DOCSLIB.ORG

Metaphors and Meaning in the Editorials of the New Era

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Metaphors and Meaning in the Editorials of the New Era METAPHORS AND MEANING IN THE EDITORIALS OF THE NEW ERA NEWSPAPER, 2016: A LINGUISTIC EXPLORATION A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN ENGLISH STUDIES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NAMIBIA BY NAITSIKILE NDATEGAKO IIZYENDA 200219979 APRIL 2018 SUPERVISOR: PROF. J. KANGIRA ABSTRACT Metaphors enrich a language and help people understand abstract or unfamiliar content. By linking abstract information to a concrete concept, it becomes easier for people to understand the information. This thesis is an investigation into the meaning of metaphors that appear in the editorials of the New Era newspaper. The purpose of the study was to examine the use and functions of different types of metaphors and how metaphors contribute to convey the meaning of the message in the editorials of the newspaper. The research also explored the various influences of cultural elements on metaphors. This research was qualitative in nature. The data collected were critically examined using the Metaphor Identification Procedure (MIP), a tool that is used to identify metaphor in discourse. The study is informed by the Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT). The investigation reveals that our thoughts and perceptions about target domains are structured in metaphors which are common in our everyday experiences. Furthermore, the study shows that a proper interpretation of a metaphoric utterance ultimately requires a reader’s knowledge of mappings or correspondences between the literal senses of words used in their source domains and the distinct figurative meaning they have gained in the target domain. The research reveals that metaphors are common in newspaper discourse and contributes to the existing body of knowledge on Namibian newspaper discourse. i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation could not have been completed without the great support that I have received from so many people during the two years of the MAES programme. I wish to offer my most heartfelt thanks to the following people: Firstly, I owe a deep debt of gratitude to the University of Namibia for providing me with the financial support for this work. Secondly, to my lecturers Prof. J Kangira, Dr N Mlambo, Dr TC Smit and Dr R Makamani, thank you for the lessons, advice and support. To my supervisor, Prof. J Kangira, thank you for the support. A heartfelt appreciation to my classmates Hambeleleni, Katrina and Mercy and the new friendships we so easily formed. Thank you for all of the chats and words of encouragement. My colleagues at UNAM Press deserve a special mention. Thank you for allowing me to take on this opportunity and putting up with the endless hours I was out of office attending classes. A special thank you to Dr Jill Kinahan for your encouraging words and taking the time to edit and proofread the many pages of this thesis. To the ultimate best friend, Nelago Ashipala, you remain an inspiration in my life. Thank you for always pushing me to strive for the best. Dr Napandulwe Shiweda, despite your busy schedule you’ve always made time for me. Thank you for keeping your office door open and available for all the times when I needed it and for being such an inspiring friend. Golda Ha-Eiros, thank you for your encouraging words and always knowing how to cheer me up. To my person, Naushure Ndoroma, without your constant support and consideration, this accomplishment would not have been possible. You recognized that I at times ii needed to work alone but also made sure to check in on me so that I stayed on the right path. And to all my friends and family who are not mentioned by name, ondapandula. iii DEDICATION A special feeling of gratitude to my loving parents, who are my biggest inspiration. iv DECLARATION I, Naitsikile Ndategako Iizyenda, hereby declare that this study is my own work and is a true reflection of my research, and that this work, or any part thereof has not been submitted for a degree at any other institution. No part of this thesis/dissertation may be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by means any (e.g. electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior permission of the author, or The University of Namibia in that behalf. I, Naitsikile Ndategako Iizyenda, grant The University of Namibia the right to reproduce this thesis in whole or in part, in any manner or format, which The University of Namibia may deem fit. ……………………… ……………….. …… ……………… Name of Student Signature Date v Table of Contents ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................. i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................................ii DEDICATION........................................................................................................................ iv DECLARATION..................................................................................................................... v CHAPTER 1 ........................................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Orientation to the study ......................................................................................... 1 1.2 Statement of the problem ...................................................................................... 2 1.3 Objectives of the study ........................................................................................... 3 1.4 Significance of the study ........................................................................................ 