucorurteringturbulence u'hiclr= in the 7.8.3.2. Steru position approximatelyl/+ mile behind opinion of t}te pilot or boom operator,denies a safemar- a.ud100 fect below lcad. gin of conuol of citer aircraft or boom. AA-8.3 sAcR 55-12 VOLUME I STRATEGIC AIR COMMAND REGUI,ATION OPERATIONS AIR OPERATIONS W OPR: HQ SAC/DONO 20 NOVEMBER 1989 DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE HEADQUARTERSSTRATEGIC AIR COMMAND AA-9.I I 6l SACR 55'12.lbl I 20 Novemberr989 CHAPTER6 SACPARTICIPATION IN STATICDISPLAYS AND AERIAL EVENTS (DON/PACI SECTION A_GEhIERAL 6S. AIRCRAFT FLYOVERST & SAC flyover profiles will normally be straight aad 6-1. USAF POLICY' HeadquartersUSAF considers level single ship passes conduc[ed as follor*rs; participation in pub[c e\rentsan effecti'remethod of demon- (f Tluee passes maxiraum' itratirig Air Fbrce weapous systerns and capabilities, ) DroEotinc community and interuational relations, and {21 Within flight manual procedures and limitations. efforts' Static lnhancibi recruiting arrd retention tsplays (3) According topublished traffic pattern procedures. Ere the primaty mean$ of display in these events; flyovers may beluthorized when operationalconsiderations ma-ke (41 Within published operational plans, F.d4', military, static display impractical or irnpossible and airfield regulations. (51 Approved bY NAFTDO. 612. SAC POLICY. SAC supports HQ USAF policv, by b. Altitude Air Refueling Formationq multiple air- displaying aircraft. equipment, and personnel before tire Low any flyorers other than straight pu6Ue Participation ol public events will be auihorized on craft formationq or end level by the SACTDOafter unit comrnalder a selective balis in view of limihd airframe/flying hour must be appro.red and parent approval. availability, operational/training commitmenls, and cost NAF/DO consideralions.SAC considersstatic display the prirnary c The minimum altitude above the highest terrain for method of participation. Flyoversmay be authorizedwhen flyovers must be: restrictions or other [rnjta-sions preclude static operational (tl Single aircraft-500 feet. display. Under no cireumstanceswill $AC aircraft be com- mit-ted to participate in any event *'ithout prior approva.lby (2) Multiple aircraft-l000 feet. (Seeparagraphs 6'6k and 6'7 for ercep[ions.) HQ SAC/DON. {3} Single aircraft under 100,000Ib.weight class-250 feet. Sg. GOVERNING DIRECTIVES. The provisionsof this departure chapter and the requirements cited in AFR r90'l and SAC d. The axis of aircraft approach and must be 1500 feet Sup t theretc and AFR 60'18 govern SAC participation in along a designated show line at least from the aerial events, nearest spectator area Flyovers'will normdly be plarrned over the active runway if available Any deviation must be SECTION B_OPERATIONAL POLICIES AND approved by I.iAF/DO. PLAN}{ING CONSIDERATIONS e For multiple aircraft flyovers, aircraft must: (1) Not be closer than 2 NM in trail of other flyover H. FLYINC SAFETY. SAC flying safety policies and aircraft. procedures will be rnaintained in plaaning, executing and controlling the public event/openhouse flight activity. (2) Be under radar con[roUmoni[or. f. FB-l1Is and SAC T38s may perform formation flybys participation in &5. SUPERVISION. SAC aerial evenls IAW SACR 55.11and SACR 5l-38, respectively. will require on-scenegtound supervision. This may be pre vided by a SAC supervisoror designatedflyby coordinator. E. Aircraft may perform mzutimum climb departures The following definitions applY: when accomplished within flight manual procedures, FAA rules, and authorized by NAF/DO. a- SAC superwision-SAC ratcd officer certified qualified by unit DO. h. All units will confirm with airshow poiars of contacl that applicable federal aviation regrrlation waivets (speed with b. Flyby coordinator-Individual raied milifary and altitude) have been obtained from the local Flight service and sufficienl experienceto insure safe operations. Standards District Office (FSDOI before accomplishing any parEnt In all cases,the SAC unit NAF supporting the event flybys at less than 1,000 ft. abovethe highest obstade (IAW is responsible for insuring prop€r supervision snd radio AFR 6trf61 and at airspeeds Ereater than traJfic patt€rn/ comnunication. For oventeas€vetrts, the 3AD or 7AD will arrivaUdeparture airspeeds. coordinate with appropriatc NAF to insure proper super- vision and ground-air rsdio comnrunications. When par' i. hactice flights of approved profiles may be conducted ticipating in an approvedwent, the flyover mission must be with NAFIDO approval. briefed tq and approved by, the unit comrnarder. j. Weather Minimums: IAW AFR 60-18,at least 2,500 NOTE l: Straight and level, single ship, flyover requests foot ceiling and a 5-mile visibility arc required for flyovers, at locations that causesignificant difficulty in k. Wing commandem may authorize flyovers of their providing a USAF Eround supervisor must be unit assigned aircraft for their annual base open house arrd evaluatedon a caseby+asebasis by the NAFIDO. baseretrea[ cerernonies.Profiles and supervision must be NffIE 2: Flyby of USAF Academy will be performed in IAW NAF guidance. Eetirement/Change-of-Command accordance with USAFA gridance and/or DOD flyovers a.Fenot authorized without HQ USAF approval. FLIP AHl. A USAFA supervisor may substi- tute for a SAC supervisor during USAFA 6.7. STATIC DISPLAYS; flyovers, a- Unit comrnandersmay authorize the static display of NOTE 3: Commalders Ere encouraged to video tape air unit assigned aircraft (except for retirementlchange-of- show activity. However,this activity must not comrnandceremoniesl when no flight is required to position interfere with the prirnary duties of the supervi- the aircraft for static display. sory individual. M-9.2 t UNCI,ASSIFIED o 1 02 ;6\S?} FEB e4 RR RR uruU DOTV 7713 NO HQ ACC IJANGLEY AFB VA/ /DOT/ / 7 oG DYESS AFB Tx.//e?l}cv// 8 AF BARKSDAT,E AFB r,A/ /DO/DOV/ / 10 TS TTNKER AFB Cr.//CC// 28 OG ELLSWORTTTAFB SD/ /CC/OGV/ / e9 oG ELLSWORTHAFB SD//CCIOGV// 319 OG GF,A.rrDFORKS AFB IilD//CC/Oev// 384 oc MCCONNELLAFB RS/ /CC/OCV/ / 5sr0 Tw EDWARDS AFB cA/ /DO/ / USAFWS DET 1 ELLSWORTH AFB SD//CC/OG// DCMDW ROSIffELL PAI,MDA.I,E eA/ Ig]fDF/ / AIG 7397 ]NFO HQ ACC r,ANcI,Ey AFB vA//DOEA/DOT/DOW/DOT}-B/SF,F// UNCi.AS STJB.T: FCIF ITEM: BOI{BER VISUAI FORT,IATION REF: HQ SAC/DO 0520152 r"tAY92INOTAJ,) 1- EFFECTT\E UPON RECEIPT, B-18 UNITS ARE PERMITTED TO CO}ilDUCT VISUAJ, FORMATION IN ACCORDAI{CEWITH THE ACC APPROVED VISUAI, FORMATION TRAINING PROGRAM. 2. B-52 UNITS ARE RESTRICTED FROM COIIDUCTING VISUAI FORMATTON Fr G 13\rl' LT COL CURTIS DOTV 4'77L3 CRC:24588 'N.r'ASSTFTED FEB94 (tiui,rH d,E o v M-10.1 I UNCTASS ut UI FEB 94 RR RR UUiru DOTV 77L3 t\-O PENDING DEVELOPMENT OF .4, FORI4AL TRAINING PROGRIAI'I. 3. THIS MESSAGE REPI,AEES REFERENCE MESSAGE. 4 ' THIS MESSAGE WrLL BE BROUGHT TO THE ATTENTION OF AIrIJ ATRCREWS AND WILL BE FLACED IN VOLUME I, PART B, OF THE FCIF. THTS FCIF WILL REIVIAIII IN EFFECT UNTIL RESCINDED BY HQ ACC/DO. 5. ACC UNTT OGV'S WILL ACIO{OWLEDGERECEIPT OF THIS FEIF BY MESSAGE O^I. T'ELECON TO POINT OF CONTACT AIVD ENSURE IT IS POSTED WTTHIN TVJOWORKING DAYS OF RECEIPT. 6. HQ ACC/DO POTNTS OF CONTACT ARE LT col, RAY oRTIz AI{D IJT col, PAuL euRTrs, DOTV, DSN 574-77L3/7714. tm FAt IJI L\J! LUI(III) DOTV 1'1713 CRC: ?4588 o-ary UNCLASSIFIED FEB94 M-ro.2 t_ IJnited StatesAir Force 92ndAir RefuelingWing (amC) FairchildA.FB, WA 99011-9588 PublicAfTairs Division (509)247-s704 FAX: (509)2.47-?000 24 June94 FAIRCHILD AIR FORCEBASE, Wash.,-- fui Air ForceB-52H Bomber crashed about?: l6 p.m. today southof the airtrafficcontrol tower on base.The aircraft,was on a localtransition sortie. Theplane was assigned to FairchildAFB, WA asa B-52 trainer. It carriedfour peopleon board. Thereare no survivors. Nameswill not be releasedundl nextof kin havebeen notified. A boardof officerswill invesitigatethe accident. Additionaldetails will beprovided as soon as they become available. Notice to media: Pleaseassist us in notiffing the generalpublic that the AerospaceDay sclreduledfor Sunddy,June 26, has been cancelled atFairchild AirForce Base. AA-tl.t tr3 4ff OIC/tC eE-24-1994 15:E LTnitedStates Afu Force FJndAlr Rdhdhg l+'inj (AItfC] fdrr]tr AIB' WA 99011-9581 Publlc Affri.rr Divirisn (#) 247fie{ FAXI (!09) tfl-20€0 rrtt--r lr a. L-t l, IUU r-! I r rl{ r! 