SCIENCE AND PRACTICE: IMPLEMENTATION TO MODERN SOCIETY

UDC Dolgikh Valeriya Robertovna Assistant of the Department of Clinical Disciplines Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Republic of Kazakhstan

Detochkina Violetta Robertovna Assistant of the Department of Clinical Disciplines Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Republic of Kazakhstan

Awais Rabaiah The 2th year student of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Republic of Kazakhstan

AFFERENT INNERVATION OF ORAL CAVITY

Abstract. The oral cavity’s organs, parts and tissues like any other part of the body. It needs to communicate with the brain whether it was sending information (axons or impulses) or receiving orders and translating sensations from the brain. That’s why we have the nerves with their different functions (motor, sensory and autonomic nerves). Keywords: innervation 1, oral cavity 2, nerves 3.

1. Trigeminal nerve (CNV) lateral to pons - nerve responsible for (sensation in the face and motor function (biting, chewing) - largest cranial nerve - It has 3 major branches: - 1-The ophthalmic nerve (V1) purely sensory 2-The （V2) purely sensory 3-The (V3) Motor, Sensory - They leave the skull through 3 separates foramina! 1-The superior orbital fissure(ophthalmic) 2-The foramen rotundum (maxillary) 1247 SCIENTIFIC COLLECTION «INTERCONF» | № 3(39)

3-The foramen Ovalle (mandibular)

the function: - The motor function: - controls the movement of 8 muscles including the four muscles of mastication: 1- the masseter. 2- the temporal muscle. 3- the medial. 4- lateral pterygoid. All the muscles can be memorised in this way: - MY TENSORS DIG ANTS 4MoM

MYLOHOID 1-TENSOR VELI PALATINI ANTERIOR BELLY MUSCLE 2-TENSOR TYMPANI OF DIGASTRIC

All muscles involved in biting, chewing and swallowing except tensor tympani. The mandibular nerve contains both the sensory and motor axons (nerve fibers that conducts electrical impulses) 3rd branch of the trigeminal nerve. -the motor root runs along the trigeminal cave, beneath the Ganglion, joining the sensory root before leaving the cranium through the foramen Ovalle - (first pharyngeal arch(derivates) - Once the mandibular branch has exited from the cranium it branches into four tributaries (branches): - A - Auriculotemporal Nerve-arises from Trigeminal nerve as 2 roots superior root (comprise sensory fibers) and inferior root (carry secretory-motor fibers). 1248 SCIENCE AND PRACTICE: IMPLEMENTATION TO MODERN SOCIETY

-The two roots meet near to the middle meningeal artery. - after meeting, the secretory-motor fibers run to synapse in the Otic ganglion

-while the sensory fibers pass Through the ganglion (without synapsing) to Eventually innervates the parts. B - Buccal nerve contains sensory fibers Provides general sensory innervation to the buccal membrane (cheek) - it also branches to supply the second and third Molar teeth＊imp＊ C - Inferior alveolar nerve: - carry sensory and motor axons. After branching, it leads to the mylohyoid nerve (which is the motor nerve to mylohyoid and anterior digastric muscles). D- LINGUAL NERVE: - BRANCH OF THE TRIGEMENAL NERVE THAT CARRIES GENERAL SENSORY AXONS It acts as conduit (channel) for special sensory and autonomic fibers belonging to Chorda Tympani (which is a branch of the facial nerve). General sensory fibers INNERVATE the anterior two-thirds of the tongue, as well as mucus membrane finding it undersides The special sensory fibers carry on with the lingual nerve to provide taste to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. 1249 SCIENTIFIC COLLECTION «INTERCONF» | № 3(39)

The autonomic fibers branch to synapse in the , eventually innervating the submandibular and sublingual glands. These branches innervate the skin, mucus membrane, and the striated muscles. To sum up, the sensory fibers associated with the mandibular branch of CN V provide innervation to: The facial skin in the lower third of the face, (chin and lower lip).  Inferior alveolar nerve. Inferior row of teeth and gingiva.  Inferior alveolar nerve. The anterior two thirds of the tongue and the submandibular and sublingual glands.  lingual nerve.

