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Die Burger Se Rol in Die Suid-Afrikaanse Partypolitiek, 1934 - 1948

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Die Burger Se Rol in Die Suid-Afrikaanse Partypolitiek, 1934 - 1948 DIE BURGER SE ROL IN DIE SUID-AFRIKAANSE PARTYPOLITIEK, 1934 - 1948 deur JURIE JACOBUS JOUBERT voorgelê luidens die vereistes vir die graad D. LITT ET PHIL in die vak GESKIEDENIS aan die UNIVERSITEIT VAN SUID-AFRIKA PROMOTOR: PROFESSOR C.F.J. MULLER MEDE-PROMOTOR: PROFESSOR J.P. BRITS JUNIE 1990 THE PRESENCE GF DIE BURGER IN THE PARTYPOLITICS DF SOUTH AFRICA, 1934 - 1948 by JURIE JACOBUS JOUBERT Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF LITERATURE AND PHILOSOPHY in the subject HISTORY at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA PROMOTER : PROFESSOR C.F.J. MULLER JOINT PROMOTER : PROFESSOR J.P. BRITS JUNE 1990 U N f S A BIBLIOTPPK AS9U .1 a Class KÍas ..J & t e Access I Aanwin _ 01326696 "Ek verklaar hiermee dat Die Burger se rol in die Suid-Afrikaanse Partypolitiek, 1934 - 1948 my eie werk is en dat ek alle bronne wat ek gebruik of aangehaal het deur middel van volledige verwyeyigs aangecfyi en erken het" lU t (i) SUMMARY During the nineteen thirties and forties the Afrikaans newspaper Die Burger occupied a prominent place within the ambience of the South African press. Without reaching large circulation figures, it achieved recognition and respect because - apart from other reasons - it commanded the skills of a very competent editorial staff and management team. The way in which it effectively ousted its main rival Die Suiderstem, is testimony of its power and influence, particularly in its hinterland. The close association between Die Burger and the Cape National Party represented a formidable joining of forces. This relation­ ship, entailing mutual advantages, was sustained significantly by the involvement of Dr. D.F. Malan with Die Burger. Of cardinal importance also was the part played by two editors, A.L. Geyer and P.A. Weber, in the period 1934 to 1948. Their personal support of Dr. Malan in establishing and consolidating the National Party during the years 1934 to 1948 had a decisive influence on South African political history. The role assumed by Die Burger in the period of Coalition and Fusion, as well as the close bond it had established with its readership, made it a potent political force, particu­ larly in the Cape Province. At the same time it gained for itself an important position of power within the National Party of South Africa. In all of this Geyer was a central figure - officially as editor, but more particularly also in a personal capacity. Die Burger's efforts over the years in advancing the cultural cause of Afrikaners led the paper to become a co-founder of the National Party's philosophy of apartheid. The implemen­ tation of this ideology was regarded as the only way in which the cultural and political rights of Afrikaners could be safeguarded and maintained. (ii) After 1939 the paper proved instrumental in bringing the National Party to power in the election of 1948. It regularly attacked General J.C. Smuts and his United Party on a wide political front, pointing out their shortcomings in various areas. Especially during and immediately after World