'I +||ry- 9+06-12 ll lune g4 'S/ash, FAIRCHILDAIR FORCEBASB - fu Air Furc€B-52H Bombs ffBshed about 2 :16 p.m. today soudr of the eirtraffc crlrtml towet on bsse. The aircrsft q/Eson a localtensition eoilie. The phe wusassigncd to FairchildAffB, WA asa B.52raiaer- It caniedfou,- people on bos4 Thcircsrdidme arc unlarown d thistime. A bonrd of qfficerc wilt invesidg& the reident. Additlonaldeuils uill bepovi&d assoon asftey becomeavailable. AA-II. ? tt IJnited StatesAir Force 92ud Air Refueling Wing (AMq FairchildAFB, WA 99011-9SBE Public Affeirs Division (509)247-5704 FAX: (s09)247-2000 94-06-l3 25 June94 FAIRCHILD AIR FORCEBASE, Wash.,- An Air ForceB-52H Bomberdssigned to the92nd BornbWing herecrashed about 2: l6 p.m.Friday northeast of theair traffic controltower on base.The B-52H wason a localtraining mission. The aircraftcarried a crew of four, therewere no surr-ivors. Aircrew memberskilled in thecrash were: Col. Robert E. Woltfl Vice Commander, 92ndBornb Wing, Pilot;Lt. Col.Mark C. McGeehan,Comrnander, 3Z5th Bomb Squad- ron, InstntctorPilot; Lt. Col.Kerureth S. Huston, Operations Officer, 325th Bomb Squad- ron,Instntctor Radar Navigator; and Lt. Col,Arthur A. Holland,92nd Operations Group, InstructorPilot. A boarclof officershas been appointed to investigatethe accident- A crisishotline is available for counseling at l-800-72s-1406. Additional detailswill beprovided as they become available. Notice to media: Pleaseassist us in notifyingthe generalpublic that the AerospaceDay ar FairchildAir ForceBase scheduled tbr Sunday,June 26, has been cancelled. -30- AA-l1.3 Tt-tlFa1 P'. ;'= Genera] illichael- Loh Commander, Air Combat Command Langley AFB, vA 23665-5000 General Loh, I am writing in regard to the B-52 accicient at Fairchild AFB, WA on Zl+ June g4; The deceased Lt. CoI. Mark lvlcGeehanwas a close iiiena and classmate of mine through UPT and initial B-52 CCTS. I knew him as a very ]evel-headed, pragmati'c individuaL ' and a iine off icer. When I attended the lilemorial Service at r-aiichild"u"V Ar-8, his widow disclosed information to me that I believe needs the attention of your staff as we]l a$ the Safety lnvestigation Board at f'airchild Ar'8. Since assuming command of the 325th Bomb Squadron on ?4 Feb 94, It. Co]. McGeehanieceived several complaints from his aircrews fr"ssure from the Chief of Stan/pval.' Lt..Col. Arthur "jf*girtguBudil Hdtiana, to fly the airplane to limits beyond the.scopq of traininE rem.riations-. Lt. Col-. IvlcGeehan, after consulting with nii Ops-Offfcers, took those complaints to his superior, CoI' William Pell-erin, Ops Group Commander. McGeehanrs request waS to remove Lt. Col. Holland froni flying orders in advance of the squad.ron deactivation. When this request was not honored, MdGeehan's solution was to f]y with Lt. Co]. HoLland hi'nseLf ' disalLowing anyone else in the 725th to do so. I imagine this situation fostered considerabte tension between HolLand and McGeehani a situation that begged to be defused by a senior officer. . The maneuver being practiced for the airshow at r-ai.rchild .- is highly questionabi-e. I understand the intent was to create an image- of the B-52 wingspan reaching.from "ground to sky.r' Lt. Col, Hotland flew to achieve this image during previous airshows in 199? and L993, and was intent on a repeat perfor- rrBud't"Holland mance thie year. I realiZe that in his career' has distinguisfred himself as a very excellent bomber pilot. He was the #l-Stan/Eval pilot at K. I. Sawyer AFB when I was arriving on station as a new, inexperienced lieutenant. However, my years aE a B-52 pilot teL] me that anyone who banlr" ?_helvy ULmLer in the pattein as if it were a fighter, has totally left his judgement on the ground. Ifm sure that Lt. Col. McGeehan tnoufifrt-he could exert some control over this situation by being in tfie airplane. In the end, he cou].d not. I am very concerned that no sehior officer on the base was willing or able to look back at Lt. CoI. Holland's flying record and insure against any repeat of unsafe, unwarranted flying maneuvers. AA-l?. I Now the most positive effort that can be made is io insure against any recurrence of this type of needless peacetime adcident. To that end, I believe Col. Brooksr Wing CC' CoJ. Pe]]erin, 0G, and Col. Harper, Asst.0G (now on the lG Team at Langely AFB ) should be offered the opportunity to explain this cbntinued irresponsible flying activity within the p?nd Bomb Wing, Sir, I believe this information is best handleci within the Air Force. I would prefer not to present it to a CongresslllElrlr given the probability of negative publicity fof the Air Force ind possibly the widows of the four deceased airnen. Please replY within 7 d.aYs. Sincerely yours, H*,./ (.Eo*u Kenneth C. Pearce ccr Ivraj. General Running' . US$r/SE Colonel Cristol, ACC/SE Safety Invebtigation Board President, Fairchild AFB, VriA AA-12.2 t DEPNRTMENTOF THEAIR FORCE HEADOI'JARTERSAIR COMBATCOMI,iAN D IJANGTEYAR FORCEFAsE, VIRGINLA l8 July 1994 MEMORANDIJI\4FOR ColonelMchael G. McConnell President,Accident Investigation Board clo 92 ARWJA I EastBong Street,Suite 215 FairchildAFB WA 9901l-85 I 7 FROM: HQ ACC/JA I 14Douglas St, SuiteI l+ LangleYAFB VA 23266-2774 SUBJECT: Letter From Mr. KennethC. Pearce At GeneralLoh's specific request, the attachedletter from lv[r.Kemeth C. Pearceis forwardedto you for your considerationand action in connectionwith your dutiesas President of the culTent AFR I I0-14 AccidentInvestigation into the eventssurrounding the recentB-52 crashat Fairchild AFB W4 GeneralLoh is mostconcerned that the allegationsand facts raised in this letter be addressedin your investigation. ,4 BRYA}TM. CALDWELL, COIONCI,USAF Acting Staff JudgeAdvocate Attachment: K. C. PearceLtr, I July 1994 cc: lZAF/JA ilAtch gtt EJ P,,Hfrl +,*,',- o I t rl H o H {I4E 0e-r =.=ED f! - _==bd r-I E q!-F' f-r - (n == ID H U tDAr! F9 t? +-:= g t! FU + F D] Fg ,19 fr{tr qEil v F+r FF s? rd ID (n CFI F{ F{ tl) =HtJl H o - I 3 Fi T-J s3 Ir- (') -r F} r)FEJ F fF - F sr a, Fi:5F 1 H (D6) - o +f)- -r - cF a Ilr Hrlri - Er t - H F? e ^.' 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PRoCEEOo/A (Oal4 ,3:E-REDar-- lr8vel AfiE) 'ERSoNNELLISTEoBELowwtLLFRoCEED|NDE5|G'NATE0AIRCRAFT PROPERSTATIONS r UFON COTIIFLETIONOT TT.iCii WII-L RETURNTO 2'l Jun 9'l tcFT TYP€ FAIRCHILD4FBI{4 TIME 10. TO (rdneEry-lJstalilteld nafiE's) :AI(EOFF TIME ffiRrzED FLIGHT frffi-sttruot AilD MssloN srATEl/ENr. - - - fr6-ffAiib*\thlil Asi'uii,rE'Conmanlm oF rI{E AcFr IN WHICH i.ING THAT PORTION OF TT{E MISSION ACCRs ERVISED TRNG/EVAL IS CONDUCTED IAW / T3M INSTRIJCTKINS AREsuBJEGr TO ERT/EPERSONNELNOTON EXTENDEDAGTtvE,lyI ?;i6ffioNs'iiF irre uNrroriir,ri-ciiie or MLITAFYJUSrtcE WHILE VARIqTIONStN ITINERARYAUTHORIZEP lFORriilNGTHIS DUTY. N.FLIGHT DUTIESDURING THIS FLJGHT. AIRCREW -FrRsrt'rAME 'tn'oot= fNrrlqL 'GRADEry9 '9 frsr t{ArrE f::yYenorasitgt|€doranEcfiEd !?#Y']jj:tjjg,,,/1,#,I"ir3n::,,m,*torflvlns ro tssulryutil\ POSIT|ON ffiJffi"J;-ffiiJ"*uaty Eteatance,tta{,lrtfi,d-rttrffid,nt (s{ipAFR6O-1 ttdlcate t|duduafs unll ol aeslgnnle.nt'l lotds#,s) -FF IP lvlARKC., LTC 2158 3?5BS/ACC gzOG/ACC IP . ARTHIJRA. LTC, 0756 MR KENNETHS. LTC, I7O2 3258S/ACC u? I C"L 15. APPROVINGoFFICIAL (mb aN slgnafitrE) ACCOT']{TIHG C]TATION N/A TDN: FORTHE 17. AUTHORIW N/A DES|GI.IANONAT{D LOCATIONOF HEADCIUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE turel OR AUTHENTICATTON '{d'ig#-^, NNHTHS. HUSTON, LTC. USAF ERATIONS OFFICER F) AA-15.i I :{ c oi ts t< o -l q= T t F D \ Eo -. * SE dr P c tr 2 ; T +i t = i\ o c \ E D J o a - F 3 o E o ss lrl (]{-ri8EE= \T = F<- ti F T o sFsE E o N' s 5 b- R E sE r/| ! 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':oEEgE q =s:s€fi ':oioE 'a.gott Ea F { :.8 EEE o g.EEEE 3 o9 E:E€E.E EEEEE-3 IE 'i:o E.E.; b9 {,c irEiEE r# g ETE.= cntr G C6 o ;EEI FE 6 EdE .Et cE t, fql t Tt .= :3=EEc f?E t, 3lso oE .E e.E E 3'F .gu E gt+ |! gE5e eg E .s EE E'=Et a -B qIEC .c - E { EigE 6 E I E.EEEI iEE r! 6t E EEE E jE p:EE.9 s:5 {, II E o 33€ c ri,li Ef,E0 € geE EgE=E*====Es 6EE 'E-" q-,.!"