The maxillary neve (V2): -is the second branch of trigeminal nerve, lt’s primary function is sensory supply to the mid-third of the face. after arising from the trigeminal ganglion, the maxillary nerve passes through the 1250 SCIENCE AND PRACTICE: IMPLEMENTATION TO MODERN SOCIETY lateral wall of cavernous sinus, leaving the skull from Foramen rotundum (sphenoid). Sensory branches: - (innervation of the maxillary teeth) it divides into four major branches: - the posterior superior alveolar nerve. the infraorbital nerve: - gives off two branches which contribute to the superior dental plexus, which are they anterior superior alveolar nerve and middle superior alveolar nerve.

the zygomatic nerve. nerve ganglionic branches to the pterygoid plexus (ganglion). Infraorbital nerve and posterior superior alveolar nerve superior and Form superior dental plexus. posterior superior alveolar nerve: - 1-turns laterally into the pterygomaxillary Fissure and into the infratemporal fossa. 2-it descends via the infratemporal surface of the maxilla to form the Posterior portion of the superior dental plexus. 3-it innervates the posterior aspect of the maxillary sinus as well as the maxillary molars. 1251 SCIENTIFIC COLLECTION «INTERCONF» | № 3(39)

The infratemporal fossa is a complex area located at the base of the skull, deep to the masseter muscle. It is closely associated with both the temporal and pterygopalatine fossae and acts as a conduit for neurovascular structures entering and leaving the cranial cavity.

Now the infraorbital nerve and its two branches. The middle superior alveolar nerve: - 1- it descends to form the middle portion of the superior dental plexus. 2- it innervates the medial and lateral aspects of the maxillary sinus and the premolars. 3- in some cases, also it innervates the mesiobuccal root of the first molar, if it’s not covered by the posterior superior alveolar nerve. The anterior superior alveolar nerve: - 1-it descends to form the anterior portion of the superior dental plexus. 2-it innervates the anterior aspect of the maxillary sinus as well as the incisors and canines. As a summary, the trigeminal nerve is the largest cranial nerve, and it’s responsible for sensation and also motor functions and, its main branches are the maxillary nerve and the mandibular nerve. The maxillary nerve divides into four branches (1-the posterior superior alveolar nerve, 2- the infraorbital nerve, 3-the zygomatic nerve, 4-ganglionic branches to the 1252 SCIENCE AND PRACTICE: IMPLEMENTATION TO MODERN SOCIETY pterygoid plexus.) and create the dental plexus, also it innervates: Maxillary sinus Maxillary molars, premolars, incisors and canines WHILE the mandibular nerve’s the sensory fibers associated with the mandibular branch of CN V provide innervation to: The facial skin in the lower third of the face, (chin and lower lip).  Inferior alveolar nerve. Inferior row of teeth and gingiva.  Inferior alveolar nerve. The anterior two thirds of the tongue and the submandibular and sublingual glands.  lingual nerve.

References: 1. Kingsmill, V. J., Berkovitz, B. K. & Barrett, A. W. An immunohistochemical analysis of human Merkel cell density in gingival epithelium from dentate and edentulous subjects. Archives of oral biology 50, 883–887, https://doi.org/10.1016/j. archoralbio.2005.02.004 (2005) 2. Mouritsen, O. G. Gastrophysics of the Oral Cavity. Curr Pharm Des 22, 2195–2203 (2016). 3. Mars, M., Hogenkamp, P. S., Gosses, A. M., Stafeu, A. & De Graaf, C. Efect of viscosity on learned satiation. Physiol Behav 98, 60–66, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.04.018 (2009). 4. Dominy, N. J. et al. How chimpanzees integrate sensory information to select figs. Interface Focus 6, 20160001, https://doi. org/10.1098/rsfs.2016.0001 (2016). 5. Zijlstra, N., Mars, M., de Wijk, R. A., Westerterp-Plantenga, M. S. & de Graaf, C. Te efect of viscosity on ad libitum food intake. Int J Obes (Lond) 32, 676–683, https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0803776 (2008).

1253