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Fishery Bulletin/U S Dept of Commerce National Oceanic Abstract. - Complete series of field-collected larvae were used to Post-yolksac larval development describe the post-yolksac develop­ ment of two common southern Cali­ of two southern California fornia marine sculpins, Clinocottus anah"s and O.,.tJumopW.s triacis. Char­ sculpins, C/inocottus ana/is and acters diagnostic of C. a.na.lis include nape pigment, dorsal head pigment, Orthonopias triacis (Pisces: CottidaeJ heavy rows of dorsal gut melano­ phores, 18-33 postanal ventral mela­ nophores (PAVM). Postflexion lar­ Richard F. Feeney vae develop multiple preopercular Section of Fishes. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County spines (9-12) and several post-tem­ poral/supracleithral spines, and later 900 Exposition Boulevard. Los Angeles. California 90007 stages also acquire a W-shaped patch of pigment on the body under the second dorsal fin. Characters diag­ nostic of 01'thonopias triads include Clinocottus analis and Ot·thonopias renee of adults in California coastal a heavy cap of dorsoposterior gut pigment, 26-55 PAVM, occasional­ triacis are two common marine scul­ waters and the existence of several ly one or two dorsocranial melano­ pins (Pisces: Cottidae) of the rocky partial descriptions of their larval phores, and, rarely, one melanophore intertidal and subtidal areas of south­ development in the literature. at the nape; postflexion O. tr,:acis ern California (Miller and Lea 1972, The following is a description of develop four preopercular spines. Eschmeyer et al. 1983). The range of larval series for both C. analis and O. Comparison with other cottid species is included. C. analis extends from Cape Men­ triacis based on field-collected spe­ Field collection data (1978-85) in­ docino, northern California, to Asun­ cimens from southern California and dicate C. analis and O. trine'is larvae cion Pt., Baja California Sur; O. tri­ Baja California, Mexico. Comparison both occur in greatest densities off aris extends from Monterey, central with other cottid species and occur­ rocky habitats along the 15m iso­ California, to San Geronimo 1., cen­ rence is discussed. A key to known bath. A key is provided for known preflexion marine sculpin larvae tral Baja California (Fig. 1). southern California preflexion cottid found in southern California. A description of the embryology larvae is included to summarize early­ and larval development of Clinocot­ life-history information from many tus analis was first attempted by sources including Richardson and Eigenmann (1892) who gave a pre­ Washington (1980), Richardson (1981), liminary description of the eggs and Washington et al, (1984), Washing­ yolksac larvae of C. analis from ton (1986), Feeney (1987), and Mata­ reared eggs obtained in San Diego rese et al. (1989). This work is in­ Bay CA, and subsequently by Budd tended to aid in identification and (1940) from eggs obtained in Monte­ hopefully stimulate further research rey Bay CA. In both studies the lar­ on the development of related species. vae died at the end of the yolksac stage. Bolin (1941) described the em­ Materials and methods bryology and yolksac development of reared Orthonopias triacis. A total of 145 larvae and 9 juveniles Hubbs (1966) described many char­ of Clinocottus ana.lis and 322 larvae acteristics of C. a.nalis embryology, and 4 juveniles of Orthonopias t'ria­ especially in response to tempera­ cis were studied. Specimens were ex­ ture, but gave no description of the amined from the Scripps Vertebrate larvae. Washington (1986) presented Collection (SIO), the Southwest Fish­ a description of a limited series of eries Science Center (SWFSC), the postflexion C. analis larvae and juve­ California Academy of Sciences (CAS), niles identified on the basis ofmeris­ and the Natural History Museum tic and morphological characters. A of Los Angeles County, Section of 7.0mm O. tria.cis was previously il­ Fishes (LACM). lustrated (Washington et al, 1984). The SIO specimens (21) are pre­ No description, however, of a com­ served in 50% isopropanol and were Manuscript accepted 6 May 1992. plete larval series of either species collected in Baja California at Bahia Fishery Bulletin, U.S. 90:454-468 (1992). exists, despite the common occur- Todos Santos (SIO H51-19B); the lot 454 Feeney: Post-yolksac development of two southern California sculpins 455 and during the Bightwide Program; methods and station locations can be found in Brewer et al. I I (1981), Brewer and Smith (1982), and Lavenberg I I et al. (1986). Also, five postflexion C. analis Cape A-lendocll1o : r specimens (LACM 45404-1,45414-1-45417-1; in I CfilllJcoltus ollalis - I :.:-li?