!!vlqtqo'lEo jH$t Ee ...E 'FFllc !rG c ------2tEZEs o * I EEEE=EEEEEEA ;R.IE =s ct H6tO166crYrFFo= o tti-rftFl 6rt6FroE x oE=f=====f=- gE e (l EE ;;Eo { ;======g=== EHFs E E aFFFFFTFFF lE do 66FFcGralft(d .f4dE iEHI E Ffffrfr{rt69l M-16. 2 30 Aug 94 MEMORANDUMFORCoLONELMICHAELG.MCCONNELL FROM: Capt ThomasL. wall (MaintenanceBoard Member) SUBJECT: Aircraft 6l-0026 AccidentInvestigation in accordancewith the l. This review of the B-szH aircraftmishap is respectfullysubmitted 94: guidanceset forth in paragraph3 of He rwelfth Air Forceletter dated 19 Jul- g4,gzdBomb AFB, wA' Mishapaircraft-B-52g, SN 6l-0026,24Jun. wing, Fairchild systemor maintenance z. I found no significantinegularities or deficienciesin the life support was reviewed: recordsdating back 60 days. The following documentation CurrentAFT Form 78ls Core AutomatedMaintenance System Records Aircraft JacketFiles Life SupportRecords on PersonalEquipment EngineRecords l*Iumber3 Phasecompleted I I Aug 93 Testimonyof Lt Col Day andSrA Garcia equipment' The helmet 3. of relativesignificance was Col Wolffs fieatmentof his life support in accordancewith and mask,temporarilyissued to him, werenot properlyfitted to him TechnicalOrdir l4P3-4-151paragraph 5-26a'(TAB ,4,4'-7'6) aircraft commanderor 4. The Air Force TechnicalOrder Form 46 was not signedby the AA-7'4) designatedrepresentative in accordancewith ACCR 55-2 paragraph6-8'c'GAB maintenanceor 5. Throughoutthe testimony and review of doswnentatiort,there were no to this document logistics discrepanciesthat were a factor in this mishap. There are attached 55-2 paragraph6-8c. copiesof Technicalorder r4p3-4,lsr, paragraphs-26aand ACCR fuA^'J"4 THOMASL. WALL, CaPt,USAF MaintenanceOfficer AFR 110-14 InvestigationBoard AA-1"7.1 .,Jt 1..-r-,:.1 1.._ -ft-n'1, r''\.. /' AccR st-t8 AIR COMBAT COMMAND REGULATION TRA INI NG BOMBING / NAVIGATION/ AGM TRAINING % W I MARCII 1993 OPR: HQ ACC/DOTW DBPARTMENTOF THE AIR FORCE HEADQUARTBRSAIR COMBATCOMMAND AA-18.1 \CCR5l-l8 I lv{archl99j during low lwcl opcrations in licu of a fix ryrnbol nre excetdcd or contact ciuutot be cstabtished over and rc4uircd information on the chafl: normal PMSV channcls, thc following opriorrs are 3.14.9.1. Rccord ATAs for each entr; on thc availablcin priority ordcr: flight plan that has an ETA (not including rollout 3.15;3.1. Requcsta GlAl'IT TALK GIF SSB) points). A check mark will sufftce if thc ATA is phone patch dircctly to rhc designetedPMSV. The within one minute of the ETA. PMSV gcographical identifier (c.9., Castle Mcuo) 3, 14.9.2. During dcviationsfrom routc corridor. will bc usedfor ajl trarrsmissions. 'informarion will bc recordedon the flight pluVchart 3.15.3.2. Contect thc 2 WG/CP and requesr a $o that aircrafi plannedflight pat}rand profile can bc phoncpatch with 2 WSA'VSU. fully reconstruacd.' 3.15.3.3. Contactany PMSV on an ACC basc. 3.14.10. On a low eltitudc training mission. l.l-1.4. Without updatcd in-flight urcather pilots will monitor thc aircraft position using visual information from any sourcc. the decision to cntcr fixing and/or radio aids. Fixes necd not bc recorded will bc besedon crew judgmcnt, coruidering such during this monitoring. factors as forecast wcather, altimeter .scttings and "D" values,ard observcdweather. 3.I5. Wcsthcr lnfotlrrtion. 1.15.5. A.fter exiting the low altitudc route or 3.15.1. The local wcathcr unit will providc lraining airspacecach individruJ sonie or thc last weethcrsuppon IAW ACCR 105'l lrnd ACCR 5-r-1, aircrafl in a strcam (or as specified in the OPORD) Volume l. llying low attitude routes will fonvard a FIR.EP to 3.15.2.Theajrcrcw will plan Pilot to Metro Scrvicc onc of thc designatedPMSV conucts for the routc or (PMSV) contactsin advance.Prior to pcnetralionlo 2 WS/WSU. lf significant weather was present, fte thc low altitude router'uaining airspacc. they will crew will report the cxtcnt, degrce, magnirude. attcnlp( to contact one of thc wcether flight PMSV pcrtincnt limiting wEether factors and r'r,hether the sutions desigrrateddruing thc prctakcoff briefing for roule uriel;USablC. lalest information of significant enrouie weatlter. This contactwill bc as near lo penetrationtitnc as 3.16. Low Altitude ClcarancePlane Settingr. possibleto ensurc rcceipt of the latest significattt 99 ECRG/RDRwill be responsiblefor establishing wEatherinformation available at lhc PMSV sution clcnrunce planc se[ings for training routev]IOAs for the low altitude route. and rcstrictedareas. 99 ECRG/RDR will send thc NOTE: The rcquircmcnt lo oblein updatedweather consolidatedlist ro all bomber units, NAF/Dovs. infornration in flight may bc waivcd al the aircrclv's and irpplicableHQ ACC agcncics. Agencies auart optionfor missionswhich enler lou' levelwithin l % of rcr;uiremcnts for changes in clcarance planc hours afler rakeoff. scttirrg,s will fonpard this information to 99 3.15.3. Whcn communicationsrangc limitations ECRG/RBD with information copy to NAF/DOVs M-r8.2 ACCI{.5t-tt I lHarch I 993 MINIMTJMCI.EARANCE PLANE SETTTNGS DAY NIGITTIB.IIMC Non' Non' Mountainous Mountitittou-s Mountainous Mountainous B-52 400 6o(l 500 700 BasicNVG QUI 500 700 Adr,anccdN.VG QuaJ 400 600 GCC LcvclB/C 300 5(xl 400 600 B-t 400 5(x) 400 500 GCC LcvclB/C 300 4(l(l 400 500 NOTES: t. MINIMUM TNTF ALTITUDESFOR MILITAI(Y TRAININOROUTES IN FLIP AP/IB and AP/3 AI.ID THOSEFUBLISI{ED IN 99 ECRGCLEARANCE PLANE LETTERWILL TAKE PRECEDENCE.IF HIGFIER THAN TFIE ABOVE LISTED ALTITLIDES. 2. FLY VISUAL CONTOI.JRDI.JRING DAY TA/TF VISUAL COI'IDITIONS ONLY. THE VISUAL CONTOUR ALTITI.'DE WILL BE NO LOWER THAN'I'HE MINIMUM TA/TF DAY CLEAFANCE PLANE SETTING FOR TI{E TERRAIN OR TTIE MINIMUM ALTITUDE FOR TI{E ROUTE SEGMENT/AREA WI|ICHEVER IS HIGI{ER. MAN-MADE OBSTRTICTIONSMUST BE TAJ(EN INTO ACCOUNT WHEN DETERIVIININGTFIE CL-EARANCE PLANE AND'l'llU AI.TITUDETO BE FLOWN. ] CPSLO\\,ER T}IAN 3OOFEET WILL NOT BE USEDf:OR. AMY TRAININOOR E}GRCISEMISSIO.|TiS 4. DO NOT VIOLATE ffiDERAL AVIATION ACENCY RECULATION9l-79 FOR AFry REASON (for cxamplc,do notfly within -t00feet of anypcrson, vesscl. vclricle. or structure). 5. All crewrncmbers must be GCC Levcl B or C to uscLcvcl B/C CPSunlcss accompaaicd by an instructor. 6. Thcscare the minimumaltitudes authorized under prcvniling conditions. Units will plan and train tor+'ards thesenrinirnum allirudes, but theacrual altirude flowtt may bc anlnvhcreberwecn the minirnumTMl'F altitudeand thc publishedIFR altitude. The determiningfactor rvill be crewjudgment, based on evaluationsof aircrafr c4uipment.weather conditions. eircrew capabilities, prolicicucy. and fatiguc. 1. Do notconduct low altitudcbomb/ECM runs agirirrsl scoring sites at an allrtudebelow t-he rrrinimum tracking alrirudcfor anvtargct hing attackcdunless accomplislrirrg l Dcfcnsivc Action Bomb Run, 8. B-l crcwsnot NiBhYIMC TF qualifiedmusl rcm;rirr irr VMC (5 FfMvisibility and t500 foot ceiling). 9. Aircrewsmust bc constantlyewarc of wealhercorrdiliorr-s. Crcws not IMC TF qualified$at encourtterIMC rvill immcdiatel-r'climb to IFRaJtitudc. Climb lo IFR;rltitrrdc uldcr visual conditrons whenever possible. Figure l. I MirunrunrClcarancc Planc Sctrings M-r8.3 t0 Ctungesrequire at lrut twohours urd fifteen J IJ I T .AFIERROUTE E\TRY AJRCRE\I'S SCFEDt.l]-ED EI\T'OUTE mtnutes advence noQflcauon' Include as NruST MAINTAfi{ TIME t?ri MINUTES- AIRCREwS lilbrmatron addrcssecsclesignated Pilttt, tu lvtEtro POINT TFTESETOLERA.}iCES Sr.nrcn (PMSY) l;t)ntAELq.Air Forsc filobal WEa$cr UI'.ABLE TQ TI1AItsITAIN ABORT T}IE ROUTE Central (AFGWC/WFO), ald HQ ACC/DOWR MUST (chaneesonlv). J.I].t I. WHEN A MISSION IS CHAJ\'GED ' ARE ASSIGED. r.ii.l.f . Fqr ORI missions'HQ ACC/ICIO will A]-JD NEW ENTRY TI\4E(S) USE PREV]OUSLY rrotifv lvlASMS and unit schcdulcrsof tlre first a'rrrj TFE AIRCRETII.WILL NOT TIME(S). last ichedulcd ent{Yrimes into the ORI route,as wcll SCHEDULED EIffRY/sMA tvlilitary Training as scparationberween aircraft. J.11.2. Non-bombcr IFR f .tl.t.f . When notihcd of an ORI rnission. Routcs(lRs). desiringto fly'non-bomber[Rs N,{A$MSwill preempt all schcduledtrairung on tlte 3.13.2.I. Unis with the aPFrof,nate ORI route in suppon of Ore bomber ALTRV- In will rchedulc such raining addrtion. MASMS will enrtrrc non-interfnrr'nr'r''rt schedrrlingacriyih- listed in dre FLIP AP/lB rcute with tlrc hcduling any paniciparing ft-xedscoring sitc by preempting descriptiorr. Compl,v sc previousl.vschedrrled training. Uniu undergoingart requirementsof rhc rot'te ari€inaung/scheCuling requiretnents. ORI will delctcunuscd timcs frqnr MASMS' acrivir.v- In t}rc absencc of srch 3.13,1.