War II it severely criticized the Smuts government for being incompetent, and it undoubtedly achieved political success with this strategy. (iii) OPSOMMING In die perswese van Suid-Afrika het Die Burger gedurende die dertiger- en veertigerjare ’n besondere plek beklee. A1 was dit nie ’n koerant met reusesirkulasiesyfers nie, is dit gerespekteer omdat dit onder meer ’n besonder bevoegde redaksie en bestuurspan gehad het. Die wyse waarop hy sy direkte teenstander, Die Suiderstem, in die stof laat byt het, lewer bewys van Die Burger se krag en invloed, veral in sy hinterland. Die Burger en die Nasionale Party van Kaapland se noue verbinte- nis het tot gevolg gehad dat hulle ’n gedugte span gevorm het. Die verbintenis, wat wedersydse voordele ingehou het, is grootliks versterk deur D.F. Malan se betrokkenheid by Die Burger. Die rol wat die twee redakteurs A.L. Geyer en PJA. Weber in die tydperk 1934 tot 1948 gespeel het, moet as van kardinale belang beskou word. Veral die persoonlike ondersteuning wat hulle aan D.F. Malan gegee het in sy opbou van die Nasionale Party in die jare 1934 - 1948, het ’n deurslag- gewende uitwerking op die Suid-Afrikaanse politieke geskiedenis gehad. Die rol wat Die Burger gedurende die koalisietydperk en daarna tydens samesmelting gespeel het, asook sy besonder noue verbinte­ nis met sy lesers, het die koerant veral in Kaapland ’n baie belangrike politieke faktor gemaak. Dit het aan hom ook ’n besondere posisie van mag binne die Nasionale Party van Suid- Afrika laat inneem. Hierin het Geyer as redakteur, maar veral in sy persoonlike hoedanigheid, ’n groot rol gespeel. Die Burger se jarelange bydrae as kultuurbouer van die Afrikaans- sprekendes het meegewerk dat die koerant as mede-skepper van die Nasionale Party se apartheidsfilosofie opgetree het. Die filosofie is beskou as die enigste wyse waarop die Afrikaans- sprekende se kulturele en politieke regte beskerm en bestendig kon word. (iv) As praktiese instrument het dit veral ná 1939 ook meegehelp om die Nasionale Party aan bewind te bring in 1948. Die koerant het J.C. Smuts en die Verenigde Party gereeld aangeval en op alle gebiede aan die kaak probeer stel. Veral gedurende en na die Tweede Wereldoorlog het die koerant die Smuts-bewind as ’n onbevoegde regering aan sy lesers voorgehou, 'en het sekerlik sukses daarmee behaal. (v) AFKORTINGS A.G. Adjudant-Generaal A.-B. Afrikaner-Broederbond A.T.K.v. Afrikaanse Taal- en Kultuurvereniging A.E.K. Afrikaner-Eenheidskomitee A.H.I. Afrikaanse Handelsinstituut F.A.K. Federasie van Afrikaanse Kultuurvereniginge F.V.B. Federale Volksbeleggings L.V. Lid van die Volksraad L.P.R. Lid van die Provinsiale Raad N.P. Nasionale Party O.B. Ossewa-Brandwag R.D-B. Reddingsdaadbond S.A.P. Suid-Afrikaanse Party S.A.P.A. Suid-Afrikaanse Pers-Assosiasie U.R. Uitvoerende Raad V.P. Verenigde Party **** **** **** LYS VAN SPOTPRENTE SAME SMELTING P- 11 3 I TOOK MY HARP TO APARTHEID P- 319 SCARICATURE P- 320 VOORWAARTS TOT DIE STRYD! P • 340 26 ME I 1948 P- 342 KROONPRINS HOFMEYR P- 343 HET DAGHET OVERAL P • 354 **** **** *#** (vii) INHOUDSOPGAWE Bladsy SUMMARY OPSQMMING AFKORTINGS SPOTPRENTE VOORWOORD HOOFSTUK 1 DIE PERS IN SUID-AFRIKA, 1930 - 1950 1.1 Die doel van ’n koerant 1 1.2 Die aard van die pers gedurende die 3 dertiger- en veertigerjare 1.3 Die Engelstalige pers in die Unie 9 ' 1.4 Beheer van die Afrikaanse pers 12 1.5 Die verspreiding van nuus 15 2 DIE BURGER EN DIE NASIONALE PARTY: ’n TWEELING? 