3 1.5 Limitation of the study .......................................................................................... 4 1.6 Summary ................................................................................................................. 4 CHAPTER 2 ........................................................................................................................... 5 LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ................................ 5 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 5 2.2 Definitions of metaphor ......................................................................................... 5 2.3 Background: overview of theories of metaphor .................................................. 6 2.3.1 Comparison theory of metaphor .................................................................. 6 2.3.2 Substitution theory of metaphor ................................................................... 8 2.3.3 Interaction theory of metaphor..................................................................... 9 2.4 The concept of metaphor ..................................................................................... 10 2.5 The cognitive linguistic view of metaphor ......................................................... 17 2.5.1 The conceptual metaphor ............................................................................ 17 2.6 Metaphors and culture ........................................................................................ 23 2.7 Functions of metaphors ....................................................................................... 27 2.8 Newspaper editorials ........................................................................................... 28 2.8.1 Origins and definitions ................................................................................ 28 2.8.2 Types of editorials in newspapers ............................................................... 29 2.9 Related studies ...................................................................................................... 31 2.10 Theoretical framework ........................................................................................ 33 2.10.1 Metaphor identification procedure (MIP) ................................................. 34 2.10.2 Conceptual metaphor theory ...................................................................... 35 2.11 Summary ............................................................................................................... 36 vi RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................... 38 3.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 38 3.2 Research design .................................................................................................... 38 3.3 Population ............................................................................................................. 39 3.4 Sample ................................................................................................................... 39 3.5 Procedure .............................................................................................................. 40 3.6 Data analysis ......................................................................................................... 41 3.7 Research ethics ..................................................................................................... 43 3.8 Summary ............................................................................................................... 44 CHAPTER 4 ........................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • My Work Speaks for Itself' - the Namibian My Work Speaks for Itself' News - National | 2021-05-18 Page No: 1 by Sonja Smith
    28/05/2021 'My work speaks for itself' - The Namibian My work speaks for itself' News - National | 2021-05-18 Page no: 1 by Sonja Smith PHOTO: Contributed IN 2016, Grade 12 pupil Patience Masua won a school debating competition – a victory which won her a trip and ticket to Germany. However, she chose to stay in Namibia to complete her matric exams. Five years later she was named Namibia's youngest member of parliament (MP) at the age of 22. Carola Hornickel, a former teacher at Delta Secondary School, says the young MP was “a pleasure to teach”. https://www.namibian.com.na/101736/read/My-work-speaks-for-itself 1/4 28/05/2021 'My work speaks for itself' - The Namibian “She always liked doing the right thing without being a boring goody-goody. Pleasant to work with, always with a bit of mischief, but always correct,” says Hornickel. She says Masua loved motivating her peers at school. Masua made history in Namibia last month when president Hage Geingob appointed her to the National Assembly, the country's top lawmaking house. She joins a list of young women parliamentarians that includes deputy information minister Emma Theofilus (25), Inna Hengari (25) of the Popular Democratic Movement (PDM) and Utaara Mootu (25) of the Landless People's Movement (LPM). Masua last month told The Namibian her work and record in student activism speaks for itself. “I do not need to justify why the decision by the appointing authority was the correct one. I am a young lawyer who has worked in student activism and international student politics – from the student representative council (SRC) to the Namibia National Students Organisation (Nanso) to the Southern African Development Community to the Commonwealth, to being one of the drafters of the African youth's position on climate change, and championing the call to free the people of western Sahara,” she said.