{. Units will b€ responsible for scheduleflights so as lo reach the route entra- Pornts intervalslhcreafier, lor schedulirrglR flights $o aircraft reachthe entrv point on the houror at 20*mrntrte .rrll\crLaJir ar lrtrcr*"L vf l6.u IJ t,,l"st*' El";' Ll"'*o *,,,..,,p1-.0100. 01n0. 0t-10. 0E00. +rg. "l'--lJ Tll"fE' *5 eilsurc a minimttm of l0 minutcs s€Pflrationbetrveen WILL ENTER ONLY AT SCHEDULED enry cannol be rnade aircrall at each low level scoring site to ensurc MINUTES. lf the scheduled tolerflnce, the uts of rubtequent s,ge,'irtg capability, AIRCILAFT IVILL EIITER svithin ths sbo{,s O}TLY AT $CI{EDULED TII\'IE. *?IZTh{INUTES. prirrrrryor rliernatc 'inry poinlr/timer ii nirthnrizlr'l If the schcdulcdcntrl cannot bc ntadc within *2r'1 providcd lhc nircretv hiu been so bnel'ed snd tt'ill mjnutes,tlle usc of zubsequentprimar;' or alternatc ttt;rirrt;rirrroutc tiIninS. nolr-bomber IR' cntry pointgtimcs is authorizedprovided dre aircrerv i.11.2.2. Whcn schedulinga has been soschcduJed afld brief€d' Bomber sueam uniu will coordinatc wirh rlrc route scheduling missiorrsrvill normally have l5 minutcs saFarauon . acdviqvto cnsuresr.rfiicient sterile dme is provided to fronr othcr aircra-fl/flights, arrd all bombcrs in a prevcnt conflict (overrutVovertalc)with othcr route weather strcilm milsf r.nler within t7% mintllcs of thc Uafilc. Unrts wrll AISOCOqrdingle suppofl l"{.Aslv{Scrttry tintc for thc strcflnl.Unit schedulerc rr,iththe loc.r,ltvcgther squadron. urc rc:ponciblcfor cnruring QtlrQuloceperrtion of l.ll.?.1 HQ ACC/DOSBmrrst aFFrnvF' n nnn- eircreft rvithin 3 rueiun by tirning hnmhcr [R fnr rrsr: Fnnr lo rrnit activit]'. t9 3.ll 1.5. MASMS will provideroute allocations ECRC/RD will evaluate non-bombcr IRs upon n'hich rvill rluure cpocing it meinnined by ell requcst from HQ ACC/IIOSR Apprnval will he. aircraft conducting activiry on bomber lfu' The bascd on rcvierv of the route to cnsurc it nrects the it daily TTR schcdulg will tefleqt 4ll assignedroute routc criteria spccrfiedin this chaPter, is srrn'evcd IAW ACCR 55-34 or a suryey has idenufied umcs, 'and .'l.I L I.6. SafeseparaLion of aircraft on low levcl unchancd ob$lructions other haz.rrds to low routcs nrust bc the primary concsrn of aircrews and alutude flight wrthin the route, and environrnental the route schedtrlcrs. All schcdulerswill devotc their full rcquircmcnls for bornber operationson 'l-l'K Elrtrv lirrrry'SwlAtitttc rcqucrts It.ivc [i+cn mct. AtlCntlonto -fraining fronr airborne aircrews. No information rtrtlll bc I. 11.2.4. VFR Mrlrtary Roules (VRJ). passed to an aircrgw until thc unit $chcdulcr 1.11.2.5. Units may fl-v VRs if thc provisrons EonJinnsthe Entrv/SMA times through MASMS or lpplicrrtrle to rton-bontber Rs are met- routc schcdtrlingauriontv. When possiblc.it phortc l. l.l .? (r Aircrafi will enter VRJ onlv nI patctrrvill bc esublrshccJbctrveen thc ullit scltcdulcr. dcsrgrr;rtcdroutc points. Aircraft rvill exrt only at (hc comrnandpost conuoller, and the requesting dcsignatcd route points unless weather condiLiotrs or erc.*'. Onec ccrnbtirhod tlre unit rchoduhr rvill pur en cmf rsrnq lrtUatinn rliclales nthr,rwi,rr. rhe inforrrrcriqn or listen while thc rnntrnller relayt the inforrnarionro dte requestingcrew-. Exchangcof 3.1a. lrr-fliglrI C:'tw Pr'occdurcs. ErrrryiSiv'tA tinrcs bctween units musl bc l.14 I. During TA,rl'F or vlsunl colt(our accornplishedthrouBh MASMS opcrttlotls, aircrervsaje encouragsd lo CcvtStc lrom AA-I8 . 4 j I .t tr't r- EI s -i FJ *l tt c s i -l z C tr o = EJ u > c t{ ffi E \ EgilEF fHq' f,:= H[Efff,:'i= r oF F iFFE if Ii f FEi rl' t. z z [;Efr:F FT F E+E E =E ; = FflFFEi F [iF E F =+F *$i z (V [ x I i$E+ CI bJ T ntiqE19;g E s F F' ts \ i?f[H TE Ei F' z o trl F:f[ F it Fg I F,EE = ts q)E F F ;t il$ +r iF z (rt isF L4J FEI td o tlt o e c =E Ui =2, F c z € L = .j -t E H' z -i C) o tt E 1 -( z F € o .{ ii z r 14 CJ ia- C q, E =E z - ri zd !lA H> Fl> Fl n HB-l -l E -€ E ts-l ; c) E gE D> =2, EF i( zr Hb = E = i.' x'E ?z r LJ HE vt e z FI i/'O trl cE z'i EVl z };E q (.)z ,fr o + w c{ qd HH;iF z (q tal i F t:I u t. E< B trt () Ht z r< EHFtrr tEJ c- o b { oE o GI s E z cJ tqt t( Fl trT i o tll = F + trt z i + ? z o C s w zl c] ?= o z a z c E F =: ts -l t Eg c F t -l AIF(RAF I ORIGINATINCSTA tION PREPO5ITIONEDLIFE 92d BOl.lBWINC I B-51 SUPPORTEQUIPMENT FnrRclllLD AFB, l.lA. 9901 4 LOCA TION i wrrsstottNo /coNF16 ROUTINE FAFB, WA HISSION EQUIPMENTINSTALLEO OTE : TRCHAFTCOMMANDER OT DESIGNATED REPRESENTATIV PLEASESIGN BACK OF THIS FORMPRIOR TO DEPARTURE. PREVIOUSEDITION WtLL BE USED M-20. I prepotrtrone thts atrcra fI on the dd le rnd'( e t ed IS5UING I tefttty tha I the lie llpPOn egutplnent ,i5ted On thi! lorffi ir d on AGENCY OA II. OHAOE NAMF t4 -F I*'iltfit &*, fau h.fr*+r) T cERTrFrcATroN (To b€ codrpl€ted by aircraft NAMEAND DATE NAME AND OATE NAME.ANDOATE NAM,EAND OATE }:i-,a." L {-i7-rl HEI\,1AAK 5 LIFE SUPPORT 325ns/opoot, AIRCREI,I'vvul FaIrrChILu Al'r ' wA l-.ruuu DliN: b57*2467 ot 657-2214 l{8o-Fr!- ltal0J168 M-20. 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L.+I ++.lr> +i';+ ill i t.t I lllllrllllI ir lrlllllrilI ltl I i I il atttatI tt .- ffi1ry.*4,,. 4.a c-..afr:*.a 'rs+fliFr'r {iDt+rl+ Report on the VideogrammetryAnalysis of the B-52H Accident Preparedfor AFR 110-l4 MishapInvestigation Board Principal Video Investigators: Mr. StephenC. Jetrsett Dr. LeonidI. Rudin 30 August1994 Cognltech,Inc. 2800 28th Street,Suite l0l SantaMonica, CA 90405 AA-22. 1 oe,Er.r., fi Il0 f96 53os l Table 0f Contents ...... 9 I+A*tt. t 5-uF B9/€r/94 "l 1l fru Jirb 1. Situation an Air Show at Fairchild Air On June Z4th, lgg4, a B-5ZI; bomber crashed while rehearsing for pass over the runv"ay and then Force Base, spokane, waSlrington, The uircraft maclc a approxinrately 180" of performed a tight turn around the base control tower. Afler traversing ground. Thcrc were no survivots, and thc turn, the aircraft banked over almost 9O" and struck the on the evcning news' air.craft was completely destroyed. That evcning. thc crash was reported and a small portion of a video dipicting'the crash was shown' In eurly July, Cogniteclt 1994' volunteercd irs services ta aid the Air Forccin its investigarion of the crash. On July lglh' lloard at Cognitech was contacred by Col. Michael McConncll of lhe AFR I lO- 14 Investigation wcrc asked lo analyze Fairchild AFB and askcd Io assist in the invesrigatioD. specifically, wc possible the motion of tlre vidco recordings of rhe accidcnt and derive as much infonnarion as on aircraft, especially during the last 2O-3O seconds of fligltt' using Overthe course of the next f€w weeks, new motion analysis software u'as configured video' On Augtrst ?9, Cognitech,s proprietary image processing tools and applied to the acciclent Itrvestigation lgg4, firnal results were faxed to Major \fiy'artcnMontgolnery of the Accident board. 2, Materlal 2.1 VldEo tecordlngs on tape' At the time of the accident, sevcral individuals were recording the ailcrall's fligltt Board for copies of four vides tapes were sent to cognitcclt by the Accidelrt Investigation was analysis. Two of rhese tapes werc filmed by individuals standing near the runway' one one was filmed by an individuat standing off the runway behind several parked aircraft, ancl of the final trtt'n filmed by an individual standing in a driveway off base. All the videos slrow all and video leading up to rhe crash, and two show the crash itself. Each vidco has botlt an auclio rcspcct their poilion. Alt tapes wcrc marked wirh the name of the individual who recorded it' To will rcferred privacy, however, we will not use those narnes in this report. Instcad, the tflPes be to us ()n to as video l. video Z, video 3, and vicleo4. All werc copics of thc originals, supplied whilc rhe standard VHS format. The first thrcc rapes were sent lo Cogrritech on July 22. 