Brussels, the Avant-Garde, and Internationalism
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Ghent University Academic Bibliography <new page>Chapter 15 Met opmaak ‘Streetscape of New Districts Permeated by the Fresh Scent of Cement’:. Brussels, the Avant-Garde, and Internationalism1 La Jeune Belgique (1881–97);, L’Art Moderne (1881–1914);, La Société Nouvelle (1884–97);, Van Nu en Straks (1893–94; 1896– 1901); L’Art Libre (1919–22);, Signaux (1921, early title of Le Disque Vert, 1922–54);, 7 Arts (1922–8);, and Variétés (1928– 30). Francis Mus and Hans Vandevoorde In 1871 Victor Hugo was forced to leave Brussels because he had supported the Communards who had fled there.2 This date could also be seen as symbolisiizing the 1 This chapter has been translated from the Dutch by d’onderkast vof. 2 Marc Quaghebeur, ‘Un pôle littéraire de référence internationale’, in Robert Hoozee (ed.), Bruxelles. Carrefour de cultures (Antwerp: Fonds Mercator, 2000), 95–108. For a brief 553 passing of the baton from the Romantic tradition to modernism, which slowly emerged in the 1870s and went on to reach two high points: Art Nouveau at the end of the nineteenth century and the so-called historical avant-garde movements shortly after World War I. The significance of Brussels as the capital of Art Nouveau is widely acknowledged.3 Its renown stems primarily from its architectural achievements and the exhibitions of the artist collective ‘Les XX’ (1884–93),4 which included James Ensor, Henry Van de Velde, Théo van Rysselberghe, George Minne, and Fernand Khnopff.
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