    [Show full text]
  • Neuerwerbungsliste Namibia 2020
    Bibliothek der Basler Afrika Bibliographien Neuerwerbungen aus und zu Namibia (Neuzugänge 1. Januar – 31. Dezember 2020) 1. Monographien S. 1 2. Periodika S. 115 3. Digitale Dokumente S. 129 Library of the Basler Afrika Bibliographien New acquisitions from and on Namibia (New acquisitions January 1 – December 31, 2020) 1. Monographs p. 1 2. Periodicals p. 115 3. Digital documents p. 129 1. Monographien / Monographs Seite 1 40 Years of Service to Namibia Windhoek: PricewaterhouseCoopers Namibia, 2016; 84p., ill., tables. Mit einem Vorwort von Nangula Uaandja. Deskriptoren: Finanzwesen + Multinationale Konzerne + Wirtschaft + Namibia Signatur: 50243 2017 Managment Effectiveness Assessment Report for Oshaampula, Okongo, Otjiu-West and Uukolonkadhi Community Forests Windhoek: Republic of Namibia, Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Forestry, 2018; iii, 22p., ill., maps, tables. Deskriptoren: Forstwirtschaft + Management + Statistiken + Kunene (Verwaltungsregion) + Nordzentralnamibia Signatur: 50284 2017 Namibia Financial Inclusion Survey. Survey Highlights Windhoek: Namibia Statistics Agency (NSA), ca. 2018; 33p., ill., tables. Deskriptoren: Jahresberichte + Finanzwesen + Statistiken + Namibia Signatur: 50238 A da |gaipe Windhoek: Gamsberg Macmillan, 2000; 53p.. Mit einem Vorwort von L.S. Tsâtago Davids. Mit Beiträgen von Axarob, Gerson !Garibasen |Uiseb, Alma Hangue, Elias !Nanuseb, Hageb, Ruth A.K. Isaaks, J. Goeieman, Sydney ||Narib, |Awebaheb, Fritz Isak Dirkse. Deskriptoren: Lyrik (Form) + Namibia Signatur: 50064 Acquire. Discover. Finance. Build. Operate. The World's New Senior Gold Producer Vancouver: B2Gold, 2019; 7p., ill., table, map. Deskriptoren: Bergbau + Gold + Industrie + Multinationale Konzerne + Statistiken + Asien + Burkina Faso + Kanada + Mali + Namibia + Zentralamerika Signatur: 50250 Application for Finance Windhoek: Development Bank of Namibia, ca. 2018; 14p., taples. Deskriptoren: Banken + Kredite + Namibia Signatur: 50266 Aqua Services & Engineering. Your Partner in Water Treatment.
    [Show full text]
  • Managing Natural Resources in Namibia- Mining And
    i MANAGING NATURAL RESOURCES IN NAMIBIA The Mining and Fisheries Sectors Riza Aryani Mobeen Irshad Bhatti Joanna Eileen Capones Andreina Martínez Caitlin O’Donnell Mevelyn Ong Erika Yvonne Piquero Ketaki Purohit Amy Slipowitz Katherine Sullivan Lauren Waugh Haotian Zhang Faculty Supervisor: Professor Jenik Radon School of International & Public Affairs, Columbia University Spring 2016 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................. iv Methodology ......................................................................................................................................... v Other Reports ...................................................................................................................................... vi List of Abbreviations ......................................................................................................................... vii Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................. x List of Recommendations ................................................................................................................. xv Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 1 Economics ...........................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Ascendency of Esther Utjiua Muinjangue To
    Journal of Namibian Studies, 26 (2019): 73 – 91 The a scendency of Esther Utjiua Muinjangue to the NUDO p residency in Namibia: A c hallenge to p atriarchy? Job Shipululo Amupanda and Ralph Marenga* Abstract There will be a female presidential candidate running for office in 2019 Namibian Presidential Elections. This has never happened in the 29 years of independence and was made possible by a small political party, the National Unity Democratic Organisation (NUDO) which elected Ester Esther Utjiua Muinjangue as its President – making her the first woman leader of a political party in Namibia. This text records and introduces this historic phenomenon in the literature on Namibian politics. It deals with the nature of NUDO and the circumstances that led to Muinjangue ascending to the party presidency. While accepting that history has been made, it cautions against ‘over-celebration’, for patriarchy has not disappeared merely because a woman has ascended to a position of power. The text concludes that Muinjangue occupies a moral and strategic position to mount a meaningful challenge to patriarchy and bring about meaningful political participation for women. Patriarchy, women political particip ation and the Ovaherero society Patriarchy has always been seen as a challenge to equitable participation of men and women in public life in the world in general and in Africa in particular. It has been defined as “a social and ideological construct which considers men as superior to women”.1 The understanding of men as superior to women leads to the domination of the former over the latter. This domination takes place in the household, paid employment, the state, male-on-female violence, sexuality and cultural institutions.