1994, final tape was sent on Atlgust I' 1994' -1- Gognlteoh, lnc. E,l,1 Video l: E t, I A\q66 \t AA-22.3 t r.e'i: lr I 'r'' Ei f lo 396 f3Ea ee,Br,e4"l 1"" P.1.1 Video 1: feet bcaring This video was taken by an individual standingnear the edge of thc runway, 3300 vidco was 34lo from the conuol rower, and 46O0feet bcaring 349e from the crash site. This quitc long, showing more than l0 minutes of the flight' ending in the craslr' 2.1.2 Video2: This video wastaken frorn atopa setof bleachers,erected in preparationfor theair shou'the following day.The locationwas 3100 fcet bearing OI l" from thecontrol lowcr' and420O feet bearing 356" from the crash site.The copy of the taps we rcceivedshows the only thc last few rninutes of the flight. The crashis plainly visible' 2.1.3 Video 3 This video was taken from a driveway off base,57o0 feet bearing329" from the control tower, and ?lOO fect bearing 3Zg" from the crashsite. The tapeshows approximatcly lO minutes of the flight, ending in the crash.Just before impact, ths aircraftdisappears behind a ltanger.arrd the video camera is lowered or droppedand is no longer pointing at the aircraft-The voice of the individual recording the tape can be heardseveral timss both before and after the accident' 2.1.4 Video 4 This tape was takenfrom behinda row of parkedaircraft on thebasc, 8lO0 feet bearing042" from the control tower and 84O0feet bcaringO33e from the crashsitc. lt shows sevcral nrinutes of the flight, but does nst show lhe momentof impact' 2.? Collaterf,l Informatian 2.2.1 Data In addition to the abovetapes, several other pieces of informationwere supplied to Cognitech' Theseinclude detailedmeasurEments of scveralstructurcs seen in the vidco as well as their positionsrelative to eachof the cameras.Also, a mapof the areawas provided. Schcnratics of a B-5ZH bomber were provided, from which comPutermcasurements were taken nt Cognitcclr- 2.2.2 PhotograPhs Three photographsof the aircraft takcn during the final turn were suppliedto Cognitech. These -2- Cognltech, lnc. AA-22.4 B9/El *{ photographswere takenfrom a positionsimilar to thatof video l, above,and aidedthe identificationof objectsnot clearin the videos. 3. Acrlvllles Cognitech,Inc. is a scientificimage processing company, located in SantaMorrica, Califor-nia. Cognitech'sre$earchers arewell recognized fortheir contributions in the field of inrage proaosuiug, (sccAppcrrrtil l). Cug,rritcult lras rluvulupcd sevelal algorltlllll$ anil sollware IOOIS relevantto motionanalysis from vidco. These include: . Multiscaleframe matching and apparent velocity field calculations fronr video . NonlinearPDE filters for moqphologicalanalysis and restoration of motionvrdeo . Multiframefusion algorithm for combiningvideo into superresolvedfrarnes While theabove algorithms deal with apparentnrotion calculations, we concludedthat a photogrammetricapproach would deliver a morestable result, particularly due to theavailability of highly accuratemeasurements from thescene of theaccident. An cxistingCognitcch proprietarysingle frame measurement tool was lhereforc integratcd with neu,kinenratic codc developedjust for thisapplication. This singleframe measuring tool hasbeen validated in manyCognitcch forpnsic inraging applications.We considerthis new kinematic photogrammetric tool experimcntal until it canbe validatedand calibrated using data from controlled experinrents. We hope that suclr data rvill be providedto us by theAir Forcein the nearfuture. 3,1 Toof Development Codewas writtenthat would take data points taken dircctly fronr the video, and from this generatethe neededflight parameters,After reviewingour initial results,the program was modifiedto takeinto accountthe aspect ratio of thedigitized video image. 3.2 ObtainingData To obtainthe data necessary for thisanalysis, the first thrcc videos wcre taken to anoff srtc videostudio, where they were transferred on to BetaSPrecording stock for digitizing.Due ro the largeamounts of datainvslvcd (digitizing just the final 30 secondsof tlreflight from one rape wouldproduce over 600 MB of data),only the final 25 secondsof flightfrom vidco 2 was -s Gognitech,lnc. I\r+* /-t . J UY.Ut, !d 6 JILr ..7tr l*uF I'r'|1rrF! (59.94 fields per sccond, for a sampling digitizcd. From this, evcry 20th field was actually used both on and off the aircraft were rate of 3 samples/second). From these fields, critical points identified their exact screencoordinates measured' 3.3 Processing Data analysissoftware' and run on a Data obtained from the video images was input into our motion Power Macintosh BIO0/8O Hewlett packard 73i UNIX worksiation. Data wa.sthett $ellt to a computer where it was plotted and printed' 3.4 MaterialProduced of graphs displaying Final output from this analysis cottsistedof this repofl and a scrics InvestigationBoard on August 26' 1994, calculated pflrametsrs. These graphs were faxed to the and this report was sent soon afterward' 4. Algorlthm 4.1 Statementof Problem three parameters' Tlre choice In order to characteriae thc position of a point in space, one needs Although any coordinate of these parameters depends on which COOrdinate$ystem is used' in this casc' with tlrc sy$tem could be chosen, a spherical syslem was the mosl convenient thcn, arc r, whiclr is tl'tc camera defined as the origin. The three position parametersneeded, position along the horizotr; and Q' distance from the center point; 0, which is the object's angular (see I These three paranreters which is the object's angular position above the horizon figure )' point can thcn bc calculatcd as uniquely describe the position of a point in $pace.Velocity of the the rate of change of the point's position through time' -+ Cognltech,lnc. 44r ltr+-t 1-o E 31t] fFb 5lO6 O9/rbl,F4 1""-,r+.1 Flgure I To characterize the position of an object in spacc, as opposcd to a poin(, six paramcfcrs are needed. As before. the first thrcc parameters deteflnine thc position of a poirrt insiqle tlre uhjecr. The final three parameter$ arc angles which detetrnine lhe rotation of the objcct around this point (figurc 2). If ourobject is an aircraft, the first three paranreters will dererrrrirrethc Iocatiorr of the center of gravity (CG) of thc aircraft, and thc last thrcc pflrulltctcrs deterrrrirrethe roratiorr of the aircraft around the CG. For convcnience, the orientation of the aircraft is dcfined try a set of vectors along its pitch, rolt and yaw Bxis.(figure 3). Thus, deternrining tlre velociry of tlrc CG gives the velocity of the aircraft, and computing the aircraft'$ rotation around the CG givcs tlre orientation of the aircraft in space. To computc angle of attack and bank angle, ollc needs only ro compare the directions of the sxis of the aircraft with the direction uf it's velocity vector. The key to solving the problem, thcn, is detcrrnining tlre six position vectors of thc aircrafr in eaclr frame. Once these are knowu, the motion is easily chflracterized. *$ Gognltech, lnc. aA-22.'l Ir": 69/gl ' 94 t 3le f,96 5io8 |,'**.rIP'-r'|' Flgure 2 4.2 MeasuringThe Aircraft The frrst stepin solvingthis problemis measuringthe apparent position and orientation of the aircrafton the screenfor eachframe. Since there are four unknownParameters (three rotations anda scale),at leastfour known points on theaircraft must be located. For thisanalysis, the chosenpoints were the center of gravity(point O), the point on theX axis 100feet ahead of the CG (point l), the pointon the Y axis 100feet from theCG (point2), andthc pointon the Z axis l0Ofeet above the CG (point3). To determinethe positions of thesepoints, Cognitech's Measureprogram was used. This program,developed for theprecise mcasurement of crime scenes,takes the coordinatesof a setof knownpoints in an inrage,and from themcomputes the completeper$pective transformation of thatpaaicular scene. With thisinformation, the $creen coordinatesof unknownpoints can be computedwith ease.For this application,a $chematicof the aircraftwas used to measurethe position of severaleasily-spotted points (i.e. wing tips, nose, tail, etc.) relativeto the cenlerof gravity.Once these known points were