2.1 Die Nasionale Party 2.1.1 Party en koerant: Wie is die baas? 17 2.1.2 Die Nasionale Party se organisasie 22 2.2 Het Dagbet Overal 2.2.1 Nasionale Pers Beperk 2.2.1.1 Stinting en groei 27 2.2.1.2 Die Direksie 29 2.2.1.3 Hoofbestuurder 30 2.2.2 Die werk van Die Burger 2.2.2.1 Redaksie en drukpers 31 2.2.2.2 Taal en inkleding 35 2.2.2.3 Tegniese versorging 36 2.2.2.4 Spotprente 36 2.2.3 Beleid en samewerking 38 (viii) 2.3 Die Burger se "hinterland" 42 2.4 Die "Ysterman" 48 2^5 "Om geskiedenis te help maak, is lekker" 57 2.6 D.F. Malan en Die Burger; ’n hegte vriendskap 60 2.7 Die Burger en die ander Nasionale Party- 62 spreekbuise 2.8 Die Burger en sy Kaapse teenstanders 67 2.9 Nasionale Pers teen die Nasionale Party van Kaapland 2.9.1 F.C. Erasmus krap die verhoudinge om 75 2.9.2 Canossa: Party swig voor pers 80 2.9.3 Die Kruithoring teen Die Burger, 1946 84 3 VAN REGERINGS TOT OPPOSISIEKOERANT 3.1 Inleiding 90 3.2 Koalisie en Die Burger 94 3.3 Verbete teenstander van samesmelting 103 3.4 Hertzog daag die Nasionale Pers uit 113 4 DIE REORGANISASIE VAN DIE NASIONALE PARTY 4.1 Inleiding 119 4.2 Stigting van die Nasionale Party 120 4.3 Wie was die Nasionale Party-ondersteuners? 121 4.4 Die Nasionale Party as opposisie in die 124 Parlement 4.5 Aanvanklike plan van aksie 126 4.6 Organisasie 129 4.7 Die Nasionale Party begin vuis wys 130 5 S0SIALE EN EKONOMIESE TOESTANDE, 1934-1939 5.1 Inleiding 1^4 5.2 Die Armblankevraagstuk 136 5.3 Die Afrikaner en die ekonomie vanaf 1930 tot voor die Eerste Ekonomiese Kongres 141 5.4 Landbou , 145 (ix) 6 KULTUURPOl.ITIEK 6.1 Staatkundige ontvoogding van Brittanje 6.1.1 Inleiding 149 6.1.2 Die koning 151 6.1.3 ’n Suid-Afrikaanse goewerneur- 153 generaal? 6.2 1938: ’n Waterskeidingsjaar vir Afrikaner- nasionalisme 6.2.1 Die 1938-verkiesing 155 6.2.2 Die Voortrekkereeufees: Die Burger en die opwelling van Afrikaneremosies 161 6.3 Oorlog of neutraliteit? 168 6.4 Kultuur of politiek? 6.4.1 Die Afrikaner-Broederbond 181 6.5 Slotbeskouing 189 7 AFRIKANERS HERENIG QF VERDEEL? 7.1 Hereniging 190 7.2 Nasionaal-Sosialisme: Vir of teen Afrikanereenheid? 7.2.1 Die Burger en die Europese Nasionaal- 200 Sosialisme 7.2.2 Ontstaan en groei van die Ossewa- 203 Brandwag 7.2.3 Die Van Rensburg-faktor 207 7.2.4 Beslegting van Afrikanerprobleme? 7.2.4.1 Pirow krap gemoedere verder 212 om 7.2.4.2 Spanning neem toe 214 7.2.5 Die Nasionale Pers en die O.B. 220 8 DIE RASSEVRAAGSTUK 8.1 Inleiding 224 8.2 Joodse immigrasie 224 8.3 Die Kleurvraagstuk 230 (x) 8.3.1 Voor die Tweede Wereldoorlog 230 8.3.2 Tydens en na die Tweede Wereldoorlog 8.3.2.1 Smuts se "Laat-maar-loop"- 242 beleid 8.3.2.2 Apartheid: ’n Oplossing? 251 9 DIE BURGER EN DIE VERENIGDE PARTY-BEWIND, 1939 - 1947 9.1 Smuts, sy kabinet en Die Burger 258 9.2 Die oorlog krap Die Burger om 9.2.1 Die Unie se betrokkenheid daarby 261 9.2.2 Die Burger buit brood en botter- 266 kwessies uit 9.2.3 Gekleurdes en die oorlogspoging 270 9.2.4 Die Burger verset horn teen Smuts 272 se "onderdrukkende" oorlogmaat- reëls 9.3 Die 1943-verkiesing 276 9-4 Die Burger en ,-jie Verenigde
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