    [Show full text]
  • Heroic Narratives, Patriotic History and Namibian Politics: the Case of (Herman) Andimba Toivo Ya Toivo (1924–2017)
    Journal of Namibian Studies, 22 (2017): 45 – 58 ISSN: 2197-5523 (online) Heroic narratives, patriotic history and Namibian politics: The c ase of (Herman ) Andimba Toivo Ya Toivo (1924 –2017) Henning Melber* Abstract On 9 June 2017 Namibia became poorer. A moral beacon physically left behind the people, whose right to live in freedom and dignity was his core motivation throughout most of his 92 years. (Herman) Andimba Toivo Ya Toivo – Toivo is Finnish for hope – was active until the end. He had just returned from a trip with his close friend and fellow inmate on Robben Island Helao Shityuwe – another largely ignored and little recognized icon in Namibia’s struggle for liberation. Hours later, at his home, Ya Toivo died in his sleep. The article combines a portrait of Ya Toivo and his legacy with the heroic narratives at play when the history of the liberation struggle is rewritten for political purposes. On 9 June 2017 Namibia became poorer. A moral beacon physically left behind the people, whose right to live in freedom and dignity was his core motivation throughout most of his 92 years. (Herman) Andimba Toivo Ya Toivo – Toivo is Finnish for hope – was active until the end. He had just returned from a trip with his close friend and fellow inmate on Robben Island Helao Shityuwe – a largely ignored and little recognized icon in Namibia’s struggle for liberation. 1 Hours later, at his home, Ya Toivo died in his sleep. * Henning Melber is Director emeritus and Senior Advisor at the Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation and Senior Research Associate at the Nordic Africa Institute, both in Uppsala/Sweden; Extraordinary Professor at the Department of Political Sciences/University of Pretoria and the Centre for Africa Studies/University of the Free State in Bloemfontein and Senior Research Fellow at the Institute for Commonwealth Studies/School for Advanced Study at the University of London.
    [Show full text]
  • Dr-Nujoma-Statement-For-His-90Th
    STATEMENT BY H.E. DR. SAM NUJOMA, FOUNDING PRESIDENT AND FATHER OF THE NAMIBIAN NATION AND LEADER OF THE NAMIBIAN REVOLUTION, AT THE OCCASION OF HIS 90TH BIRTHDAY CELEBRATIONS SATURDAY, 18 MAY 2019 ETUNDA HOMESTEAD, ONGANDJERA OKAHAO CONSTITUENCY OMUSATI REGION UNDER THE THEME: SAM NUJOMA @ 90: A LIFE DEDICATED TO FREEDOM AND HUMANITY 0 | Page Directors of Ceremonies, Cde. Marco Hausiku and Cde. Dr Pendukeni Iivula-Ithana; Your Excellency Dr. Hage Geingob, President of the Republic of Namibia and Madam Monica Geingos, First Lady; Your Excellency Dr. Hifikepunye Pohamba, Former President of the Republic of Namibia and Madam Penexupifo Pohamba, Former First Lady; Your Excellency Dr. Nangolo Mbumba, Vice President of the Republic of Namibia; Madam Kovambo Nujoma, Former First Lady and the Entire Nujoma Family; Right Honorable Dr. Saara Kuugongelwa-Amadhila, Prime Minister and Comrade Amadhila; Right Honorable Nahas Angula, Former Prime Minister and Chairperson of the Sam Nujoma Foundation and all Members of the Board of Trustees; Honorable Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of International Relations and Cooperation and Retired Lieutenant General Ndaitwah; Honorable Professor Peter Katjavivi, Speaker of the National Assembly; Honorable Margareth Mensah-Williams, Chairperson of the National Council; Your Lordship Peter Shivute, Chief Justice and Judge Shivute; Honorable Ministers and Deputy Ministers present; Comrade Sophia Shaningwa, Secretary General of the SWAPO Party; Honorable Members of Parliament present; Your
    [Show full text]
  • Towards Our All-Inclusive Namibian House Towards Our All-Inclusive Namibian House
    Towards Our All-Inclusive Namibian House Towards Our All-Inclusive Namibian House How can we build a nation in which no Namibian will be left out? A nation-wide response to President Hage Geingob’s call to build the Namibian House i Namibia: ISBN 978-99916-39-15-4 © Forum for the Future and Konrad-Adenauer-Foundation First edition 2017 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted in any form or by any means without the pri- or written permission of the author nor be otherwise circulated in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and with a similar condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser. Publisher: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung PO Box 1145 Windhoek, Namibia [email protected] www.kas.de/namibia Printers: John Meinert Printing Towards Our All-Inclusive Namibian House The all-inclusive Namibian House – A work in progress Dear valued reader, In his State of the Nation Address in April 2015 his Excellency Dr. Hage Geingob, President of the Republic of Namibia, introduced the image of the all-inclusive Namibian House to the nation. In his address he compared the process of nation building to the process of building a house, and, in this specific case, to the building of a Namibian House “in which all its residents have a sense of shared identity […], that will be a place of peace and refuge for all its children and […] in which no Namibian will be left out.” Consequently, the Namibian House represents the concept of a united, inclusive and peaceful Namibian nation.