entered and located on the image,the screencoordinates of points0-3 werecomputed (figure 4). -F Gognitech,lnc, AA-22.8 gg/Ol/94 ,l E 31O 596 5268 4.3 Camera Effects screencoordittales' unfortunately' as thc catrrera sofar, all of thecalculationshavebeendone in change.To deternrinethe ahsolutc Screen is zoomed,panned, lilted, or moved,these coordinates andsubtracted fronr lhe re|ativescreen coordinates,the cameramotion must be determined fixedpoints on thehorizon from frameto coordinates.This motionis determinedby tracking by Cognitech'smultiscale ntatchirtg frame.Zoom andother transformations are computed theaspect ratio of theinrage. The recordingand software.one otherimportant consideration is asPectratio i$ not I ' lt is usuallystrctched by digitizationpFoces$es produce an imagewhose in theverticar direction. This rntio $omeamount in thehorizontal direction, and comprcssed distortionof objectsin thevideo with mustbe determined**p*ri*"n,ally by observingthe known dimensions. -7. Qognltech,lnc. AA-22.9 tr": t 510 396 5368 69/Bl /94 1""^rr.e':h' 4.4 Solution above,all six position Given the absolutescreen coordinates of thefour points calculated g thc distancebctwccn parameterscan be calculated.The coordinates and$, bothindcpendcnt of verticalscreen the cameraand the aircraft, can be calculateddirectly from the horizontal and -3 point0, theangles ancl coordinatcs,re$pectively, Given the coordinates of pointsI relativeto directlyto thc 3 rotatiott scaleof the planecoordinatc systcm can be dctcrmincd.The angleslead with thescales of parameters.The scale can be usedto calculatethe distance r, by comparingit obi""tr (buildings,roads, etc.) of bothknown size and distance' vectorof the aircraft Having calculatedall six positionparameters for eachframe, the velocity is givcn by canbe foundby computingthe change of positionover timc. Spccd of theaircraft betweenthe the amplitudeof this vector.Angle of attackis givenby computingthe angle angle velocity vectQrand the x axisof the aircraft.Bank angle is foundby computingtlte by r' betweenthe y axisof theaircrafr and the horizon. Altitude is determinedby multiplyin8S -& Cognltech, Inc, lv{-ll.IU g9/ol /81 I f,lO 396 5108 i."s^ r r.eq tt ' I trt I 5.Goncfusions graphs, plot variousflight Our conclusionsare prestrnted in thefollowing which Parameters of flightbeforc impact were nor versustime to impact(Data obtained from thelast 3 seconds The alnrosthead-on orientation of the plotted,due to factthat the datawas gensrally unreliable. inrpossible)' aircraftmade the acquisitionof accurale3'dimensional data -+ Cognltech, lnc, AA-22.11 LFrt'" l n': 6s,Et.'e4 I lls le6 5?e8 I It l"t^ Appendlx1 ComPanYInformation Cognitech,lnc. is a scientificimage processing company, located in SantaMonica, California. Cognitech,sresearchers arc well recognizedfor theircontributions in the field of image processing.In particular,Cognitech's principals pioneered the Nonlinear Partial Differential approachto srichimaging tasks as image/vidco restoration, video frame fusion, multi-scale ssgmentation,image compression, and pattern analysis. Cognitech's resiearchctri are routinely invited to contributcpapers and chair professional meetings. Cognitechhas also been recognized by thepress and national television for successfully applyingits imageprocessing and photometric tcchnology to crinrinalinvestigalions for law cnforcementsnd prosecution/defensetrial usage.Business Week magazine has called Cognitech'stechnology remarkable and worthy of tbeattention of thebusiness community. (BW, August22,1994), Cognitech'sprinciPals are: Dr, I,eonid I. Rudin, Directorof Research& Development,Co'CEO of Cognitech,Inc. Dr. Rudin haspioneered Shock Filters, the Total Variationbascd approach to ill-posedproblenrs, nonlinearpDE filtersfor imagerestoration, and multichannel variational clutler removal' IJe routinelychairs SPIE image processing sessions, and has been irtvited to chairSPIE's First InternationalConference on Investigativeand Trial Inrage Proccssing. He publishesregularly in prestigiousscientific journals. The American Association for Advancementof Sciencehas invitedDr. Rudinto give a lectureon recentadvanccs in nonlincarimage processing' Dr. Rudin is a Sp.ecialistReserve police officer with theScientific Investigation Division of LApD. He hasreceived commendations from theLos AngelesSheriffs andDistrict Attorney's officesfor his contributionsto criminaljustice investigations. Dr. StanleyOsher is a Co-CEOof CognitEch,Inc. He is recognizedas a worldexpert in the field of nonlinearnunrerical analysis, numerical solutions to singulttrhyperbolic FI)E pt'oblettts, andnonlinear interface propagation comPutations. Since co-founding Cognitech, Inc., I)r. Oshcr -10- Qognltech, lno, AA-22.L2 tr\': O9l61/94,1 I Jr6 396 5faa |'"rte{h' in the designand developmentof state'of-the-art co'aborating with Dr. Rudin noll- has bcen His expertisein the dcsignof accurate' basedimagc processingalgorifhms' nonlinearPDE sctscognirech's algorithrrrs aparr r"h"m", fo'ionrmooth probrenrs oscillatory,finite dtff;;;" fromtherestofthecornPetition,evenwhcnproblemswiththesatneanatyticalnrodelsaremathematicsfield and he exrensiveryin rhecomputational Dr. osher haspublished a scnior sorved. in appliednrathematics' Dr' osher iS most prestigiousSournals sgrvesas an editor ro thc irrvitedto addressihe ar UCI-A' Ile hasrecenrly been professor or npptieJ mathematics Internutional Congressof Mathematicians' Consultants: Prof.Pierre*I,ouisLlonsisaco.diregtoratCEREMADEsndaprofessorofappliedhundrcdpublications in of ParisIX' He hasmore than three mathemeticsat th;U;iv*rsity diversefieldsofappliedandcomputarional*t"::t::s'Hehasbeenactivelyworking'andprinclpar consulrant of imageprocessing. *e has beena publishing in the neta or mathematicar Cognitech,Inc.forthclastfiveyears.Intg-9+,ProfessorLionswasthefirstappliedPrizr in rnathematics' Field'smedal' an equivalentro the Nobel rnathematicianto receivcthe Prof.Jean.MichelMorelisaseniorprofessorofcomlutationalappticdnrathematicsattheLions' Professor GEREMADE' alOngwith Profcssor of Paris IX. He is a director at university lastfivc years'He htts consultantof cognirech'lnc' for the Morel has alsobecna principal pioneeredpyramidalmultisca|esegmentationthcory,PDEbasedtnorphologicalitttagegt'otr' ProfcssorMorel andhis CEREMADE affltneinvariant shapc recognition' processing,and is the first inrage world as leadersin imagc processing.He have emerged in the academic processingspecialisttojointhceditorialboardoftheSIAMJournat'Hehaslreenrecognizedby in scienceand technology' many prestigiousEuroptan prizes -11 - Gognltach, lnc. AA-22.13 o 00'E }E'E t9'E 00'? 't't L9'V to'E r['E 19'S t0'9 't'9 L9'9 r0't ?T'L L9'L l0'8 t€'8 89'8 l0'6 ?['6 . 89'6 I l0'01 cgr a ft'01 E q) 89'01 r0'lI ta a0- tt I ?E'lI { 89'lI o .li E E l0'el rt) GI gt'?1 tq 89'UI l0'El 9E'tl - 89'EI t0'Fl gt'tl 89'tl a0'5| - st'sl 89'91 a0'91 sE'91 89'91 LO'LI 9E'LI 89'fl u0'81 . 5t'8| 69'8t 8888qEeEqE *#FsBgHRso AA-22.14 DAILY HECOHDOF FACILITYOPERATION DATE: F LOCATIOT{: FAC[_IrY: P+l d FAIRCHILD AFB, WA TOWER 24 JUN 94 fitlw, HEVFWEOBT gJ{ I CERTIFy that entries are correct ttrat all scheduled operations have been accornplished,oxcoPl as nol€d, and that all abnormal occurpnoos and condilions hav€ been rscorde{l ^ A'+TLttlri*+nlf' fl*f#.L-< TII# UTC FErinE(S .SCTLR, 0530 A CREW ON DUTY, RVI ON AS CMAF, RWY 23 FND RWY 23 ILS IN USE NOTAI,IS:PPR 1,IUL 0900L - 1200L' PPR 24 JUI\r1200f'- 26,IUN 17OOL, ARPT ADVY5: TWY H LIGHTS OUT UFN, }tEN AND EQUIPMENTPERFORI.,IING TVIY SURFACE REPAIR VARIOUS LOCATIONS ON THE PARAILEL TWY UFN' .STUBS 59 AND 60 CLtrSD FOR REPAIR 19 MAY - 1 JUI,Y, NE}TVHF GROU}TDCONTROL FREQUENCY121,8, QUIET HOURSl JULY FROI"I0900L - 1200L, NO ENGTNE RUNS. 0532 INACTI\IE rLS R$IY 05 ACTTVATED' ACN. 0536 RhT 05 ILS HONTTORINGNORMAL, RWY ?3 ILS II{ USE, ACN. 0519 TAPES CHG/CKD, REPRO SATFY, B DFCK IN USE, CHANGEDLATE DUE TO TRAFFTC, FCLC, 1230 RK IN FACILITY TO WORK FOR XX, XX RELEASED. 1330 1?1 .5 AI{D 243,0 CKD, REPROSATFY. 1340 B cREw oN DUTY. DW ON AS WSUPVR. CM.F.F,RH RLSD TO I^/oRKSWING SHIFT SN RLSD FOR PERSONNELAFFAIRS. SI F.LSD BY CCTLF.. 1352 FCLC. 1525 cPA DAILY CHECK, REPRO SATFY. 