~J I ethanol) were collected at the Catalina Island California I, OrtJronopias triads - I,i.;., ...... I Marine Science Center (Ninos 1984). Six addi­ ,, ,, tional C. analis juveniles from the general LACM " collection were used: four collected at Santa Bar­ , , ,, bara Island (LACM 31546-4), one at Catalina ,, Island (LACM 35695-1), and one at Palos Verdes , , , , Peninsula (LACM 1993). Morphometric data, including preanal length, body depth, pectoral length, head length, and eye diameter were measured from 50 C. analis and 54 O. triacis specimens. Data were entered into ...... _._. an "Excel" spreadsheet program on a Macintosh IIci. Means and standard deviation of morpho­ metric measurements were computed using "SYSTAT." Frequency plots of melanophores vs. length were made using "SYGRAPH" and the "LOWESS" (locally-weighted least squares) scat­ terplot smoothing method (Wilkinson 1989). Specimens were illustrated using a camera Pa.:ffi.: Oaall lucida attached to a Wild M3 stereomicroscope. Occurrence data are based on specimens taken during 1978-85 on ICHS and Bightwide cruises using a variety of sampling gears. During Coastal Resources collections (ICHS cruises, 1978-79) oblique bongo samples and discrete depth samples Figure 1 were taken monthly along a grid of 10 transects, Geographic range of Clinocottus anal-is and Odhonopias t.,..iacis. each with 4 stations. The transects were evenly spaced along the coast from Point Conception to San Diego. The stations corresponded to bottom depths of 8, 15, 22, and 36m. Additionally, 8 contained an excellent series of both C. analis and stations (4 sites each) were located in Los Angeles­ O. triacis postflexion larvae, the discovery of which Long Beach Harbor and San Diego Bay. Integrated became the impetus for the present study. water-column samples were collected by fishing a 70cm The SWFSC material (10 specimens) is preserved in bongo sampler from the bottom to the surface. Discrete 5% formalin; some specimens (6) were collected in Baja depth samples were collected at the surface (manta (6607-AX-llO.32; 6806-JD-llO.32; SWFSC/SIO H51­ sampler), at the mid-depth of the water column (70cm 106), the remainder were collected in California. Two bongo sampler) and at the bottom (70cm bongo sampler C. analis specimens (SWFSC/SIO H46-63) and two equipped with wheels). All samplers had nets of 335/-1 O. triac.is (SWFSC 6607-AX-llO.32) were cleared and mesh Nitex, and attached flowmeters gave estimates stained. of the volume of water filtered. During the 316b phase CAS material included one lot of postflexion C. analis (ICHS cruises, 1979-80) the number of transects was (SU 68789, 70% ethanol), collected in Monterey Bay, increased to 20 and the number of stations was reduced California. to 2 (8 and 22m) except for 4 "expanded" transects LACM specimens (fixed in 5% formalin and pre­ (Ormond Beach, Playa del Rey, Seal Beach, San served in either 5% formalin or 70% ethanol) were col­ Onofre), which retained 4 stations (8, 15, 22, and 36m). lected in coastal waters « 75 m depth) ofthe Southern For epibenthic sampling, the benthic bongo sampler California Bight between Pt. Conception and the Mex­ was replaced by a larger "Auriga" sampler. Collections ican border. Most specimens were collected during the were taken monthly during the 316b phase. Samples Coastal Resources and 316b phases of the Ichthyo­ were sporadically taken in 1981, but no datafrom them plankton Coastal and Harbor Studies (ICHS) Program are used here. 456 Fishery Bulletin 90(3). J 992 ... .------ - -- ' . "-- ." .". .... .,. .~ . .. ........-( . B --------- c Figure 2 Field-collected Clinoc.Qttus analis larvae: (A) 3.9mm (LACM KH #22), (B) 5.6mm (LACM KH #22), (C) 5.6mm (LACM 018-SQ-36-AU-Ol), (D) 8.6mm (SIO H51-19B). Feeney: Post-yolksac development of two southern California sculpins 457 The Bightwide program began in 1982 and samples Table 1 were taken bimonthly at the four "expanded" 316b Morphometries of larvae and juveniles of Clinocottus anabis transects. During the Bightwide program, a fifth sta­ and 01·thonopias t1"iacis, represented as a mean percentage tion (75m) was added to each transect. Only oblique of standard length ± the standard deviation, with range in bongo samples were taken during the Bightwide phase. parentheses. Additional details are provided in Lavenberg et al. Measurement (1986). stage elinor-ottus analis 01·thonopias t'riacis Estimates of larval abundance (n/10m2 of sea sur­ face) for each taxon were estimated (for methods, see Preanal length Preflexion 46.0 ± 3.4(40.0-52.2) 38.8 ± 3.0(31.5-44.8) Smith and Richardson 1977). These abundances were Flexion 47.1 ±2.2(44.6-48.5) 41.7 ± 2.8(37.8-47.2) plotted against variables, such as transect, station Postflexion 50.5 ±2.1(46.9-54.5) 43.5 ± 3.0(39.1-48.3) depth. gear type and date, to determine patterns of Juvenile 47.3 ± 1.1(46.0-48.4) 43.5 ±2.7(39.9-46.3) local occurrence. Body depth Preflexion 24.8±2.2(19.7-29.7) 24.3 ± 3.1(19.8-33.2) Flexion ~3.8 ±2.2(21.3-25.3) 24.3 ±2.9(19.8-28.5) Identification Postflexion 28.7 ± 2.0(25.6-32.7) 25.9 ± 2.4(22.1-29.5) Juvenile 26.4 ±2.7(24.5-30.4) 23.6 ± 1.6(21.7-25.3) Yolksac and small post-yolksac larvae of Clinocottus Pectoral length analis and Orthonopias t·riacis were identified by com­ Preflexion 8.5± 1.3 (6.6-11.3) 8.1 ± 1.2 (6.1-11.3) parison with descriptions of reared larvae (Eigenmann Flexion 8.9 ±2.0 (7.3-11.2) 1O.2±~.6 (6.3-16.0) Postflexion 27.8±4.3(16.9-32.5) 18.2 ± 5.0(10.8-25.4) 1892, Budd 1940, Bolin 1941).
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