    [Show full text]
  • Government Gazette Republic of Namibia
    GOVERNMENT GAZETTE OF THE REPUBLIC OF NAMIBIA N$25.80 WINDHOEK - 16 November 2020 No. 7389 CONTENTS Page GOVERNMENT NOTICE No. 293 Declaration of candidates duly nominated for election as members of regional councils: Electoral Act, 2014 ....................................................................................................................................................... 1 ________________ Government Notice ELECTORAL COMMISSION OF NAMIBIA No. 293 2020 DECLARATION OF CANDIDATES DULY NOMINATED FOR ELECTION AS MEMBERS OF REGIONAL COUNCILS: ELECTORAL ACT, 2014 In terms of subsection (5) of section 82 of the Electoral Act, 2014 (Act No. 5 of 2014), it is made known that - (a) the persons whose particulars referred to in paragraph (b) of that subsection and listed in column 2 of Schedule 1, have been declared as duly nominated candidates for the constituencies indicated in column 1 of that Schedule, opposite the name of the candidate concerned; (b) the polling day for the general election of members of all regional councils is 25 November 2020; and (c) the polling stations in the constituencies contemplated in paragraph (a) are listed in Schedule 2. N. TJIPUEJA CHAIRPERSON ELECTORAL COMMISSION OF NAMIBIA Windhoek, 9 November2020 2 SCHEDULE 1 Column 1 Column 2 Constituency for Regional Full Names Voter Male Residential Address Political Party/ Council in respect of a registration or Independent Candidate Region number Female //KHARAS REGION Surname Name !Nami#Nus Dausab Fritz 14012340212 M Erf 155,Tseiblaagte, Keetmanshoop Landless People’s Movement Hercules Reginald P. 14011041242 M 256 Second Avenue, Nautilus Lüderitz Independent Candidate Kadhikwa Michaeleno C.J. 14000141764 M Erf 818 Old Build Together House Independent Candidate Government Gazette Kalenga Gideon K. 19070090863 M A7-438, Lüderitz Popular Democratic Movement Ndjaleka Hambelela S.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Oxpeckers Faces Behind Namibias Donkey Abattoirs.Pdf
    Who are the people driving Namibiaʼs plans to open commercial abattoirs for donkey meat and skins for Asia? Oscar Nkala tracks them down ‘Friends in high places’: Stina Wu (left) donates a ‘no-strings-attached’ cheque of N$610,000 to One Economy Foundation, a philanthropic project of First Lady Monica Geingos, to be distributed as collateral-free loans to low-income earners. Photo: Monica Geingob: New Era newspaper Any reference to Namibia’s Chinese business community would be incomplete without the name Stina Wu, an influential real estate mogul who boasts friends in high places and owns vast tracts of land in Windhoek, Okahandja and Rundu. Stina owns two companies, Chan Close Corporation Construction Company and First Wall Property, mainly engaged in the construction of residential estates and shopping malls on the land she owns. She is also the owner of Everlasting Iron Sheet Investments, the company which plans to open a controversial donkey abattoir in Okahandja, about 60km north of Windhoek. The abattoir is one of two planning to open in Namibia, in the face of stiff opposition from locals. (See Furore over Namibia’s donkey slaughter plans) The Okahandja abattoir, which plans to export donkey meat and hides to China, will be built on Erf 780 in Okahandja Townlands. Oxpeckers unearthed evidence that shows the government has long known about allegations that the land on which Stina plans to build the abattoir was acquired by her in violation of town council procedures, and for much less than its real value. Forensic investigation In July 2014 the Ministry of Urban and Rural Development commissioned audit firm PriceWaterhouseCoopers (PWC) to carry out a forensic investigation into the conduct of land deals in out a forensic investigation into the conduct of land deals in Okahandja.