1900 ILS RLSD TO MAINT FOR PMI I S. ACI\T- 1955 NoTAt4St 25 ,run 94 CLASS D SUP.FACEAREA CLSD lgt 1100-113eL F-lfD 1400.1530L FOR F*18 AIiiD PITTS ASROEATIC FPS,CTICEFROI{ A 5 I"1I4 RADIUS UP TO SOOOAGI, AND 25 JUN FROMO9OO-17OOL. BASE OPS..CG. 2115 cpAr TNFLIGIHT EMERGENCYCZARsz, fi7ufi? HIB-52, AIRCnAFT CRASH rN souTH TRAINTNG AREA, POB' S 3 , ul{trilol{}0 FUEL UNKNOWN' ACN. 2L49 SA ON AS WSUPVR, RWY23 ILS IN USE. 22r0 c *cREw oN DUTY, RC ON AS WSUPVR. HM RELEASED FOR TDY. LATE ENTRY 2120, RUNWAYOPERATOIONS SUSPENDED, ACN. 2232 FCLC. NOTAI{: AIRFIEI,D CLOSEDUFN' +I{0038' GC 2340 LATE ENTRIES: 2113 COMMERCIALPOWER FATLURE' FACILITY ON GENERATOR POhTR. 2252 GENERATORFOFIER FAILUFE, FACILITY ON BATTERY BACKUP powER, AcN. 2330 FACTIJTTYON COMMERCTAIPOITER' ACN' 2338 FCLC. 2345 LATE ENTRY, 2235, RESUESTEDTHAT GEG SECUREA 5NM FJ\DIUS UPTO SOOOFEET FROMNEWS Ii{EDIA. 'i}40039' 0020 NOTA},I: AEROSPACEDAY 94 CANCELLED' DD. MF{; ITS relu t rter/ Jfr S(rvlte a/ or aLor,* d//8 pl AF FORM3616, MAR 92 M-23. I E tp a +@ o D I 1t E o g t aD T Ut d ft F" o H tr tr N tr o o dr C) () g g s o @ I F T s ts E ol I il 3 ul € 3 .D E r! o d o 5 F o AA*74 -? I TAB AA-25 LISTINGOF VIDEOTAPE CONTENTS Tab AA-25.1 Tapeof 19 May l99l FairchildAFB Air ShowB-52 Exhibition secured from DerekB. Riggan Tab AA-25.2 Tapeof 12 July l99l 325thChange of CommandFlyover secured from ShawnR. Fleming Tab AA-25.3 Tapeof l7 May 1992Fairchild AFB Air ShowB-52 Exhibitionsecured from DerekB. Riggan Tab AA-25.4 Tapeof l? June1994 B-52 ExhibitionPractice secured from Allan J. Geisler TabAA-25.5 Tapeof 24 June1994 B-52 AccidentSequence secured from Robin L. Keiser Tab ,{.4'-25.6 Tapeof 24 June1994 B-52 AccidentSequence secured from RonaldL. Petersen ADMINISTRATIVE NOTBS l. Generel Witness Advisement. All witnesses,including those whose testimony was summarizedor not transcribed,were provided the advicecontained at paragraphI and sworn usingthe oath containedat paragraph3 of Attachment3, AFR I 10-14. At the conclusionof their respectiveinterviews, all personswere advised against discussing their testimonywith othersin orderto preservethe individualrecollections of the witnesses. 2. Redection From Witness Testimony. Portionsof individualtestimony were redacted to precluderelease of personalinformation protected by the PrivacyAct of 1974. In the caseof redactionmade at Tab V-33.6,certain portions of testimonyinvasive of the personalprivacy of the witness,or her family,were redacted and replaced with bmcketed words that were necessa^ryto continueunderstanding of the witness'strain of thought. 3. WitnessTestimony. Unlessotherwise indicated in the WitnessListing at Tab4A-26, all witnessinterviews were conductedby personalinterview. Locationsof interviewsare indicated. 4. Testimony of Major Cochren. The misstatementof Lt Col Nehringto Maj Cochran regardingthe releaseauthority of theAFR I l0-14 InvestigationReport being Col McConnell,was identifiedand corrected. Major Cochranwas contactedby telephoneand informedthat the properrelease authority was the appointingauthority, 12 AF/CC, and that no further contactwith her would be necessaryprior to a releasedate. AA-26.1 AU0-31-94 t^lEDl? ; II s2Bu,l I'EPAR'TMENT OF TEE AIR T'ORCE I#ADQUARTERS 92DAIR REFLJELINCwtNG (Alvlc) f. dRCHILD AIR FORCEB/L9E wA.Blt[t{(t'l'ON 3I August1994 MEMORAIIDUM FOR HQ 12 AF/JA FROM: 92 ARWJA I E BongStreet, Suite 134 FairchildAFB, WA 9901l'8517 SUBJECT:Certi{ication of TranscribittgStaff l. Ttrefollowirrg personnelwere Epponted by me to supportthe AFR I l0-14,,Aircrafl Accidcnt InvestigationEoird, nndprovided transcription support for testinronyprovicled by rvitnesses. Msgt FrankCuster, 92 ARW/JA TSgtDaniel J Nelson,92 ARW/JA Tsgt RonaldJ. Duckworth,92 ARW,JA SrAJosh A. Morrison,92 ARW/JA AIC MariaD.L. Cachola,g2 AITWJA Ms,tsarbara Fishop, 92 ARW/JA Ml's,Lisa Aguon, 92 ARWJA Mrs.Trudy Farr, 92 CPTS/CCS z. All personnelassigned to therranscribing stnlf provided dirctly to thecompletiorrof all rvitness testimouyprovidcd tJ thcboard. I'lre following interviews were received and transsribctl by my stnfll Brig CenJames Richartls Lt ColRobert Grant CaptlSrett Dtrgtre' CofWilliarnBrooks Lt Col DennisHuntsinger CaptEric Jottcs Col DavidCapotosti tlQ ACC/DOI7DOTV/DOTO CnptDavid Laur Col RichardFitzhugh Jr. Lt ColRaymondOrtiz TsgtWavne Witnsct Col Stephcnl-larpei Lt Col Miclner{MoCullough SrAAntonio Garcia Jr Col MichaelRuutsala Mnj ThcrcsnCocltran Ml AlcxandcrBrowtt Col ArnoldJulich 419Fliglrt Test $quadron Pilots MrsJodi McGeehan Col WilliamPellerin Muj DonaldThompson FireChief Robert Mirasol Col DennisBnllog Captllrian Andcrson Mr KcnnitltPcarce Col RichaldWirth CaptSteven Carlson Mr LelandWhite Lt Col DavidBullock CaptStephen Coppi Mnj JaySlaugcttltoupt Lt Col SamuelCunningltam Cnpt Clcrn Countcss Mr DclrickRiggan Lt Col RichardDay CaptPeter Donnclly CaptShawn Flctntnittg CaptJesrc Ward, IV AA-26.2 A.[IC- 6h hal Rtocri tor Anatu AU(}-31-94I,JHD l2r2U s2Bti4l 3. I hnveattached to thisletter, a Certificationof Transcriptionfbr eachstatTntetrtttet'wlto $upp0rtsdtlrainvestigation team, I Atclts Certificates of TrarrscriPtion Law Ol]]ceMRrtaEer AA-26.3 P. rl.1 AUG-31-94 HEDl2 : ?tJ e2Br.,o DEPARTMENT OI'THE AIR FORCE gZD HENDQUAIT'II}{S AIR RETTIJELINC WINO (AJVIC) IIAIRCIIILD AIR FORCE BASE WASHINGTON 3l August1994 MEMORA}IDUM FOR 12AF/JA FROM: 92 ARWJA I E BongStreet, Suite l3q FairchildAFB, WA 9901l-8517 SUBJECT:Certificstion of Transcription I l0-14, Aircraft I Ser.ebyswear nnd allirnr that the trnnscription conrJucte.d by rne for tlteAFR Accidentlirvestigation lSonrd, invcstigating thc 24 lun 94,ll-52 ct'fsh,is a tl'ueand Rccurilte trnrrscriptionq[tfie testirnonyprovided by tltewi1ttesses. 'l'ranscriptionSta AA-25 - 4 AMC-Ghbel Rrl,cf tar Ama:lre AUG-31-94 l'.ltD1l: /'J o'lo P,U2 DEPARTMENT OF THE ATR FORCE '-runOQUenrDRS 92D NR R'ErwLlNGWING (Alvlc) raHcuu,D AtrtFoRcIi BASE wAsHINoroN 3l August1994 MEMORA}IDUM FOR 12 AF/JA FI{OM: 9? ARW/JA I E BongStreet, Suite l3+ FairchildAFB, wA 9901l-8517 SUBJFCT:Certifrcation of Transcription nteft,t' the AFR I I 0-14, Air cra{l Iherebysweflrandnfflrtnthatthetranscriptiottconductedby 24Jun g4' B'52 graslt,is a true andaccttt nte Accidentlnvestigati-on Boa'd, investigating the thewitttes'qes' it*nscrifttionof thetestinlony provided by -4 WORTH,TSgt, USAIr AA-26.5 AM /5-GlobU nza& fc r Anrala AUC-31-94 tlED1?: l'3 92,,1 L UJ DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE I{EADQUAR'ITR$ 92DAIR REI;UELINGWINC 1A1Vq; TAIRCHILD AIR FORCEBASE WASI IINOTON 3l August1994 MEMQITAI-TDLIMFOR l2 A.F/JA FROM: 92 ARWJA I E BongStrect, Suite 134 FairchildAFB, WA 9901I-8517 SUBJECT:Certifrcation of Transcription ll0-14,Airrrrall IherebysrvearandaffirnrthatthetranscriptionconductedbyrnefortheAFR is a trueand aqcurate AciiclentInvestigation Board, investigating the 24 Jun94, B-52 crosh, rrsnscripLionof tlre tesrimony pLovided by thewitnesses. r^ -, o t-4\ACr*.-cr.-MARJA a:I+-r[ Q_**L]*J*-- D.L.CACHOI.,A, AIC, USNF TranscriptionStafl' AA-26.6 AMhGlo b al R*h lo r Am eica AUG-31-94HED llt14 9? P' f, u4 DEPARTMENT OF TgE AIR FORCE HEADAUARTER^$INDAIR REFTJETINGWINS (AMC) TNTTTCTU$AIR FORCEEASE WA$I'IINO'TON 3I August1994 MEMORAhIDUM FOR 12 AF/JA FI(OM: 92 AITWJA t E BongStreet, Suite 13q FnirchildAFB, WA 9901l-8517 SUBJECT;Certification of Transct'iption nreflrr the AFR I l0'14, Aircraft t herebysweaf and alllrrn that the trenscription conducted try is a trueand accttratc AccidentInvcstigation Board, invcstigating the 24 Jiln94, B-52 craslt, trnnscriptionof tlrerestinrony provided by tltcwitnesses. DAFC AA-26.7 AI+lhQ b bal Ruch for Am eiu P.Ub AUG-31-94tlED 12:?0 DEPARTMENT OF TEE AIR TORCE wlNG (^-N{C) '--r'rgA-DAU nTERS 9UD AIR REFUELINO i-ehcr'ru,DAIR FoRcE BASE wAsHD{croN 3I Augrrst1994 MEMORA}-IDUM FOR I? AF/JA FROM: 9? ARWJA I E BongStreet, Suite l3q FairchildAFB, WA 9901l-8517 SUBJECT:Certifrcation of Transcription met'or the AFR I I0-14, Air crnft Ihercby$wearnndatlirmtlrattlretranscriptionconductedlryct'ash,is a trueand accttratc Accidctttlnvestignt.i-onBoard,investigntingt|re?4Jun94,B-52 by thewitnesscs ii*ttttip,i"n of thetcstirnony provided D Tt AA-26.B AUG-31-94l,.lHD l2 :23 szHl.ro DEFARTMENT OII THE AIR FORCE I{IIADQUAITTEF*S92D AIR RE}'UELINGWINS (AMC) Fancrn onlR FoRcEBA-SE WA.SltIhlGToN 3l Augrrst1994 MEMOT$}IDUM FOR 12 AF/JA FROIv{: 92 ARWJA 1 E BongStreet, Suite 134 FairchildAFB, WA 9901l-8517 SUBJECT:Certification of Transcription AFI{ I l0'14, Aircrafl I hereby$weflr und allirm thst the transcription condtrcted lry rnef'or the is a ttue an(lacculnl,c Accidentlirvestigation Boal'd, investigating thc 24 Jun94, B-52 crash. transcriptionof thetestimony providcd by thewil.nesscs' JOSHA. MORRISON,SrA, LISAF TranscriptionStafI' AA-26.9 AJtIkGb bal Rlg-dt lor tln6|ie P,Ub AUG-31-94tlED 12t24 DEFARTMENT OF TIIE AIR FORCE (AMC) IIEADQUATTTER.S-- 92D NR REFUELINS WING TNUTCTU*OAIR FORCE BASE WA.$IIINGTON J I August1994 MEMORAI{PUM FOR 12AF/JA FITOM: 92 ARW/JA I E BongStreet, Suite 134 FairchildAFB, WA 9901l-8517 SUBJECT:Certification of Transcription cpnckrcteclby rue tbr theAFR I l0- | 4' Airt:r'afl I herebyswear and nflirrn that thc transcription 94'B'52 crash'is a trueand accurilte AccidcntLnvestigation Board, invcstigating the 2a Jun witnesses' tlanscriptionof tJretcstimony plovided by tltc 1fi&+ld+u {1'7A"ot''7) BARBARAA. BISHOP,G5-6, DA.FC TronscriPtionStaff nrn *f#;39"1P'-,",' HUtr-JI-Uq HEU ll'lq YibHI OF THE AIR FORCE DEPARTIVIENT (AJY{c) 'rfifrreldnRTgtrs * gzn ArR RSI'UELING wINs ilAhtlfll*D AIRFoltcE B/\sE wAsf{ll'IGToN 3l August1994 MEMOTTA}IDTJMFOR 12 AF/JA FROM: 92 ARW/JA I E BongStreet, Suite 134 FairchildAFB,WA 9901I'S51? SUBJECT:Certilicntion qf Transcription conductldby mefor theAFR I l0'f 4' AirCrall I her.ebysl\/ear rnd aflirmthat the transcription the2a Jun94' B-5?craslt' is a trueand ac$ura'e AccidentInvestignt'i'on Boord, in"estigaiillg thewitncsses' ii*"tttiption of therestimony provicled by AA-26.11 Al{C*G&abeI Rco,drlor AtwEa INTERVIEW LISTING LOCATION INTERVIEWED NAME DATEINTERVIEWED Pentagon,Wastrington,DC Brig Gen JamesM. Richards 22August 1994 1994 Davis-MonthanAFB, AZ Col William C' Brooks 12and 24 August Davis-MonttraflAFB, AZ Col David CaPotosti 12August 1994 Fairchild AFB, WA Col Richffd E. Fitzhugh'Jr. 14August 1994 K.I SarryerAFB, MI (telePhone) Col StephenD. Harper 4 Augrrst1994 Det 105,Univ. of CO (telePhone) Col Michael G' Ruotsala l9 August1994 1994 PlansbrugAFB (telePhone) Col Arnold L. Julich 17and 30 August FairchildAFB, WA Col William E. Pellenn l0 and23 August 1994 RamsteinAB, OE (telePhone) Col DennisF. Ballog 20 August1994 FairchildAFB, wA Col RichardC, Wirth 16August 1994 Maxwell AFB, AL (telePhone) Lt Col David E' Bullock lTAu$$t 1994 Langley AFB, VA (telePhone) Lt Col SamuelJ. Cunningham 25July 1994 Fsirchild AFB, WA Lt Col RichardL' DaY 26 July1994 FairchildAFB, WA Lt Col RobertJ. Grant 22July 1994 FairchildAFB, WA Lt Col Dennis A. Hunsinger l8 August1994 Langley AFB, VA (telePhone) HQACC 25July 1994 Langley AFB, VA (telePhone) Lt Col Raymondftiz 9 August1994 Fairchild AIB, WA Lt Col Michael E' McCullough 25August 1994 FairchildAFB, WA Maj TheresaL. Cochran I August1994 AFB 419 Flight TestSqrndron Pilots 9 August1994 Edwards Wright-PattersonAFB, OH(telePhone) Maj Donald W. ThomPson 28July 1994 AFB, ND (teleThone) Capt Brian D. Anderson 22 July1994 Minot Fairchild AFB, WA Capt StcvenR. Carlson 2 August1994 Papillion (telcPhone) Capt StePhenA. CoPPi 8 August1994 J'IE ND (telePhone) Capt Clem Countess 28 July1994 Minot AFB, AcadenrY,CO (telePhone) Capt PeterA. DonnellY 3 August1994 USAF Whiteman AFB, MO (telePhone) Capt Brett A. Dugue' 22 July1994 AFB, LA (telePhone) Capt Eric M. Jones 29July 1994 Barksdale AFB, ND (telePhone) Capt David J. I*ur I I August1994 Minot WA TSgt WayneD. wim$ett 29July 1994 FairchildAFB, AFB, WA SrA fuitonio Garcia Jr. 27July 1994 Fairchild WA tvlr. Alexander P. Brovm 25July 1994 FairchildAFB, WV (telePhonel Mrs. Jodi A McCreehsn I Augrrst1994 New Cumberland, AFB, WA Fire Chief Robert Mirasole 26July 1994 Fairchild WI (telePhone) Mr. Kenneth C. Pearce 25July 1994 Lake Geneva, OR (telePhone) Mr. Lcland White l5 August1994 Gresham, WA Maj Jay P. SlaugenhouPt 26 July1994 Fairchild AFB, WA Mr. Dernck B. Riggan I I Augrut1994 Fairchild AFB, (telePhone) Capt ShawnR. Flerdng I AWU$I1994 Minot AFB, ND (telePhone) Capt JesseE. Ward, IV 23 Augttst1994 San Antonio, TX WA Lt col DoyleW. Isask 25July 1994 FairchildAFB, WA lLt ThomasM. Anderson 2l July1994 Fairchild AFB, WA TSgt RussellE. Shue 2l July1994 Fairchild AFB, WA (telephone) TSgt ReneeA. Teston 3 August1994 Cheney, WA SrA ScottA. Harnngton I August1994 Fairchild AFB, WA SrA PeterE. Kana 27July1994 FairchildAFB, wA SrA VincentB. Smits I AWrrst1994 FairchildAFB, WA AIC JasonL. White 2l July1994 Fairchild AFB, WA GS-l I RonaldL. Petersen 22July 1994 Fairchild AFB, AA-26.12 31 August1994 MEMORA}.IDUM FOR TI{E RECORD suBJ: secondInterviews with col Pellerinand col Brooks and l. The first interviewwith Col pellerinoccurred on l0 August 1993. He was represented accompaniedby CaptainDonny W. Bethel,fuea DefenseCounsel. a. At the time of the interview,I informedboth ColPellerinand Capt Bethelthat a subsequentinterview might be necessary.By the third week,I determinedthat a subsequent intervilw would be necessaryto clearup a few points,but becauseof other short-term commitments,I did not immediatelyinform Col Pellerinof the fact- b. By chanceencounter, I metCol Pellerinon approximatelyl8 August,in front of the FairchildnOes. He askedhow the investigationwas going,whether he would be neededany more for an interview,and if he couldcontinue to planhis PCSdeparture date for 26 August- I told him to continuewith his plans,but that an additionalinterview would be necessary.He offered to come in at any time, but I told him the interviewwas not urgent, and that with my schedule,I would haveio checkmy availabilityand negotiate a time with him. Later that day we spokeon the phone;I cannotrecall who initiatedthe contact. He againoffered to comein anytimeI wanted. I told him, I wasswamped with my cunent schedule,and would haveto delay thi interviewuntil earlythe followingweek. We scheduledthe interuiewfor 0800 hours on22 August. I told him thii would allow meto catchup on my work andgive him sufficienttime to againconsult his attorneY c. The secondinterview occurred on the morningof the 22nd,as pre-alTanged.He was remindedof his previousoath andrights advisement, End was asked if he neededclarification of any points. Upon decliningmy offer,we conductedthe interview. ?. The initial interviewI conductedwith Col Brooks occurredon l2 August . Col Brooks had consultedwith an attorneyby telephone,but voluntarilyattended the interviewwithout being accompanied.The interviewwas recordedby Col Brooks,ostensibly at the urging of his attorney. a. At somepoint after my initial interviewof Col Brooks,I determinedthat a second interviewwith him would alsobe necessary.Before I hadthe opportunityto call and negotiate a secondinterview date, he calledme to discusshis first interview. At that time we informed him of our desireto interviewhim again. He statedhe would let his attorneyknow, and requesteda AA-26.13 I copy of his interview. We telefaxeda copyof the transcribedtestimony to him as soonas it was available.After havingthe chanceto reviewit, we arrangeda mutuallyagreeable time on 24 August to conductthe secondinterview, a telephoneinterview. Like the first, Col Brooks tape recordedthe interviewfor his attorneyto review' AA-26 - 14 CERTIFICATIONOF AUTFMNTICITY I, John F. Armour, herebyswear and affiffi\ that the videotaperecording attached to the foregoingAFR 110-14Investigation Report as Tab AA-25, is an accurateand complete compilationof the originalvideotapes represented to meas follows: l. Tapeof 19 May t99I FairchildAEB Air ShowB-52 Exhibitionsequence secured from DerekB. Riggan Z, Tapeof 1? July l99l 325thChange of CommandFlyover sequence secured from ShawnR. Fleming 3. Tapeof 17 May 1992Fairchild AFB Air ShowB-52 Exhibitionsequence secured from DerekB. Riggan 4. Tapeof 17 June1994 B-52 ExhibitionPractice sequence secured from Allan J. Geisler 5. Tapeof24 June1994B-52 Accident sequence sequence secured from Robin L. Keiser 6. Tapeof24 June1994B-52 Accident sequence secured from Ronald L.Petersen Dated:2 Sep94 JOHNF. ARMOIJR"SBt, USAF GraphicsSpecialists AA-26.15