    [Show full text]
  • Multichoice Namibia Celebrates 25 Years of Enriching Lives
    MultiChoice Namibia Celebrates 25 Years of Enriching Lives Windhoek, Thursday, 27 July: It was Camera! Lights! Action! as the best in Namibian entertainment dazzled a star-studded crowd at an evening filled with glitz and glamour as MultiChoice Namibia to celebrate the company’s Silver Jubilee. The gala event took place at the MultiChoice Namibia head office in Eros, Windhoek with the theme that centered on Choice, to showcase its journey through exciting performances and insightful speeches. In their honor, His Excellency, Dr. Hage Geingob, President of the Republic of Namibia and Madame Monica Geingos, the First Lady of the Republic of Namibia were also in attendance. Guests also included top government officials, including the Deputy Minister of Information, Communication and Technology, Hon.Stanley Simataa, Minister of Works and Transport, Hon. Alpheus !Naruseb, and Swapo Secretary General Nangolo Mbumba. Esteemed members of the MultiChoice Africa family from across the continent flew in especially for the festivities. MultiChoice Africa Chief Executive Officer, Brand de Villiers was joined by MultiChoice Africa Regional Director – Southern Africa, Patricia van Rooyen. MCs for the night, TLC Next Great Presenter winner, David Mbeha and The Third Will Actress, Tjuna Kauapirura set the scene for a night which took the audience on the adventure of great entertainment on DStv and GOtv. Guest were also entertainment by home-grown talent comprising of Namibians personalities who have featured on the DStv and GOtv platforms including, Stefan Ludik, Gazza, Lady May, Sally and some of the Namibian contestants of Big Brother Africa. Through his video address at the event, MultiChoice Namibia’s GM Roger Gertze outlined the contribution MultiChoice Namibia has made to the country.
    [Show full text]
  • African Media Barometer
    AFRICAN MEDIA BAROMETER The first home grown analysis of the media landscape in Africa NAMIBIA 2015 AFRICAN MEDIA BAROMETER The first home grown analysis of the media landscape in Africa NAMIBIA 2015 Published by: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) fesmedia Africa Windhoek, Namibia Tel: +264 (0)61 417500 E-mail: [email protected] www.fesmedia-africa.org © This work is licensed under the Creative Commons’ Attribution-NonCommercial - ShareAlike 2.5 Licence. ISBN No.978-99945-77-23-1 The sale or commercial use of all media published by the Friedrich- Ebert-Stiftung (FES) and Media Institute of Southern Africa (MISA) is prohibited without the written consent of the FES and MISA. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung or fesmedia Africa. fesmedia Africa does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. CONTENT SUMMARY: 7 SECTOR 1: 11 Freedom of expression, including freedom of the media, is effectively protected and promoted. SECTOR 2: 27 The media landscape, including new media, is characterised by diversity, independence and sustainability. SECTOR 3: 43 Broadcasting regulation is transparent and independent; the state broadcaster is transformed into a truly public broadcaster. SECTOR 4: 53 The media practise high levels of professional standards. WAY FORWARD: 65 The African Media Barometer (AMB) The African Media Barometer (AMB) is an in-depth and comprehensive description and measurement system for national media environments on the African continent. Unlike other press surveys or media indices the AMB is a self- assessment exercise based on home-grown criteria derived from African Protocols and Declarations like the Declaration of Principles on Freedom of Expression in Africa (2002) by the African Commission for Human and Peoples’ Rights.
    [Show full text]
  • A Role Without a Rulebook the Influence and Leadership of Global First Ladies
    1 Copyright © The George W. Bush Institute 2017, all rights reserved. The Bush Institute contracted this study in order to contribute to the evidence base on the impact of global first ladies. While making the study available to partners, and the public, the Bush Institute is examining how the findings of the study can serve to strengthen programming efforts at the Bush Institute to further empower first ladies around the globe to effectively use their unique platforms to advance issues for women and girls in their countries. This report is provided as an educational public service to explore the role and influence of first ladies. While the Bush Institute and ICRW strive toward this public service purpose in producing the study, it does not necessarily endorse all of the methods, views, or opinions expressed by the First Lady, her country’s government, or other individuals interviewed. Thus, this publication and the content discussed is intended solely for information purposes and is not to be construed, under any circumstances, by implication or otherwise, as an endorsement of national policies or government actions. For requests and any other information on this report, please contact: The George W. Bush Institute [email protected] www.bushcenter.org 2 A Role Without A Rulebook The Influence and Leadership of Global First Ladies Natalie Gonnella-Platts Deputy Director, Women’s Initiative, Bush Institute Katherine Fritz Senior Research Advisor, ICRW Contributors: Spogmay Ahmed Policy Associate, Global Advocacy, ICRW Catherine
    [Show full text]